DEPRESSANT DRUGS

DEPRESSANT DRUGS (DOWNERS) This drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of brain or central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing, speech, and masculine coordination. They pull the minds slow down the body reactions to such an extent that accidental deaths, and or suicidal usually happen. They include the narcotics barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol and other volatile solvents. These drugs, when taken in, generally decrease both mental and physical activities of the body. They cause depression, relieve pain and induce sedition or sleep and suppress cough.

Types of depressant drugs

1. NARCOT CS The term nar!ot"! ( nrktk , from ancient !reek "#$% nark, &' benumb&( originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with any sleep)inducing properties. *n the +nited ,tates it has since become associated with opioids, commonly morphine and heroin and their derivatives, such as hydrocodone. The term is, today, imprecisely defined and typically has negative connotations, -hen used in a legal context in the +.,., anarcotic drug is simply one that is totally prohibited, or one that is used in violation of strict governmental regulation, such as heroin or morphine. .rom a pharmacological standpoint it is not a useful term, as is evidenced by the fact that spirit and wine are classified differently due to their intoxicating power/ while the narcotic principle to opium and tobacco imparts similar properties. *n popular language, alcohol is classed among the stimulants/ and opium and tobacco among the narcotics/ which are substances whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce torpor and insensibility/ but taken in small quantities they at first exhilarate. 0nd since alcohol does the same, most medical writers, at the present day, class it among the narcotics.

Onset and durat"on of a!t"on of nar!ot"! drugs

C#ASS $ %EC&AN S% O' ACT ON DOS NG GU DE# NES( ( AD% N STRAT ON) ONSET) PEA* E''ECT) AND DURAT ON O' ACT ON

1nset9 ; min 1pioid narcotic (2inds to opioid receptors in the 34,(

0dults 56 ) 78 years of age9 :; ) ;<mg incremental doses to a max dose of 5;<mg =lderly (> 7;(9 :;mg incremental doses to a max dose of ?;mg. The elderly are more susceptible to 34, depression. The elderly are also more susceptible to seizures fromnor)meperidine accumulation, a metabolite of meperidine, as a result of reduced renal function in the elderly.

@eak =ffect9 5 hour Auration of 0ction9 : ) 8 hours

1pioid narcotic (2inds to opioid receptors in the 34,(.

0dults 56 ) 78 years of age9 : ) 8mg incremental doses every ; minutes up to a max dose of 5< ) :<mg =lderly (> 7;(9 5 ) :mg incremental doses every ; minutes up to a max dose of 5<mg. The elderly are more susceptible to 34, depression with opioid narcotic drugs.

1nset9 : ) B min @eak =ffect9 :< min Auration of 0ction9 : ) 8 hours.

STREET NA%ES O' NARCOT C DRUGS

,mack, Corse, Dud, 2rown sugar, Eunk, 2lack tar, and 2ig C) @ectoral syrup, @aregoric, AoverFs @owder, @arepectolin) =mpirin, compound with codeine, Tylenol with codeine, 3odeine in cough medicine) @ethidine, Aemerol, Depergan) ,ynthetic heroin, 3hina white.

%ED CA# E''ECT O' NARCOT C DRUGS

4arcotic are powerful habits forming drugs that temporarily dull the senses and produce sleep. They are so named because many of them produce narcosis or sleep. 4arcotics are highly addictive. These are also known as psychotropic drugs. ,ome examples of narcotics are opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, G,A (Gysergic acid diethylamide( and marijuana. Some of the adverse medical effects of narcotics are given below: 1. Narcotic drugs damage the nervous system. 2. Narcotic drugs have adverse effects on vision, hearing and the cardiovascular system. 3. Overdoses of narcotics can cause death.

4. se of narcotics leads to s!read of "#$S virus when an infected addict shares needles with and uninfected addict. %. $rug addicts have !oor social relations and are sometimes res!onsible for many unlawful activities. $rug addicts commit crimes to get money for !urchasing drugs, which are available at very high !rices. &. $rug addicts have generally very !oor health. 'hey do not eat well.

