IS

THERE A CORIOLIS EFFECT? Joseph Stanovsky PhD

2013 by J.S.

NO!

ABSTRACT This paper begins with a solution for the straight line motion of a f` utbol thrown by one player to another. Two other solutions are included: one describes the motion of a f` utbol thrown from one participant to another with an intermediate bounce; the other solution is that of a small ball rolling on a rotating surface. The f` utbol and rolling ball experiments are performed on the rotating surface of a merry go round. THE MERRY GO ROUND ENVIRONMENT A merry go round is shown in Fig 1. The rotating x and y coordinates apply to the no-bounce experiment and to the intermediate bounce experiment. y z
Raised floor

R
F` utbol Launch site

Support bar Camera

(a) Plan
Catch site

z Floor (b) Elevation

Launch site

Rotary axis & foundation

Figure 1. The x-axis in (a) points from center of rotation to the launch site. A camera, shown centrally for convenience, is mounted on a support bar in which the distance from floor to camera is estimated as 28 inches. In (b), the diameter of the raised floor is estimated as 12 inches (0.3048 m) and the angular spacing between player sites is 45. Figure 2 shows the non-rotating X,Y axes and the rotating x-y axes. The position of the f` utbol catch site is at Q, at , while the f` utbol launch site P is at +180. x Y R Catch site y Q X O Launch site P Figure 2:The X-Y axes are non-rotating axes. The rotating x axis is from the X-axis. The Catch site Q is at and the Launch site P is at +180. THE NO-BOUNCE EXPERIMENT In this no-bounce test the launch participant at P thrusts the f` utbol directly to the

-1-

ITEM #1: THE NO-BOUNCE EXPERIMENT

participant at catch site Q (straight line, almost horizontal motion from P to Q). The launch site (P) and Catch site (Q) are located in eq. (1). -Sin Cos P =R Cos feet Q = R Sin feet (1) 0 0 The rotating velocity of the f` utbol corresponds to the velocity of the go-round at P as defined in eq. (2) for = 270. 1 1 1 -Sin 270 1 vP = L = R 0 0 = R Cos 270 = R 0 ft/sec (2) Cos 270 Sin 270 0 0 0 The launch velocity of the f` utbol is defined in eq. (3). 0 vC = C 1 feet/second 0 The resultant launch velocity at P in eq. (4) is vC +vP. 0 1 R vC +vP = C 1 +R 0 = C feet per second 0 0 0 The unit vectors and are defined in Fig 3. y O Q x

(3)

(4)

Figure 3 : Unit vector is orthogonal to OQ while is parallel to OQ. The unit vectors and are defined in eq. (5). -Sin = Cos 0 and unit vector = Cos Sin 0 (5)

The component of (vP+vC) parallel to is defined in eq. (6). (vP+vC) = R -Sin +C Cos = -R Sin +C Cos 0 0 (6)

The component of (vP+vC) parallel to is defined in eq. (7). R R Cos C = +C Sin = R Cos +C Sin 0 0 0 (7)

Solutions of eq. (6) are described in Table 1 and solutions of eq. (7) are shown in Table 2, both for in the range 270 < < 360.

-2-

ITEM #1: THE NO-BOUNCE EXPERIMENT

Table 1: Solutions of eq. (6) = -R Sin +C Cos [1] [2] [3] [4] Cos -Sin Eq. (6) 270 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 R +0.0000 C 285 0.2588 0.9659 0.9659 R +0.2558 C 300 0.5000 0.8660 0.8660 R +0.5000 C 315 0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 R +0.7071 C 330 0.8660 0.5000 0.5000 R +0.8660 C 345 0.9659 0.2588 0.2588 R +0.9659 C 360 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 R +1.0000 C Table 2: Solutions of eq. (7) = R Cos +C Sin [1] [2] [3] [4] Cos Sin Eq. (7) 270 0.0000 -1.0000 0.0000 R -1.0000 C 285 0.2588 -0.9659 0.2558 R -0.9659 C 300 0.5000 -0.8660 0.5000 R -0.8660 C 315 0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 R -0.7071 C 330 0.8660 -0.5000 0.8660 R-0.5000 C 345 0.9659 -0.2588 0.9659 R-0.2588 C 360 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 R+0.0000 C Tables 1 and 2 show solutions of eqs. (6) and (7) solved for = 270 to 360. These are solutions of the no-bounce experiment. These results indicate the launched f` utbol never reaches the participant at the catch site. This is true so long as is not zero. For = 0 the launched ball does reach the catcher indicating the solutions only apply for a rotating merry go round. No Coriolis Effect noted, none expected with nothing mysterious going on.

