Issue Estoppel : Issue decided at earlier occasion is binding on parties and it raise estoppel. Supreme Court Cr Appeal No.

645 of 20 2 Sangeetaben !a"endrab"ai #atel $s. State of %u&arat 5. '"is Court "as time and again e(plained t"e principle of issue estoppel in a criminal trial obser)ing t"at *"ere an issue of fact "as beentried b+ a competent court on an earlier occasion and a finding "as been recorded in fa)our oft"e accused, suc" a finding *ould constitute an estoppel or res &udicata against t"e prosecution, not as a bar to t"e trial and con)iction of t"e accused for a different or distinct offence, but as precluding t"e acceptance-reception of e)idence to disturb t"e finding of fact *"en t"e accused is tried subse.uentl+ for a different offence. '"is rule is distinct from t"e doctrine of double &eopard+ as it does not pre)ent t"e trial of an+ offence but onl+ precludes t"e e)idence being led to pro)e a fact in issue as regards *"ic" e)idence "as alread+ been led and a specific finding "as been recorded at an earlier criminal trial. '"us, t"e rule relates onl+ to t"e admissibilit+ of e)idence *"ic" is designed to upset a finding of fact recorded b+ a competent court in a pre)ious trial on a factual issue. /$ide: #ritam Sing" 0 Anr. ). '"e State of #un&ab, AI1 256 SC 4 53 !anipur Administration, !anipur ). '"o4c"om 5ira Sing", AI1 265 SC 673 8or4men of t"e %u&arat Electricit+ 5oard, 5aroda ). %u&arat Electricit+ 5oard, 5aroda, AI1 270 SC 673 and 5"anu 9umar :ain ). Arc"ana 9umar 0 Anr., AI1 2005 SC 626;. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Supreme Court Cr Appeal No. 67 of 20 = 1a)inder Sing" $s. Su4"bir Sing" 0 >rs. 6. '"e principle of issue?estoppel is also 4no*n as @cause of action estoppelA and t"e same is different from t"e principle of double &eopard+ or3 autre fois ac.uit, as embodied in Section 40= Cr.#.C. '"is principle applies *"ere an issue of fact "as been tried b+ a competent court on a former occasion, and a finding "as been reac"ed in fa)our of an accused. Suc" a finding *ould t"en constitute an estoppel, or res &udicata against t"e prosecution but *ould not operate as a bar to t"e trial and con)iction of t"e accused, for a different or distinct offence. It *ould onl+ preclude t"e reception of e)idence t"at *ill disturb t"at finding of fact alread+ recorded *"en t"e accused istried subse.uentl+, e)en for a different offence, *"ic" mig"t be permitted b+ Section 40=/2; Cr.#.C. '"us, t"e rule of issue estoppel pre)ents re?litigation of an issue *"ic" "as been determined in a criminal trial bet*een t"e parties. If *it" respect to an offence, arising out of a transaction, a trial "as ta4en place and t"e accused "as been ac.uitted, anot"er trial *it" respect to t"e offence alleged to arise out oft"e transaction, *"ic" re.uires t"e court to arri)e at a conclusion inconsistent *it" t"e conclusion reac"ed at t"e earlier trial, is pro"ibited b+ t"e rule of issue estoppel. In order to in)o4e t"e rule of issue estoppel, not onl+ t"e parties in t"e t*o trials s"ould be t"e same but also, t"e fact in issue, pro)ed or not, as present in t"e earlier trial, must be identical to *"at is soug"t to be re?agitated in t"e subse.uent trial. Ift"e cause of action *as determined to e(ist, i.e., &udgment *as gi)en on it, t"e same is said to be mergedin t"e &udgment. If it *as determined not to e(ist, t"e unsuccessful plaintiff can no longer assert t"atit does3 "e is estopped per rem &udicatam. /See: !anipur Administration, !anipur ). '"o4c"om, 5ira Sing", AI1 265 SC 673 #iara Sing" ). State of #un&ab, AI1 262 SC 26 3 State of And"ra #rades" ). 9o44iligada !eeraia" 0 Anr., AI1 270 SC 77 3 !asud 9"an ). State of B.#., AI1 274 SC 263 1a)inder Sing" ). State of Car+ana, AI1 275 SC 6563 9an"i+a Dal >mar ). 1.9. 'ri)edi 0 >rs., AI1 266 SC 3 5"anu 9umar :ain ). Arc"ana 9umar 0 Anr., AI1 2005 SC 6263 and S*am+ Atmananda and >rs. ). Sri 1ama4ris"na 'apo)anam and >rs., AI1 2005 SC 2=22;.