TALLER INGLES

Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

En Venezuela, la tradicin educativa del ingls como lengua extranjera por mucho tiempo ha sido reverente a los mtodos y diseos ingleses y estadounidenses de enseanza del ingls. Segn Chela-Flores (2001) muchos de estos programas dan poca prioridad a la instruccin de algunos componentes lingsticos esenciales en las primeras etapas de sus programas sugeridos, limitando el acceso a estos conocimientos lingsticos a estudiantes de niveles de ms avanzada instruccin. Estos diseos, producidos bajo la visin de un contexto ajeno al nuestro, no se identifican con nuestras prioridades nacionales y/o locales. La enseanza del ingles desde la visin inglesa o estadounidense slo ofrece una versin mono-lingstica. Se trata de una educacin prescriptiva diseada por un equipo de educadores que pertenecen a un contexto distinto y a menudo ignoran el contexto lingstico y social de los estudiantes.

Paulo Freire (1988) sostuvo que la educacin deba basarse en su contexto y que era ste la herramienta misma de la educacin. Por lo tanto, esta propuesta pretende contextualizar al mximo el conocimiento del ingls a travs de su adaptacin a nuestro contexto lingstico (el espaol), prctico y social.

Esta propuesta instruccional es descriptivista, metalingstica y contrastante del ingls - espaol con fines especficos e instrumentales que se deriva de experiencias profesionales docentes en la Misin Sucre, especficamente con el Programa Nacional de Formacin en Electricidad. El trmino contrastante se refiere al acuado por James (1992) cuando propuso el aprendizaje del idioma a travs del anlisis contrastante entre la lengua materna y la lengua que se desea aprender. El nuevo formato de la educacin venezolana toma como premisa que el individuo debe ser partcipe y no objeto de su
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

educacin. Se presenta aqu una nocin bsica fundamental para entrenar de manera prctica a los misioneros de Sucre para la interpretacin de la lengua inglesa escrita en la contingencia de sus vidas profesionales. Los facilitadores tendrn la tarea individual, indita y permanente de adaptar la manera y orden en que se llevar a cabo la asesora de este taller. Sin embargo, el orden sugerido ha sido adaptado de manera progresiva estratgicamente. Adems de esto, en las zonas venezolanas donde prevalezcan idiomas nativos distintos al espaol, deber versionarse esta propuesta y ajustarse al entendimiento propio de la lengua de cada caso.

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

CONTENIDO
UNIDAD I
LA ORACIN VERBO TO BE PRESENTE SIMPLE PRESENTE SIMPLE CON EL VERBO TO BE ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVO Formato comparativo de adjetivos cortos Formato comparativo de adjetivos largos Formato comparativo de adjetivos excepcionales

SUPERLATIVO Formato superlativo de adjetivos cortos Formato superlativo de adjetivos largos Formato superlativo de adjetivos excepcionales

UNIDAD II
VERBO TO BE EN PASADO PASADO SIMPLE ADVERBIOS

UNIDAD III
SUFIJO ING VERBOS CON TERMINACIN ING ADJETIVOS CON TERMINACIN ING SUSTANTIVOS CON TERMINACIN ING
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD IV
PRESENTE PERFECTO

UNIDAD V
VOZ PASIVA

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD I
LA ORACIN
La oracin es la expresin mnima de comunicacin. Esencialmente, la oracin consta de Sujeto (S) y Verbo (V). El Complemento (C) es otra parte importante de la oracin, aunque no debe necesariamente estar presente.

El sujeto (S) de una oracin es el sustantivo o persona de quien se habla. En una oracin, puede describirse al sujeto como ente, o puede describirse la accin del sujeto como actor.

Por ejemplo: Sonia est cansada (descripcin del estado de Sonia) Sonia trabaja (se describe la accin de Sonia)

Los verbos (V) son palabras que expresan accin. Dentro de una oracin, el verbo se conjuga de acuerdo al sujeto que lo ejecuta.

Ejemplo: Ella lee S V Ella lee un libro S V C Ella libro S C Lee libro V C (oracin) (oracin)

(no es oracin)

(no es oracin)

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

VERBO TO BE
Es el verbo ingls que sintetiza el significado de los verbos ser y estar en espaol. En presente, se manifiesta en tres formas diferentes (AM IS ARE). La forma AM del verbo To Be es exclusiva para la primera persona singular (I). Su forma IS es exclusiva para la tercera persona singular (She, He y It). Su forma ARE es para la conjugacin con la segunda persona del singular (You) y con las tres personas del plural (We, You y They).

PRESENTE SIMPLE
Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que ocurren en el presente con regularidad determinada. La conjugacin de verbos en el presente simple solo vara para

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

la tercera persona singular (She, He y It) y consiste en la presencia del sufijo ES/S (partcula agregada al final del verbo)

Ejemplo:

Oraciones: Juan workS everyday (Juan trabaja todos los das) They study everyday (Ellos estudian todos los das) Interrogaciones: Does Juan work everyday? (Trabaja Juan todos los das?) Aux Does Do they study everyday? (Estudian ellos todos los das?) Aux Do

PRESENTE SIMPLE CON VERBO TO BE

Cuando se usa el verbo To Be en presente simple, este tiempo sirve para describir la existencia o condicin del sujeto. Usualmente, se utilizan adjetivos para hacer dicha descripcin.

ADJETIVOS
Los adjetivos son palabras que sirven para describir la existencia o condicin del sujeto de una oracin.

Ejemplo: Oraciones: The machine is on (la mquina est encendida)

The machine is small (la mquina es pequea) Interrogaciones:

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Is the machine on?

(Est la mquina encendida?)

Is the machine small? (Es la mquina pequea?)

Ntese como en la traduccin al espaol de los ejemplos anteriores, el verbo TO BE significa SER y ESTAR respectivamente.

COMPARATIVO Los adjetivos, adems de usarse para describir a un sujeto determinado, tambin sirven para comparar a dos individuos u objetos. A esto se denomina forma comparativa de los adjetivos. Existe una manifestacin comparativa para los adjetivos cortos (menos de tres slabas), otra para los adjetivos largos (de tres slabas en adelante) y otra manifestacin para algunos adjetivos excepcionales.

