sffi ffiffi#ffiffi wffi wffiffi#ffi

_-_

skr"e,mA
TNFRARED HEAT LAMPS
Sylvania Infrared Heat Lamps have proved to be the most effective and economical heat source for a great variety of process heating and comfort heating applications. Today in industry, radiant heat processing with Sylr'ania Infrared Heat Lamps cuts pro-

duction time from days and hours . . . la minutes and seconds. And everywhere) economv-

minded manufacturers are putting this speed to work- New uses for infrared are constantly appearing wherever baking, drying or heating is required. It has proved the fastest, most

efficient heating method in one Processing operation after another. Sylvania Infrared Heat Lamps are also

finding wide application in the fast-expanding incioors and out' fie1d of comfort heating to heat areas They now make it possible where heating \\ras never before practicai. Development of the quartz-tubular inirared lamps has added a whoie new impetus to process and comfort heating with infrared energy. Their compact size, high heat and plus long life and ease of fast response has introduced infrared heat into control - fie1ds, including aerospace and many new
photocopy.

BAKiNG ENAMEL -- In 4 minutes dccorative aluminum automotive grills in a quartz infr:rrecl oven. '1'he glills reach baking tempcrature in only 90 scconds.
enamel is bakcd on these

Sylvania offers a full line of Infrared Heat Lamps for evcry industrial-commercial and comfort heating use. It includes Clear and Reflector types . . . the new Sylvania Quartz Infrared High Intensity Tubr-rlar Lamps that provide exceptionally quick, high heat transfer, especially where lamp area is limited . ' . and the new Red Tubular High Intensity Lamp, especially designed for applications rvhere the glare from a translucent or clear lamp might be undesirable.

MISSILE TESTING High temperature heattest facility at N{cDonncll ;\ircrait Corp. uses

Quartz Infrared High Intensity Lamps for

testing the Mercury Spzrce Capsule to simulate entr,v and re-entry conclitions in space travel.
Sylvania acknowledges the c00perati0n of Fostoria Corporation f0r application photographs used in this booklet. Also of McDonnell Aircralt Corp. i0r the ph0los 0n mrssile lesling.

DRYING COOKIES --- This infrarcd oven is only 22t 1onts. r.rnoves r"rnaininc, muislurfrorn cookics after baking in convection oven. It replaced a 100r convcction oven that fornterly
did the same job.

and tractors arc thoroughly dried in only 10 minutes in this infrared tunncl oven, cquipped with G-30 lamps, and just 18'4" lonq. The drying operation is aulornatically timed to the
spraying job.

PAINT DRYING ,\ftcr soraying, lift

trucks

Ftr##g.ss trtr#H#ffffi**, Ftrg#trWffitrFffiffigs #tr s#Fffi#ffigffi &ffiffitr# ffigftr

str
r' #g #F"udfftrs ffi #

g6ssgffi,."

ffi#trg FR{PFrTABLY
Baking, drying and heating are the three basic jobs of infrared. primarily for curing paintsr enamels, varnishes and other applied finisl'res. Example: baking enamel on auto bodies. Drying is concerned with the evaporation of water and other liquids from paper, cloth, leather, \.'ood) rubber, porcelain and other materials. Applications of infrared drying inctude solvent removal and dehydration offruits and vegetables. Heating is used to bring about physical changes in materials. Example: preheating softens plastics prior to forming, expands machine parts prior to fitting. Infrared heat has a thousand-and-one widely diversified industrial uses ranging from dehydrating gumdrops to baking the finish on gun barrels . . . from toasting wheat germ to degreasing machine parts . . . from drying hides to preheating metals before welding. In fact, every industrial process requiring heat represents a possible application for infrared lamps. Infrared starts working immediateiy, at the flip FASTER HEAT of a switch. No warm-up period is needed as with other types of industrial heaters. Material is heated faster because radiant energy creates heat the instant it contacts the uork. Savings in processing time are often
Baking is used

tr#sygm,,,

HEATING ALUMINUM MOLDS In this infrared oven operation. conveyorized aluminum molds are heated in approximateiy a 6 minute cycle by T-3 quartz lamps.

giERE ARE A FEW

TYPSGAL APPUEAT'OfifS
ANMAMENT, ETC, Drying Loaded Ammunition Boxes. Baking Finishes on Shells AATOMOfIVE
PLASTICS INOASfBY

Preheating Plastics Prior to Form-

ing. Processing of Phonograph Records. Dehydrating Plastic

Powders.
HABDWANE AND

Drying Auto Enamels. Baking Asphaltum on Radiator Cores'

Preheating Pistons Prior to Fitting.
AYIATION

PLAMililC

Baking synthetic Finishes on Castings. Drying Metal Buckets.

phenomenal.

