Anaerobic + Aerobic

ORGANIC MATTER

ANAEROBIC PROCESS

MICROORGANISMS (SLUDGE)

BIOGAS (CH4 , CO2) MICRORGANISMS (SLUDGE)

(CO2 , H2O)

ENERGY (O2)

AEROBIC PROCESS

Operative environmental factors

Temperature
Mesofilic: 20 - 40 C Optimum: 35 C

pH
6,50 - 7,50 units Optimum: 7,00

Nutrients
COD (BOD):N:P = (100) : 5 : 1

Biodegradability
COD <3 BOD

TSS < 500 mg/l FOG < 50 mg/l Inhibition / toxicity

Lab tests Pilot plant tests

SUSPENDED BED SYSTEMS

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Activated sludge

Flocculent mass of microorganisms with a high active surface to stabilize organic matter

Activated Sludge
Oxygen consumption within the system corresponds to:

Overall removal

Organic Matter Removal

Biological floc formation Organic matter oxidation

Contact time

Microorganisms duty Soluble organic matter removal Coagulation of organic matter for later precipitation Recirculation of active microorganisms to keep on regenerating

wastewater mixed liquor

Regenerated
Activated sludge

Aerobic Process
Raw wastewater
Preliminary / Primary Treatment EQUALIZATION

Energy O2

N,P,H+ ,OH-

Aeration Tank
Sludge Dewatering

Secondary Settler

Waste sludge

Recirculation of settled cells

Q,Si xr Qr,Xr Qw,Xr,Se x Se Q+ Qr Q-Qw,Se Xe

S = Substrate (BOD)
X = Biomass (g/L) Q = flow rate

ACTIVATED SLUDGE
General Schematic of AS Operation
Pretreated ww Treated ww Aeration Tk

Recirculation Waste sludge

TYPES OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS

Conventional Extended aeration Complete mix SBR

S B R R E A C T O R S

Activated Sludge
Conventional Plug Flow System
Pretreated ww Treated ww

Recirculation Waste sludge

Characteristics:

Td(hrs): 4 8 Sludge age (days): 5 15 Recirculation rate(%): 25 -75 Sensible to high loads Sludge production: 0.5 0.8 kg/kg BOD removed

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Complete mix
Pretreated ww Treated ww

Recirculation Waste Sludge

Characteristics:

Td (hrs): 3 5 Sludge age (days): 5 15 Recirculation rate (%): 25 -100 Sensible to high loads

Activated Sludge
Extended aeration
Pretreated ww Treated ww

Recirculation Waste sludge

Characteristics:

Td (hrs): 18 - 36 Activated Sludge (d): 20 - 30 Recirculation rate (%): 50 - 150 Sludge production: 0.4 0.6 kg/kg BOD REMOVED Accept high loads

Lodos Activados

Variaciones operativas del proceso

Oxidation Ditch: corresponds to a variation of the extended aeration

Pretreated ww Treated ww

Recirculation Waste Sludge

Carrousel shape Velocity across carrousel > 0.4 m/s to avoid particle settling. Aeration mechanisms: mammooth units or aspirators, mainly

Activated Sludge

Several Oxidation Ditch examples

Funza

Guatavita

Cota

Facatativ

PTL Doa Juana

OXIDATION DITCH
Extended Aeration Oxygenated and anoxic zones Endogenous phase High BOD removals N removals > 80%
DEWATERING

RECIRCULATION

MLSS
INFLUENT

Effluent

OXIDATION DITCH

SETTLER

OLD OXIDATION DITCH

O. D. FOR NUTRIENT REMOVAL

 Surface aerators

Blowers
Summersed aerators Aspirators

BLOWERS FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE IN SMALL COMMUNITIES

SLUDGE LOAD (Ls)

F/M

Kg BOD/kg MLSS-d

F/M = Q * (Si Se) = (Si Se) V * Xv * Xv

Xv = SSV
= TRH

Ls = L (Kg DBO/d)
Vtk * M

M = MLSS
L = BOD LOAD

Process

Organic Load Kg BOD/Kg SSLM-d

Volumetric Load Kg BOD5/m3d

Td Hr

Sludge age Days

MLSS Kg/m3

Extended Aeration Conventional Complete Mix

0.05 0.25 0.2-0.5 0.2-0.6

< 0.4 0.3-1.0 0.8-2.0

>18 4-10 >4

12-30 5-12 5-12

3-6 1.5-3 2.5-6

Contact stabilization Contact Stabilization 0.2-0.6 0.5-1.2 0.5-3 3-6 5-15 1-3 4-10

IN AERATION TK

SLUDGE YIELD 0.5 Kg/d sludge/Kg BOD removed

Wasted to keep balance

SLUDGE AGE

Biomass detention time: to assimilate substrate and reproduce (d)

= solids mass in aeration Tk (V * Xv) Solids removal rate from the system

SLUDGE AGE

Biomass detention time: to assimilate substrate and reproduce (d)

Sludge dry weight in the system(VTk * M)

=

Total sludge yield (Qw * Mr)

HOW TO COMPUTE SLUDGE AGE

SSV AerationTK SRT VSS wasted Flow VSS effluent Flow effluent Volume VSS Volume

AerationTK

clarifiier

clarifier

IN AERATION TK
SLUDGE CONCENTRATION 10,000 mg/L

REQUIRED IN THE REACTOR:

REACTOR VOLUME: SLUDGE WEIGHT:

2500 mg/L
50 m3

2500 X 50/1000

SLUDGE VOLUME:

125,000 g/10 g/L

SETTLING CAPACITY
SVI = 85 -150
Volume in ml occupied by 1 g of sludge after settled

READING 40-60 %

30 min

MIXED LIQUOR IN AERATION TK

SVI (ml/g) = Vsludge(ml)/Wsludge (g MLSS)

Activated sludge floc

1.

Weak (pin floc) (100X)

Idem (1000X) With filamentous mo (100X) Filamentous net (1000X; bar = 100 micras)

2. 3.

4.

PROBLEMS IN THE SYSTEM

PROBLEMS IN THE SYSTEM

PROBLEMS IN THE SYSTEM