FORMATO COMPARATIVO DE ADJETIVOS CORTOS Es identificable por la presencia del sufijo ER (partcula agregada al final del adjetivo) y la palabra THAN despus del adjetivo

Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is biggER THAN machine B (la mquina A es mas grande que la mquna B) Interrogacin: Is Machine A biggER THAN machine B? (Es la mquina A ms grande que la mquina B?)

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

FORMATO COMPARATIVO DE ADJETIVOS LARGOS Es identificable por la palabra MORE (ms) precediendo al adjetivo y la palabra THAN siguindolo.

Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is MORE expensive THAN machine B (La mquina A es ms costosa que la mquina B) Interrogacin: Is machine A MORE expensive THAN machine B? (Es la mquina A ms costosa que la mquina B?)

FORMATO COMPARATIVO DE ADJETIVOS EXCEPCIONALES Algunos adjetivos son excepcionales y se manifiestan de manera completamente distinta cuando se trata de comparaciones.

Adjetivo Good Bad Little Much

Significado Bueno(a) Malo(a) Poco(a) Mucho(a)

Formato Comparativo Better Worse Less More

Significado Mejor Peor Menos Ms

Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is better than machine B (La mquina A es mejor que la mquia B)
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Interrogacin: Is machine A better than machine B? (Es la mquina A mejor que la mquina B?)

Existe otro formato de comparacin que, a diferencia del recin explicado, expresa igualdad entre los individuos u objetos comparados. Este formato se reconoce por la presencia de la palabra AS antes y despus del adjetivo.

Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is AS good AS machine B (La mquina A es tan buena como la mquina B) Interrogacin: Is machine A AS good AS machine B? (Es la mquina A tan buena como la mquina B?) Ntese como la palabra AS significa tan y como respectivamente en la comparacin

SUPERLATIVO Adems de la comparacin, los adjetivos manifiestan la funcin superlativa. Esta funcin expresa la superioridad de un individuo u objeto dentro de un grupo. La forma superlativa de los adjetivos se manifiesta de tres maneras. Dos de estas formas estn relacionadas con la longitud de cada adjetivo. Existe una manifestacin superlativa para los adjetivos cortos (menos de tres silabas), otra para los adjetivos largos (de tres silabas en adelante) y otra manifestacin para algunos adjetivos excepcionales

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

FORMATO SUPERLATIVO DE ADJETIVOS CORTOS El superlativo se manifiesta con la presencia del artculo THE antecediendo al adjetivo y el sufijo EST (partcula agregada al final del adjetivo) Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is THE BiggEST in the factory (La mquina A es la ms grande de la fbrica) Interrogacin: Is Machine A THE biggEST in the factory? (Es La mquina A la ms grande de la fbrica?) Ntese como la maquina B no es mencionada en este ejemplo.

FORMATO SUPERLATIVO DE ADJETIVOS LARGOS Es identificable por las palabras THE MOST (el/la ms) precediendo al adjetivo. Ejemplo: Oracin: Machine A is THE MOST expensive in the factory (La mquina A es la ms costosa de la fbrica) Interrogacin: Is Machine A THE MOST expensive in the factory? (Es la mquina A la ms costosa de la fbrica?) Ntese como la maquina B no es mencionada en este ejemplo.

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

FORMATO SUPERLATIVO DE ADJETIVOS EXCEPCIONALES Algunos adjetivos son excepcionales y se manifiestan de manera completamente distinta cuando se trata de comparaciones.

Adjetivo Good Bad Little Much

Significado Bueno(a) Malo(a) Poco(a) Mucho(a)

Formato Superlativo the Best the Worst the Least the Most

Significado el/la(s) Mejor(es) el/la(s) Peor(es) el/la(s) Menor(es) el/la(s) Ms

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Adjetivos Igualdad Dirty Clean Strong Weak Opinin Simple Complex As dirty as As clean as As strong as As weak as As simple as As complex as As useful as As useless as As wet as As dry as As big as As small as As hot as As cold as As long as As large as As short as As safe as As dangerous as As thick as As thin as As rough

Comparativo Inferioridad Superioridad Less dirty than Less clean than Less strong than Less weak than Less simple than Less complex than Less useful than Less useless than Less wet than Less dry than Less big than Less small than Less hot than Less cold than Less long than Less large than Less short than Less safe than Less dangerous than Less thick than Less thin than Less rough Dirtier than Cleanest than Stronger than Weaker than Simpler than More complex than More useful than More useless than Wetter than Dryer than Bigger than Smaller than Hotter than Colder than Longer than Larger than Shorter than Safer than More dangerous than Thicker than Thinner than Rougher

Superlativo Superioridad Inferioridad The dirtiest The cleanest The strongest The weakest The simplest The most complex The most useful The most useless The wettest The driest The biggest The smallest The hottest The coldest The longest The largest The shortest The safest The most dangerous The thickest The thinnest The roughest The least dirty The least clean The least strong The least weak The least simple The least complex The least useful The least useless The least wet The least dry The least big The least small The least hot The least cold The least long The least large The least short The least safe The least dangerous The least thick The least thin The least

Useful Useless Wet Dry Big Small Hot Cold Cualidad Long Large Short Safe Dangerous

Thick Thin Rough

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Smooth

as As smooth as As fast as As young as As old as As white as As black as As green as As blue as As yellow as

Fast Young Old White Black Color Green Blue Yellow Venezuelan Asian Middle easter European US (American) Wooden Golden Metal Plastic Glass Material

than Less smooth than Less fast than Less young than Less old than Less white than Less black than Less green than Less blue than Less yellow than

than Smoother than Faster than Younger than Older than Whiter than Blacker than Greener than Bluer than More yellow than

The smoothest The fastest The youngest The oldest The whitest The blackest The greenest The bluest The most yellow

rough The least smooth The least fast The least young The least old The least white The least black The least green The least blue The least yellow

Origen

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD II
VERBO TO BE EN PASADO
Es el verbo ingls que sintetiza el significado de los verbos ser y estar en espaol. En pasado, se manifiesta en dos formas (WAS WERE). La forma WAS del verbo To Be es exclusiva para la primera y tercera persona singular (I, She, He, it). Su forma WERE es para la conjugacin con la segunda persona del singular (You) y con las tres personas del plural (We, You y They).

