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, 2005.


1. ......................................................................................................................4
2. .........................................................5
2.1. - ..................................................................................6
2.2. - ......................................................7
2.3. ...........................................................................................................................7
2.4. .......................................................................................................7
2.5. ...........................................................................................................7
2.6. ....................................................................................................................8
2.7. ........................................................................................................................................8
3. .............................................................................................9
3.1. ................................................................................................10
3.2. - ...........................10

4.
..................................................................11
4.1. .......................................................................................................11
4.1.1. ................................................................................................................................11
4.1.2. ...................................................................................................................................11
4.1.3. ................................................................................................................................11
4.1.4. ......................................................................................................................................11
4.1.5. ..............................................................................................................................12
4.1.6. ............................................................................................................................13

5. ...........................................14
6. ...................................................15
6.1. ......................................................................................................................15
6.2. .................................16
6.3. () ...........................................................................................................................17
6.4. () ..............................................................................................................18
6.5. ......................................................................................................................................18
6.6. .......................................................................................................18

7. ..............................................................20

7.1. () ......................................................20
7.2. ..........................................................................21
7.2.1. ``-``...............................................................................21

8. .........................22
8.1.
.................................................................................................................................................22
8.2. (p)
...................................................................................................................22
8.3. ............................25

9. .....26
9.1. ........................................................................................26
9.2. .........................................................................27

10...........................................................................................................28
............................................................................................................29
.....................................................................................................................30
....................................................................................................................................31

1.

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3.
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v

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(n')
(n) (n'')

n" = n' n .

() (n'')
(n').

n"
n '
n
s =
=
n'
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s[%] =

n'n
100 .
n'

0 =1,
0 , =1 .

3.2.
-
pn '
p(
n '
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10

4.

4.1.


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4.1.1.
()
.
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2
PCu = R I .

4.1.2.

.
2
Ph = f Bm m Fe ,
Pv = f 2 Bm2 m Fe .
2
2
PFe = ( f + f ) Bm m Fe .
:

4.1.3.

.
() .

4.1.4.
.
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, .

11


.
.

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. :

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4.1.5.

(P')
P ' = q U 'I 'cos ' .
q
U'
I'
cos'

(Pcu')
Pcu = q R 'I ' ,

(Pfe') Pfe' = ( f + f 2 ) mfe'Bm 2 .

.
(Pob)
Pob = P '( Pcu '+Pfe' )

(P'') P ' ' = q E ' 'I ' 'cos ' ' .

(Pcu'') Pcu ' ' = q R ' 'I ' ' 2 ,
(Pfe'')
Pfe' ' = ( f ' '+ f 2 ) mfe' 'Bm 2 .

P'
'
PCu

PFe'

Pob

PCu"
PFe"

Pmeh

Pfv

Pd

P
4.

(Pob) (Pcu'')
(Pmeh) Pmeh = Pob Pcu ' ' .
(P) (Pmeh)
() (Pfv )
(Pd) P = Pmeh Pfv Pd .
Pmeh

12

Pfv ()
Pd .

4.1.6.

P
= ' .
P

P ' P )
P'

=1

(P ) = P + P + P + Pfv + Pd

( P )
P'

'
Cu

P + ( P )

1.

13

'
Fe

"
Cu

5.

5. -
.

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-.

6. -
- e ,
.
.
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7.
,
. Rm m, Rm
.
.

( 7.)
( s=1).
14

6.
6.1.

k
I "

cos
" .
M =
ob
,
.

.

"

"

Pob q "2 R
M = ' = 'I
s

I"=

U
"

R
(R ' +
s

)2 +
(X

'

+
X " )2

-,

8.

15

, ()

q
M= '

"

"
R
(R ' + ) 2 + ( X ' + X " )
s

2 s

.
.
(R', R'', X', '')
,
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6.2.

=f()
.

R"
s

R"
s

>
(X

'

>
>
R'
+
X

"

'2

qU
M= ' " s
R

16

 9.

R"
(R +
) <( X
s
'

+X " )

'

"
R
( R ' + ) 2 << ( X ' + X " ) 2
s

q U '2 R"
M =

.
'
"
( X '+ X ) s
=f(n)
.
=f(s) =f(n) :
()
m ( pr)
n
,
.

6.3. ()

(=1),
.

q
U '2
"
Mk = ' '

R
(R + R" ) 2 + ( X ' + X " ) 2
Ik =

U
(R

'

+
R )
"

+
(X

'

+
X

"

)2

,
17

 (R'') ,

U .
q
U '2
"
Mk = ' '
R I =
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X+X

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.

6.4. ()

R
=
s
.
X
+
X

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'2

q U
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6.5.

,

'2

q U
M n = ' " sn
R

6.6.


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) ()
.

=
J
,
t

t
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> 0 , ,
M > Mk , M Mk >0,
t

18

= 0 n=, ()
t

M < Mk , M Mk <0,
< 0 ,
t
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19

7.

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7.1. ()

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21

8.

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:
(P'=)
(=)
n = n'(1 s ) =

60 f '
(1 s )
p

, (f', p, s).
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()
(
)
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()

8.1.

, .

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U ' = E '2.22 k ' f 'N 'ob = c f 'ob .
,
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,
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= ob = .
f'

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8.2.
(p)

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1:2:3. :
( 4)
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22

23

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9.

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26

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19.
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10.
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28


1)
2)
3)
4)

'' '' 2003

'' '' , 1991.
'' 1'' 1989.
'' ''
1986.
5) .. '' '' 1974.
6) '' ''
2003.
7) ''''
8) ''''
9) ''Lafert Gmbh. EG''- 2003. .
10)www.siemens.com
11)www.abb.com

29


1.

IM B3
IM1001

IM V5

IM1011

IM 5
IM3001

IM V1
IM3011

IM B9
IM9101

IM V8
IM9111

IM B14
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IM V18
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18. '''' ZKI 355

2. IECu
355

B
C
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ZKI 355 ,,d 610 560

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79.5 355 28
Lk,L,Ld
630 800 200
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 3.

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IC 03

IC 06

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IC W37 71

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31