W T&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' NARCOT C DRUGS

,"t-dra,a. sy/pto/s "n!.ude0

Gow energy, *rritability, 0nxiety, 0gitation, *nsomnia Hunny nose, Teary eyes Cot and cold sweats, !oose bumps Iawning Duscle aches and pains 0bdominal cramping, 4ausea, Jomiting, Aiarrhea

S DE E''ECT O' T&E 1OD+2 D SAD(ANTAGES O' T&E A1USE O' NARCO C DRUGS

CO%%ON S DE E''ECT O' NARCOT C DRUGS

4arcotics are medications used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. They may be used for chronic pain, illness or for pain management after a surgical procedure. Dany narcotic medications are mixed with other medications, such as acetaminophen for strong pain relief. 4arcotic analgesics act in the central nervous system (34,( to relieve pain, states the Dayo 3linic. There are some common side effects of narcotic drugs that users should be aware of. 1. D"33"ness and Dro,s"ness Iou may experience dizziness and drowsiness while taking a narcotic medication. ,ome users may also feel lightheaded. These side effects should lessen over time as your body adjusts to the medication. Taking your medication with food may lessen these side effects. Iou should use caution while driving or operating hazardous machinery until you know how your medication will affect you. *f these side effects persist, and you are unable to complete daily activities, speak to your health care provider. ,ponsored Ginks 0cupuncturist in Danila 3hina Trained in T3D 0cupuncture Kuezon 3ity, the .ort, @asigwww.acupuncture.net.ph 2.Nausea and Vomiting 4ausea and vomiting are common side effects of narcotics. Iou should take your medication with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal effects. *t is possible that after taking your medication for a few days, your nausea and vomiting will subside. This occurs as your body adjusts to your medicine.

,mall dietary changes may influence these side effects. The avoidance of spicy or fatty foods and the consumption of smaller meals, spaced throughout the day, may help relieve nausea and vomiting. *f you experience severe vomiting, however, contact your physician. Iou may be at risk for becoming dehydrated. Iour doctor may alter your medication regimen. 3.Headache and Fatigue Ceadache and fatigue are common side effects of narcotic medications. Iou may feel more sleepy and weak than usual. Ceadache and fatigue should diminish over time as your body adjusts to your medication. 4.Tolerance and Addiction Tolerance and addiction may occur as a side effect of narcotic use. -hen narcotics are used for a long time, your body might get used to them and need larger amounts to relieve pain, reports the Dayo 3linic. This is known as &tolerance.& The longer you take your medication, the higher the likelihood that you will develop tolerance. .urther, some people become addicted to narcotic pain medication. Iou are more likely to develop an addiction to your medication if you have had a problem with medication addiction in the past. *f you feel you might be developing tolerance or an addiction to your medication, speak to your health care provider. The earlier you recognize the problem, the easier it will be to resolve. 5 Constipation Iou may experience constipation while taking narcotic medications. These drugs slow your gastrointestinal tract, making it easier for you to become constipated. Try adding additional fruits, vegetables and fiber into your diet and drinking at least eight to 5< glasses of water each day. These dietary changes may help relieve constipation. *f these changes do not alleviate constipation, ask your physician if you can take an over)the)counter stool softener, such as 3olace, for relief.

4. OP U%
Op"u/ (poppy tears, lachryma papaveris( is the dried latex obtained from the opium

poppy (Papaver somniferum(. 1pium contains approximately 5:L morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The latex also includes the alkaloid codeine and its similarly structured cousin thebaine. *t also contains non) analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine andnoscapine. The traditional, labor)intensive, method of obtaining the latex is to scratch (&score&( the immature seed pods (fruits( by hand/ the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off, and dehydrated. The word &meconium& (derived from the !reek for &opium)like&, but now used to refer to infant stools( historically referred to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the poppy or different species of poppies. M5N The production of opium itself has not changed since ancient times. Through selective breeding of the Papaver somniferum plant, the content of the phenanthrene alkaloids morphine, codeine, and to a lesser extent thebaine, has been greatly increased. *n modern times, much of the thebaine, which often serves as the raw material for the synthesis for hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and other semi) synthetic opiates, originates from extracting Papaver orientale or Papaver bracteatum. 1pium for illegal use is often converted into heroin, which is less bulky, making it easier to smuggle, and which multiplies its potency to approximately twice that of morphine. Ceroin can be taken orally, by intravenous injection, intranasally, or smoked (vaporized( and inhaled.