PASADO SIMPLE
Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado. La conjugacin de verbos en el pasado simple es nica para cada verbo (a excepcin del verbo To Be). Sin embargo, existen verbos regulares e irregulares (vea lista de ellos en glosario)
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

La forma pasada de los verbos regulares se constituye con la adicin de la partcula ED/D al final del verbo (sufijo)

Ejemplo: Oracin: Juan workED yesterday (Juan trabaj ayer verbo regular WORK)

Mara ate yesterday (Mara comi ayer verbo irregular EAT) Interrogacin: Did Juan work yesterday? (Trabaj Juan ayer?) Aux Did Did Mara eat yesterday? (Comi Mara ayer?) Aux Did

ADVERBIOS
As como los adjetivos funcionan para describir la existencia o estado de un sujeto, los adverbios funcionan para describir verbos, adjetivos y otros adverbios.

Ejemplo:

Pedro worked hard (Pedro trabaj dur) Adv: hard/duro modifica al verbo

Pedro is very tired (Pedro est muy cansado) Adv: very/muy modifica adj: cansado

Pedro woke up too late (Pedro se levant demasiado tarde) Adv: too/demasiado modifica adv: late/tarde que modifica al verbo.
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Consulte el siguiente cuadro de adverbios:

Adverbios: modifican al verbo, al adjetivo o a otro adverbio Grado Absolutely Almost Completely Deeply Enormously Entirely Equally Exactly Just Much Partly Perfectly Practically Rather Scarcely Very Modo easily Fast Intentionally Still Together Wrongly Carefully Equally Well Patiently Quietly Slowly Lugar above There Abroad Along Around Away Back Below Down In Somewhere Under Up Upstairs Frecuencia always Usually Sometimes Often Generally Hardly Rarely Seldom Never Tiempo Yesterday Today Tomorrow last Night / Week next month Year Afterwards Presently Shortly Still Soon

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD III
SUFIJO ING
Donde sea que se encuentre una palabra con la terminacin ING, se trata de un verbo modificado. Las palabras con la terminacin ING pueden tener diferente significado de acuerdo a su funcin dentro de la oracin.

VERBOS CON TERMINACIN ING Uno de los casos en los que se puede encontrar una palabra con terminacin ING es un tiempo progresivo. Los tiempos progresivos expresan acciones en proceso. La terminacin ING en estos casos representa la terminacin ENDO/ANDO de los verbos en tiempos progresivos en espaol. Al igual que en espaol, el verbo To Be (estar) debe estar presente para poder formar un tiempo verbal progresivo. Entonces para reconocer una palabra con terminacin ING en funcin verbal progresiva, debe verificarse la presencia del verbo TO BE precediendo a la palabra con ING.

Ejemplo:

The economy is growing (La economa est creciENDO)

Mara was connecting the wires (Mara estaba conectANDO los cables)

Workers will be organizing in cooperative associations.

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

(Los trabajadores estarn organizndose en asociaciones cooperativas)

ADJETIVOS CON TERMINACIN ING Otra funcin que una palabra con terminacin ING puede cumplir dentro de una oracin es la de adjetivo. Una palabra con terminacin ING que funcione como adjetivo necesariamente describe al sustantivo como actor mas no describe la accin.

Ejemplo:

The growing economy brings benefits to everyone (La creciENTE economa trae beneficios a todos)

The cooling system is damaged (El sistema de enfriamiENTO est daado)

The feeding cable is broken (el cable de alimentacin est roto)

SUSTANTIVOS CON TERMINACIN ING Otra funcin que las palabras con terminacin ING pueden tener en una oracin es la de sustantivo, y por ende, los usos que un sustantivo puede tener dentro de una oracin. Un sustantivo con terminacin ING puede ejercer funciones de sujeto, objeto directo, complemento del verbo To Be y como objeto de una preposicin. Cuando la funcin sea de sujeto, la palabra ING es de lo que se habla en la oracin. En el caso de objeto directo, la palabra ING es la afectada del verbo de la oracin. Al ser
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

complemento del verbo To Be, la palabra ING es equivalente al sujeto de la oracin. Y en el ltimo de los casos, la palabra con terminacin ING es antecedida por una preposicin.

Ejemplo: Repairing the machine is very difficult (Reparar la mquina es muy dificil) Repairing = Sujeto

Pedro finished repairing the machine (Pedro termino de reparar la mquina) Repairing = Objeto directo del V terminar

My specialty is repairing (Mi especialidad es la reparacin/ mi especialidad es reparar) Repairing = complemento del verbo To Be

Pedro cleaned the machine before repairing it (Pedro limpi la mquina antes de repararla) Repairing = objeto de Antes de

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Ms ejemplos de oraciones con palabras ING:

Understanding the use of ING words is not difficult

Washing machines do not spend much energy

Mr. Harris suggested analysing the problem

All the students are reading a book

You suggested decorating the house

The best job for Mr Jones is teaching Math

Reading a short story is a pleasure

Vehicles designed for speed are called racing cars

Many people enjoy studying chemistry

Surfing the internet is very common today

Diesel engines increase the temperature of the air by compressing it

John came to the exam without studying

To take an exam is answering several questions on a piece of paper

Receiving a letter from Santa Claus is impossible

The most basic skills today are reading and writing

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Consulte el siguiente cuadro de las palabras con terminacin ING

Sustantivo Necesita Verbo To Be Antepuesto 1. His job is starting the engine. 2. The first step is calculating the values. 3. Todays goal is checking the connection. Verbo progresivo Necesita Verbo To Be Antepuesto 9. He is starting the car now. 10. We are calculating the values now. 11. Juan is checking the connection. Adjetivo 12. The increasing use of oil fuels generates pollution. 13. The cooling system is working fine. 14. The re-heating indicator is beeping.

Objeto directo

Complemento del verbo To Be

4. Carlos practices connecting the wires. 5. Julio continues repairing the machine.

Vea significado de las oraciones:

1. Su (de l) trabajo es encender el motor. 2. El primer paso es calcular los valores.

Objeto de una preposicin

6. Before starting the engine, check the fuel pipes. 7. Engines are used for transforming combustion force into rotary motion.