Drying Dope on Airplane Wings.

Baking Propellers.
CEBAMIC

MtsstLE fEsTIltl0

MORE EFFICIENT OPERATION - No energy is wasted heating an intervening conductor or convector' With infrared heating, the material itself is heated directly. frared equipment requires less floor space than conventional convection ovens. N{any times it is possible to suspend the equipment from the
ceiling, saving valuable floor space.
Easy to move and adjust, infrared lamp assemblies processing products of many different may types, sizes and shapes" The amount of heat can be regulated simply by

SPACE SAVING-Because radiant heating is so efficient, in-

Baking Decorations on Chinaware.

High remperature testinq to simuIate entry and re-entry conditions in space travel.

Drying Glazing Solution on Tile.

ELECTRICAL

Pil

IITI III E

AN

E N GB

AV I N G

IilDASfBf
Baking

Drying Printing Ink. Setting Flux

on Electrotype Castings. Silk Screen

FLEXIBILITY

be conveniently grouped for

Drying of Motors and Armatures. Baking Varnish on Motor Wind-

Drying and Curing.

PALP AND PAPEB INDASTBY

ings. Drying Paint and

Enamel.
FOOD INDUSTBY

changing lamp sizes. Ideal for production line methods, infrared equipment can be used with all types of conveyors and other materialshandling equipment.

Drying Glue on Labels, Box Tops,

Dehydrating Paper.
BABBEN INDUSTNY

Baking Soda Crackers. Dehydrating

wasting power.

the infrared oven requires no NO STAND-BY LOSS -Because preheating, lamps may be turned on or off as needed - without

Fruits, Vegetables. Food Processing. Vending Machine IndustrY.

Drying

Adhesives

in

Packaging.

Heating Rubber Laminations. Drying Paint on Hard Rubber Parts. Curing Molded Rubber.
TEXT'LE INDASTNY

assuring a uniform product and greatly tribution of heat. . . thus

reducing rejects.

FEWER REJECTS

Infrared installations provide a uniform dis-

FOUITDB'ES

Skin Drying of Moulds and Cores.

SAFETY AND COMFORT -- Because the infrared heat source is completely enclosed rvithin an envelope, processing dangers can be minimized. Infrared radiation provides more comfortable lvorking
conditions than other heating methods because it does not raise air temperature appreciably. And it makes for clean, soot-free surroundings'

Gtrss
Heating Silver Nitrate for Mirrors.

Dehydration in Sanforizing Process. Drying Printed Cloth Materials.

TOBACCO INDASTNY

Preheating SafetY Glass

claim.
LEATIIER

to

Re-

LOW COST Simpie in construction, infrared equipment is much lower in initial- cost than other heat-processing equipment Maintenance cost is also low, for infrequent lamp replacemeni and occasional

Drying Sprayed Shoe Leather Hides. Baking Finish on Leather

Products.
LII M BEB A

Drying and Curing Tobacco. Killing Larvae in Tobacco.

IRAIISPOBT ATIOII

cleaning are all that's necessary.

Refinishing Cars and Trucks.

IT

Infrared pr-ocessing adapts easily to MANPOWER SAVIt{GS automatic controlr eliminates many handling operations and simplifies production.
Because

Drying

D FI BBE BA ABD Glue in Wood AssemblY.

Thawing out Radiators, PumPs, etc. Drying Wet Ignition Systems.

Thawing tank cars, ore cars, coal
cars.

Dehydration

of Piywood.

Baking

Fiiler and Finish on Masonite.

MISCELLAI!EOAS

ON-THE-JOB PROOF OF INFRARED ADVANTAGESof its speed, efficiency, adaptabiiity and other advantages, infrared heat has become standard in many industries, for a wide
variety of products. There 's a rapidly growing list of new applications
of this versatiie heating method.