Co//on street na/es of op"u/

A-bomb Ah-pen-yen Aunti Aunti Emma Back jack Big O Black Black hash Black pill Black ussian Black stu!! Buddha $handoo%chandu $hillum $hinese molasses $hinese tobacco $hocolate $ru' ()panish* ,opium ,o-er.s deck ,o-er.s powder ,ream gun ,ream stick ,reams Easing powder

Marijuana cigarette with heroin or opium Opium Opium Opium Injecting opium; to inject a drug Opium Marijuana; opium; methamphetamine Opium mixed with hashish Opium pill Opium mixed with hashish "eroin; opium #otent marijuana spiked with opium Opium An object used to smoke opium& hashish& and marijuana Opium Opium Marijuana; opium; amphetamine Opium !rom +eracru'& Mexico Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium

/i-do-nie 0ee 0od.s medicine 0oma ()panish* 0ondola 0ong 0oric 0reat tobacco 0um 0uma "ard stu!! "ocus "op%hops Indonesian bud 1oy plant Midnight oil Mira ()panish* Mud O O2#2 Ope #en yan #in gon #in yen #ox )kee 3ar 3oxy 3oys 4hen-shee 5en )hee )uey

Opium Opium Opium Black tar heroin plus opium Opium Marijuana; opium Opium Opium Opium; methylenedioxymethamphetamine (M,MA* Opium "eroin; opium Marijuana; opium Opium Marijuana; opium Opium Opium Opium "eroin plus opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium Opium $rack and heroin smoked together; heroin; opium Opium Opium Opium Opium wine

6e 6ero

Opium Opium

%ED CA# E''ECT O' OP U%

1pium was commonly used as an analgesic until the development of morphine. Dorphine continues to be prescribed for relief of severe pain, but fears of its addictive potential have limited its use. Gaudanum was used in the 56<<s to promote sleep and alleviate pain/ codeine suppresses coughing/ paregoric stops diarrhea. Dedicinal opiates were freely available in the +nited ,tates and =urope in the 5Oth cent., and the number of addicted people surged as a result. S DE E''ECT O' T&E 1OD+2 D SAD(ANTAGES O' A1USE O' PU% This includes9

severe constipation, bloating, stomach cramps/ urinating less than usual or not at all/ fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeats/ feeling like you might pass out/ weak or shallow breathing/ or seizure (convulsions(.

Gess serious side effects of opium may include9

upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite/ constipation/ dizziness, drowsiness, feeling tired or restless/ increased sweating/ or warmth, redness, or tingly feeling under your skin

W T&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' OP U%

Symptoms o !pium "ithdra"al The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources for 1pium withdrawalincludes the 55 symptoms listed below9 4ausea ,weating 3ramps

Jomiting Aiarrhea Goss of appetite 0nxiety Dood swings *nsomnia Aepression Twitching muscles

5. %ORP& NE
a white crystalline alkaloid derived from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, the source of its principal pharmacologic activity. Dorphine acts on the central nervous system to produce both depression and euphoric stimulation, effects that are mediated through its stimulation of mu opioid receptors. ,timulation of mu receptors exerts effects that depress nerve impulse transmission. =ven in small amounts morphine depresses the respiratory system. Du receptorsF activation in some instances inhibits the transmission of inhibitory impulses, thereby causing stimulation. =xamples of this include the euphoric response and constriction of the pupils by the third cranial nerve. Dorphine has a marked analgesic effect because of its stimulation of mu receptors in both the brain and spinal cord, and its principal therapeutic value is for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Dorphine rarely provides total relief of pain, but in most cases it reduces the level of suffering. @atients with severe pain may become drowsy and relaxed but seldom achieve the sensation of euphoria associated with use of the drug. Dorphine is often given parenterally because its rapid absorption following oral administration is followed by rapid first)pass metabolism to an inactive glucuronide (oral bioavailability ranges from 5?L to BBL(. Hepeated use of morphine leads to tolerance, necessitating increased dosage levels to get the same degree of pain relief.

