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DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING


POWER SYSTEMS IV
(PSYS401)
PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT

POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (POWER FLOW)

10/16/2013
Student number: 21141631
Student name: Claudio Vunda

Lecturer
Mr. John Wimbush

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1-INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1-OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 1
2-GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD ............................................................................................................... 2
2.1-MANUALLY CALCULATION USING GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD ...................................... 2
2.1.1- Y-BUS MATRIX CALCULATIONS .................................................................................. 2
2.1.2- BUS BAR-3 PHASOR VALUES CALCULATION USING GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD
(TWO ITERATIONS) .................................................................................................................... 3
3- POWER WORLD SIMULATION ..................................................................................................... 5
3.1-SIMULATION RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 5
3.2- ANALYSING A POWER SYSTEM USING POWER WORLD SIMULATOR ...................... 6
3.3- POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 8
3.3.1- POWER & POWER FACTOR SUPPLIED BY EACH GENERATOR ............................. 8
3.3.2- BUS-BARS VOLTAGES RESULT (S/S1-S4) .................................................................... 9
3.3.3- VALUE OF SHUNT REQUIRED ON BUSBARS SUB-BUS 1&2 ................................... 9
3.3.4- TRANSFORMER-4 DISCONNETED FROM THE SYSTEM WHILE SHUNT
CAPACITANCE IS ONLINE ........................................................................................................ 9
3.3.5- LINE BETWEEN FEEDER-2 AND POWER STATION-2 TRIPPED............................... 9
3.3.6- SYSTEM TO BLACK-OUT ................................................................................................ 9
4- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 10
5- REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 10
6-APPENDIX (a) .................................................................................................................................. 11
6.1- SCENARIO-1 (SHUNT VALUE INCERTED INTO SUB-BUS1 & SUB-BUS2) ................. 11
6.2- SCENARIO-2 (TRANSFORMER T4 OUT OF SERVICE) .................................................... 12
6.3- SCENARIO-3 LINE BETWEEN FEEDER2 & POWER STATION 2 FAULTED ................ 13

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Gauss-Seidel Single Line Diagram ......................................................................... 2
Figure 3.1: Power World Single Line Model............................................................................. 5
Figure 3.2: Main Single Line System Model ............................................................................. 8

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Voltage Magnitude and Angles ................................................................................ 5
Table 3.2: Line Flow and Line Losses ....................................................................................... 5
Table 3.3: Real and Reactive Power Supplied by Bus Bars ...................................................... 6
Table 3.4: Ybus Matrix .............................................................................................................. 6
Table 3.5: Line Data .................................................................................................................. 7
Table 3.6: Bus bar Data ............................................................................................................. 7
Table 3.7: Equipment Data ........................................................................................................ 7
Table 3.8: Generator Record Data ............................................................................................. 8
Table 3.9: Bus bar Record Data ................................................................................................. 9

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1-INTRODUCTION

The load flow and voltage drop studies give the range of actual voltages that can appear at the
load equipment terminals so as to confirm that the running voltages always stays within the
range permitted for each equipment.
This report gives details of comparison between Gauss-Seidel method manually calculating
the phase values (magnitude and angles) and using computer software (Power World) version
17.
In addition to that, the report also gives details on performing some power flow analysis on
different single line diagrams by simulating in different scenarios.

1.1-OBJECTIVES
Simulate a simple power transmission system using a computer software package
(Power World Simulator 17)
Performing some Power Systems analysis

2-GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD

2.1-MANUALLY CALCULATION USING GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD

Figure 2.1: Gauss-Seidel Single Line Diagram

This picture shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus bar power system with
generators at buses 1&3. The voltages, and load values are given. Line impedances are on
100MVA base. The voltage is 132KV; the resistance and capacitance of the line are
neglected.

2.1.1- Y-BUS MATRIX CALCULATIONS

y12=

= -j40;

y13=

= -j20;

y23=

Now lets get the Y-bus matrix coefficients:


Y11 = y12 + y13 = -j40-j20 = -j60;

Y22 = y12 + y23 = -j40-j32.71 = -j75.71;

Y33 = y13+y23 = -j20-j35.71 = -j55.71 Y12=Y21=- y12 = j40, Y13=Y31= - y13 = j20
Y23=Y32= - y23 = j35.71
Y-BUS MATRIX
YBUS= [

= -j35.71

2.1.2- BUS BAR-3 PHASOR VALUES CALCULATION USING GAUSS-SEIDEL


METHOD (TWO ITERATIONS)
The estimate initial values are: V3 (0) = 0.950 pu ; V1 (0) = 1.0250 pu; V2(0) = 10 pu
Lets first convert all the power in per unit values:
P3 =

= 3pu;

P2 =

= 4.5pu;

Q2 = =

= 2.5pu

The net-injected power in per unit at bus-bar 2 will be:


P2 = Pg2-PL2 = 0 - 4.5 = -4.5pu;

Q2 = Qg2 - QL2 = 0 - 2.5 = -2.5pu

As Bus3 is a voltage control bus (PV bus), we have to calculate the Q3 first:
Q3 = -Im *[(Y33V3 + Y31V1+ Y32V2) V3*]

Q3 = -Im *{0.950 [(55.710.95900.950) + (20901.0250) +


(35.719010)]

Q3 = -Im *[3.1290] = 3.12-90 = -j3.12 pu

Now we can start solving the iterations at Bus2&3, using the following formulas:
V2 (k+1) =

V3 (k+1) =

For k=0

V2 (1) =

V2 (1) = 0.958-3.55 pu
V3 (1) =

V3 (1) = 0.9221.2 pu

For k=1
V2 (2) =

V2 (2) = 0.947-3.344 pu

V3 (2) =

V3 (2) = 0.91471.52 pu

3- POWER WORLD SIMULATION

Using the information data from the figure 2.1 above the model below has been built in
Power World simulator.

