TOPIC - CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE (UNIT III).

1. WHAT DO U MEAN BY CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE ?

ANS: CLIENT / SERVER ARCHITECTURE DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THE TWO COMPUTER PROGRAMS WHERE ONE PROGRAM THE CLIENT MAKES
THE REQUEST FROM ANOTHER PROGRAM THE SERVER WHICH FULFILLS THE
REQUEST.
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURES?
ANS: 1. MAINFRAME ARCHITECTURE
2. FILE SHARING ARCHITECTURE
3. SINGLE TIER ARCHITECTURE
4. TWO TIER ARCHITECTURE
5. THREE TIER ARCHITECTURE.
3. WHAT IS MAINFRAME ARCHITECTURE?
ANS: WITH MAINFRAME SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, ALL INTELLIGENGE IS
WITHIN CENTRAL HOST COMPUTER. USERS INTERACT WITH HOST THROUGH A
TERMINAL THAT CAPTURE KEYSTROKES AND SENDS INFORMATION TO THE
HOST.
4. WHAT IS LIMITATION OF MAINFRAME ARCHITECTURE?
ANS:
LIMITATION OF MAINFRAME ARCH. IS THAT THEY DO NOT EASILY
SUPPORT GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES (GUI) OR ACCESS MULTIPLE
DATABASES.

5.

WHAT IS ADVANTAGE OF MAINFRAME ARCHITECTURE?

ANS: ADVANTAGE OF MAINFRAME IS THAT IT IS NOT TIED TO THE HARDWARE

PLATFORM. USER CAN INTERACT THROUGH PCs AND UNIX WORKSTATIONS.
6) What are advantage and disadvantage of Client Server architechcture?
Ans : Advantage
1.

Processing of entire database system is spread over client server architechcture.

2.

It is possible to keep control over all clients through single system in DBMS it is
require for transaction control and management.

Disadvantage :
1. Implementation is more complex because it includes network management.
2.

Additional burden on DBMS server to handle concurrency.

7) What are basic components of Database system architechcture? What is 1-tier architechcture?
Ans: There are 3 basic components of Database system architechcture.
1. Presentation Logic: User Interface, displaying data to the user, accepting input from
user.
2. Business Logic: Data validation, ensuring the data is 100% correct before adding it to
database.
3. Data Access Logic: Database communication, accessing tables and indices, packing
and unpacking data.
1-tier architechcture: In this architechcture all three components of the application are
handled in single layer.
8) What is 2-tier architechcture?
Ans: 2-tier architechcture: In this architechcture all three components of the application are
distributed in two layers.
1st Layer/ Primary Layer: consists of Presentation logic AND Business logic.
2nd Layer/Secondary Layer: consists of Data Access logic.
This consists of primary tier which incorporates all presentation and business logic, and a
secondary tier which contains all data access logic.
9) What are its limitations of 2-tier architechcture?
Ans: Limitations:
1. Implementing business logic in stored procedure can limit the scalability.
2. This architechcture is not effective in batch processing.
3.

It limits interoperability by using stored procedure to implement complex processing

logic because stored procedures are implemented by DBMSs proprietary language.

4.

This architecture is difficult to administer and maintain because when application

reside on client every upgrade must be delivered and tested on server.

10) Identify which client server (tier) architechcture is shown below, and explain its
components?

Ans: 3-tier architechcture.

Topic: Web Fundamentals
11. What is the web based systems?
Ans: To access data from databases some application programs are required. Now a days
internet is most popular so web tools are most widely used for user interface. Web based
systems are the systems used on internet for purpose of information exchange using user
interface. Web based systems are the heart of E-commerce.
12. What is need of web interface to database?
Ans: With growth of info services and E-commerce on web, databases used for information
services, DSS, and transaction processing must be linked with web. For such connection it
requires some bridge to link your application to database which is the web interface.
13. Which are the web fundamental components?
Ans: URL, HTML, Client side scripting, Applet, Servlets, server side scripting.
14. What is Servlet?
Ans: In 2-tier client server architechcture the application runs as part of web server. So in
order to complete the user request architechcture has to load the java program with web
server, that function is provided by Servlet.
Servlets are mainly present on server side which defines the communication between the
web server and application program.
15. What is web server?
Ans: Web server is the program running on server side which accepts the requests from the
web browser and sends back result in the form of HML document.

16. What is web Applet?

Ans: Java code can be compiled into byte code which is platform independent and can be
executed on any browser. Java applets are used for better GUI purpose which is downloaded
as part of web page.
17. What is HTML?
Ans: HTML is hypertext markup language allows formatting on text. HTML is used for
designing web pages. HTML allows to display tables, forms, style sheet as well as other
display attributes.
18. What is URL?
Ans: URL is uniform resource locator. URL field in web browser allows user to enter the
web address or web site name after that it connects to that system using some protocols.
Parts of URL are,
HTTP:is hypertext transfer protocol.
Web address: name/ip address of machine that has web server.
Topic: XML Domain Specific DTDs
19. What is XML?
Ans : XML (eXtensible Markup Language) mainly intended for Document Management. It is
derived from SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) .XML can represent Data ,as
well as many other kinds of structured data used in applications.
20. What is Standard Query Language for XML Called?
Ans:
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard query language for XML is called
XQUERY.
21. What is XPATH ?
Ans : It is a language for path expression. It is a sequence of locations steps separated by
/.Using XPATH we can select data from XML document.
22. What is XSLT?
Ans : It is a transformation language can generate XML output.
23. Which is current approved version of XML?
Ans: XML version = 1.0
24. What is a reference?
Ans: A references allows you to additional text or mark-up in an XML document. References
always begin with & and end with ; .

