Journal of Nanoparticle Research 4: 571573, 2002. 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.

Report

International Symposium on Nanoparticles: Technology and Sustainable Development, Taipei, Taiwan, September 910, 2002
Mansoo Choi1 , Hung-Min Chein2 , Heinz Fissan3 , Kikuo Okuyama4 and David Y.H. Pui5 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (E-mail: mchoi@plaza.snu.ac.kr); 2 Center for Environmental, Safety and Health Technology, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan (E-mail: hmchein@itri.org.tw); 3 Gerhard-Mercator University Duisburg, Process- and Aerosol Measurement Technology, Bismarchkstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany (E-mail: h.ssan@uni-duisburg.de); 4 Hiroshima University, Chemical Engineering, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan (E-mail: okuyama@hiroshima-u.ac.jp); 5 Particle Technology Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (E-mail: dyhpui@tc.umn.edu)
Received 10 October 2002; accepted in revised form 16 October 2002

The Symposium, Nanoparticles: Technology and Sustainable Development, was jointly sponsored by the European Science Foundation (ESF), the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF), and the Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). It was held in conjunction with the 6th International Aerosol Conference (IAC, September 813, 2002), Taipei, Taiwan, with the following objectives: Bring together Asian, European, and US scientists in the eld of Aerosol Science and Materials Science, and to enhance cooperation, especially among young scientists, in both disciplines. Present most recent ndings in the elds of nanostructured materials with new or improved properties, especially functional ceramics and electronics, as well as optical and opto-electronic devices, with special emphasis on their sustainable development. Evaluate the research trends and opportunities, and to enhance the link between synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles in the gas phase and nanostructured materials. The Symposium was attended by approximately 160 participants, including 8 ESF NANO-Program members, 5 NSF sponsored invited lecturers and young researcher awardees, 6 KOSEF sponsored lecturers and awardees, 6 Japanese invited lecturers and poster presenters, 3 Taiwan ITRI sponsored lecturers, and

approximately 130 from industry and participants of the IAC Conference. The meeting included 14 plenary lectures (9 invited) given by senior scientists from Europe, US, and Asia, as well as 19 poster presentations given by sponsored awardees from Europe, US, and Asia. A book of abstracts was published with the same title as the Symposium (H. Fissan, F. Otten, M. Choi et al., eds; ISSN: 1436-509X), and may be obtained by contacting Prof. H. Fissan, Gerhard-Mercator University Duisburg, Process- and Aerosol Measurement Technology, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. The 9 invited plenary lectures included four by European scientists, two by US scientists and three by Asian scientists. Presentations by European scientists included: H. Fissan, Nanoparticles from the Gas Phase as Building Blocks for Electrical Devices, A. Gutsch, New Nanomaterials: Todays Innovation Tomorrows Business, D. Vollath, Coated Nanoparticles Synthesis and Properties, and A.P. Weber, Structure Inuence in the Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen on Gasborne Platinum Nanoparticles. Presentations by US scientists included: R.C. Flagan, Taking Nanoparticles out of the Laboratory and into the Fabrication, and P.H. McMurry, Atmospheric Nanoparticles: Measurement and Observations Pertinent to Nucleation and Growth. Presentations by Asian scientists included: M. Choi, Control and Modeling of Nanoparticle Growth in Flame, K. Okuyama,

