Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.

edu/chh

Toxicology Problem Set N !"# $enny Truong

Chemicals & Human Health Toxicology Problem Set# Student Sheet &irections nswer the 're()uestions *circle the answer in the Pre(+uestions column,. .o to the website www.biology.arizona.edu/chh and clic/ on the lin/ to the Toxicology Problem Set. C. Write the correct answer in the column labeled Correct nswer. ll o0 the answers can be 0ound in the Toxicology Problem Set. &. "x'lain the correct answer.
. -.

Pre(+uestions
*circle the answer you thin/ is correct,

Corre ct ns wer
*write the letter o0 the correct answer 0rom the website,

"x'lain
*ex'lain the correct answer,

Which statement is the most correct1 . Chemicals manu0actured by humans are more dangerous to human health than naturally occurring chemicals. -. -oth natural and human(made chemicals are 'otentially toxic to humans. C. Naturally occurring chemicals are more 'oisonous to humans than synthetic chemicals. 4ne o0 the items below is a hazardous substance. 5our are sources o0 a hazardous substances. Which one is a hazardous substance1 . clogged 0urnace -. cigarette C. a dog &. 'aint a''lied be0ore 6789 ". dust mite 'arts

.i2e an exam'le o0 each Natural toxic substance#

3attlesna/e 'oison
!an(made toxic substance#

Pesticides li/e &&T

"

What is a common health e00ect o0 this hazard1

&ust mite 'articles

What is the source 0or this hazard1

&ust mites
:ist ; additional exam'les o0 a hazard and its source#

:ead(batteries nimal dander( cats and dogs

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh Which o0 the 0ollowing is N4T a 'ossible route o0 entry 0or a hazard1 . ingestion -. absor'tion C. ex'osure &. inhalation

Toxicology Problem Set

<ngestion *eating,=absor'tion *s/in,= inhalation *breathing,

N !"# $enny Truong &escribe the 'rimary ways a hazard can enter the body#

Which route o0 entry may result in more o0 the toxicant in the blood and why1

<nhalation(it enters the bloodstream the )uic/est

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"#

Toxicology Problem Set

When &&T= a 'esticide= enters the human body= it is . . water soluble and is easily excreted in urine. -. stored in the bones. C. not toxic= but is 'rocessed by enzymes and becomes a di00erent com'ound which is toxic. &. 0at soluble and can be stored in 0at tissue. Who too/ the largest dosage o0 as'irin1 . an adult woman who weighs 6;> lbs. and too/ ?@@ mg o0 as'irin -. a teenage boy who weighs 6?> lbs. and too/ %@@ mg o0 as'irin C. a baby who weighs ;@ lbs. and too/ 6@@ mg o0 as'irin

&

&e0ine solubility#The

ability to dissol2e in water or li'ids

What ty'e o0 chemical is more easily eliminated 0rom the body= water(soluble or 0at(soluble1

Water

-ased on your answer abo2e= is &&T easily eliminated 0rom our bodies1 Why1

No= it is stored in 0at tissue and does is not eliminated )uic/ly by excreting urine.

&

&e0ine dose#S'eci0ic

amount o0 chemical that enters the body

Calculate the dose 0or each 'erson/animal in the )uestion *show your calculations and include units,#

Woman( ?@@mg/6;>lbA;.Bmg/lb -oy(%@@mg/6?>lbAB.BBmg/lb -aby(6@@mg/;@lbA>mg/lb &og(>@mg/>lbA6@mg/lb

&. a chihuahua who weighs > lbs. and too/ >@ mg o0 as'irin Which will N4T hel' you C determine the dose o0 a hazardous gas recei2ed by a 'erson1 . their res'iration rate

Will the dose be higher or lower i0# a 'erson breathes more ra'idly1

-. their length o0 ex'osure to the gas C. the source o0 the gas &. their 0re)uency o0 ex'osure to the gas ". the concentration o0 the gas 5. the gasCs chemical and biological 'ro'erties

!ore
a 'erson is ex'osed once1

:ower

a 'erson is ex'osed o2er years1

Higher Higher

the gas is easily absorbed1

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"# !ost hazardous substances exhibit a Ddose(res'onse relationshi'.D What does this mean1 . The harm caused by the hazard increases as the amount o0 hazard entering the body *dose, increases. -. <t does not matter how big a dose you recei2e= you will always ha2e same amount o0 harm/sic/ness. C. "x'osure to the hazard always results in harm. &. 5i0ty 'ercent o0 the 'eo'le will die when ex'osed to @.6 mg//g. 0amily home has a clogged 0urnace that is 'roducing carbon monoxide= a hazardous gas. Which 0amily member is li/ely to be harmed the most1 . -illy= the son who is in 6st grade -. -aby Shea= who is going to be in 'reschool next year C. $arla= the nanny who cares 0or the toddler e2ery wee/day morning &. !s. Nguyen= the mother who wor/s at home. ". !r. Nguyen= the 0ather who wor/s at the Eni2ersity ll o0 the 'eo'le listed below li2e in the same house. Who is most li/ely to ex'erience toxic e00ects 0rom the second(hand smo/e1 . the grandmother= who is 2ery 0it -. the mother= who smo/es C. the 0ather= who smo/es &. the teenage daughter= who has asthma ". the son= who is in >th grade &raw a dose(res'onse cur2e#

Toxicology Problem Set

The baby is young so it wouldnFt /now the di00erence in gas and it wouldnFt thin/ o0 it to be bad.
.i2e ; reasons 0or your answer#

&

"x'lain your answer#

The daughter is already ex'eriencing sic/nesses due to the asthma which means she is the least healthy.

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh There are se2eral ways to control or reduce your ex'osure to a hazard. 4'ening a window in a room 0ull o0 'eo'le who are smo/ing is an exam'le o0 controlling your ex'osure to en2ironmental tobacco smo/e by . . treating the sym'toms o0 the hazard -. diluting the hazard C. distancing yoursel0 0rom the hazard &. remo2ing the hazard Which en2ironmental health scientist would determine ways to 're2ent and reduce ex'osure to second hand smo/e1

Toxicology Problem Set

The clean air would decrease the concentration o0 the smo/e

.i2e ; additional exam'les o0 how to control or reduce ex'osure to a hazard#

N !"# "x'lain your answer#

Wear 'rotecti2e gear and distancing yoursel0 0rom the hazard

&o any o0 the careers described in this )uestion interest you1 Why or why not1

6. a toxicologist ;. an e'idemiologist ?. an industrial hygienist B. an occu'ational and

en2ironmental medicine 'hysician >. a 'harmacologist

No= because < am not interested and would rather ha2e a Gob the < would lo2e to do

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