Chidera Ofonedu Ares Shackleford 1/24/14 Period: 4B

Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources African-American Troops During the Civil War. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A group of African American troops can be seen in this picture. Even though the civil war was a war fought because of slavery, african americans still fought on both sides of the fight. American Flag. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A picture of the American flag is shown. This picture is used to represent the picture for reconstruction because reconstruction is about reuniting the nation. Am I Not a Man and a Brother? N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This picture was the main image that was associated with the abolition movement at the time. It shows a black man on his knees asking anyone reading the picture if he is not a man or a brother. Bass, Jack. A-0001. Prod. Linda Killen. Southern Oral History Program. University of North Carolina, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. This audio gives a first hand account of Richard Arrington, who is now a city councilman in Birmingham, who went through the Cvil Rights movement. It also gives background of what it was like for Richard Arrington in at the time. He explains how he involved himself in the government, what he supported, and what his opinion was with the whole movement itself. he also explains what his role was in the committee, what he did to bring about the committee itself, and what the committee's role was in the community. Gives a back story on his campaign including the

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financial costs. How his compaing helped the community, after he was elected his efforts into making the community equal only errupted. He went to the athourities first. It was there that his committee solved the segregational and oppressive problems. Then from there he went to the economics of the city, such as the distribution of foodstamps to the poor. Education never left his mind in the effort. Him and his committee put forth better educational oppertunities for the African Americans. Black Codes of Mississippi (1865)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. Black codes were a set of regulations made to limit the equality of African Americans. Despite black people recently being set freed from slavery intense racism still existed. In a famous trial of Plessy v. Ferguson the civil rights of an African American were questioned and the Supreme Court was forced to make a set rules for African American civil rights. "Carmichael at rally." Gale Student Resources in Context. Gale, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. This picture is showing one of the many rally's that occured at the time of the Civil Rights Movement. Carmichael, the man at the podeum, appears to be giving one of his rallys to get more people to support the African American Civil Rights campain. He was one of the many historic figures who did this including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and many others. City of Westminister. Westminister City Council, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. <http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/libraries/archives/blackpresence/07/>. Provides a brief description of Olaudah Equiano. It briefly states that Olaudah Equiano was the first political leader in Britain's black community. It also provides his historical

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background, including where he was born, in 1745 in Nigeria. Finally, the source provides a photograph of Olaudah Equiano himself. The Civil Rights Act. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. The Civil Rights Act is being signed by congress to please African Americans and the Civil Rights Leaders. Civil Rights Movement in the USA. N.d. Image. This is a very generic image of the word civil rights movement. Inside all of the letters in the image are pictures are famous civil rights activists. Confederate Flag and American Flag, 2008. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. The whole purpose of having this photograph is to show the comparison between the confederate and American Flag. They both use the same color arrangement and have stars on both but there are some key differences. 1863 Engraving of Growing Free Black Population. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A picture shows a city full of black and white people living in the same place together. The white people look anxious and nervous though because they are not use to African Americans living with them. 1863 Slave Responding to Emancipation Proclamation. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A picture of a former slave holding his hands up is being shown. This picture was made to show how happy slaves were after the Emancipation Proclamation was said by President Lincoln. 1839 Illustration from Anti-Slavery Almanac. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A cartoon that shows white people forcing black people back to Africa. This picture has two interpretations. One side is that the white man is giving black people independence by

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going back to their homeland or white people are getting rid of their problem and pushing them some where else. 1451-1870: African Slave Trade. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A map is shown of the routes used during the slave trade. All of the boat passageways used to export slaves out of Africa is shown on this map. John F. Kennedy with Civil Rights March Leaders. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This picture shows Civil Rights leaders with President John F. Kennedy. This shows that at the time the picture was taken, the congress is trying to make more equality rights for African Americans. King, Martin Luther, Jr. I Have a Dream. Prod. Ben Franske. Internet Archive. Community Audio, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/MLKDream>. Giving his thought of how things are in the U.S and what he believe the U.S should be to come. Explaining what he wants to happen to African-Americans for generations to come. Such as the want of no descrimination against them because of their skin color but by their actions instead. Explaing that he wants true equality for all the citizens of the U.S. He wants no oppression upon Afrcan-Americans by society just because of their skin color or segregation in public and school areas in that sense either. (primary source) Leaders of Civil Rights Movement. N.d. PBS. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. This picture shows multiple civil Rights Leaders. Most famous of the leaders in the picture is Martin Luthor King Jr. These leaders mad this group to fight for equality throughout the nation. Missing Negro Boy Found Shot to Death in River. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. The article talks about a murder of a black boy. The black boy was seen flirting with a white

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woman which at the time was against the Jim Crow laws, so the woman's husband was obviously mad. Because he was mad he decided to kill the boy. This article shows the mistreatment of african americans at the time. Modern American History. Modern American History, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. <http://blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1005spring2011/tag/civil-rights-movement/>. The following provides much information on different aspects of the Ninteen Hundreds and early Twentieth century. Including The Women's Movement, 9/11/01, and in particular, The Civil Rights Movement. It gives insight on some of the failed attemps, throught legistlation, to enacting Civil Rights for African Americans. Such as the Truman era where President Truman had attempmted to provide ideas of anti-segregation acts to abolish racial descrimination. But it was not a good idea at the time because America was already dealing with trouble of The Cold War against The Soviet Union. Therefore American's did not agree with Truman's motives for the abolishment of racial descrimination. O'Neill, Claire. "African Americans and The Civil War." National Public Radio. National Public Radio, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. <http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2011/04/07/135218064/african-americans-andthe-civil-war>. African American's at the time of the American Civil War truely wanted to be granted their equal rights. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment inspired many more African Americans into striving for their equal rights. Even though the regiment, along with several other infantries, lost the battle at Fort Wagner, their courage and perserverence granted them more opertunities in the United States.