25. What is an entity reference?

Ans : An entity Reference ,like &amp ; contains a name (eg amp) between the start and end
delimiter. The name refers to predefined text or markup like a macro in C/C++ prog. Languages.
26. What is Character reference?
Ans : A character references ,like & contains a hash mark followed by the number. The
number always refers to the Unicode code for a single character such as 65 for A.
27. What is FLOWR expression?
Ans: A FLOWR expression is a query construct composed of FOR,LET,WHERE,Order by
AND RETURN clauses .
28. What is MATHML?
Ans:
MATHML is intended to facilitate the use and reuse of mathematical and scientific
content on the web and for other applications such as computer algebra systems ,print typesetting
and voice synthesis.
SOAP
29. What is SOAP?
Ans-It is Simple Object Access Protocol.It is a Protocol Specification for exchanging Structured
information in the implementation of web services in computer Networks.It is a XML based
messaging Protocol.
30. SOAP relies on which language as its message format?
Ans-XML
31. What are common protocols SOAP relies on?
Ans-It relies on Application layer Protocols(SMTP,HTTP,HTTPS,RPC,etc.).But the most
commonly used protocols are RPC and HTTP.
32. Why XML was chosen as the standard message format for SOAP?
Ans-Because of its widespread use by major corporations and open source development efforts.
Hardware appliances are available to accelerate processing of XML messages.
33. Advantages of SOAP?
Ansi)Using SOAP over HTTP allows for easier communication through proxies and firewalls than
previous remote execution technology.

ii)Versatile enough to allow for the use of different transport protocols.

iii)platform independent
iv)language independent
34. Disadvantages of SOAP?
Ans-i)Because of verbase XML format, SOAP can be considerably slower.This may not be an
issue when only small messages are sent.
ii)Although SOAP is an open standard, not all languages offer appropriate support.
Java,Delphi, .NET and Flex offer excellent SOAP integration and/or IDE support.Python and
PHP support is much weaker.
35. State one competing middleware technology with SOAP.
Ans-CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture).
36. What does SOAP specification contains?
Ans-Soap is a specification for using XML documents as messages.The SOAP specification
containsi)A syntax for defining messages as XML documents(SOAP messages).
ii)A modelfor exchanging SOAP messages.
iii)Set of rules for representing data within SOAP messages(SOAP encoding).
iv)A guideline for transporting SOAP message over HTTP.
v)A convention for performing RPC using SOAP messages.
37. Where will you place SOAP in 2-tier and 3-tier Architectures.
Ans-2-tier -> The Presentation layer and business logic are in a single layer.
3-tier -> At middle layer.
38. What is Active Server Pages?
Active Server Pages (ASPs) are Web pages that contain server-side scripts in addition to the
usual mixture of text and HTML tags.
Server-side scripts are special commands you put in Web pages that are processed before the
pages are sent from the server to the

web-browser of someone who's visiting your website.

39. what are the Requirements to run ASP?

Since the server must do additional processing on the ASP scripts, it must have the ability to do
so. The only servers which support this facility are Microsoft Internet Information Services &
Microsoft Personal Web Server.
Let us look at both in detail, so that you can decide which one is most suitable for you.
40. what are the few basic rules for XML document elements.?
1:Element names can contain letters, numbers, hyphens, underscores, periods, and colons
when namespaces are used (more on namespaces later).
2:Element names cannot contain spaces; underscores are usually used to replace spaces.
3: Element names can start with a letter, underscore, or colon, but cannot start with other
non-alphabetic characters or a number, or the letters xml.
41. what are formats to represent the XML Elements?
Elements look like this and always have an opening and closing tag:
<element></element>
42. what are the Internet Information Services?
This is Microsofts web server designed for the Windows NT platform.
It can only run on Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Professional, & Windows 2000
Server.
The current version is 5.0, and it ships as a part of the Windows 2000 operating system.
43. what is DTD?
Document Type Definition (DTD) is the original way to validate XML document
structure and enforce specific formatting of select text, and probably still the most
prevalent. Although the posting of the XML declaration at the top of the DTD would lead one to
believe that this is an XML document,
DTDs are in fact non-well-formed XML documents. This is because they follow DTD syntax
rules rather than XML document syntax.

In following line the reference is to the DTD located in the first element under the XML
document declaration:
44. what are XML Attributes?
Attributes contain values that are associated with an element and are always part
of an elements opening tag:
<element attribute=value></element>.
The attribute name must follow an element name, then an equals sign (=),then the attribute
value, in single or double quotes.
The attribute value can contain quotes, and if it does, one type of quote must be used in the
value, and another around the value.
45. State True or False . Is it necessary to close a tag in XML?
Ans : True.(Explanation : Each tag is delimited by angle bracket)
46 . What is difference between HTML and ASP?
Ans :
In HTML we cant make changes dynamically in web pages. But in ASP we can make
changes dynamically.
47. Define the following : i) Thin client ii) Thick client
Ans :
Thin client : The architecture in which the client implement GUI, and the server implements
both business logic and data management ,such clients are called as thin client.
Thick client: Clients that implement user interface and a part of business logic, with
remaining part being implemented at the server level, such clients are called as Thick client.
48. Identify the following Diagram .

Ans : Thick Client.

49. Explain the following Diagram.

50. Explain entity references.

Ans :
Its a standard XML document the root element is the Envelope, which has a namespace
called s. The envelope contains header, which indicates of transaction and the ID, and a Body,
which indicates requested service.