Introduction:

The power curve verification is important for both power

output optimization and contractual promising check for
wind energy producers. However, the traditional power
curve verification by IEC61400-12A is costly and time
consuming due to the meteorological metmast tower
installation on test sites. The newly published IEC61400-
12B gives the possibility of verifying the power curve
and AEP (Annual Energy Production) by the existing
anemometers on the wind turbine nacelle. The purpose of
this project is to investigate how is the validation of
power performance method by IEC61400-12B under
different weather conditions (wind shear / temperature /
Turbulence intensity / wind direction variation) and
different types of terrain (Complex or flat terrain at site).
The 5 cup anemometer types for performance evaluation.
Test Turbine and Test Site :
Determine free, undisturbed sectors. Surrounding
landscape, terrain, obstacles influence power production.
A=6.7 K =2.07
Unvalid Wind Direction Data Elimination.
Discard data where anemometer is within WT
downstream sector. Discard data affected by obstacles.
Manually discard wrong data due to abnormal WT
o p e r a t i o n o r me a s u r e me n t s ys t e m e r r o r s .
Wind Turbine Power Performance Verification
by Anemometer on the Nacelle
Bing Liu, Department of Electric Power Engineering, NTNU
Bing.liu@ntnu.no
Turbulence Intensity (TI) Influence to Power Curve
Low TI: (0, 8), Normal TI: (8, 15), High TI: (15, :)
Turbulence Intensity distribution Power Curve comparison
Different TI did not bring significant impact to the NTF
based Power Curve by IEC61400-12B.
Complex Terrain NTF Analysis
Hilly test site presents obstacles and neighbouring WT.
Site calibration was executed according IEC61400-12-
1 due to topographical variations of complex terrain.
In complex terrain, different wind shear brings slight
deviation to power curve & AEP.
Conclusions:
The IEC61400-12B power performance evaluation
method has acceptable variation with IEC61400-12A.
Different wind shear / temperature / Turbulence
intensity / wind direction variation and different types
of terrain (complex or flat) will NOT bring significant
deviation to power curve & AEP. (less than 3.54% at
wind speed 4m/s @ complex terrain.)
P2 = Power corrected to standard conditions
(15C, 1013 mBar)
P = Uncorrected (measured) power
= Test air density
t2 = Air temperature, degrees Kelvin
t2 = t + 273.15, where
t = air temperature (measured) in degrees C
p = Barometric pressure (measured), mbar
Nacelle Transfer Function (NTF)
The NTF is the relationship between the measured wind
speed on nacelle and the actual wind speed when it is free
stream.
Wind Shears Influence to Power Curve & AEP
Wind shear is the change in wind speed or direction with
height in the atmosphere. The data was divided into 3
groups, representing the different wind shear scope to
compare the power curves.
In the higher wind speed sections, different wind shear
did not bring significant impact to the NTF based Power
Curve. In lower wind speed, different wind shear brings
slight deviation to power curve & AEP.
NTF
0,8
0,85
0,9
0,95
1
1,05
1,1
1
,5
6
5
6
3
,0
3
2
4
,4
8
6
4
6
,0
3
2
6
7
,5
0
7
1
8
,9
9
9
1
1
0
,5
0
7
2
1
2
,0
1
8
8
1
3
,4
9
3
8
1
4
,9
6
7
5
1
6
,4
7
4
6
1
7
,9
6
7
2
1
9
,5
0
6
4
2
0
,8
9
2
7
Bi n Wi nd speed Nacel l e
B
i
n

V
_
R
a
t
i
o
NTF
0 5 10 15 20 25
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
[-]
(m/s)


Windshear vsWmain mean -GEC -
0.1>WindShear Low
0.3>WindShear0.1(LOOP1) Normal
0.4 WindShear0.3(LOOP2) High
0,4(LOOP3) Extremehigh
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0
2,9558277
4,5427212
6,0193556
7,5636422
9,0392152
10,504345
11,961577
13,516615
14,992273
16,493889
PC_IEC12-1
PC_IEC12-2
PC_IEC12-2_LOOP1
PC_IEC12-2_LOOP2
PC_IEC12-2_LOOP3
Comparison of Extrapolated AEP
92,00%
94,00%
96,00%
98,00%
100,00%
102,00%
104,00%
106,00%
108,00%
110,00%
112,00%
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ral ei gh Hub Hei ght wi nd speed (m/s)
A
E
P
(%
) re
fe
r to
IE
C
1
2
-1
Normal shear
All LOOPs
Normal shear
High shear
Extreme high
0 5 10 15 20 25
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
[%
]
(m/s)


Turbulence Intensity Wmain vsWmain mean -GEC -
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2,9387798
4,6048525
6,017126
7,5346471
9,0145354
10,50765
12,000806
13,537258
14,989778
16,517643
17,965598
19,426841
IEC12-1
PC_IEC12-2_LOOP1
PC_IEC12-2_LOOP2
99,73% 9392,43 100,01% 9418,66 100,24% 9440,22 9417,43 11
99,76% 8671,54 100,00% 8692,76 100,35% 8723,03 8692,33 10
99,83% 7718,58 99,99% 7730,88 100,54% 7773,37 7731,73 9
99,99% 6548,36 99,96% 6546,26 100,86% 6605,45 6549,01 8
100,35% 5198,32 99,90% 5174,99 101,45% 5255,64 5180,37 7
101,15% 3741,37 99,77% 3690,62 102,60% 3794,96 3698,97 6
103,04% 2312,77 99,57% 2235,01 104,93% 2355,23 2244,56 5
108,09% 1113,8 99,70% 1027,41 109,97% 1133,21 1030,48 4
IEC 12-2 IEC 12-2 IEC 12-2 IEC 12-1
Normal
TI 8-15
Low TI
0-8 All LOOPs
Extrapolated AEP
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2
,1
2
3
,0
5
3
,9
6
5
,0
3
6
,0
1
7
,0
1
7
,9
8
9
,0
1
9
,9
9
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
1
9
,9
PC_IEC12-1
PC_IEC12-2
99,84% 12197,39 12177,95 11
99,87% 10910,56 10896,26 10
99,92% 9346,15 9339,064 9
100,03% 7583,771 7586,19 8
100,25% 5738,731 5752,792 7
100,68% 3948,763 3975,519 6
101,58% 2363,007 2400,455 5
103,54% 1122,475 1162,182 4
IEC 12-2 IEC 12-1
Extrapolated
AEP
ElectricalEngineerworking8
yearswithGEWindand
SiemensLtd.China
WindEnergyMasterProgram
@DTUDenmark
PhDStipendiat p Instituttfor
elkraftteknikk,Researchfocus:
OffshoreWindFarmElectrical
System&Transmission.
BingLiu, PhDStipendiat p Instituttforelkraftteknikk,NTNU,Apr.2008toMar.2012
Mobile:48356188