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Importance
Water Pollution Control Importance of Water (Overview)
Lecture 1 Haroon Rashid (Lecturer) One of the important substance on earth All animals and plants needs water to survive If there was no water there would be no life

Uses of water

Portable Water
It is most important that the water which people drink clean water. This means that the water must be free of germs and chemicals and be clear (not cloudy). Water that is safe for drinking is called potable water. Water that is not safe to drink is said to be nonpotable. Water supplies should be routinely checked for germs and chemicals which can pollute water All the action taken to make sure that drinking water is potable is called water treatment.

Sources of Fresh Water

Fresh water sources are about 3% on earth which are available through 1- Surface Water 2- Ground Water 3- Rain Water* Note:- Rain water can be a part of surface water.

Surface Water

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Surface Water

Ground Water

There is often a layer of water lying beneath the ground surface, trapped by an impervious layer of rock which will not allow it to drain away. The water may be close to ground level or it may be deep in the ground. This layer of water is called the water table. When this water table is close to ground level the water may actually come to the surface and create a permanent wet area called a soak.

Ground Water

Fresh Water VS Sea Water

- Sea or marine water cannot be used for domestic purposes or other uses because of high salt conc. - Not safe for drinking
Fresh Water (3%) Sea Water (97%) 1000mg/L or more 30000-50000 mg/L >1000 MPN/100ml WHO guidelines 5 NTU 1000mg/L 0 MPN/100ml

With help of tube wells we can make use of ground water , water from these types of sources require special treatment

Suspended solids T.D.S Coliforms

1000mg/L <500mg/L 100-1000 MPN/100ml

Fresh Water VS Sea Water

Ground water mostly required disinfection only Sea water requires reverse osmosis and conventional method for treatment River water requires conventional method and disinfection for treatment

Types of Water Bodies

Rivers Lakes Oceans Estuaries

Cities near oceans draws water from rivers

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It is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemicals, physical or biological material that degrades the quality of water and affects the organisms living in it. Water pollution is the biggest pollution problem in the world Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. Damage is not limited to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

Water Pollution (Introduction)

Water Pollution
Water pollution is the cause of deaths and diseases of more than 14,000 people daily. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.

Major Effects
Hazard to human health Harmful to living resources Impairment of water quality with respect to its use in agriculture and industries

Principle Water Pollutants

Generally water pollutants can be divided into eight categories.
1- Pathogens: Diseases causing agents 2- Oxygen demanding waste 3- Inorganic Chemicals 4- Inorganic Plant Nutrients* 5- Organic Chemicals 6- Sediments and suspended matter 7- Radioactive substances 8- Heat