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MONTHLY NEWSLETTER FROM ECE DEPARTMENT PROJECT IDEAS Digital Thermometer

This digital thermometer can measure temperatures up to 150C with an accuracy of 1C. The temperature is read on a 1V full scale-deflection (FSD) moving-coil voltmeter or digital voltmeter. Operational amplifier IC 741 (IC3) provides a constant flow of current through the base-emitter junction of npn transistor BC108 (T1). The voltage across the base-emitter junction of the transistor is proportional to its temperature. The transistor used this way makes a low-cost sensor. You can use silicon diode instead of transistor. The small variation in voltage across the base-emitter junction is amplified by second operational amplifier (IC4), before the temperature is displayed on the meter. Preset VR1 is used to set the zero-reading on the meter and preset VR2 is used to set the range of temperature measurement.

NOVEMBER 2013

Duo Phone
This simple circuit of a duo- phone allows you to access two telephone lines through one telephone set. Each telephone conversation will remain entirely separate unless you choose to combine the two lines through a conference switch. Its unique feature is a three-party conversation/conference facility. The entire circuit is divided into three main sectionsthe ringer, hold and conferencing. The telephone set is connected to line 1 under normal conditions. The ringer is used for indicating a call on line 2 that is not connected to the telephone receiver. When you have a call on line 2, the ringer will buzz. The telephone receiver can then be connected to line 2 through the telephone changeover switch S4 to receive the call.

Operational amplifiers IC3 and IC4 operate off regulated 5V power supply, which is derived from 3-terminal positive voltage regulator IC 7805 (IC1) and negative low-dropout regulator IC 7660 (IC2). The entire circuit works off a 9V battery. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a small plastic box. Calibrate the thermometer using presets VR1 and VR2. After calibration, keep the box in the vicinity of the object whose temperature is to be measured.

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The ringer section is built around IC3 and its associated components. Its circuit uses IC 1240 to detect the ring signal and keeps the buzzer ringing for an incoming call on line 2. The sup- ply voltage for the ringer is obtained from the phone lines AC ring (80V AC RMS) signal and is regulated inside the IC so that the noise on the line does not affect operation of the IC. The two-tone frequencies generated are switched by an internal oscillator in a fast sequence, which appear at the output amplifier and drive the piezo buzzer element directly. The hold section is built around IC1 and IC2. Switch S1 is used to hold line 1 and S2 is used to put line 2 on hold. Since one telephone set is used for two separate lines, provision is thus made to hold the first call while the telephone set is connected to make or receive the second call. The circuit comprises two identical hold circuits, each with its own flashing LED to maintain the holding current. Each hold circuit has a timer LM555 (IC1 or IC2) connected as a free-running oscillator operating at a frequency of 2 Hz. The output pin 3 of each timer is used for driving an LED that flashes twice in a second. The hold circuit is powered by the telephone lines through manually- operated hold switches (S1 and S2). Resistors R2 and R6 are placed in the hold circuits to ensure that sufficient current is drawn from the telephone line to prevent a disconnection.

provides a holding current on line 1 when the telephone set is connected to line 2 during a conference call. Once the three-way conversation is established through the doublepole single-throw (DPST) switch S3, the hold circuits and flashing LED indicators are turned off. LED3, which gets illuminated by the holding cur- rent through R1, provides a visual indication of the conferencing.

The conferencing section is built around the audio coupling transformer X1. Switch S3 enables three- way conversation through both the telephone lines. The transformer couples the audio signals from one telephone line to the other. At the same time, complete DC isolation is maintained between both the telephone lines. Capacitors C1 and C3 are used for preventing any DC from flowing into the transformer windings. Resistor R1

The working of the circuit is simple. To check if the wiring of switch S4 is correct, connect the telephone set to line 1. Now lift up the handset and dial the number of line 2. The ringer would sound. Now disconnect line 1 and connect line 2 through switch S4. You would get the dial tone from line 2. To check a conference call, you would need the help of two friends. First connect switch S4 to line 1 and make a call to friend 1. Now flip the DPST switch S3 to the on position. This puts on hold friend 1 on line 1 and the conference LED3 lights up. Connect switch S4 to line 2 and dial friend 2. When the call on line 2 is answered, a three-way conversation can be made. When the duo phone is not in use, connect switch S4 to line 1. All other switches
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should be in the off mode and all LEDs should be unlit. This permits the telephone ringer to be activated if a call comes on line 2. For making calls using line 1 or line 2, you can simply connect switch S4 to the desired line. Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and enclose it in a suitable cabinet. Fix the switches S1 through S4 on the front side of the cabinet. Also fix the LEDs on the front of the cabinet and the buzzer at the back of the cabinet. It would be better if you use telephone sockets for the telephone lines. Sockets are relatively inexpensive and save time when troubleshooting needs to be done. Use modular plugs to connect the circuit and the two telephone lines. By using such quick disconnect plugs, you can easily remove the unit from the telephone lines. Check the polarity of the telephone lines with a multimeter and connect it to the circuit accordingly. To check the circuit after completing the wiring, connect a 6V regulated power supply to line 1. When you switch S1 to the on position, LED1 blinks at a rate of 2 Hz. If you flip switch S1 to the off position and switch S3 to the on position, LED1 stops blinking and LED3 starts glowing, indicating that the conferencing facility is being used. Now disconnect line 1 from the 6V power supply, connect it to line 2 and flip switch S2 to the on position. Now LED2 blinks at a rate of 2 Hz. Before connecting the circuit to the telephone lines, flip each hold switch to the off position. Now your circuit is ready to be used.