Many users report remarkabie savings

Drying Washed Metal Parts' Reclaiming Carbon Paper. Melting Pitch Liner in Beer Vats. Preheating Metals Prior to Welding. Drying
Blueprints, Photos, Films. Reconstituting food.

in production time and

costs.

tr#tr s#ffitr#trtr Fdtr# Fg#ffi *,, sfff* wffiffi#ff#, ##ffitr#ffi trffi tr&g fftrffip9tr^6 rgtREs FtrS tr#trr& F*gHtrff gtr Ftr ffi ffi K fltrtr E#E&T#g E ffi !
tions. They're compact) easy to maintain, lightweight, economical and simple to install. And they can provide efficient heat at lower cost than conventional
heating systems. What's more, they now make it possible to heat areas where heating was never practical before. heat That's because these lamps like the sun - not the air around it. the person or object directly - the air with no apThe rays they emit pass through preciable ioss ofheat energy . . . do not transform into heat until they reach the object at which they're directed. This means there's no heat wasted on air. The heat these lamps generate is easily controlled
and directed with simple reflectors, so it can be concentrated wherever it's needed for heating comfort. Electricity consumption is lower than you might expect since the lamps heat by direct radiation . . . can be switched off when not in use . . . switched on when needed. They supply heat instantly with the flip of the switch. This ability of infrared heat to be directed to a person or object permits its use in indoor or outdoor areas where large air movement, lou' ambient air

Infrared heat lamps offer many benefits in comfort heating both in outdoor and indoor applica-

temperatures, poor insulationr or installation and operating costs make conventional heating methods impractical. In addition, infrared lamps provide the extra benefit ol light.

ENTR,ANCE to the Hess Company department store in Allentorvn, Pa., is hcated rvith T-3 quartz larnps, assurinq summer tcmperatufes even in zero rveather. fhey not only provide a \{arm rvelcome to shoppers but melt snorv and keep thc pavcment dry. Eacir recessed fixture contains tlvo T-3 quartz lamps. The systern provides over 200 s'atts of hcat pcr square foot.

rFSTRAREA E.&ffiP

rrPg$ F{tR

GgTW'F$RT E{EAT'T{G
Two basic lamp types popularly used for comfort heating are the Reflector Type R-40 and the T-3 tubular quartz infrared high intensity lamps. The R-40 is particularly well-suited for heating smaller areas. The T-3 because of its high heat output for
its size

larger areas. Translucent infrared lamps are suitable for applications where radiant heat with the added bonus of visible light is required. In cases rvhere the glare of this translucent lamp is undesirable, Sylvania's special Infrared Red Tubular Lamp can be applied. It eliminates most of the visible light while efficiently radiating heat to the person or object to be heated. Dimensions, heat characteristics and other specifications on these lamps are given on pages 6,7 and 8. For complete information and technical engineering assistance on Sylvania Infrared Lamps for comfort heating, consult the engineering service of your local utility, a heating consultant engineer, or your
nearest Sylvania District Sales Office. CHURCHES can be heated economically and efficiently $,ith infrarcd cncrgy. This church replaced a coal-iired furnace with inSt. N4ark's Episcopal Churcir, I'lainfieid, Ind. - year of opcration. Infrared is an ideal frared and saved thcmselves over $800.00 the first heating system for buildings that are occupied only during certain hours of a day or lveek, because thesc lamps can be su'itched on when necded, providing heat instantly; switched off when not required.

- more efRcient and economical in is usually

THE TA.$Y WAV TA ,]EAT OUTB@ORS WTTTI THE FL'EK OF A SW'TCH !

! Use infrared lamps to give a warm welcome to customers at marquees or entrances to apartments, hotels, restaurants, stores, theatres, and other types of buildings. Infrared melts the snow . . eliminates tracking in of snow or slush. I Increases customer comfort on exposed walkplatforms at ways, train, subway and bus station shopping centers, sidewalk bank teller windows, amusement parks, racetracks, drive-in restaurants, parking lots, freight yards, piers. n

Gives employees more comfortable working condi-

tions at Ioading platforms, supermarket delivery

areas, gas stations. They work better.
rx
I

tr Often keeps outdoor theatres, swimming pools, open ail sidewalk cafes, garden restaurants, patios
winter long.

sUflHY AL'TU'ATE$
tNE

oRs roo

I Heats assembly plants, warehouses, Iofts, barns, garages, dairy milking parlors, institutions, churches, gymnasiums, auditoriums, hospitals, ticket booths, swimming pools, bus and train stations, work and storage areas of all kinds. n Counteracts drafts at exit openings or in long
corridors.