-3-

` ITEM #2: BOUNCE FUTBOL EXPERIMENT

THE BOUNCING BALL EXPERIMENT The bouncing ball experiment is played by four participants in a go-round designed for eight. The use of four participants was apparently thought to eliminate any possible magic or manipulation. The game is simple. A participant throws the ball near the center of rotation of the go-round so the ball bounces. It is probably thought that this bounce eliminates the angular velocity contribution of the go-round. The participant launches the f` utbol while seated. Figure 3 is a sketch of the motion of a f` utbol from launch and shows the ball bounce on the go-round floor at P. z E z x 48" to camera lens
Hodograph h Ball 3 Path 16"

Camera h h 2 1

28" To floor

The launch site

Floor

Figure 4: The ball is launched at P and after striking the floor at P bounces up and then exits the go-round at E. At launch the velocity of the f` utbol is -x and z-directed. The f` utbol approaches the floor at point P(near z-axis or s from launch site). The camera rotates with the go-round as shown in Fig 3 and Fig 1. Except for the bounce at P the experiment is similar to the experiment for which the solutions are those in eqs. (6) and (7). It is likely the bounce experiment was an attempt to eliminate the influence of the velocity contribution due to go-round rotation. Substituting R = 0 in eq. (5) yields eq. (8), the desired launch velocity for the bounce pass launch method. R=0 launch velocity C feet per second (8) 0 Equations (9) and (10), formed like eqs. (6) and (7), are the solutions sought. The unit vectors and are defined for =270. The component of (vP+vC) parallel to is defined in eq. (9). 0 -Sin 0 (vP+vC) = C Cos C = C Cos = C Cos 270 = 0 (9) 0 0 0 The component of (vP+vC) parallel to is defined in eq. (10). 0 Cos (vP+vC) = C Sin = C Sin = C Sin 270 = -1.0 C (10) 0 0 Solutions of eqs. (9) and (10) are in Table 2 where is in range 270 < < 360.

-4-

` ITEM #2: BOUNCE FUTBOL EXPERIMENT

Table 3: Solutions of Bounce Method Eq. (9): 0.0 Cos and Eq. (10): -C Sin [1] 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 [2] Cos 0.0000 0.2588 0.5000 0.7071 0.8660 0.9659 1.0000 [3] Sin -1.0000 -0.9659 -0.8660 -0.7071 -0.5000 -0.2588 0.0000 [4] Eq. (9) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 [5] Eq. (10) -1.0000 C -0.9659 C -0.8660 C -0.7071 C -0.5000 C -0.2588 C 0.0000 C

Table 3 shows solutions of eqs. (9) and (10) solved for angles = 270 to 360. These are solutions of the no-bounce experiment. The results indicate the launched ball never reaches the catch site. No Coriolis effect noted and none expected. Nothing mysterious going on.

-5-

ITEM #3: THE ROLLING BALL

THE ROLLING BALL The surface of a rotating merry go round in Fig 5 shows non-rotating X-Y axes and a rotating x-y system. The ball, launched at Q, rolls from Q toward O on the surface of the rotating merry go round. x Y R Launch site y Q X O Observers site P Figure 5: The X-Y axes are non-rotating axes. The rotating x-axis is located from the X-axis. It is assumed Launch occurs when = 90 and Observers site is +90. Unit vectors and are defined in Fig 6 and eq. (11). q O
y 90 Launch velocity C @ time t = 0 seconds Small rolling ball at Q

= 90 +
x

Figure 6 : Plan view: Unit vector parallels line Oq whereas is orthogonal to Oq. The unit vectors in Fig 6 are defined in eq. (11) for use in range 90 < < 180. Cos -Sin Unit vector = Sin and unit vector = Cos (11) 0 0 To confirm the orthogonality of and perform ( ) = 0 as shown in eq. (12). Cos -Sin = Sin Cos = 0.0 x (-1.0) +1.0 x 0.0 = 0 (12) 0 0 The launch velocity of the small ball at Q is -C in eq. (13). 0 vL = C -1 feet per second (13) 0 The velocity of the small ball at Q is described eq. (14). 1 1 1 -Sin vQ = R 0 0 = R Cos (14) Cos Sin 0 0 The resultant launch velocity at Q is defined for = 90 in eq. (15). 0 -1 vQ = vL +vQ = -C +R 0 feet per second (15) 0 0 The component of vQ parallel to is defined in eq. (16). 0 -1 Cos vQ = -C +R 0 Sin = -C Sin -R Cos (16) 0 0 0

-6-

ITEM #3: THE ROLLING BALL

The component of vQ parallel to is defined in eq. (17). 0 -1 -Sin vQ = -C +R 0 Cos = -C Cos +R Sin 0 0 0 Table 5 shows solutions of eqs. (16) and (17).