3. La meta de hoy es verificar la conexin. 4. Carlos practica conectar / conectando los cables. 5. Julio contina reparando la mquina. 6. Antes de encender el motor, revisa las tuberas de gasolina. 7. Los motores son utilizados para transformar la combustin en movimiento rotatorio. 8. El cableado en esta casa est daado.

8. The wiring in this house is damaged.

9. l est encendiendo el carro ahora. 10. Nosotros estamos calculando los valores ahora.

Sujeto

11. Juan esta revisando la conexin. 12. El creciente uso de combustibles de petrleo genera contaminacin. 13. El sistema de enfriamiento esta funcionando bien. 14. El indicador de recalentamiento est avisando.
Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD IV
PRESENTE PERFECTO
El presente perfecto es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que comenzaron a ejecutarse en un momento del pasado y han continuado ejecutndose hasta el presente. El presente perfecto utiliza el auxiliar Haber (To Have) y un verbo principal en Participio Pasado que determina la accin.

Ejemplo: Oracin: Jos has operated that machinery since 1994 (Jos ha operado la maquinaria desde 1994) Desglosando el ejemplo anterior tenemos: Jos
sujeto

has operated
aux + verbo en participio

that machinery since 1994

complemento

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Participio de verbos En ingls existen dos tipos de verbos, los Regulares y los Irregulares. Un verbo se clasifica como regular cuando a su forma Infinitiva se le aade -ed para formar el Tiempo Pasado y el Participio Pasado. Si el verbo termina en "-e", slo hace falta aadir la "-d". Si el verbo termina en una vocal + y, aadimos "-ed". Si el verbo termina en un consonante + y, hay que quitar la y, y aadir "-ied". En los verbos irregulares su forma Infinitiva cambia parcial o totalmente cuando se forma el Tiempo Pasado y el Participio Pasado, por esto hay que aprenderlos.

Verbos Regulares

Infinitivo repair calculate classify

Pasado repaired calculated classified

Participio Pasado repaired calculated classified

Irregulares

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

UNIDAD V
VOZ PASIVA
La voz pasiva, tanto en espaol como en ingls, es un formato del discurso que cede el espacio de posicin inicial del protagonista (o sujeto) para colocar al objeto directo de la accin en su lugar. En otras palabras, se invierte el rol gramatical de los entes activos y pasivos (sujeto/objeto directo) de la oracin. Este formato (voz pasiva) es extensamente utilizado en los materiales impresos.

Las oraciones activas poseen al menos tres elementos indispensables: sujeto (quien realiza la accin), verbo (es la accin) y objeto directo (quien recibe la accin). Las oraciones pasivas pueden poseer dos de los tres elementos mencionados (objeto directo y verbo) y el sujeto suele ser opcional antecedido de la preposicin by. Adicionalmente, las oraciones pasivas SIEMPRE tienen To Be (en cualquiera de sus formas) antepuesto al la accin principal (en su pasado participio)

Ejemplo de voz activa: Electric charges produce all electromagnetic radiation.

Sujeto verbo objeto directo

Las cargas elctricas producen toda radiacin electromagntica

Ejemplo de su voz pasiva: All electromagnetic radiation is produced by electric charges

Objeto directo verbo por sujeto

Toda radiacin electromagntica es producida por cargas elctricas.

El cambio que ocurre en la sintaxis es el siguiente:

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

S= Sujeto V= Verbo OD= Objeto Directo

Voz activa

+ V + OD

Voz pasiva

OD +To Be + V + (by S)

La oracin es revertida en su formula y la posicin del sujeto es asumida por el objeto directo. Las oraciones en formato pasivo se reconocen porque siempre tienen al verbo To Be como verbo principal y a un verbo en participio.

Otros ejemplos de oraciones pasivas: Each element in the periodic table is defined by the atomic number Electricity is generated at a power station The Cugnot steam traction engine was built 1770 Vehicles are used for a wide range of purposes A more efficient combustion is achieved by multi-valve cylinder heads In this city, the levels of pollution have been reduced Passengers are protected by the bodyshell of a car Cars are designed with the aid of computers High technology is employed on production lines

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

BIBLIOGRAFA
Anderson, G & Arsenault, N. (1998). Fundamentals of educational research. (2nd). New York, NY.: RoutledgeFalmer Arragon, J. C. (1985). The role of phonetics in language teaching: Some personal remarks. The Incorporated Linguist: The Journal of the Institute of Linguists, 24(1), 2729. Chela-Flores, B. (2001). Pronunciation and language learning: An integrative approach. IRAL, 39, 85-101. Delamere, T. (1996). The importance of interlanguage errors with respect to stereotyping by native speakers in their judgments of second language learners. System, 24, 279-297. Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J., & Wiebe, G. (1997). Pronunciation introduction for fossilized learners: Can it help?. Applied Language Learning, 8(2), 217-236. Ellis, R. (1991). Understanding second language acquisition (7th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Freire, P. (1988) Teachers as cultural workers: letters to those who dare teach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. Gass, S., & Varonis, E.M. (1984). The effect of familiarity on the comprehensibility of non-native speech. Language Learning, 34, 65-89. Hamilton, R.P. (2001). The insignificance of learners errors: A philosophical investigation of the interlanguage hypothesis. Language and Communication, 21 (1), 73-88. Jaggar, A., & Smith-Burke, M. (Ed.). (1985). Observing the language learner. Newark, IL: International Reading Association.

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Reigeluth, C. (Ed.). (1999). Instructional-design theories and models: a new paradigm of instructional theory. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. James, C. (1992). Contrastive analysis (11th ed.). Essex, England: Longman. Krashen, S. (2003). Explorations in language acquisition and use. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. H. D. Brown, & S. Gonzo (Ed.). Readings on second language acquisition (pp. 468490). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents. McCarthy, P. (1978). The teaching of pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Merriam, S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Monroy, R. (2001). Profiling the phonological processes shaping the fossilized IL of adult spanish learners of english as foreign language: Some theoretical implications. IJES, 1 (1), 157-215.