! Provides convenient auxiliary heat wherever

desired. WORK AREA at the Crown Bodyand Coach Corporation, I-os Angeles, Calif., is kept comfortably warm with T-3 quartz lamps. The area is approximately 9600 sq. ft. and is heated by, infrared energy averaging 8.5 u'atti per sq. ft. Locai power company ltgures average cost of g1.54 per houifor this initallation. This system provides not only heat but.light as well.

KEEPS FAOIT *#ARI{, rtr RE$TAURANT,8, HO$.PETAE-S, ttdtrEe$

I

'* I

FOOD is kept piping hot

with infrared heat

ready for pick-up by waiters to serve customers,

SE ERTZ SHFRARSSE STANBARE' HIG&T gHTEfris'TV LAffiP$

HIGHER RADIANT OUTPUTI LONG LIFE! SylvaniaQ'artz Infrared Lamps are versatile, highly controllable heat sources . . . offering a higher concentration of fast heat. Lamps are so s,iali they are ideal where space is limited. Full Leating output is attained in only 6/10 of a second . . temperatures as high as 3000oF can be achieved. And highly accurate temperature
control is possible. through use of external Optical control of these infrared lamps provides maximum heat utilization by maintaining reflector units accurate and uniform heat distribution to the product. Compact Quartz Infrared Lamps offer valuable savings in plant floor space and in initial installation and maintenance costs. They require no large insuiated housing, no complex fuel-feeding and duct and flue systems required for other types of heating systems. They provide the highest intensity infrared source with potentially available BTU/HR approximately 100-200 watts per inch of lighted lamp. They give a much higher infrared output than conventional clear and reflector type infrared lamps. Quartz Lamps will not crack or break if water or other iiquids come in contact with them. They have tremendous resistance to high temperature and thermal shock. Automatic heat cut-off in emergencies prowithout the need of expensive tects products from overheating cooling equipment. Cooling is extremely rapid since Quartz Lamps lose 80/6 of their radiant energy two seconds after shutoff of power. Their clean, combustion-free operation makes these lamps desirable for safety of operation. Dimensions and general operating characteristics are listed in Table I.

sra BfAfftfi's

RED TUBULAR SY'"VAT''A'S 'TEW ,NFRAREB LAffiP - I6OOTS/ R ffiENTffiTZES GLARE!

$ T& YA

A'S P I] O T A G O P Y TABALAR LA1WPS-t35 OTZ /r/

TT'

et

Photocopies produced with the use of these special quartz infrared

lamps

in conjunction with thermally sensitive papers provide a

fast

This red-colored tubular lamp is the latest addition to S1'lvania's line of Infrared Lamps. It's a high puritv Silica lamp '"vith a red filter
element permanently impregnated into the glass envelope. This lamp is especially designed for use r.vhere the glare of a translucent or clear lamp (or its effect of changing the lighting level during c-vclic operation)

dry system of reproduction.

Precise optical control through special reflectors permits high density heat concentrations and rapid process speeds. The clear infrared lamps with finite filament parameters are specially constructed for use in thermal process reproduction machines. Ceramic tubular base construction offers electrical insulation and accurate focusing of the lamp in such a unit. Dimensions and operating characteristics on these 1350T2 /2f CL lamps are given in Table IL

is undesirable.

It eliminates most of the visible light rvhile efliciently radiating heat. Dimension and operating characteristics on this 1600T3/R lamp are given in Table I.

Higk Temperatare and EnAermediale Temperature Lamps

For

$.peeiat APP[ieations

In addition to the standard quartz infrared lamps, Sylvania

also

makes available High Temperature and Intermediate Temperature types for special applications.

These High Temperature lamps are designated by HT in Table II in the "Ordering Abbreviation" column.

HIGH TEMPERATURE-These high temperature quartz clear

finish infrared lamps are designed for applications requiring extremely

high heat rates with precise control. They can be operated at overin some cases up to 200/6. higher than design voltage *ittug. Speciai construction of these high temperature lamps permits higher ambient temperatures at the Iamp ends and retards the oxidation and subsequent failure of the lamp ends. It's a general practice to use these high temperature lamps to heattest space missiles and components to simulate launch, re-entry and

orbital conditions.

INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE-These lamps with mented caps are for use in applications where the lamp end temper' ature ranges from 650oF to 1000oF during intermjttent burning. Where the lamp end temperature is above 1000oF and where tl lamps are burned continuously or for long periods of time, the Sylvania High Temperature lamps should be used. For normal applications where lamp end temperatures are below 650oF, standard lamps may be used independent of the burning cycle For additional detail and information on these lamps consult Sylvania Field Representative or nearest Sylvania Sales Office.

STd"YAff,'A'si lE"EAtr

g{8&89 flffiFR&REEA

Str$

$WTPWTt &8es6 sERyteE I-IFE!

REFE-E&TOSP

iISFRARE{' LAnWP$

Sylvania Clear and Reflector Infrared Lamps are efficient tungsten filament sources of infrared radiant energy. They are engineered to operate at temperatures producing highest infrared output consistent with long lamp 1ife. Sylvania Infrared Lamps are rated in excess of 50b0 hours average laboratory life except those designed for special applications. Sylvania G-30 Infrared Lamps are designed for use with auxiliary reflectoir. R-40", however, are hermetically sealed and have built-in reflectors to direct and control the radiant energy. Approximately 90/6 of the power input is emitted as near infrared energy, which is applied directly to the material in process with minimum heat loss. The red bowl reflectoi lamp (250R40/10) is primarily for home use but is suited for industrial applications where reduced glare is desired' Dimensions and general operating characteristics are listed in Tabie III'

i;alii::i;ri,i4

rAELE

ETAIIDABD

lllail lllTEllElfY qaAnrz

raBaLAR LAMPE

375
500

r.3
T:3

T:3

'.'375TAii:.':'',i.:'r:' : r-:5ooT3 .r. ..:ri:i ..: _5 i.:r.,:.:

,

':L:2.:.,

: l',1

:,'.

OT3leL..r.::::_i

.:.14''j
lr:iI?.i.rl

1000

6?s .800

.625T,3.i:::.r..:

:l;:,r_r :r-.i:

TA
1"3',

.gO0Tg

r.,: :::

r.:i

';.,1:7:;
'.::i2'.'.:'

',.:'r1-0]ooi5, i::.,..':.,'r:i.rl:irlri ,,:...1,Oeot3,::, i:,::...:, i

'
r,:,

':::iaz:;
i::1e,.::,
:,"12.::... .:'1.2t::..

QgOTglCL.-::]:,,;,:.:
il::i.
:,i.r

1600

t6'9)

r ,r

,.}tiOOTg

:r:,r,ji i

,: i.,

::

1.500T_3/CL::::,::.,.::
i

r:l6o+T3/-,R,.::,

t.:i:.:.

'r,'r2:':. .'1i:.,:
:,::1i2,r1
.

2000 ?500 ce-

::,'.29.QQT3/,1C!:::.: '.'25oelT3:: :.r,,'rr:,:rr.:,::. r..?5o0r3{1cl;1,i.,..: .:''3] 0OrT3ll.e L.r: :.:]::l

:,,380$?3]ri.:'
r.::.r:,:1.:?r:

,:,.:L?r''i'
'..::.:T2::.::.

IPer-

ring.

32q0 3a00

.',r?j
**Quartz envelope on these lamps ***High purity silica envelope

the lania elow ycle.

rABLE
r.r..5O0.':rr:i

tt

tilEfl

IttTEttEtTy

your
i

|IJBIJLAB LAMPT FoB SPECIAL APPLICATI0|IE |aAnTz (AVAILABLE ON SPECIAL REQUEST)

..' '1350

''13.5O":r,.',
l5OOrrii,::,,

r'

:i.,

,,,:Jr600.i.,,.,

,,:2fi49.,:..'t:
2500,::i:.:1'
::..:

,:iiiz0oo,.::r'
,'...

r:r'3200..:ii.:

:.i'320S

NoTE: S0me of the above lamps in both Tables I and I I are available on special request with the foll0wing types 0f bases: CC (Ceniented cap) TC (Tubular Ceramic) and SRC (Single Recessed Contact).

