Sie sind auf Seite 1von 9

What is Plant Tissue Culture?

Induction of onion tissue culture from onion seedlings (LHS), through callus tissue proliferating on seedling tissue to isolated callus in
culture (RHS).

Plant cells can be grown in isolation from intact plants in tissue culture systems. The cells
have the characteristics of callus cells, rather than other plant cell types. These are the
cells that appear on cut surfaces when a plant is wounded and which gradually cover and
seal the damaged area.

Pieces of plant tissue will slowly divide and grow into a colourless mass of cells if they
are kept in special conditions. These are:

• initiated from the most appropriate plant tissue for the particular plant variety
• presence of a high concentration of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators in the
growth media
• a growth medium containing organic and inorganic compounds to sustain the cells
• aseptic conditions during culture to exclude competition from microorganisms

The plant cells can grow on a solid surface as friable, pale-brown lumps (called callus),
or as individual or small clusters of cells in a liquid medium called a suspension culture.
These cells can be maintained indefinitely provided they are sub-cultured regularly into
fresh growth medium.

Tissue culture cells generally lack the distinctive features of most plant cells. They have a
small vacuole, lack chloroplasts and photosynthetic pathways and the structural or
chemical features that distinguish so many cell types within the intact plant are absent.
They are most similar to the undifferentiated cells found in meristematic regions which
become fated to develop into each cell type as the plant grows. Tissue cultured cells can
also be induced to re-differentiate into whole plants by alterations to the growth media.

Plant tissue cultures can be initiated from almost any part of a plant. The physiological
state of the plant does have an influence on its response to attempts to initiate tissue
culture. The parent plant must be healthy and free from obvious signs of disease or decay.
The source, termed explant, may be dictated by the reason for carrying out the tissue
culture. Younger tissue contains a higher proportion of actively dividing cells and is more
responsive to a callus initiation programme. The plants themselves must be actively
growing, and not about to enter a period of dormancy.
The exact conditions required to initiate and sustain plant cells in culture, or to regenerate
intact plants from cultured cells, are different for each plant species. Each variety of a
species will often have a particular set of cultural requirements. Despite all the
knowledge that has been obtained about plant tissue culture during the twentieth century,
these conditions have to be identified for each variety through experimentation.

PLANT TISSUE CULTURE


Uses of plant tissue culture
INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS IT?

USES

CASE STUDY 1
Anther culture for cold hardiness

CASE STUDY 2
Somaclones for disease resistance

CASE STUDY 3
Demonstration of tissue culture for teaching

PUBLICATIONS

Callus cultures derived from onion

Plant tissue culture now has direct commercial applications as well as value in basic
research into cell biology, genetics and biochemistry. The techniques include culture of
cells, anthers, ovules and embryos on experimental to industrial scales, protoplast
isolation and fusion, cell selection and meristem and bud culture. Applications include:

• micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of


identical individuals
• screening programmes of cells, rather than plants for advantageous characters
• large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture as a source of secondary
products
• crossing distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the
novel hybrid
• production of dihaploid plants from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines
more rapidly in breeding programmes
• as a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic
constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants
• removal of viruses by propagation from meristematic tissues

4-Bromo-antibiotic A23187
(3 companies)

Alamethicin system
(1 company)

Amikacin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Amoxicillin
(7 companies)

Antibiotic, Amphotericin B
(9 companies)

Antibiotic, Ampicillin
(19 companies)

Antibiotic, Anisomycin
(6 companies)

Antibiotic, Antimycotics
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Aureobasidin A
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Bacitracin
(6 companies)
Antibiotic, Blasticidin
(6 companies)

Antibiotic, Bleomycin
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Carbenicillin
(11 companies)

Antibiotic, Cefamandole
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Cefazolin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Cefotaxime
(6 companies)

Antibiotic, Cefuroxime
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Cephalosporin C
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Chloramphenicol
(16 companies)

Antibiotic, Chlorotetracycline
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Cinoxacin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Clindamycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Concanamycin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Coumermycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Dihydrostreptomycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Duramycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Erythromycin
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, G 418 (Dry)


(13 companies)

Antibiotic, G 418 (Solution)


(6 companies)

Antibiotic, Geldanamycin
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Gentamicin
(11 companies)

Antibiotic, Hygromycin B
(14 companies)

Antibiotic, Kanamycin
(17 companies)

Antibiotic, Kasugamycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Kirromycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Lincomycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Lomefloxacin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Miscellaneous Antibiotics


(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Mitomycin C
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Mycophenolic Acid


(3 companies)
Antibiotic, Narasin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Neomycin Sulfate


(9 companies)

Antibiotic, Netilmicin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Nigericin
(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Nikkomycin Z
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Normocin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Nourseothricin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Novobiocin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Nystatin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Ofloxacin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Oleandomycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Oligomycin
(4 companies)

Antibiotic, Oxytetracycline
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Paromomycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Penicillin G
(11 companies)
Antibiotic, Penicillin Streptomycin
(7 companies)

Antibiotic, Penicillin Streptomycin L Glutamine


(1 company)

Antibiotic, Penicillin V
(4 companies)

Antibiotic, PenicillinStreptomycinNeomycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Phleomycin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Phosphomycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Pimaricin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Piperacillin
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Plasmocin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Polymyxin B Sulfate


(5 companies)

Antibiotic, Primocin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Puromycin
(8 companies)

Antibiotic, Rapamycin
(7 companies)

Antibiotic, Rifampicin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Rifamycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Roxithromycin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Salinomycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Spectinomycin
(3 companies)

Antibiotic, Spiramycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Streptomycin
(10 companies)

Antibiotic, Streptozotocin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Tautomycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Tetracycline
(13 companies)

Antibiotic, Thiamphenicol
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Ticarcillin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Tobramycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Trimethoprim
(2 companies)

Antibiotic, Valinomycin
(7 companies)

Antibiotic, Vancomycin
(4 companies)

Antibiotic, Virginiamycin
(1 company)

Antibiotic, Zeocin
(2 companies)
Ascomycin
(1 company)

Dactinomycin Drug
(8 companies)

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen