New York City

INTRODUCTION TO

New York
New York City exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, technology and entertainment, and is often referred to as the City That Never Sleeps. As the home of the United Nations Headquarters, it is an important center for international affairs and is widely deemed the cultural capital of the world. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. Many of the citys districts, landmarks, museums and parks have become well known throughout the world including Times Square, the Broadway theater district, Wall Street, Chinatown, the Empire State and Chrysler Buildings, the Statue of Liberty, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bronx Zoo and an extensive park system among several other points of interest.

Quick Facts About NEW YORK City:

New York City is one of the most amazing cities in the world. Here are some interesting facts about this great city.

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In 1626, the Dutch purchased Manhattan Island from the Lenape Native Americans for 60 guilders (about $1000). The English conquered the city from the Dutch in 1664, and New Amsterdam became New York. In 1698, New York City only had a population of 4,937 people. New York City served as the capital of the United States in the 1780s before it was moved to Philadelphia and then Washington D.C. George Washington, the first President of the United States, was inaugurated in New York in 1789 at the site of Federal Hall. Federal Hall at 26 Wall Street was the the site of the first Capitol Building of the United States.

The Bill of Rights which contained the first 10 amendments to the Constitution was passed at Federal Hall. It wasnt until 1790 that New York City grew larger than Philadelphia. New York City is now the most populated city in the USA with more than 8.2 million people.

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Hong Kong is the only city in the world with more completed skyscrapersthan New York City.

36% of the current population of New York City was born outside the United States.

Since 2005, New York City has the lowest crime rate of the 25 largest US cities, and one of the safest cities in the US overall. The New York subway system is the largest mass transit system in the world with 468 stations and 842 miles (1355 km) of track.

Unlike most major subways systems around the world, the New York Subway runs 24 hours a day. About 40% of the New York Subway system is above ground. The first underground section of the Subway was opened in 1904. The Holland Tunnel, which connects NYC with New Jersey, was completed in 1927 and is one of the first ventilated tunnels in the world. The ventilation system was needed to clear out vehicle exhaust and carbon monoxide generated by the automobiles passing through.

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he Holland Tunnel is a designated National Historic Landmark. Almost 35 million vehicles pass through the Holland Tunnel each year. The New York City Marathon is the largest in the world, with 37,850 finishers in 2006. Central Park attracts 25 million visitors per year. The Holland Tunnel is a designated National Historic Landmark. Almost 35 million vehicles pass through the Holland Tunnel each year. The New York City Marathon is the largest in the world, with 37,850 finishers in 2006.

Early History:
In the precolonial era, the area of present day New York City was inhabited by various bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, the western portion of Long Island (including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens), Manhattan, and the Lower Hudson Valley, including The Bronx. Peter Minuit is credited with the purchase of the island of Manhattan in 1626. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulme" (New Angoulme). A Spanish expedition led by captain Estvo Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January of 1525 aboard the purposely-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson river, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first

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scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrn Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gmez in his honor. The first recorded non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 16131614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor. In 1702, the city lost 10% of its population to yellow fever.New York suffered seven major yellow fever epidemics from 1702 to 1800. New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s. However, it also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina.[76] Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banks and shipping tied to the South. Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years. In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan. In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration.[84] The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1819 opening of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes.Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants. Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the old merchant elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.

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Modern History:
Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900. The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, and by 1860, one in four New Yorkersover 200,000had been born in Ireland. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. The situation deteriorated into attacks on black New Yorkers and their property, following fierce competition for a decade between immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but its more than 200 children escaped harm. Rioters killed an estimated 100 blacks and attacked many more, especially in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history. Because of the violence, many blacks left the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn and New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. A construction worker on top of the Empire State Building as it was being built in 1930. The Chrysler Building is below and behind him. In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. In the 1920s, New York City was a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of competing skyscrapers that changed the skyline into its identifiable twentieth-century shape. The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a designated National Historic Landmark as the site of the 1969 Stonewall Riots. New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.

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Returning World War II veterans created a postwar economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters (completed in 1950) emphasized New York's political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world. In the 1960s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates, which extended into the 1970s. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through the decade and into the beginning of the 1990s. By the 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs in the 2000 Census and then again in the 2010 Census. United Airlines Flight 175 hits the South Tower of the former World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The city suffered the worst nationally of the September 11, 2001 attacks, when nearly 3,000 people died in the destruction of Towers 1, 2, and 7 of the World Trade Center.[99] A new complex, which includes One World Trade Center, a 9/11 memorial and museum, and three other office towers, is being built on the site. The first buildings are finished and it is scheduled for completion by 2014. The World Trade Center PATH station, which was opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A permanent station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, is currently being constructed and is scheduled to be completed in the second quarter of 2014. At the time of its completion in 2013, the new One World Trade Center will be the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere and the third-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence. This new supertall skyscraper has been the tallest building in New York City since April 30, 2012.