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Parks, Rosa, and Jim Haskins. Rosa Parks My Story. New York City: Penguin, 1992. Print. Rosa Parks, in her autobiography, she begins with the all-famous bus incident where she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to the white people who came onto the bus. She then dates back to her earliest memories from her childhood where she was being treated with respect from a few whites, particularly the "yankee" (an old saying for Northern soldiers after World War 1) who had come to visit Rosa's family when she was five or six. Then she goes a bit further after that to her education. She gives insight on what it was like for her, what she had to do in terms of travel in order to recieve her education. Later on she goes into what she did as an adult, what Civil Rights organizations she joined or helps found. She then concludes the book with how through all the effort she has put forth with many of the supporters and followers, she and many other Civil Rights leaders such as Dr. King changed the ways of the Nation. President Lincoln Greets Contrabands. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This picture reveals Lincoln with newly released former slaves. These African Americans are praising him like Moses or a liberator. The Signing of the Civil Rights Act. N.d. SIRS. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This is a step that gives black people a little bit closer to their sole goal of equality. This signing gave people the true equality they served. Racism still existed though but, America slowly got better. Sophia Smith Collection. 1851 Portrait: Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society. 1851. Sophia Smith Collection. Smith Coll. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. <http://sks.sirs.com/cgibin/hst-graphic-single?id=SMD84208-06884&keyno=0000128671&artno=0000128671&auth_checked=Y>. This photograph taken in 1851 show a photo of an anti-slavery organization. These abolitionists show that

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despite the efforts of this group and many other groups it was still difficult to promote black people into areas of society due to many racists and discrimination. Even though blacks got freed from slavery therefore many black equality groups such as this one disbanded but, the racism did not stop there.(primary source) University of California Santa Cruz. University of California, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. Gives a vast list of primary sources from many databases, and audio recordings from interviews with people during the Civil Rights movement. Year of Water. University of Pennsylvania, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014. <https://secure.www.upenn.edu/themeyear/water/middle-passage-overview.html>. This source provides a photograph of what it was like on the boats on the Middle Passage.

Secondary Sources African American Religious Intellectuals and the Theological Foundations of the Civil Rights Movement, 1930-55. N.p.: Gale Student Resources in Context, 2007. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. This sourse gives an overview of Civil Rights Movement and goes into detail of the different causes to the movement. It also provides insight on some key people who played a key role in the progression of the rights that came after. It aslo dates back to the earliest times of the Movement in the 1920's with people like Benjamin E. Mays being key figures at that time. having conflicted religious struggles was a point brought up, whether or not African American's should choose to be Christian or Muslum. Also explaind the ways the African Americans dealt with problems such as the Jim Crow Laws.

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Bois, W.E.B. Du. "Editorial about the NAACP." World War I and the Jazz Age. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources In Context. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. This source is vey brief summary of what the NAACP are and what they do. NAACP stands for National Association of Advancement of Colored People. This group along with multiple other groups help made equality for better then its ever been for black people. Groups like this made Colored people and white people one of the same like they should've been treated like in the first place. civil rights movement." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. The "Civil Rights movement" article goes in to long detail about the history of the civil rights movement made by african americans. The timeline starts at slavery and ends with what all races mostly have now, equality. This text talks about many important groups and names as Martin Luthor King Jr. , Abraham Lincoln, or NAACP( Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People). DISCovering Multicultural America. N.p.: Gale Cengage Learning, 2003. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOve rType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view &displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&disp layGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityTyp e=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2116100020&userGroupName=fult77531&jsid =ee5775f4db55d253913b8f649c34695a>. This reference on William Edward Burghardt Du Bois provides the necessary information on what views he had on how to solve the racial problems the U.S was having towards African-Americans, wanting African-

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Americans to gain political power rather than to recieve a good education. It also gives some insight on what different organization(s) and/or groups he had helped found such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 and the Advancement of the Negro Race committee. It breifly lists the various books he had writen such as The Souls of Black Folk (1903), John Brown (1909), Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), and many more. It then also gives explains how William had given up on his hopes on America ever fixing its racial problems by him leaving to Gahna and then later goining the communist party in 1961. (primary source) John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. Gives insight of the political figures that played a key role to the uprising of Civil Rights for African Americans. Figures such as John F. Kennedy had much influence of the American people, it was with this influence that Civil Rights activist Martin Luthur King Junior tookk advantage of through John F. Kennedy to reach out to the American people. With this political power that Martin L. King had with John F. Kennedy they, with all their supporters, were able to bring about justice to the violence and discrimination against Afrcan Americans. In fact, sergregation against Afrcan Americans in Ole Miss University was brought to an end as one of the results to the uprising to Civil Rights. James H. Meredith, Jr., an African American Air Force veteran, was a man who, after many failed attemps, could not get accepted into the university. But with the help of John F. Kennedy and the National Gaurd, that, and the segregation against African Americans at Ole Miss University, was brought to an end.

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Special Collections & University Archives. UMass Amherst, n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. The webpage is primarily focused on the Niagara movement. It goes into detail on the Key figures in the group such as the all famous W.E.B Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. These two men helped found the Niagara Movement through he "National Strategy board" and promoted the equality for African Americans. With W.E.B. Du Bois the movement had gained up to 107 members by the end of their first year in commission.