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

TALLER INGLES COMPLEMENTOS

Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Nmero/Persona S/I S/III S/II P/I, P/II, P/III

VERBO TO BE PASADO PRESENTE Was Am Was Were Is Are

FUTURO

Will be

Nmero Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular Plural Plural Plural

Persona I II III I II III

Pronombre Personal I You She He It We You They

Adjetivo Posesivo My Your Her His Its Our Your Their

Pronombre Posesivo Mine Yours Hers His Its Ours Yours Theirs

Pronombre Objetivo Me You Her Him It Us You Them

Nmero

Pronombres Demostrativos This esto(a) aquello(a) estos(as) aquellos(as)

Significado cercana fsica o temporal distancia fsica o temporal cercana fsica o temporal distancia fsica o temporal

Singular That These Plural Those

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

PREPOSICIONES Las preposiciones son palabras pequeas que nos ayudan a establecer relaciones entre diferentes elementos de una frase. Aqu tenemos una lista de las preposiciones simples ms comunes en ingls:

PREPOSICION Aboard About Above Across After Against Along Alongside Amid Amidst Among Amongst Around As At Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond But By Despite Down During Except For From In

SIGNIFICADO a bordo de alrededor de, sobre por encima de a travs de detrs de, despus de contra por, a lo largo de junto a, junto con (formal) entre, en medio de (formal) entre, en medio de entre (tres o ms) entre alrededor de como en, junto a, a antes de, delante de detrs de debajo de debajo de junto a aparte de entre (dos o ms) ms all de excepto, pero por, junto a a pesar de, pese a hacia abajo durante excepto para, por, durante, desde hace de, desde en, dentro de

Inside Into Like Minus Near Of Off On Opposite Outside Over Past Per Plus Round Since Than Through Throughout Till = Until To Towards Under Underneath Until Up Upon Via With Within Without

dentro de en, adentro como, igual a menos cerca de de de (alejndose), fuera de en, sobre enfrente de fuera de por encima de, al otro lado por delante de, ms all de por ms alrededor de desde que a travs de por todo hasta a, hasta, hacia hacia, para por debajo de, debajo de debajo de, bajo hasta hacia arriba (poniendo) sobre, encima va, a travs de, por con dentro de, a menos de, en menos de sin

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

PALABRAS Y FRASES DE TRANSICION La siguiente es una lista de palabras y frases que se utilizan frecuentemente para enlazar oraciones entre si, permitiendo dar cierta continuidad a los textos.

PALABRA / FRASE According to After Afterwards Although And Anyway As As far as As if As long as As soon as As though As well as Because Because of Before Besides Be that as it may Both...and But But Concerning Due to Either... or Even though Except For Furthermore Generally However If In case of In general, In order to In respect to

SIGNIFICADO de acuerdo a despus que despus de..., aunque, si bien y de todos modos cuando, mientras, a medida que, como hasta, hasta donde como si mientras, con tal que en cuanto como si adems de porque debido a antes que adems como sea tanto...como pero sino concerniente, segn debido a o... o aunque excepto, salvo porque adems generalmente, en general sin embargo si en caso de en general para concerniente, segn

Moreover Namely Neither... nor Nevertheless Nor On account of On the other hand Or Or else Otherwhise Provided Providing Regarding Since So as to So as not to So far So that Still Than Therefore Though Unless Until Up to now Whenever Whereas Whether Whether... or While Yet

adems, por otra parte a saber ni... ni sin embargo, no obstante ni debido a en cambio o sino de otra manera, si no siempre que , con tal de que siempre que , con tal de que al respecto de puesto que, ya que, desde que para para no hasta ahora para que sin embargo, no obstante que (usado en comparaciones) por lo tanto aunque a menos que hasta que hasta ahora cada vez que, cuando siendo que, mientras si si... o mientras, mientras que, aunque sin embargo, no obstante

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Regular Verbs List

Base Form Accept Acquire Act Add Administer Agree Aim Allow Answer Anticipate Approve Arrive Ask Assist Attack Attend Avoid Beg Believe Belong Boil Borrow Bother Brush Call Carry Cash Change Charge Clarify Classify Clean Clear (out) Close Comb Combine Complete Complicate Condense Congratulate Conquer Consult Contain Continue Control Cook Count Cover Create Cross Cry Cure Dance Dare Decide Decorate Delight Describe Destroy Develop Die Discover Discuss Dislike Doubt Dream Dress Drop Educate Eliminate Present 3rd Person Singular Accepts Acquires Acts Adds Administers Agrees Aims Allows Answers Anticipates Approves Arrives Asks Assists Attacks Attends Avoids Begs Believes Belongs Boils Borrows Bothers Brushes Calls Carries Cashes Changes Charges Clarifies Classifies Cleans Clears (out) Closes Combs Combines Completes Complicates Condenses Congratulates Conquers Consults Contains Continues Controls Cooks Counts Covers Creates Crosses Cries Cures Dances Dares Decides Decorates Delights Describes Destroys Develops Dies Discovers Discusses Dislikes Doubts Dreams Dresses Drops Educates Eliminates Present Participle / Gerund (ING form) Accepting Acquiring Acting Adding Administering Agreeing Aiming Allowing Answering Anticipating Approving Arriving Asking Assisting Attacking Attending Avoiding Begging Believing Belonging Boiling Borrowing Bothering Brushing Calling carrying Cashing Changing Charging clarifying Classifying Cleaning Clearing (out) Closing Combing Combining Completing Complicating Condensing Congratulating Conquering Consulting Containing Continuing Controlling Cooking Counting Covering Creating Crossing Crying Curing Dancing Daring Deciding decorating Delighting Describing Destroying Developing Dying Discovering Discussing Disliking Doubting Dreaming Dressing Dropping Educating Eliminating Past Simple / Past Participle Accepted Acquired Acted Added Administered Agreed Aimed Allowed Answered Anticipated Approved Arrived Asked Assisted Attacked Attended Avoided Begged Believed Belonged Boiled Borrowed Bothered Brushed Called Carried Cashed Changed Charged Clarified Classified Cleaned Cleared (out) Closed Combed Combined Completed Complicated Condensed Congratulated Conquered Consulted Contained Continued Controlled Cooked Counted Covered Created Crossed Cried Cured Danced Dared Decided Decorated Delighted Described Destroyed Developed Died Discovered Discussed Disliked Doubted Dreamed / dreamt Dressed Dropped Educated Eliminated Translation aceptar adquirir actuar agregar administrar estar de acuerdo apuntar permitir responder anticipar aprobar llegar preguntar asistir / ayudar atacar asistir / atender evitar suplicar creer pertenecer hervir pedir prestado molestar cepillar llamar llevar hacer efectivo cambiar cargar / cobrar aclarar clasificar limpiar borrar cerrar peinar combinar completar complicar condensar felicitar conquistar consultar contener continuar controlar cocinar contra cubrir crear cruzar llorar curar bailar atreverse decidir decorar deleitar describir destruir desarrollar morir descubrir discutir disgustar dudar sonar vestir dejar caer educar eliminar