Geography

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New York covers 54,556 square miles (141,300 km2) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The Great Appalachian Valley dominates eastern New York, while Lake Champlain is the chief northern feature of the valley, which also includes the Hudson River flowing southward to the Atlantic Ocean. The rugged Adirondack Mountains, with vast tracts of wilderness, lie west of the valley. New York is the only state that touches both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, and is the second-largest of the original Thirteen Colonies. In contrast with New York City's urban atmosphere, the vast majority of the state is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes.

Climate
In general, New York has a humid continental climate, though under the Kppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate.[32] Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest. The winters are long and cold in the Plateau Divisions of the state.

Population In NEW YORK CITY:

Here are some interesting facts about the New York City population:

With a July 2012 population of 8,336,697, New York is the most populous city in the United States, more than twice the size of the second largest city, Los Angeles. About 1 in every 38 people living in the United States resides in New York City.

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New York has the highest population density of any major city in the United States, with over 27,000 people per square mile. Over 3 million of New York Citys residents are foreign-born; over one-quarter arrived in 2000 or later. Nearly 2 million New Yorkers are under the age of 18. New York City has more people than 39 of the 50 U.S. states. New York City comprises over two-fifths of New York States entire population. New York City has grown by over 1 million people since 1990. The 2011 median age in New York City was 35.5 years, almost two years lower than the national median. Over one-third of the population 25 and over in New York City has a bachelors degree or higher, compared to 29 percent nationally. There are nearly 400,000 more women than men in New York. There is a birth in New York City every 4.4 minutes. There is a death in New York City every 9.1 minutes. Although New York City still receives a substantial number of in-migrants, there is a net loss of one migrant every 26.5 minutes. The borough of Brooklyn on its own would be the 4th largest city in the United States. Approximately two-thirds of dwellings in New York are renter-occupied, over twice the national average. The average commute for New Yorkers is just under 40 minutes, about 15 minutes longer than the national average. New York City has the largest Chinese population of any city outside of Asia. More persons of West Indian ancestry live in New York City than any city outside of the West Indies. More Dominicans live in New York than any other city in the world barring Santo Domingo. Over 2.37 million Hispanics reside in New York City, more than any other city in the United States. Were New York Hispanics a city unto themselves, they would rank 4th nationwide. The Black nonhispanic population of New York City numbered 1.88 million in 2011, more than double the count in any other U.S. city. Were this group a city in its own right it would rank 5th nationally.

City Planning of NEW YORK City:

Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States, and gasoline consumption in the city is the same rate as the national average in the 1920s. The city's high level of mass transit use saved 1.8 billion US gallons (6,800,000 m3) of oil in 2006; New York City saves half of all the oil saved by transit nationwide. The city's population density, low automobile use and high transit utility make it among the most energy efficient cities in the United States. Its greenhouse gas emissions are 7.1 metric tons per person compared with the national average of 24.5.New Yorkers are collectively responsible for 1% of the nation's greenhouse gas

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emissionsthough they comprise 2.7% of the nation's population. The average New Yorker consumes less than half the electricity used by a resident of San Francisco and nearly one-quarter the electricity consumed by a resident of Dallas. As of July 2010 the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis in service, the largest number in any city in North America. In recent years, the city has focused on reducing its environmental impact. Large amounts of concentrated pollution in New York has led to a high incidence of asthma and other respiratory conditions among the city's residents. [334]The city government is required to purchase only the most energy-efficient equipment for use in city offices and public housing. New York has the largest clean air diesel-hybrid and compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country, and also, by mid-2010 the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most in any city in North America. The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case forcing the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants. The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others.[185] The city is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountainswatershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States with drinking water pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. New York is the only US city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.

Educational Development In NEW YORK City:

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, andhabits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. The city's public school system, the New York City Department of Education, is the largest in the world, and New York is home to some of the most important libraries, universities, and research centers in the world. The city is particularly known as a global center for research in medicine and the life sciences. New York Career and Technical Education is committed to providing high-quality CTE opportunities for all students. New York States CTE delivery system consists of over 1,100

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CTE providers, serving over one million students in school districts, BOCES, and postsecondary institutions. CTE studies are organized in New York in the following content areas:

Agricultural education Business & Marketing education Family & Consumer Sciences education Health Occupations education Technology education Trade, Technical & Industrial education

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Architectural DevolpmentIn NEW YORK City:

Architecture:
New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods from the saltbox stylePieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper currently under construction at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world. Manhattan's skyline with its many skyscrapers is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 highrise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 100 meters high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing. The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its faade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Cond Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers.

