QUIZ-1

1. Define medical device. Any device, apparatus or part/ accessory that is used for treatment, diagnosis, prevention or mitigation of abnormal physical state or symptoms or disease in humans or animals. Or, that is used for restoring, correcting or modifying body function or structure in human or animals. 2. Analy e biomedical instrumentation using a systems approach. !ased on "hether the output of one subsystem influences other subsystem/ system# $losed loop system# %ith feedbac& Open loop system# "ithout feedbac& '. ()plain the origin and characteristics of biopotentials and common physiological signals. !iopotential# (lectrical potential due to the flo" of ions in biological tissues. About *+,m-. Amplitude . shape of biopotential is dependent on the site of measurement. (lectrodes attached in the area of interest to measure such potentials. $ommon physiological signals# !lood flo", !ody temp, !lood pressure, !lood p/, ($0, ((0, (10 2. 3ist common input, output, and control signals of medical devices. 4nput# 5atient 6(lectric potential of ($0/((0/(10, /eat of body7 Output# Detection of patient8s physiological signal 6($0 /((0 "aveforms7 $ontrol# 4nstrument settings 6Alarms, 9ensitivity/$alibrations7 :. 4dentify the basic functional building bloc&s of medical instrumentation. 4nput, 5rocesses, Output, ;eedbac& <. %hat advantages are there to using electrical current to perform surgery= Disadvantages= Adv# An electrosurgical unit 6(9>7 uses high radio fre?uency 6@;7 electric currents to cut, coagulate tissues. >seful in procedures such as minimally invasive surgery 61497 "here mechanical cutting is difficultA blood loss is minimal that implies lesser pain . faster recovery periods in patients "hen compared to conventional steel scalpel. DisAdv# (lectrical shoc&s or thermal shoc&s 6burns . tissue perforation7 +. %hich other devices are sometimes integrated "ith cardiac defibrillators= ($0. Allo"s observation of patient "aveforms as "ell as synchroni ation to abnormal rhythms B. %hat is the main electrolyte involved in generating muscle electrical signals= $alcium C. Describe the path of blood through the body, especially in the heart. DeO2 blood# -enacava 6body7*D@t. Auricle*D@t. -entricle*D3ungs O2 blood# 3ungs*D@t. Auricle*D@t. -entricle*DAorta 6body7 1,. %hy doesnEt the "hole heart contract at once= %hat "ould happen if it did= (lectrical conduction of signals in heart follo"s the pattern# 9A node *D A- node *D A- bundle *D 5ur&inFe fibers /ence the signal originates at atrium 69A node7 and ultimately delivered to ventricular muscles. $onse?uence# A relatively higher force of contraction "ill be necessary that can rupture the heart. 11. %hy is the average inta&e volume of o)ygen per breath greater than the average output volume of carbon dio)ide= 4nta&e o)ygen is used for metabolism.

12. Describe main functions of the renal system. 1aintain chemical balance by selectively passing ions and other molecules such as Ga H, $l*, IH, >rea, $reatinine etc. 0etting rid of e)cess li?uid "aste from the blood in the form of urine 1'. %hat is a potential benefit of increased body temperature "hen an infection is present in the body= ;ighting against microbes, as they do not thrive at increased temperature Jhe body immune system is more effective at higher temp.