0n analgesic and narcotic drug, 35?C5O41B, obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve pain.
Dorphine is an opioid pain medication. 0n opioid is sometimes called a narcotic.p> Dorphine is used to treat moderate to severe pain. ,hort)acting forumations are taken as needed for pain. =xtended)release morphine is for use when around)the)clock pain relief is needed. %orp-"ne (*44( ( mrfin / %S Cont"n, %S R, A6"n3a, *ad"an, Ora/orp-, Ro7ano., *apano.( is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. *t was first isolated in 56<8 by .riedrich ,ertPrner, which is generally believed to be the first ever isolation of a natural plant alkaloidin history. *t was first distributed by him in 565?/ and first commercially sold by Derck in 56:?, which at the time was a single small chemistsF shop. *t was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic needle in 56;?. ,ertPrner originally named the substance morphium after the !reek god of dreams Dorpheus (!reek9 ( for its tendency to cause sleep. ONSET AND DURAT ON O' ACT ON O' %ORP& NE

. *ts duration of analgesia is about BQ8 hours when administered via the intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular route and BQ7 hours when given by mouth.

CO%%ON STREET NA%ES O' %ORP& NE

Auramorph, D, Diss =mma, Donkey, Hoxanol and -hite ,tuff.

%ED CA# E''ECT O' %ORP& NE

Dorphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. *t is also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and for labor pains. There are however concerns that morphine may increase mortality in the setting of non ,T elevation myocardial infarction. Dorphine has also traditionally been used in the treatment of the acute pulmonary edema 0 :<<7 review however found little evidence to support this practice. *mmediate release morphine is beneficial in reducing the symptom of acute shortness of breath due to both cancer and non)cancer causes. *n the setting of breathlessness at rest or on minimal exertion from conditions such as advanced cancer or end)stage cardio)respiratory diseases, regular, low)dose sustained release morphine significantly reduces breathlessness safely, with its benefits maintained over time. *ts duration of analgesia is about BQ8 hours when administered via the intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular route and BQ7 hours when given by mouth. Dorphine is also used in slow release formulations for opiate substitution therapy (1,T( in 0ustria, 2ulgaria, and ,lovenia, for addicts who cannot tolerate the side effects of using either methadone or buprenorphine, or for addicts who are &not held& by buprenorphine or methadone. *t is used for 1,T in many parts of =urope although on a limited basis. S DE E''ECT O' T&E 1OD+2 D SAD(ANTAGES O' T&E A1USE O' %ORP& NE The most common side effects of morphine are thought to include9

4ausea and vomiting Gightheadedness Aizziness 0n unusual pleasant feeling (euphoria( ,weating Ceadaches

0nxiety 3onstipation W T&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' %ORP& NE

3essation of dosing with morphine creates the prototypical opioid withdrawal syndrome, which, unlike that of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol, or sedative)hypnotics, is not fatal by itself in neurologically healthy patients without heart or lung problems. 0cute morphine along with and other opioid withdrawal proceeds through a number of stages. 1ther opioids differ in the intensity and length of each, and weak opioids and mixed agonist)antagonists may have acute withdrawal syndromes that do not reach the highest level. 0s commonly cited they are9