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The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstonerowhouses, townhouses, and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Bronx; Ditmas Park, Brooklyn; and Douglaston, Queens, large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian. Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of woodframe houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights.

Parks:
The City of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that New York City had the 2nd best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.
National Park System units within city limits

New York State Parks

There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River.

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Central Park an 883-acre (3.57 km2) park in Manhattan, is the most visited city park in the United States, with 25 million visitors each year. The park contains a myriad of attractions; there are several lakes and ponds, two ice-skating rinks, the Central Park Zoo, the Central Park Conservatory Garden. Prospect Park in Brooklyn has a 90-acre (360,000 m2) meadow, a lake and extensive woodlands. Flushing MeadowsCorona Park in Queens, the city's third largest park, was the setting for the 1939 World's Fair and the 1964 World's Fair.[204] Over a fifth of the Bronx's area, 7,000 acres (28 km2), is given over to open space and parks, including Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the Bronx Zoo, and the New York Botanical Gardens. In Staten Island, the Conference House Park contains the historic Conference House, Located within the park is the historic Burial Ridge, the largest Native American burial ground within New York City.

BOROUGHS:
New York City is composed of five boroughs.Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State as shown below..

Manhattan (New York County) is the most densely populated borough and is home to Central Park and most of the city's skyscrapers. Manhattan is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations. The Bronx (Bronx County) is New York City's northernmost borough, the location of Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees, and home to the largest cooperatively owned housing complex in the United States, Co-op City. It is home to the Bronx Zoo, the world's largest metropolitan zoo. The Bronx is the birthplace of rap and hip hop culture. Brooklyn (Kings County) on the western tip of Long Island, is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, an

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independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods and a distinctive architectural heritage. Queens (Queens County) on Long Island east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough and the most ethnically diverse county in the United States. Additionally, it is home to two of the three major airports. Staten Island (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan by way of the free Staten Island Ferry. The Staten Island Ferry is one of the most popular tourist attractions in New York City as it provides unsurpassed views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and lower Manhattan.

Economy of NEW YORK City:

New York's gross state product in 2010 was $1.16 trillion, ranking third in size behind the larger states of California and Texas. If New York were an independent nation, it would rank as the 16th largest economy in the world behind Turkey. New York's agricultural outputs are dairy products, cattle and other livestock, vegetables, nursery stock, and apples. Its industrial outputs are printing and publishing, scientific instruments, electric equipment, machinery, chemical products, and tourism.

New York exports a wide variety of goods such as foodstuffs, commodities, minerals, computers and electronics, cut diamonds, and automobile parts. New York's largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber. The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and the production of garments, furs, railroad equipment and bus line vehicles. New York is the nation's third-largest grape-producing state. In 2004, New York's wine and grape industry brought US$6 billion into the state economy. As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate was 8.8%. Canada is a very important economic partner for the state. 21% of the state's total worldwide exports went to Canada in 2007. Tourism from the north is also a large part of the economy. New York City is the leading center of banking, finance and communication in the United States and is the location of the New York Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar volume. Many of the world's largest corporations are based in the city.

Effect of 9/11:Command Center For the Woirld Economy:

The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 had an intense impact on New Yorks economy. The disaster resulted in an estimated 430,000 lost job months and a loss in wages of $2.8 billion in the

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city. The creative industries were impacted severely. Studies indicate that creative workers endured a 46%loss of income in 2002. Additionally, in 2002, 22% of creative workers in the arts and entertainmentbecame unemployed as a direct result of 9/11.Today, the New York region is recovering from the economic devastation of September 11th. In NewYork City alone, the Citys Gross City Product grew by 3.6% during the first three-quarters of 2005,compared to a 2.4% increase for all of 2004.5 Since January 2005, the private sector has grown byroughly 2%, adding 52,600 total jobs. Over the same period, the number of NYC residents employedincreased by 93,900, the highest such increase since April 2000.

Command Center For the World Economy:

New York is a global hub of international business and commerce and is one of three "command centers" for the world economy (along with London and Tokyo).[292] In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. [293] The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States. The New York metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of approximately $1.28 trillion in 2010, making it the largest regional economy in the United States. According to Cinco Dias, New York controlled 40% of the world's finances by the end of 2008, making it the largest financial center in the world. The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies. New York City has been ranked first among 120 cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. In July 2012, the Manchester United Football Club of the United Kingdom announced plans to list its initial public offering of stock shares on the New York Stock Exchange. Many major corporations are headquartered in New York City, including 45 Fortune 500 companies. New York is also unique among American cities for its large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013. The city's television and film industry is the second largest in the country after Hollywood. Creative industries such as new media, advertising, fashion, design and architecture account for a

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growing share of employment, with New York City possessing a strong competitive advantage in these industries High-tech industries like biotechnology, software development, game design, and internet services are also growing, bolstered by the city's position at the terminus of several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines. Other important sectors include medical research and technology, nonprofit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a large but declining share of employment. Garments, chemicals, metal products, processed foods, and furniture are some of the principal products.The food-processing industry is the most stable major manufacturing sector in the city. Food making is a $5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents. Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with $234 million worth of exports each year.