(17)

Table 5: Rolling Ball Solutions for in range 90 < < 180 Eq. (16); -C Sin -R Cos Eq. (17); -C Cos +R Sin . [1] 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 [2] -Cos 0 0.2588 0.5000 0.7071 0.8660 0.9659 1.0000 0.9659 0.8660 0.7071 0.5000 [3] -Sin -1.0000 -0.9650 -0.8660 -0.7071 -0.5000 -0.2588 0.0000 0.2588 0.5000 0.7071 0.8660 [4] Eq. (16) -1.0000 C +1.0000 R -0.9650 C +0.2588 R -0.8660 C +0.5000 R -0.7071 C +0.7071 R -0.5000 C+0.8660 R -0.2588 C+0.9659 R 0.0000 C+1.0000 R 0.2588 C +0.9659 R 0.5000 C +0.8660 R 0.7071 C +0.7071 R 0.8660 C +1.3660 R [5] Eq. (17) 0.0000 C +1.0000 R 0.2588 C +0.9650 R 0.5000 C +0.8660 R 0.7071 C +0.7071 R 0.8660 C +0.5000 R 0.9659 C +0.2588 R 1.0000 C +0.0000 R 0.9659 C +0.2588 R 0.8660 C +0.5000 R 0.7071 C +0.7071 R 0.5000 C +0.8660 R

The rolling ball solutions defined in eqs. (16) and (17) are solved in Table 5. The solutions indicate no presence of a Coriolis Effect. The coordinate axes do rotate but there is nothing in the motion or displacement of the ball that is even remotely related to a Coriolis effect. Nothing! CONCLUSIONS These conclusions apply to the solutions of the three experiments. The solutions for each experiment are similar because all experiments are performed on the surface of a rotating merry go round. The solutions developed are different because each of the experiments is designed to reproduce three different experiments. The first of the published experiments is that of a bouncing f` utbol and the second is that of a small ball rolling on the rotating surface of a merry go round. Both of these experiments were said to be a result of a Coriolis Effect and claimed so because of the claims of unusual and mysterious motions of the bouncing f` utbol and the small ball rolling on the surface of the merry go round. The motions in the two experiments may be unusual but they are neither mysterious nor are they influenced by a Coriolis Effect. What is the result of all of the experiments? There is just one item to report: there is NO Coriolis acceleration, force or effect.

-7-

LAGNIAPPE
The scalar or dot product of two vectors, say A and B, is |A| |B| Cos in which is the angle between vectors A and B. The dot product is demonstrated in Fig 7. y A B x Figure 7: The x-y plane vector A is rotated + from the x-axis while B is rotated . The vectors A and B in which ( +) and are known and the dot product A B is defined in eq. 18 where the magnitudes |A| and |B| are shown on the left hand side. Cos ( +) Cos (AB)/(|A||B|) = Sin ( +) Sin = Cos ( +) Cos +Sin ( +) Sin (18) 0 0 The result in eq. (18) is equivalent to a trigonometric identity --- cos + -. Thus, Cos ( +) Cos (AB)/(|A||B|) = Sin ( +) Sin = Cos (19) 0 0 With Cos known so too is and inserted into ( +) produces .

THE SCALAR DOT PRODUCT

In the 4th Century (i.c.e.) Chinese Mathematicians defined as 355/113. (355/113) - 3.141592654 = 0.00000026676 Ding How!

ABOUT

STRESS UNITS
Imagine, stress is defined as Giga Pascals. Giga is 1, 000, 000, 000, a magnification factor of great size. Stress must be the Pascal. And, the Pascal is 1 Newton per square meter. I and others ask why a Newton and a square meter. In a foot and pound world engineers have learned that a pint of water weighs a pound the whole world around. Engineers do imagine but the things imagined are important, significant and useful.

PRESSURE
Air pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch. Instead of the force acting on a flat surface, please consider: pounds pounds (feet) Pressure = , with both sides multiplied by 1; Pressure = . 2 feet (feet2) feet foot pounds Pressure = (20) feet3 Pressure is the energy of a gas per unit volume. -8-