572 Novel Route to Nanoparticle Synthesis by Spray Method, and Hung Min Chein, Nanoparticles: Health Risk and Control Technology. In addition, 19 posters were presented by European, US, and Asian young researchers, which covered a broad area of research relating to nanoparticle technologies and applications. During the welcoming remarks, David Pui read a welcoming remark from Dr. M.C. Roco, Chair of the US National Science, Engineering and Technology Councils subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET). Dr. Roco emphasized the multidisciplinary approach and the importance of international collaboration on the development of nanotechnology. The organizers and sponsors were very pleased with the large number of attendees and the quality of the presentations. The Symposium highlighted the broad nature of nanotechnology research and the importance of nanoparticles as building blocks for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Professor Fissans talk, which was also the opening plenary lecture for the International Aerosol Conference, addressed the use of nanoparticles as building blocks for electrical devices, such as photo and gas sensors. He demonstrated how the performance of sensors could be improved and adjusted by using semiconducting monodisperse nanoparticles. For the rst time he showed the inuence of particle size and stochiometry on the sensing properties. Since these parameters are easily adjusted in the synthesis process, it offers the opportunity to make sensor arrays in a parallel procedure. Dr. Andreas Gutsch spoke about the use of gasphase-synthesis for an extensive variety of nano-sized particles on industrial scale. He also showed the potential of ultra-ne and especially nano-sized particles in high performance applications. The synthesis of coated nanoparticles was the topic of Prof. Vollaths talk. He presented the Karlsruhe Microwave Plasma Process and the very special properties of the products of their process. Dr. Alfred Weber addressed the topic of structure inuence in the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen on gas borne Platinum nanoparticles. He demonstrated that aerosol catalysis offers the possibility to study in situ the inuence of size, contact time, and preconditioning on the nanoparticle properties. Dr. Einar Kruis reported on the development of an on-line DMPS dedicated to industrial processes for production of nanoscale powders. The system totally made out of hasteloy to ght corrosion consist out of a cleanable sampling part and several ejector-based dilutors to condition the aerosol to the needs of the measurement technology. The DMPS consist out of an UV-charger, a low-pressure applicable radial DMA and a sensitive electrometer for counting the particles. It has been tested at several different pilot plants in the DEGUSSA-Project House NANO. Dr. Thomas Kauffeldt reported about a method obtaining an on-line absolute measure of the magnetic moment of isolated nanoparticles in gas suspensions, dependent on the magnetic eld strength and particle size, therefore without particleparticle or particle substrate interaction. He demonstrated the determination of the magnetic moment of nickel particles of different shapes, but with the same mass. Professor Rick Flagan reported on the fabrication of oating-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor eld-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in which the conventional stacked gate has been replaced with silicon nanocrystals formed and deposited as an aerosol. The device was produced using state-of-the-art industrial fabrication facilities. It was a good demonstration of the potential of aerosol nanotechnology in microelectronic device architecture while minimizing the departures from present device synthesis technology. Professor Peter McMurry summarized some of the state-of-the-art nanoparticle measuring instruments used in atmospheric studies. These instruments included the ultrane condensation particle counter with pulse height analysis technique and the electrical mobility classier, which made possible the routine measurement of aerosol size distributions for particles down to 3 nm. Size distributions of sub-10-nm particles showed that nucleation occurred occasionally at many sites, for example, St. Louis and Atlanta, where new particles were formed in the atmosphere at rates that were orders of magnitude higher than predicted by theories. These high rates of particle formation and growth suggested that nucleation might be a signicant source of atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei. Professor Mansoo Choi covered the topics of control method for nanoparticle generation and growth in ames, and modeling techniques for non-spherical nanoparticles growth. He demonstrated that laser irradiation in a particle generating ame could control the size, morphology, and crystalline phase of various nanoparticles. He showed that titania nanoparticles synthesized by this method could be pressurelessly sintered to become a full dense bulk nanocrystalline ceramic with an average grain size of 60 nm. He also

573 talked about newly developed modeling methods for the growth of aggregate nanoparticles. Professor Kikuo Okuyama reported a new aerosol decomposition process for the continuous synthesis of nanoparticles with adjustable sizes, narrow size distributions, and high crystallinity. Salt microreactors were utilized in gas-phase to produce desired nanoparticles. He also showed that as-synthesized nanoparticles have signicantly improved properties such as superior optical emission characteristics. Dr. Hung-Min Chein reviewed health risk effects of nanoparticles. He emphasized that number concentration of nanoparticles would be a more appropriate measure than mass concentration, which has been usually regulated. He showed results on nanoparticle removal techniques such as lters, electrostatic precipitator, and particle trapping devices. The poster presentations covered a broad range of topics from analysis of heat, mass transfer, and particle dynamics in a ame to measurement methodologies and applications. Several strategic connections were made at the meeting, especially among young researchers, which will lead to future collaborations between the participants from Europe, US, and Asia.