Tourism In NEW YORK City:

Tourism is one of New York City's most vital industries, with more than 40 million combined domestic and international tourists visiting each year in the past five years Major destinations include the Empire State Building; Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; Broadway theater productions; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; Times Square; the Manhattan Chinatown; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; the lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree; the St. Patrick's Day parade.

Link Of Tourism In City Planning:

Fifty years from now, in 2061, more than 9 million people will inhabit New York City yet the city will feel less cramped than it does today. Garbage dumps will be transformed into parks, and floating swimming pools in the (cleaner) East and Hudson rivers could give the island of Manhattan more of a beachtown feel. Gleaming new towers will rule the skyline from lower Manhattan to Midtown, while posh, highrent neighborhoods will transform into ghost towns.

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The Upper East Side is going to look like a geriatric ward, said NYU urban policy professor Mitchell Moss. Itll be a giant retirement community. The citys center of gravity will be at Madison Square Park.

Most Popular Structure Of NEW YORK city: STATUE OF LIBERTY:

The statue, designed by Frdric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman FREEDOM.The origin of the Statue of Liberty project is sometimes traced to a comment made by French law professor and politician douard Ren de Laboulaye in mid-1865. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles.

Construction:
On March 3, 1877, on his final full day in office, President Grant signed a joint resolution that authorized the President to accept the statue when it was presented by France and to select a site for it. President Rutherford B. Hayes, who took office the following day, selected the Bedloe's Island site that Bartholdi had proposed The head and arm had been built with assistance from Viollet-le-Duc, who fell ill in 1879. He soon died, leaving no indication of how he intended to transition from the copper skin to his proposed masonry pier. The following year, Bartholdi was able to obtain the services of the innovative designer and builder Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel Eiffel and his structural engineer, Maurice Koechlin, decided to abandon the pier and instead build an iron truss tower a symbolic act, the first rivet placed into the skin, fixing a copper plate onto the statue's big toe, was driven by United States Ambassador to France Levi P. Morton. On June 17, 1885, the French Steamer Isre, laden with the Statue of Liberty reached the New York port safely.

Location:
The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island, south of Ellis Island. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 18As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory despite their location on the New Jersey side of the state line. Land created by reclamation at Ellis is New Jersey territory.

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Some Facts About STATUE OF LIBERTY:

Height of copper statue 151 ft 1 in . Height of hand 16 ft 5 in. Weight of copper used in statue 60,000 pounds. Total weight of statue 450,000 pounds. In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

NEW YORK As A Film City:

New York City is a center for the television, film, advertising, music, newspaper, and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto). Some of the city's media conglomerates include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New YorkTwo of the "Big three" record labels' headquarters are in New York: Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group also has offices in New York. One-third of all American independent films are produced in New York it as the second largest center for the film industry in the United State It is also a growth sector; according to the Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting New York City attracted over 250 independent and studio films in 2005, an increase from 202 in 2004 and 180 in 2003. More than a third of professional actors in the United States are based in New York.

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Link Of Being A Film City In City Planning:

Silvercup Studios revealed plans in February 2006 for a new $1 billion complex with eight soundstages, production and studio support space, offices for media and entertainment companies, stores, 1,000 apartments in high-rise towers, a catering hall and a cultural institution. The project is envisioned as a "veritical Hollywood" designed by Lord Richard Rogers, the architect of the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Millennium Dome in London. It is to be built at the edge of the East River in Queens and will be the largest production house on the East Coast. Steiner Studios in Brooklyn would still have the largest single soundstage, however. Kaufman Studios plans its own expansion in 2007. Miramax Films, a Big Ten film studio, was the largest motion picture distribution and production company headquartered in the city until it moved to Burbank, California in January 2010. Many smaller independent producers and distributors are still in New York.

Conclusion:
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.[7] The city is referred to as New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world. Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a county of New York State.

New York City

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Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors. The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC. Many cable channels are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, and Comedy Central. In 2005, there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.

Refrences:
http://toptravellists.net/statue-of-liberty-in-new-york-city-united-states.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854) http://streeteasy.com/nyc/newdevs http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/american-landscapes/history3.html http://www.jazzhostels.com/blog/390-cool-facts-about-new-york-city/ http://www. Modern-New-York-Life-Economics/dp/0230115101 http://www.google.com.pk/#fp=29cceaeceef68dd8&q=new+york+city