Figure 3.1: Power World Single Line Model

3.1-SIMULATION RESULTS
Table 3.1: Voltage Magnitude and Angles

Number
1
2
3

Name
Bus-1
Bus-2
Bus-3

Bus Records
Nom
PU
kV
Volt
132
1
132 0.96377
132 0.99999

Volt
Angle
(kV)
(Deg)
132
0
127.218
-2.91
131.999
1.32

Table 3.2: Line Flow and Line Losses

From
Number
1
1
3

From To
Name Number
Bus-1
2
Bus-1
3
Bus-3
2

To
Name
Bus-2
Bus-3
Bus-2

Line Records
Branch
Device
MW
Type
From
Line
195.9
Line
-46
Line
254

Mvar MVA
MW
Mvar
From From
Loss
Loss
149.9
246.7
0
15.22
0.5
46
0
1.06
138.7
289.4
0
23.45

Table 3.3: Real and Reactive Power Supplied by Bus Bars

Number
of Bus
1
3

Name
of Bus
Bus-1
Bus-3

Generators Records
Gen
Gen
Min
Max
Min
MW
Mvar
AGC AVR MW MW
Mvar
Max Mvar
149.95 150.44 YES YES
0
1000
-9900
9900
300 139.24 YES YES
0
1000
-9900
9900

Table 3.4: Ybus Matrix

3.2- ANALYSING A POWER SYSTEM USING POWER WORLD SIMULATOR

It consists of a power station with two generators (Gen 1 & 2) which generate at 11KV. They
feed two 132KV lines through two transformers. At the far end of the line is a substation with
incoming EHV, (PwrSta 1 & 2). These are each connected to a transformer which steps the
voltage down to HV of 33KV. There are HV bus bars in the substation with a bus-section
between them. These bus bars feed a ring of four 33KV substations; each having loads as
indicated in the data sheets below.

Table 3.5: Line Data

Table 3.6: Bus bar Data

Table 3.7: Equipment Data

Figure 2.2: Main Single Line System Model

3.3- POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.3.1- POWER & POWER FACTOR SUPPLIED BY EACH GENERATOR

Based on the simulation result shown in table8 below, it can be seen that the generators are
equally shared.
Table 3.8: Generator Record Data

Number
of Bus
1
2

Name
of Bus Status
Gen1 Closed
Gen2 Closed

Gen
MW
63.92
70

Gen Records
Gen
Min
Mvar AVR MW
109.72 YES
55
109.71 YES
55

Max Min
Max
Power
MW Mvar Mvar factor
1000 -9900 9900 0.503
1000 -9900 9900 0.505

3.3.2- BUS-BARS VOLTAGES RESULT (S/S1-S4)

The table9 below shows the bus bars voltages of each bus load, and it can be seen that the
voltage drop in each bus bar are not acceptable because they are all below minimum voltage
drop variation (+/-5%) as stipulated by some companies or national/international standards.
Table 3.9: Bus bar Record Data

Bus Records
Nom
PU
Volt
Angle
Number Name kV
Volt
(kV)
(Deg)
9 S/S1
33 0.71545
23.61
-15.43
10 S/S2
33 0.65733 21.692
-20.27
11 S/S3
33 0.65057 21.469
-20.92
12 S/S4
33 0.72009 23.763
-14.88
3.3.3- VALUE OF SHUNT REQUIRED ON BUSBARS SUB-BUS 1&2

In order to pick the voltages on all bus bars within the minimum variation (+/-5%) a shunt of
90MVAr has been selected. See appendix (a) scenario-1
3.3.4- TRANSFORMER-4 DISCONNETED FROM THE SYSTEM WHILE SHUNT
CAPACITANCE IS ONLINE

With transformer-4 going out for repair, the voltages level on load bus bars (S/S1-4) is still
acceptable. See appendix (a) scenario-2

3.3.5- LINE BETWEEN FEEDER-2 AND POWER STATION-2 TRIPPED

The line between feeder 2 and power station 2 has tripped due to a fault, the load bus bars are
not badly affected because the voltage level remains within standards see appendix (a)
scenario-3
3.3.6- SYSTEM TO BLACK-OUT

A black-out in the whole system should be in case of loss of the two main generators group.

4- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The manually calculation using Gauss-Seidel method to determine the Ybus matrix as well as
the phase values (magnitude and angle) has not differed from the ones using the power world
simulator.
In order to keep the voltages levels on bus bars (load bus bars) within the permitted voltage
variation range a shunt value of at least 85-90MVAr should be used.

5- REFERENCES

[1]

GUPTA, B. R. D. 1998. Power system analysis and design, New Delhi, Wheeler.

[2]
GLOVER, J. D., SARMA, M. S. & OVERBYE, T. J. 2012. Power system analysis
and design, Stamford, CT, Cengage Learning.
[3]
GRAINGER, J. J. & STEVENSON, W. D. 1994. Power system analysis, New York,
McGraw-Hill.
[4]
BERGEN, A. R. & VITTAL, V. 2000. Power system analysis, Upper Saddle River,
N.J, Prentice Hall.

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6-APPENDIX (a)

6.1- SCENARIO-1 (SHUNT VALUE INCERTED INTO SUB-BUS1 & SUB-BUS2)

11

6.2- SCENARIO-2 (TRANSFORMER T4 OUT OF SERVICE)

12

6.3- SCENARIO-3 LINE BETWEEN FEEDER2 & POWER STATION 2 FAULTED

13

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