Option of two different macro lenses (10 xs or 15 xs) Can be used with all photo and video apps. Available in black, silver and red.

SCIENTISTS
Charles Proteus Steinmetz
(1865 - 1923) Charles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865 October 26, 1923) was a mathematician and electrical engineer. He fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the
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GADGETS IPHONE LENS BY OLLOCLIP

Awesome iPhone lens by olloclip, an amazing gadget for iPhone lovers.

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electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. He made ground-breaking discoveries in the understanding of hysteresis that enabled engineers to design better electromagnetic apparatus equipment including especially electric motors for use in industry. Steinmetz's work revolutionized AC circuit theory and analysis, which had been carried out using complex, time-consuming calculus-based methods. By 1893, Steinmetz simplified these complicated methods to "a simple problem of algebra". He was the first to use complex number phasor representation, whereby the letter j is used to designate the 90 degree rotation operator in AC system analysis. In july 1898 he published the breaking article "Complex-Quantities-andTheir-Use-in-Electrical-Engineering" based on his findings in 1893. His seminal books and many American Institute of Electrical Engineers papers "taught a whole generation of engineers how to deal with AC phenomena.Steinmetz also made greater strides to the understanding of lightning phenomena. He undertook a systematic study of it, resulting in experiments of man-made lightning in the laboratory; this work was published. Steinmetz was called the "forger of thunderbolts," being the first to create artificial lightning in his GE football field-sized laboratory and high towers, using 120,000 volt generators. He erected a lightning tower to attract lightning and studied the patterns and effects of lightning resulting in several theories and ideas.

GUEST LECTURERS

Amita Baviskar -Amita Baviskar is an Associate Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi. Her research focuses on the cultural politics of environment and development. Her first book In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts over Development in the Narmada Valley (Oxford University Press) discussed the struggle for survival by adivasis in central India against a large dam. Her subsequent work further explores the themes of resource rights, subaltern resistance and cultural identity. She has edited Waterlines: The Penguin Book of River Writings (Penguin India); Waterscapes: The Cultural Politics of a Natural Resource (Permanent Black); Contested Grounds: Essays on Nature, Culture and Power (Oxford University Press); and Elite and Everyman: The Cultural Politics of the Indian Middle Classes (with Raka Ray, Routledge). She is currently writing about bourgeois environmentalism and spatial restructuring in the context of economic liberalization in Delhi. Amita Baviskar has taught at the University of Delhi, and has been a visiting scholar at Stanford, Cornell, Yale and the University of California at Berkeley. She is coeditor of the journal Contributions to Indian Sociology.
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She was awarded the 2005 Malcolm Adiseshiah Award for Distinguished Contributions to Development Studies, the 2008 VKRV Rao Prize for Social Science Research, and the 2010 Infosys Prize for Social Sciences.

Amita did her BA in Economics from University of Delhi, MA in Sociology from University of Delhi and earned a PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University.

RECENT INVENTIONS Gorilla Glass

If there is one thing that consumers have in common when it comes to their hi tech gadgets - it's their concern about cracked and scratched screens. In fact, a whole industry has emerged to fix and replace the screens on smartphones, tablets, e-readers and other hi tech gadgets because they're a one-handed slip away from not being handheld. But a product invented over 40 years ago is poised to become the latest and greatest screen technology for hi tech gadgets. Gorilla glass, invented in the 60's by Corning Inc., is an utlra-thin, lightweight glass that is 3 times stronger than chemically strengthened glass and is extremely difficult to break, dent or scratch. But when it was first invented there was no demand for such a product - until now. It's in demand because of the proliferation of digital devices. Gorilla glass is currently used in more than 40 million mobile devices and is a $170 million a year business and expanding. Beginning next year LCD frameless flatscreen televisions will also start using the

glass. Corning expects revenues from their product to reach $200 million this year and over $1 billion next year. Not bad for a product that has been in mothballs for 48 years. Gorilla Glass is the registered trademark for an alkali-aluminosilicate sheet toughened glass manufactured by U.S. glassmaker Corning Inc. Engineered for a combination of thinness, lightness, and damage-resistance, it is used primarily as the cover glass for portable electronic devices including mobile phones, portable media players, laptop computer displays, and some television screens.[1] It is manufactured through immersion in a molten alkaline salt bath using ion exchange to produce compressive residual stress at the surface. This prevents cracks from propagating - for a crack to start, it will first have to overcome this compressive stress.[2] anode material used in OLEDs, research has been undertaken into alternative materials that are better suited for flexible applications including carbon nanotubes. Encapsulation is another challenge for flexible OLED devices. While the common method of encapsulation for regular OLEDs are to seal the organic layer between glasses. The materials in an OLED are sensitive to air and moisture which lead to degradation of the materials themselves as well as quenching of excited states within the molecule. Flexible encapsulation methods are generally not as effective a barrier to air and moisture as glass, and current research aims to improve the encapsulation of flexible organic light emitting diodes.

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EVENTS:
WORKSHOP ON BLUEDROID
Bluedroid is a Bluetooth enabled Robot which is operated using an android phone via Bluetooth. An app is used in android smart phone through which a bot is controlled. The microcontroller used is ATMEGA8. The event was conducted by Robogenesis. This workshop is conducted on 26th and 27th September 2013

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