Simple Present

S+v1 S+v1+NOT V1+S? Form

be affirmative negative question

I am.

I am not.

Am I?

he/she/it

He is.

He is not.

Is he?

you/we/they You are.

You are not.

Are you?

have affirmative negative question

I/you/we/they

I have got. / I have.

I have not got. / I do not have.

Have I got? / Do I have?

he/she/it

He has got. / He has. He has not got. / He does Has he got? / Does he not have. have?

other verbs affirmative negative question

I/you/we/they I play.

I do not play.

Do I play?

he/she/it

He plays.

He does not play.

Does he play?

Exceptions in Spelling
Ex eption Example

!he ver"s can, may, might, must remain the same in all forms. #o don$t add s.

he an% she may% it must

&er"s ending in o or a sibilant ' h% sh% s% x( add es instead of s.

do ) he does% wash ) she washes

A final y after a onsonant "e omes ie "efore s. '"ut* don$t worry ) he worries '"ut* play ) modify y after a vowel( he plays(

Short Forms
affirmative negative

I am English. + I'm English.

I am not English. + I'm not English.

,e are English.+ ,e're English.

,e are not English. + ,e're not / ,e aren't English.

He is English. + He's English.

He is not English. + He's not / He isn't English.

I have got a dog. + I've got a dog.

I have not got a dog. + I've not got a dog. / I haven't got a dog.

He has got a dog. + He's got a dog.

He has not got a dog. + He's not got a dog. / He hasn't got a dog.

I do not play tennis. + I don't play tennis

He does not play tennis + He doesn't play tennis.

Use
-se Example

a tion in the present ta.ing pla e on e% never or several times

/olin always plays so er on !uesdays.

a tions in the present ta.ing pla e one after another

#he ta.es her "ag and leaves.

fa ts 'something is generally .nown to "e true(

!he sun sets in the west.

a tion set "y a timeta"le or s hedule

!he train leaves at 0 pm.

ver"s of possession% senses% emotions and mental a tivity I love her.

"e 'state( "elieve 'mental a tivity( "elong 'possession( hate 'feeling and emotion( hear 'senses( li.e 'feeling and emotion( love 'feeling and emotion( mean 'mental a tivity( prefer 'mental a tivity( remain 'state( reali1e 'mental a tivity( see 'senses(

seem 'feeling and emotion( smell 'senses( thin. 'mental a tivity( understand 'mental a tivity( want 'feeling and emotion( wish 'feeling and emotion(

Typical Signal

or!s

always every ... often normally usually sometimes seldom never