TABLE

III

GLEAB AIID BEFLECTON LAMPS

r,

. LL5;L25:
::..1:15.:125::

:1'15'125

125G30
125.R40

250G30

,::1,15.,;L25':.:

..,:.!1:5:IZ5:.
:.::::.xtE)Iz$.: :,,375R4011 ':.5OoQ3Gl'l
*Bulb with special heat-resistant. moisture proof glass llndicates lamps are supplied with aluminum bases.

FOOTNOTES (i8) When operated for extended burning perleads. Leads not included in maximum overall length. iods, burn only in porcelain socket. (71) (i9) lvlay not give satisfactory performance i{ any For use where seal temperature does not exceed 650'F. accessory lighting equipmeni touches the (72) glass bulb. Designed volts 240. (74) Usually limited to intermittent burning. (26) Average laboratory life in excess of 5000 (76) For specially designed equipment and hours. (35) Burn only in porcelain sockets. where cap temperature does not exceed (36) Designed for service other than illumination. 350'F. (77) (37) Generally used for industrial applications. Ceramic Tubular Base with 3// flexible leads (38) Designed volts 115. and special lead connectors. Leads not (44) Should be shieided against moisture falling included in maximum overall length. (78) Designed volts '480. on bulb. (82) Designed volts (69) l\iletal Sleeve with approximately 6" flexible 5/0.

ALL ABT'UT INFRAREEB HEAT

METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER - Heat may be transmitted by conducfrom its source to the object being heated in three \4/avs

transfer.

Heat transfer by radiation is caused by heated bodies emitting radiant energy to their surroundings. Differing from visible light onlv in wave iengih, this heat radiation needs no solids, gases or liquids for

I I

::J,TTTi::i",irilm:*: 3;il::::'*'itted
RADIATION?

lro*'

trre sun to

the

Infrared i, u bur'd of WHAT lS INFRARED invisible radiant energ)r lying betu,een the red end of the visible
spectrum and the o.,t.iirund of radio frequencies. This radiant "r.,.tgy has been harnessed for industr,v in the incandcscent tungsten lilament that portion of the infrared of the infrared lamp. "Near" infrared - industrial hcating, because is used for band closest to visibie light of its ability to pass through air to the material being heated with a minimum ol heat loss.

I I

I I I

HOW INFRARED OPERATES Requiring neither u .o,'d,.,.tion medium nor a convection gas,

infrared,"..t:;.i;O.rillTifl::::

atmosphere in electromagnetic waves at a speed ,..orrd. High percentug.r"of near infrared pass right through

.o--on

yliil' j

j ",,' ?lj il i #:, ll 1T "'i?T,l formed into usable heat. This heat is then transfet'red through the

; l;.'::;:'; Jff ";:':1i"*?

l
I

wrrH TNFRARED LAMps o^ .,.tremely efficient source of heat energy for industrial use, Syltania Infrared Lamps are speciall,v designeJ to ope rate at a lorver fiiament temperature than lamps used for illumination. As a result, th.y p.oduci more infrared heat and less light, and because of their .o-pu.- | rHrnual
|
I I

;ffiiLT;:l;il"

atively lorv operating temperature, thev have an unusualll long life. I proor or the value oisyr,,u''iu rnrrared Lamp' i' r.,"a T" I jj:,::'rumll Xr:i:Ltfili..:Ji:Tru|l:tl} i;i.:??*,I3rT use in all branches of industry . . . for multiple baking, dlving, de- | tO, and is capable ofdegreasing 5000 pairs ofplales in 3 hours, pairs ofplates throuslr plime coal l]nish in 6 hours. hydrating and prehearing opera[ions.

i;;;.,ft;

DEGREASING AND PAINT BAKING 'rhis quartz infrared combination oven (3 temperature rangc) is for thermal

fii

2200

ce

Rr

N o F e * E e r R oAtr

(rllllt
I (t
{
a

#7ffi^T

frf Eff{
}r.,

".

