The modern view of atomic structure: An Introduction 2.5-2.

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Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons Atoms with the same chemical properties, can have different mass, due to its electrons Mass number is the upper number over the elements is the sum of protons and neutrons If the is a upper number on the right size is the charge of the element The number of the masses on the table is the average of all isotopes The redundancy is to the say the bottom left (element number) When a isotope is positive X+ contains 54 e- it has one more p+ Chemical Bonds Covalent o Formed when two atoms come close together and they share the electrons have to be between the nuclei o A molecule is formed Ionic Bonds o The attraction in only due charge, attracted between opposite charged ions o Ion- atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge o Cation-positive ion o Anion-negative ion. o Ionic bonds usually crystal, positive surrounded by negative it is stable not for one (+ or -) but by a collection. Periodic table o 80% are metals o Groups or families (elements in the same vertical columns: have similar chemical properties) o Main group (1,2,13-18) or (1-8) o Periods- horizontal rows of elements wide range of properties n each row. Groups or families Group 1 or 1A Alkali1+ charge Group 2 or 2A Alkali earth2+ charge Group 7 or 7A Halogens1- charge Group 8 or 8A Noble gases0 charge

Naming compounds o Binary Compounds 2 elements ionic or covalent compounds included o Binary ionic compound Metal and non-metal o Binary covalent compound Non-metal and metal Binary ionic compounds (type I) 1. The cation always named first and the anion second 2. A monoatomic cation takes its name from the name of the element 3. A monatomic anion is named by taking the root and adding ide to the end Binary ionic compounds (type II) o Metals in these compounds form more than one type of positive charge o Charge on the metal ion must be specified o Using roman numeral to know which transition metal we are using because the can form more than one compounds with the same 2 elements Polyatomic Ions o Must memorize page 65 o NaOH Sodium hydroxide o Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate o (NH4)2SO4 ammonium sulfate o IUM ending meaning is metallic even though they are not metal they behave like metal Binary Covalent compounds (type III) o Formed between two nonmetals 1. The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name 2. The second element is name of the element ide 3. Use prefixes 4. Never use mono prefix on the first element

Acids

o Can be recognized by a hydrogen (H) that appears first in the formula HCl o Hydrogen is written first o If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is name with the prefix hydro- and the suffix ic o HCl Hydrochloric o HCN Hydrocyanic acid CN1- and H1+

If the anion does contain oxygen The suffix- ic is added to the root name if the anion ends in ate The suffix ous is added to the root name if the anion ends in -ite