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Embrace Emerge End Enjoy Enter Erase Excuse Execute Explain Explore Express Fade Fail Finish Fold Follow Fry Gain Gather Glow Govern Handle Hang Happen Hate Heat Help Hope Hurry Identify Indicate Injure Insulate Interrupt Introduce Invade Invite Join Jump Kill Kiss Knock Last Laugh Learn Lie Lift Like Listen Live Look Love Lubricate Mail Marry Match Measure Mention Mind Miss Modify Motivate Move Need Obey Observe Obtain Occur Offer Open Order Organize Owe Own Paint Pardon Park

Embraces Emerges Ends Enjoys Enters Erases Excuses Executes Explains Explores Expresses Fades Fails Finishes Folds Follows Fries Gains Gathers Glows Governs Handles Hangs Happens Hates Heats Helps Hopes Hurries Identifies Indicates Injures Insulates Interrupts Introduces Invades Invites Joins Jumps Kills Kisses Knocks Lasts Laughs Learns Lies Lifts Likes Listens Lives Looks Loves Lubricates Mails Marries Matches Measures Mentions Minds Misses Modifies Motivates Moves Needs Obeys Observes Obtains Occurs Offers Opens Orders Organizes Owes Owns Paints Pardons Parks

Embracing Emerging Ending Enjoying Entering Erasing Excusing Executing Explaining Exploring Expressing Fading Failing Finishing Folding Following Frying Gaining Gathering Glowing Governing Handling Hanging Happening Hating Heating Helping Hoping Hurrying Identifying Indicating Injuring Insulating Interrupting Introducing Invading Inviting Joining Jumping Killing Kissing Knocking Lasting Laughing Learning lying Lifting Liking Listening Living Looking Loving Lubricating Mailing Marrying Matching Measuring Mentioning Minding Missing Modifying Motivating Moving Needing Obeying Observing Obtaining Occurring Offering Opening Ordering Organizing Owing Owning Painting Pardoning Parking

Embraced Emerged Ended Enjoyed Entered Erased Excused Executed Explained Explored Expressed Faded Failed Finished Folded Followed Fried Gained Gathered Glowed Governed Handled Hanged Happened Hated Heated Helped Hoped Hurried Identified Indicated Injured Insulated Interrupted Introduced Invaded Invited Joined Jumped Killed Kissed Knocked Lasted Laughed Learned / learnt Lied Lifted Liked Listened Lived Looked Loved Lubricated Mailed Married Matched Measured Mentioned Minded Missed Modified Motivated Moved Needed Obeyed Observed Obtained Occurred Offered Opened Ordered Organized Owed Owned Painted Pardoned Parked

abarcar emerger terminar disfrutar entrar borrar disculpar ejecutar explicar explorar expresar desvanecer / desteir fallar / caer terminar doblar seguir frer obtener / ganar reunir resplandecer gobernar manipular colgar suceder odiar calentar ayudar esperar apurar identificar indicar lastimar / herir aislar interrumpir introducir / presentar invadir invitar acompaar / unir saltar matar besar tocar durar rer aprender mentir levantar gustar escuchar vivir mirar amar lubricar enviar por correo casarse unir / combinar medir mencionar dar importancia extraar / perder modificar motivar mover necesitar obedecer observar obtener ocurrir ofrecer abrir ordenar organizar deber poseer pintar disculpar estacionar

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Pass Perform Phone Pick (up) Plan Plant Play Please Point Pollute Postpone Practice Predict Prefer Prepare Prevent Process Promise Pronounce Pull Punish Push Rain Reach Realize Receive Recharge Recommend Refine Refuse Reinforce Remain Remember Remind Repeat Report Rest Result Return Rub (out) Rule Save Scold Select Separate Serve Settle Share Shave Show Sign Smell Smile Smoke Snow Solve Spread Start Stay Stop Study Suggest Suppose Surprise Talk Taste Thank Touch Translate Travel Treat Try Turn Use Visit Vote Wait

Passes Performs Phones Picks (up) Plans Plants Plays Pleases Points Pollutes Postpones Practices Predicts Prefers Prepares Prevents Processes Promises Pronounces Pulls Punishes Pushes Rains Reaches Realizes Receives Recharges Recommends Refines Refuses Reinforces Remains Remembers Reminds Repeats Reports Rests Results Returns Rubs (out) Rules Saves Scolds Selects Separates Serves Settles Shares Shaves Shows Signs Smells Smiles Smokes Snows Solves Spreads Starts Stays Stops Studies Suggests Supposes Surprises Talks Tastes Thanks Touches Translates Travels Treats Tries Turns Uses Visits Votes Waits

Passing Performing Phoning Picking (up) Planning Planting Playing Pleasing Pointing Polluting Postponing Practicing Predicting Preferring Preparing Preventing Processing Promising Pronouncing Pulling Punishing Pushing Raining Reaching Realizing Receiving Recharging Recommending Refining Refusing Reinforcing Remaining Remembering Reminding Repeating Reporting Resting Resulting Returning Rubbing (out) Ruling Saving Scolding Selecting Separating Serving Settling Sharing Shaving Showing Signing Smelling Smiling Smoking Snowing Solving Spreading Starting Staying Stopping Studying Suggesting Supposing Surprising Talking Tasting Thanking Touching Translating Traveling Treating Trying Turning Using Visiting Voting Waiting