I /

I I I I I
I I I I I

rhesreatpenetratinspowerorthe

I l""l I
) urrnrvrorrrl
4000A, :

I I I I I
1,,,,.*1..^-",
60004

lqi i1':r'Tni#r#ru:iftr
,l ilil'i;;,:xJ;in"i"'x1""n"3'
lr

I I

l-,.,-^-,"$';]

l,*r,n*,*lfl
70004.

|.,"''..)Hl
200004.4

HOW TO NETERM'T{E POWER REQUTRETITE}TTS FOR INFRAREI' T'RYTNG, BAKING ATIT' HEATTHE
Every Applieation is tlifferent

Liqaid Evaporation

There are no hard-and-fast rules to govern the installation of To estimate the theoretical lamp wattage necessary for liquid infrared heat lamps, for every application is different. However, the evaporation, three separate calculations are necessary. The total formulas given below will help you determine the approximate amount theoretical lamp wattage will be the sum of the following: of power required for various infrared processes. i ) Power needed to heat a given quantity of liquid to its boiling point Power requirements are theoretical based on 100/6 heating in a definite time interval, using Equation 1. efficiency but all power supplied to the lamps is not absorbed by the 2) Power needed to heat a given quantity of the liquid-carrying ma- heat. material as Consequently, even though infrared heating is more terial to the same temperature, using Equation 1. efficient than most other heating methods, the lamp wattage required in actuai practice will be somewhat greater than the theoretical 3) Power needed to evaporate a given quantity of liquid in a given amount estimated below. The following equations are used to calculate time interval, using Equation 2.
theoretical power:

Paint Drying
X specific heat X temperature rise ("F)

Equation 1: Theoretical power

(in

_ lbs. of material/hr watts) -

lfrass Heating
To estimate the theoretical lamp wattage necessary to heat a given

quantity of a material to a certain temperature, within a

period of time, use Equation 1 above.

chosen

Calculations for paint drying are difficult to make due to the many variables involved. Different types offinishes react differently to infrared. Lacquers are cured mainly by evaporation and good uniformity and fairly low levels of infrared energy density are important to avoid bubbles and pinholes, while enamels dry by a polymerization process and can stand higher levels of energy. Varnishes harden mostly by oxidation. Colors also affect drying calculations since black absorbs all incident energy whereas white absorbs only approxirnately 50/6. The material beneath the surface is also important in the calculations. Metals will heat and bake from within to a much greater degree than wooden surfaces. Uniformity of radiation is of greater importance with woods than with metals, for due to the poor heat conduction of wood, a uniform baking surface is not provided for the under layer of paint. Optimum baking times and temperatures, for various finishes, can be obtained from most paint manufacturers. In many cases, the best approach to the problem is along empirical lines - by determining optimum lamp spacings through small scale experiments.

AVERAGE SPECIFIC HEAT

(Btu/LB.ft) o.27 o.20 o.o9

o_o9

(rBs./cu.
106

DENSITY FT.)

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

(BTU/rB.)

Aluminum Asbestos
Brass B ro nze

Acetone Alcohol Ethyl

M

135 | 173 |
148 I

49.4 49.4
5

150

530 550
150

Common Brick Cellulose Cement, Powder Clay, Dry Copper Cotton

Glass

o.22 o.37 o.20 o.22 o.o9 o.31 o.11-0.20

260
150 137

ethyl

0.5

555 30
165

Benzine Carbon Disulfide

Ca

176 I 115 I
t67 I

56.1

80.7

lron
Lead
Leath
N e

o.l2
o.03 o.36
o.1
1

480

704
54 550 60
150

rbon
lo rid e

ickel Paper
Po rcela in

Tetrach

99.5 56.1

Rubber Silver
Steel Tin

o.45 o.26 o.46 o.06 o.72 0.40 0.o9

Ethyl Acetate Glycerine

t77 I 318 I

Water
Wood

o.06
1.00.

Tinc

55.80 655 490 450 62.5 20-50 440

For ilIore lnformation . , ,

and
assistance

in applying Sylvania Infrared

Lamps

for

process

heating or comfort heating, phone the engineering service of your local utility, a manufacturer of infrared equipment, or your nearest Sylvania District Sales Office.

smr\
Turpentine
Water

54.3 62.5

2r2 I

Equipment and Ovens are Available from Infrared Equipment Manufacturers . . . for use with Sylvania Infrared Quartz Lamps and the Ciear and Reflector type Infrared Lamps.
Printed

7EwERA| TETE7Hn|VE eEtECTBfutVrcS STREET . SALEM. MASSACHUSETTS

in

U.S.A.

1,220.9/63 A DR Supereedes t-204