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Definition of reactive power How reactive power important to transmit the active power in transmission line? Light load, Induction motor, heating Elements How load are absorbing reactive power? What equipment are absorbing reactive power and what equipment are generates reactive power? Solution

1. Reactive power is the electrical power that oscillate between the magnetic field of an inductor and the electric filed of the capacitor. Reactive Power Cannot Converts to non-electrical power e.g. heat, light & torque. Instantaneous reactive power equal to the multiplication instantaneous current, instantaneous voltage and the sinusoidal of phase difference of current & voltage. It only present in ac power if there is any phase difference between instantaneous current and instantaneous voltage. During complete cycle average reactive power is zero. 2. Active power is the energy supplied to run a motor, heat a home, or illuminate an electric light bulb. Reactive power provides the important function of regulating voltage. If voltage on the system is not high enough, active power cannot be supplied. Reactive power is used to provide the voltage levels necessary for active power to do useful work. Reactive power is essential to move active power through the transmission and distribution system to the customer .Reactive power is required to maintain the voltage to deliver active power (watts) through transmission lines. When there is not enough reactive power, the voltage sags down and it is not possible to push the power demanded by loads through the lines.

3.(A)Illuminating Load are many types

Filament lamps Halogen lamps having power factor nearly 1.It is purely Resistive in nature. Tungsten Lamp having power factor nearly 1.It is purely Resistive in nature. Discharge lamps o Sodium Discharge lamps having power factor 0.3 lagging .It is Inductive In nature. o High pressure sodium discharge lamps having power factor 0.5 lagging .It is Inductive In nature. o Florescent lamps having power factor 0.3 lagging with the choke circuit. by improving capacitor its power factor increased .95 lagging. o Compact Florescent Lamp having power factor 0.5 lagging .It is Inductive In nature. by improving capacitor its power factor .95 lagging. o Light Emitting Diode Lamps having domestic application has power factor 0.7 lagging & industrial application has power factor 0.9 lagging.

(B)Induction Motor loads

Three phase induction Motor having dynamic power factor behavior according to the load. In squirrel cage induction motor no load power factor is in between 0.1 to0.3 lagging. As in increase in the load the power factor also increased. the power factor is maximum 0.85 at 8085% of full load beyond that load decreasing. Slip ring induction motor ,deep bar induction motor & double cage induction are having better power factor in no load condition but loaded condition the are vey much similar to squirrel cage induction motor. Single phase induction motor are various types o Split Phase Single phase induction motor have power factor 0.65 lagging .It is Inductive In nature o Capacitor start Single phase induction motor have grater power factor than split phase and shaded pole induction due to use of starting capacitor . o Capacitor Start & run Single phase induction motor have highest power factor in single phase induction motor .It may have two different capacitor or one fixed capacitor running and starting in both condition. o Shaded pole Single phase induction motor have power factor 0.6 lagging .It is Inductive In nature.

(C) Electric Heating can be classified into two categories

Power Frequency Electric Heating Resistance Heating have power factor nearly equal to 1.It is resistive circuit in nature. Arc Heating have power factor nearly equal 0.6.This circuit inductive in nature. High Frequency electric heatingo Induction Heating have power factor 0.3 to 0.6.It is inductive circuit in nature. Its power factor improved by capacitor. o Dielectric Heating have power factor have 0.03.It is due to high frequency wave generator. It power factor improved by suitable capacitor.

4. Transformers, Transmission lines, and motors require reactive power. Electric motors need reactive power to produce magnetic fields for their operation. The reactive power drawn by the motor is related to the energy needed to maintain the motor's internal magnetic field. The current drawn by an inductive winding lags the applied voltage by 90 degrees. The magnitude of current is dependent on the supply voltage and will not change with load. So if the motor is unloaded the total effect is a low active power draw with a relatively high reactive power draw, while if the motor is loaded the active power is increased while the reactive power is unchanged Transformers also need reactive power to produce magnetic flux in the core. Which cuts the secondary winding of the transformer and produce secondary electro-motive force.

Long loaded transmission lines have high reactance. It is due to the internal and external flux of the line. When a current flowing through a conductor it produce flux around it. This flux represented in long transmission line as lumped inductor. this flux of the trans mission of the line also need reactive power. 5.In power System Reactive power absorbs by the inductive load. For example-Industrial & Domestic motor, electric heating, transformer, loaded transmission line, electromagnet, Solenoid, lamp ballast, Ignition coil, relay, rectors etc. In Power system Reactive generates by capacitive loads. It is rare in power system. But to compensate the reactive power demand in the power system many devices are used. For Example Over Exited synchronous motor (synchronous Condenser),Capacitor Banks, Static var compensator, STATCOM etc

This is my Assignment of Reactive power control and voltage stability(PSM 205(a)).I will thankful to Molla Sohail for his upload.