Passed Performed Phoned Picked (up) Planned Planted Played Pleased Pointed Polluted Postponed Practiced Predicted Preferred Prepared Prevented Processed Promised Pronounced Pulled Punished Pushed Rained Reached Realized Received Recharged Recommended Refined Refused Reinforced Remained Remembered Reminded Repeated Reported Rested Resulted Returned Rubbed (out) Ruled Saved Scolded Selected Separated Served Settled Shared Shaved Showed Signed Smelled Smiled Smoked Snowed Solved Spread Started Stayed Stopped Studied Suggested Supposed Surprised Talked Tasted Thanked Touched Translated Traveled Treated Tried Turned Used Visited Voted Waited

pasar desempear llamar por telfono levantar planificar sembrar jugar agradar / complacer apuntar contaminar posponer practicar predecir preferir preparar prevenir procesar prometer pronunciar halar castigar empujar llover alcanzar darse cuenta recibir recargar recomendar refinar rechazar reforzar quedar / permanecer acordarse recordar repetir reportar descansar resultar devolver borrar gobernar salvar / guardar regaar seleccionar separar servir establecer compartir afeitar mostrar firmar oler sonrer fumar nevar solucionar regar comenzar quedarse detener estudiar sugerir suponer sorprender hablar probar / saborear agradecer tocar traducir viajar tratar intentar dar vuelta / cruzar usar visitar votar esperar

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Walk Want Wash Waste Watch Welcome Wish Wonder Work Worry

Walks Wants Washes Wastes Watches Welcomes Wishes Wonders Works Worries

Walking Wanting Washing Wasting Watching Welcoming Wishing Wondering Working Worrying

Walked Wanted Washed Wasted Watched Welcomed Wished Wondered Worked Worried

caminar querer lavar desperdiciar cuidar / mirar / vigilar dar la bienvenida desear preguntarse trabajar preocuparse

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Irregular Verbs List

Base Form Abide Alight Arise Awake Be Bear Beat Become Begin Behold Bend Bet Bid Bid Bind Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Bust Buy Cast Catch Choose Clap Cling Clothe Come Cost Creep Cut Dare Deal Dig Dive Do Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Fit Flee Present 3rd Person Singular Abides Alights Arises Awakes Is Bears Beats Becomes Begins Beholds Bends Bets Bids Bids Binds Bites Bleeds Blows Breaks Breeds Brings Broadcasts Builds Burns Bursts Busts Buys Casts Catches Chooses Claps Clings Clothes Comes Costs Creeps Cuts Dares Deals Digs Dives Does Draws Dreams Drinks Drives Dwells Eats Falls Feeds Feels Fights Finds Fits Flees Present Participle / Gerund (ING form) Abiding Alighting Arising Awaking Being Bearing Beating Becoming Beginning Beholding Bending Betting Bidding Bidding Binding Biting Bleeding Blowing Breaking Breeding Bringing Broadcasting Building Burning Bursting Busting Buying Casting Catching Choosing Clapping Clinging Clothing Coming Costing Creeping Cutting Daring Dealing Digging Diving Doing Drawing Dreaming Drinking Driving Dwelling Eating Falling Feeding Feeling Fighting Finding Fitting Fleeing Past Simple Abode/Abided Alit/Alighted Arose Awoke Was/Were Bore Beat Became Began Beheld Bent Bet Bid Bade Bound Bit Past Participle Abode/Abided/Abidden Alit/Alighted Arisen Awoken Been Born/Borne Beaten Become Begun Beheld Bent Bet Bid Bidden Bound Bitten Translation atenerse bajar/apearse alzarse despertar ser/estar aguantar/resistir latir/golpear volverse/llegar a ser comenzar contemplar doblar apostar ofrecer/pujar mandar/ordenar saltar/estar ogligado morder

Bled Bled sangrar Blew Blown soplar Broke Broken romper Bred Bred criar/engendrar Brought Brought traer Broadcast/Broadcasted Broadcast/Broadcasted emitir/transmitir Built Built construir Burnt/Burned Burnt/Burned quemar Burst Burst estallar Bust Bust deterner/atrapar Bought Bought comprar Cast Cast lanzar Caught Caught atrapart Chose Chosen elegir Clapped/Clapt Clapped/Clapt aplaudir Clung Clung agarrarse Clad/Clothed Clad/Clothed vestirse Came Come venir Cost Cost costar Crept Crept arrastar Cut Cut cortar Dared/Durst Dared atraverse Dealt Dealt dar/repartir Dug Dug cavar Dived/Dove Dived sumergirse Did Done hacer Drew Drawn dibujar Dreamt/Dreamed Dreamt/Dreamed soar Drank Drunk beber Drove Driven manejar Dwelt Dwelt morar/habitar Ate Eaten comer Fell Fallen caer/enamorase Fed Fed alimentar Felt Felt sentir Fought Fought pelear Found Found encontar Fit/Fitted Fit/Fitted ajustar/sentar bien (clothes) Fled Fled huir

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Fling Flings Flinging Flung Fly Flies Flying Flew Forbid Forbids Forbidding Forbade/Forbad Forecast Forecasts Forecasting Forecast/Forecasted Foresee Foresees Foreseeing Foresaw Foretell Foretells Foretelling Foretold Forget Forgets Forgetting Forgot Forgive Forgives Forgiving Forgave Forsake Forsakes Forsaking Forsook Freeze Freezes Freezing Froze Frostbite Frostbites Frostbiting Frostbit Get Gets Getting Got Give Gives Giving Gave Go Goes Going Went Grind Grinds Grinding Ground Grow Grows Growing Grew Handwrite Handwrites Handwriting Handwrote Hang Hangs Hanging Hung/Hanged Have Has Having Had Hear Hears Hearing Heard Hide Hides Hiding Hid Hit Hits Hitting Hit Hold Holds Holding Held Hurt Hurts Hurting Hurt Inlay Inlays Inlaying Inlaid Input Inputs Inputting Input/Inputted Keep Keeps Keeping Kept Kneel Kneels Kneeling Knelt/Kneeled Knit Knits Knitting Knit/Knitted Know Knows Knowing Knew Lay Lays Laying Laid Lead Leads Leading Led Lean Leans Leaning Leant/Leaned Leap Leaps Leaping Leapt/Leaped Learn Learns Learning Learnt/Learned Leave Leaves Leaving Left Lend Lends Lending Lent Let Lets Letting Let Lie Lies Lying Lay Light Lights Lighting Lit Lose Loses Losing Lost Make Makes Making Made Mean Means Meaning Meant Meet Meets Meeting Met Melt Melts Melting Melted Mislead Misleads Misleading Misled Mistake Mistake Mistaking Mistook Misunderstand Misunderstands Misunderstanding Misunderstood Mow Mows Mowing Mowed Overdraw Overdraws Overdrawing Overdrew Overhear Overhears Overhearing Overheard Overtake Overtakes Overtaking Overtook Pay Pays Paying Paid Preset Presets Presetting Preset Prove Proves Proving Proved Put Puts Putting Put Quit Quits Quitting Quit Re-prove Re-proves Re-proving Re-proved Read Reads Reading Read Rid Rids Ridding Rid/Ridded Ride Rides Riding Rode Ring Rings Ringing Rang Rise Rises Rising Rose Run Runs Running Ran Saw Saws Sawing Sawed Say Says Saying Said