Stage 9 ,ix to fourteen hours after last dose9 Arug craving, anxiety, irritability, perspiration, and mild to moderate dysphoria. Stage 9 .ourteen to eighteen hours after last dose9 Iawning, heavy perspiration, mild depression, lacrimation, crying, running nose, dysphoria, also intensification of the above symptoms. &yen sleep& (a waking trance)like state(Mclarification neededN Stage 9 ,ixteen to twenty)four hours after last dose9 Hhinorrhea (runny nose( and increase in other of the above, dilated pupils, piloerection (goose bumps(, muscle twitches, hot flashes, cold flashes, aching bones and muscles, loss of appetite and the beginning of intestinal cramping. Stage (9 Twenty)four to thirty)six hours after last dose9 *ncrease in all of the above including severe cramping and involuntary leg movements (&kicking the habit&(, loose stool, insomnia, elevation of blood pressure, moderate elevation in body temperature, increase in frequency of breathing and tidal volume, tachycardia (elevated pulse(, restlessness, nausea Stage (9 Thirty)six to seventy)two hours after last dose9 *ncrease in the above, fetal position, vomiting, free and frequent liquid diarrhea, which sometimes can accelerate the time of passage of food from mouth to out of system to an hour or less, weight loss of two to five kilos per :8 hours, increased white cell count and other blood changes. Stage ( 9 0fter completion of above9 Hecovery of appetite (&the chucks&(, and normal bowel function, beginning of transition to post)acute and chronic symptoms that are mainly psychological but that may also include increased sensitivity to pain, hypertension, colitis or other gastrointestinal afflictions related to motility, and problems with weight control in either direction.

The withdrawal symptoms associated with morphine addiction are usually experienced shortly before the time of the next scheduled dose, sometimes within as early as a few hours (usually between 7Q5: hours( after the last administration. =arly symptoms include watery eyes, insomnia, diarrhea, runny nose, yawning, dysphoria, sweating and in some cases a strong drug craving. ,evere headache, restlessness, irritability, loss of appetite, body aches, severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, tremors, and even stronger and more intense drug craving appear as the ome progresses. ,evere depression and vomiting are very common. Auring the acute withdrawal period systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase, usually beyond pre)morphine levels, and heart rate increases, M:8N which have potential to cause a heart attack, blood clot, or stroke.

8. &ERO N
Ceroin is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting opium derivatives. -ith continued use, addicting occurs within 58 days. *t may be sniffed on swallowed but is usually injected in veins. &ero"n (d"a!ety./orp-"ne or /orp-"ne d"a!etate (*44((, also known as d"a/orp-"ne (204(, and colloquially as &, s/a!9, -orse,:ro,n, :.a!9, tar, and other names, is an opioid analgesic synthesized by 3.H. 0lder -right in 56?8 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine, found in the opium poppy. *t is the B,7)diacetyl ester of morphine. Ceroin itself is an active drug, but it is also converted into morphine in the body. ONSET O' DURAT ON AND ACT ON O' &ERO N Gike morphine, the duration of action of heroin is approximately 8 to 7 hours. Thus, addicts must take the drug several times a day to prevent the appearance of -*TCAH0-0G signs2 STREET NA%ES O' &ERO N ,treet names for heroin include9 &smack,& &C,& &skag,& and &junk.& 2lanco, brown, sugar, %ED CA# E''ECT O' &ERO N +nder the chemical name diamorphine, diacetylmorphine is prescribed as a strong analgesic in the +nited Ringdom, where it is given via subcutaneous,intramuscular, intrathecal or intravenous route. *ts use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post)surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end)stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. *t is also used as a maintenance drug to treat certain groups of addicts, normally long term chronic *J heroin users, and even in these situations it is only prescribed following exhaustive efforts at treatment via other means. *t is thought that heroin users can walk into a clinic and walk out with a prescription but the process takes many weeks before a prescription for Aiacetylmorphine is issued. Though this is somewhat controversial among proponents of a zero tolerance drug policy, it has proven superior to methadone in improving the social and health situation of addicts. S DE E''ECT O' T&E 1OD+2 D SAD(ANTAGES O' T&E A1USE O' &ERO N S-ort;Ter/ Effe!ts ,hortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having &heavy& arms and legs. 0fter the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called &on the nod.&

