Code No: RR320403 Set No.

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III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is meant by circuit loading when measurements are made in electronic
circuits lab, indicate steps to avoid the same.
(b) Is it necessary that every digital voltmeter should have a high input im-
pedance? Give reasons.
(c) How are digital voltmeters are classified? Explain with examples. [3+6+7]

2. (a) Discuss the bridge which is used for the precision measurement of capacitors
and their insulating properties. How does the balancing conditions help in
finding the reactance of the unknown component and its dissipation factor.
(b) A bridge has 2000 ohm in one arm and its opposite arm has a capacitor of
value 0.5µF The arm to the right of resistor arm is having 1000 ohm in shunt
with a 0.5 µF The arm opposite to this arm is connected with the unknown
component. Find the value of the component and its dissipation factor. [8+8]

3. (a) Why is Wagner’s additional ground connection made?

(b) Why does not this connection affect the balance conditions?
(c) What are problems associated with shielding? How they are handled.[5+5+6]

4. (a) Explain briefly about frequency synthesizer using PLL.

(b) What is a comparator? Explain how it is used in frequency measurement?
[8+8]

5. Describe the following:

(a) Sources of Synchronisation.

(b) Blanking circuit
(c) Focus control. [6+5+5]

6. (a) Explain the two types of Spectrum Analyzers. [2x3=6]

(b) Explain the following terms associated with Spectrum Analyzer. [3x2=6]
i. Sensitivity
ii. Dynamic Range
iii. Harmonic Mixing
(c) Compare the selectivity characteristics of the Spectrum Analyzer and Wave
Analyzer. [4]

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 1
7. (a) Show and explain the capacitive transducer arrangement to measure angular
velocity and what are its limitations? [2+4+2=8]
(b) What are the disadvantages of capacitive transducers? [4]
(c) What are the uses of capacitive transducers? [4]

8. (a) With neat sketches and suitable equations explain the working of a capacitive
transducer?
(b) Explain the operation of a potentiometric transducer. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the general classes of errors?

(b) The voltage generated by a circuit is equally dependant on the value of three
resistors and is given by the following equation Vout = R1R2/ R3 If the tol-
erance of each resistor is 0.1 percent, what is the maximum error of generated
voltage?
(c) The current passing through a resistor of 100± 0.2ohm is 2.00± 0.01A. Using
the relationship P = I2 R, calculate the limiting error in the computed value
of power dissipation. [4+6+6]

2. (a) A Maxwell bridge is used to measure an inductive impedance at a frequency

of 3 kHz. The bridge constants at balance are arm 1: a capacitor of value
0.02 µ F in shunt with 390 kohm; arm 3 opposite to the arm 1 is having the
unknown component; the other arms have each 18 kohm resistor. Find the
equivalent series circuit of the unknown impedance. What is the value af the
quality factor?
(b) What is the usual procedure for balancing the Maxwell bridge? What is the
necessity for following such a procedure? Explain with the circuit diagram.
[8+8]

3. (a) Describe the design and constructional features of employed in PTs for reduc-
tion of ratio and phase angle errors.
(b) A single phase PT has a turns ratio of 3900/65. The nominal secondary voltage
is 63 V and the total equivalent resistance and leakage reactance referred to
the secondary side are 2 Ω and 1 Ω respectively. Calculate the ratio and phase
angle errors when the transformer is supplying a burden of 100 + j 220 Ω.State
the assumptions made. [10+6]

4. (a) Explain briefly about frequency synthesizer using PLL.

(b) What is a comparator? Explain how it is used in frequency measurement?
[8+8]

5. (a) Draw the neat block diagram of a general purpose oscilloscope and explain its
basic operation.
(b) Explain the following terms:
i. Fluorescence

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 2
ii. Phosphorescence
iii. Persistence. [7+9]

6. (a) Explain the two types of Spectrum Analyzers. [2x3=6]

(b) Explain the following terms associated with Spectrum Analyzer. [3x2=6]
i. Sensitivity
ii. Dynamic Range
iii. Harmonic Mixing
(c) Compare the selectivity characteristics of the Spectrum Analyzer and Wave
Analyzer. [4]

7. (a) Explain the operation of piezoelectric type accelerometer.

(b) Explain the operation of platinum resistance thermometer. [8+8]

8. (a) Show with an example, how the capacitive transducer has excellent frequency
response?
[8]
(b) What is temperature co-efficient of resistor? Explain in detail. [3+5=8]

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Draw the block diagram of a successive approximation type of DVM with the
help of neat schematic diagram.
(b) How is the time taken to complete one measurement cycle in case of a suc-
cessive approximation A/D converter is estimated. Illustrate with neat logic
diagram. [6+10]

2. The standard resistor arm of a Wheatstone bridge has a range from 0 to 100 ohm
with a resolution of 0.001 ohm. The galvanometer has an internal resistance of 100
ohm and can be read to 0.5 µA. The other two arms have each 1 kohm. The bridge
is supplied with a 10 V DC source. When the unknown resistance is 50 ohm, what
is the resolution of the bridge in

(a) ohms and

(b) per cent of the unknown. [16]

3. (a) Discuss how a Q-meter can be employed to determine the distributed capaci-
tance Cd of a coil.
(b) Compute the self-capacitance of a coil when the following measurements are
made At f1 = 2 MHz the tuning capacitor is set at 450pF. When the frequency
is increased to 5 MHz, the tuning capacitor is tuned to 60pF. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain briefly with a block diagram the operation of a temperature compen-
sated crystal oscillator.
(b) Distinguish between asynchronous and synchronous counters. [8+8]

5. (a) Derive the equations for Resistive voltage divider and capacitive voltage di-
vider of compensated attenuator .
(b) Explain the method of finding phase, frequency relationship of two waveforms
using Lissajous figures.
(c) What are the advantages of using an active probe. [6+6+4]

6. (a) Draw the block diagram of a spectrum analyzer of the swept-receiver design
and explain it. [4+6]
(b) Discuss the applications of Spectrum analyzer. [6]

7. (a) Explain how a load cell is employed to measure static and dynamic forces.

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 3
(b) Derive the expression for gauge factor for a strain guage. [8+8]

8. (a) What are the main characteristics of a high vacuum gauge? How are they
used for measurement? [10]
(b) Enumerate the principles behind an inductive transducer. [6]

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Code No: RR320403 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Draw the block diagram of a Chopper stabilized amplifier and explain its
working principle.
(b) What would a true RMS reading meter indication if a pulse wave form of
10V peak and a 25 percent duty cycle were applied? What would the meter
indicate if a 5V d.c. input were applied. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the technique of measuring resistance using Wheatstone bridge.
(b) Express the unknown resistance value in terms of the other circuit elements.
(c) Compare the measuring accuracy of a Wheatstone bridge with the accuracy
of an ordinary ammeter. [6+4+6]
3. (a) With suitable sketches discuss how the Wilson compensation method reduces
both ratio and phase errors in a CT.
(b) What are the two types of CTs? Discuss their constructional features with
figures. [8+8]
4. (a) Illustrate with block diagram the direct synthesis method.
(b) Mention and explain different applications of synthesizers. [8+8]
5. Describe the following:
(a) Sources of Synchronisation.
(b) Blanking circuit
(c) Focus control. [6+5+5]
6. (a) Explain the FM recording method.
(b) Write short notes on X-Y Plotters. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the operation of piezoelectric type accelerometer.
(b) Explain the operation of platinum resistance thermometer. [8+8]
8. (a) When a high value of gauge factor desirable, what type of strain gauge should
be used and why? [6]
(b) Explain its working [5]
(c) What are its specific advantages? [5]

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