Flung Flown Forbidden Forecast/Forecasted Foreseen Foretold Forgotten Forgiven Forsaken Frozen Frostbitten Got/Gotten Given Gone/Been Ground Grown Handwritten Hung/Hanged Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input/Inputted Kept Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Known Laid Led Leant/Leaned Leapt/Leaped Learnt/Learned Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Molten/Melted Misled Mistaken Misunderstood Mown Overdrawn Overheard Overtaken Paid Preset Proven/Proved Put Quit Re-proven/Re-proved Read Rid/Ridded Ridden Rung Risen Run Sawn/Sawed Said

arrojar volar prohibir pronosticar preveer predecir olvidar perdonar abandonar/renunciar congelar escarchar traer/conseguir/entender dar ir moler/afilar crecer/cultivar escribir a mano colgar/ahorcar tener oir/asistir a esconder golpear resistir/soportar/sostener lastimar embutir introducir mantener arrodillarse tejer/unir saber/conocer poner/tender dirigir apoyarse saltar aprender dejar prestar permitir/alquilar mentir/echarse encender perder hacer significar/querer decir conocer/encontrarse derretir desinformar/engaar equivocar/entender mal entender mal segar/ cortar (grass) sobregirar oir por casualidad adelantar/sobrepasar pagar prestablecer probar/demostrar colocar renunciar reprobar leer deshacerse dar un paseo sonar elevarse correr/postularse aserrar decir

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shave Shear Shed Shine Shoe Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Sneak Soothsay Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stink Stride Strike String Strip Strive Sublet Sunburn Swear Sweat Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thrust

Sees Seeks Sells Sends Sets Sews Shakes Shaves Shears Sheds Shines Shoes Shoots Shows Shrinks Shuts Sings Sinks Sits Slays Sleeps Slides Slings Slinks Slits Smells Sneaks Soothsays Sows Speaks Speeds Spells Spends Spills Spins Spits Splits Spoils Spreads Springs Stands Steals Sticks Stings Stinks Strides Strikes Strings Strips Strives Sublets Sunburns Swears Sweats Sweeps Swells Swims Swings Takes Teaches Tears Tells Thinks Thrives Throws Thrusts

Seeing Seeking Selling Sending Setting Sewing Shaking Shaving Shearing Shedding Shining Shoeing Shooting Showing Shrinking Shutting Singing Sinking Sitting Slaying Sleeping Sliding Slinging Slinking Slitting Smelling Sneaking Soothsaying Sowing Speaking Speeding Spelling Spending Spilling Spinning Spitting Splitting Spoiling Spreading Springing Standing Stealing Sticking Stinging Stinking Striding Striking Stringing Stripping Striving Subletting Sunburning Swearing Sweating Sweeping Swelling Swimming Swinging Taking Teaching Tearing Telling Thinking Thriving Throwing Thrusting

Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shaved Shore/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slew Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sowed Spoke Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Span/Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung Stank Strode/Strided Struck Strung Stript/Stripped Strove Sublet Sunburned/Sunburnt Swore Sweat/Sweated Swept Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Throve/Thrived Threw Thrust

Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn/Sewed Shaken Shaven/Shaved Shorn/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slain Slept Slid/Slidden Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sown Spoken Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Stridden Struck/Stricken Strung Stript/Stripped Striven Sublet Sunburned/Sunburnt Sworn Sweat/Sweated Swept Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thriven/Thrived Thrown Thrust

ver buscar vender enviar ajustar/establecer coser agitar/temblar afeitar trasquilar derramar (tears)/mudar (skin) brillar/sacar brillo herrar (horse) disparar mostrar encoger apagar/cerrar cantar hundir sentarse matar dormir deslizar arrojar escabullirse cortar/rajar oler escabullirse adivinar sembrar hablar acelerar deletrear gastar derramar girar escupir dividir consentir/echar a perder untar/esparcir brincar/empezar soportar/levantarse robar quedarse/soportar picar apestar andar atacar/golpear encordar desnudarse esforzarse/luchar subarrendar broncear jurar sudar barrer hinchar/inflar nadar mecer tomar ensear desgarrar decir pensar crecer/prosperar lanzar/vomitar empujar/introducir

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD

Tread Undergo Understand Undertake Upset Vex Wake Wear Weave Wed Weep Wet Win Wind Withdraw Withhold Withstand Wring Write

Treads Undergoes Understands Undertakes Upsets Vexes Wakes Wears Weaves Weds Weeps Wets Wins Winds Withdraws Withholds Withstands Wrings Writes

Treading Undergoing Understanding Undertaking Upsetting Vexing Waking Wearing Weaving Wedding Weeping Wetting Winning Winding Withdrawing Withholding Withstanding Wringing Writing

Trod Underwent Understood Undertook Upset Vext/Vexed Woke Wore Wove Wed/Wedded Wept Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrew Withheld Withstood Wrung Wrote

Trodden Undergone Understood Undertaken Upset Vext/Vexed Woken Worn Woven Wed/Wedded Wept Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrawn Withheld Withstood Wrung Written

pisar sufrir/recibir (treatment) entender emprender molestar molestar/fastidiar levantarse usar tejer casarse llorar humedecer ganar dar cuerda retirar aplazar/negar/retener resistir escurrir/retorcer escribir

Misin Sucre TALLER INGLES Programa Nacional de Formacin en ELECTRICIDAD