2ecause heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences &cloudy& mental function. +sers will begin to breathe at a slower rate and their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. #ong;Ter/ Effe!ts Hepeated and chronic heroin users who fail to use sterile technique or share equipment will begin to experience the long)term effects of such practices9 *nfection of the heart lining and valves, normally due to lack of sterile technique. Giver disease ) approximately ?<)6<L of new hepatitis 3 infections in the +.,. each year are the result of injection drug use, and even sharing snorting straws has been linked to hepatitis transmission. Ridney disease. @ulmonary complications, which are often infection related ,kin infections and abscesses, especially among chronic injectors who suffer scarred or collapsed veins W T&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' &ERO N The withdrawal syndrome from heroin (the so)called &cold turkey&( may begin within 7 to :8 hours of discontinuation of the drug/ however, this time frame can fluctuate with the degree of tolerance as well as the amount of the last consumed dose. ,ymptoms may include9 sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, akathisia, priapism, extra sensitivity of the genitals in females, general feeling of heaviness, excessive yawning or sneezing, tears, rhinorrhea, sleep difficulties (insomnia(, cold sweats, chills, severe muscle and bone aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, watery eyes, fever and cramp)like pains and involuntary spasms in the limbs (thought to be an origin of the term &kicking the habit.&

<. CODE NE
0 derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations. These cough medicines have been widely abused by youth whenever hard narcotics are difficult to obtain. -ithdrawal symptoms are less severe than other drugs. Code"ne or 5;/et-y./orp-"ne (a natural isomer of methylated morphine( is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal,antihypertensive, anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative and hypno tic properties. *t is also used to suppress premature labor contractions, myocardial infarction, and has many other potential and indicated uses. 3odeine is the second)most predominant alkaloid in opium, at up to three percent. 0lthough codeine can be extracted from natural sources, a semi) synthetic process is the primary source of codeine for pharmaceutical use. *t is considered the prototype of the weak to midrange opioids (tramadol, dextropropoxyphene, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone(.

ONSET O' DURAT ON AND ACT ON O' CODE NE

;Pa"n Adu.ts0 5; to 7< mg @.1. or 5; to 7< mg (phosphate( *.D., *.J., or subcutaneously q 8 to 7 hours. +sual daily dosage is B< mg/ maximum daily dosage is B7< mg. C-".dren ages 1 and o.der0 <.; mg kg or 5; mg m: @.1., *.D., or subcutaneously q 8 to 7 hours

;CougAdu.ts0 5< to :< mg @.1. q 8 to 7 hours as needed. AonFt exceed 5:< mg day. C-".dren ages = to 140 ; to 5< mg @.1. q 8 to 7 hours as needed. AonFt exceed 7< mg day. C-".dren ages 4 to =0 :.; to ; mg @.1. q 8 to 7 hours as needed. AonFt exceed B< mg day. STREET NA%ES O' CODE NE )3ody )3aptain 3ody ),chool boy

%ED CA# E''ECT O' CODE NE

3odeine is used to treat mild to moderate pain and to relieve cough. 3odeine is also used to treat diarrhea and diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome, although loperamide (which is available 1T3 for milder diarrhea(, diphenoxylate, paregoric or even laudanum (also known as incture of !pium( are more frequently used to treat severe diarrhea.

S DE E''ECT O' T&E 1OD+2 D SAD(ANTAGES O' T&E A1USE O' CODE NE
3ommon adverse effects associated with the use of codeine include drowsiness and constipation. Gess common are euphoria, itching, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, miosis, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, depression, and, paradoxically, coughing. Hare adverse effects include anaphylaxis, seizure, and respiratory depression. 0s with all opiates, longer)term effects can vary but can include diminished libido, apathy and memory loss. ,ome people may also have an allergic reaction to codeine, such as the swelling of skin and rashes.

W T&DRAWA# S+%TO%S O' CODE NE

-ithdrawal symptoms include9 Arug craving, runny nose, yawning, sweating, insomnia, weakness, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle spasms, chills, irritability, and pain.

=. 1AR1 TURATES
0re drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety. Dental stress, and insomnia. They are also of value in the treatment of epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules, pills or tablets, and taken orally or injected.