Chapter 2 Section 2 – “Egyptian Civilization”

I. Egyptian Religion
A. Chief ______________ and ________________________
1. Sun god (______________) was _____________ god
2. Osiris- ruled over ________________________________
a.) He controlled annual flood that made the lands ________
3. Isis – believed to have taught women to _________________, spin flax,
______________, and ________________________
4. Gods promised the faithful that ____________________________
B. A religious rebel
1. Pharaoh Akhenaton
a.) Challenged __________________________ of Amon-Re
b.) Worshipped Aton (____________________)
c.) Ordered priests to ___________________________________
d.) Scholars __________________________________________
II. Belief in the After-life
A. A Fateful Test
1. Egyptians believed each soul had to _______________________ to win
eternal life
2. ____________________ ferried across lake of fire to hall of Osiris
3. Osiris weighed dead person’s heart against ___________________
4. Worthy souls entered happy field of flood where they lived forever.
5. Relied on the __________________________________________
a.) contained _______________, _____________, and formulas for
the dead to use in the ____________________________
b.) These scrolls have given modern scholars a wealth of info about
Egyptian _______________ and _________________
B. Mummification: buried dead with everything they would need for eternity
1. Mummification: _______________________________________
a.) Embalmers extracted brain of dead person through the nostrils and
removed most of their ____________________________
b.) __________________________________________________
c.) At first was just for _______________ and _______________
C. Evidence of the Tomb of Tutankhamen
1. In 1922 unearthed a ____________ of pharaoh Tutankhamen
a.) Almost ________________________________________
b.) __________________ and ________________ have provided a
wealth of information about Egyptian civilization
2. Body of 18 year old King Tut was placed in solid ______________
a.) Objects included _______________, weapons, furniture,
_______________, toys, __________, and ___________
III. Egyptian society – class system
A. Life of the Farmer
1. Most Egyptians were _________________________________
 2. In the off-season peasant men served _____________ (built
_________________, ____________, and ____________)
B. Social Change
1. During the New Kingdom, society grew more fluid as ________ and
________________ increased
2. Foreign conquests brought ____________________________ (more
business for artisans)
C. Women
1. Egyptian women had a ________________ than women elsewhere
2. Women’s work not ______________________________________
3. Few women learned to _____________ and _________________
IV. Egyptian Learning – scribes played a central role in _____________________
A. Written Records
1. Hieroglyphics – ________________________________________
a.) Priests and scribes ___________________________________
b.) Egyptians added ideograms – ______________ that symbolized an
idea or an action
c.) They later developed demotic: _________________________
__________________________________________________
d.) Used papyrus – _____________________________________
B. The Rosetta Stone
1. In early 1800s French scholar Jean Champollion unraveled the
mysterious writings on Egypt’s _________________________
2. He decoded the _____________________________________
3. Scholars could read thousands of ancient Egyptian records.
C. Advances in Medicine and Science
1. A vast knowledge in fields such as ________________, astronomy, and
_____________________
2. Doctors performed complex _____________________________
3. Many medicines that Egyptians doctors prescribed are still used
4. Developed a calendar with ______ months (each with 30 days) and 5
days added to the ______________________
5. Developed ___________________________
V. Arts and Literature
A. Painting and Sculpture
1. Arts included _______________, wall paintings in tombs, and
______________________
2. Erected ____________________________________________
B. Egyptian literature
1. Hymns and prayers to the gods, proverbs, and love poems
2. Also tell of victories in battle and practical advice