ILEARN GRAMMAR PRACTICE WEEK 4: NOUNS, PRONOUNS, SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT Task 1: The underlined words or phrases in the text

below are grammatically incorrect. Correct them and write the correct answer in the space provided. Talk about a cool finding: You can tell the relative heights of others just by the sound of (1) them (_____their_________) voices, according to a new research. Past experiments
(2)

has (____had_______) also suggested that people can discern height from
(4)

voice. The new (3) analyses (________analysis______) not only confirms this ability but also lower airway below the Adam's appleor the lump of cartilage that protrudes from the larynx.

point (____points________) to what may be clueing in listeners: the sound produced in the

According to John Morton a psychologist at Washington University, the idea(5) were (__was____) similar to what happens when
(6)

youre (___you_____) blow air through a bottle.

(8)

If the (7) bottles (_____bottle______) is bigger and taller, the sound is more resonant than if the bottle were smaller and shorter. But unlike with bottles, people simply picking out deeper voices as belonging to taller Morton said. Instead,
(11) (10) (9)

isnt (___arent______)

person, (___persons_________)

their (__they_______) determine the height based on subtle technical

difference (___differences__________) in sounds emanating from the lower airways, which

are called sub-glottal resonances. Heightened Voices For the experiment, Morton and colleagues accessed Washington University-UCLA speech corpus.
(13) (12)

datum (________data_____) from the

Those (_____that________) includes recorded

(14)

voices as well as sounds from volunteers' lower airways, which were obtained by measuring vibrations with an instrument placed just below the Adam's apples. speakers (_____speaker________)

They then had 24

(15)

voluntary (_____volunteers___________) listen to the recorded voices of

(16)

people saying a few meaningless

word. (_____words_______) In the first task, the

volunteers heard two voices and (17) are (___were_______) asked to choose who (18) themselves (__they______) thought was taller. In the second experiment, the participants were asked to rank five people by height based on their voices. After analyzing the data, Morton and
(19)

its

(___his_____) colleagues found a link between whether the volunteers could correctly select the shorter and taller speakers and small changes in sub-glottal resonances, suggesting that (20) this ( these ) sounds were how people distinguished height.

On average, people were accurate 62.7 percent of the timesignificantly better than if they were just picking randomly. "(21) Its (___they_______) says to me that it's a universal human trait or ability to do this," said Morton, who presented the research at the 166th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in San Francisco on December 3. Of course, the volunteers were listening to
(22)

a person's (_____the persons_________) entire

(23)

voice and not their sub-glottal resonances, Morton emphasized. Sounds from the vocal tract above the Adam's apple also contain some informations
(24)

(______information______________) about height. To disentangle the effects of these subglottal sounds from other nuances in every voiceand to prove for sure that he (___hes_____) are responsible for revealing heightis challenging, and will require more research, he said. Task 2: Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronouns.

How volunteering saved my life Volunteering with the Scouts helped me through the most difficult time in my life and gave me the confidence to go to university
(1)

If

_i____ had never joined the Scouts I'm near certain I'd be dead. Scouting,
(2)

and volunteering in general, gave

___me__ a reason to keep going during

(3)

__my___

troublesome teenage years. Scouts gave me an escape and a family when my mother was

imprisoned for benefit fraud and my siblings were scattered by social services. And volunteering helped immensely during sixth form when I ended up living independently.

During my teenage years, there were times when I struggled and there were moments where I lagged behind in education. Scouting showed me that I could have an impact on the world even if
(4)

_it____was just giving kids something to do. Volunteering gave me what I needed to

continue. Within two years of joining, aged 16 and living by (5) __myself___, I had raised 1,500 to travel to rural Gambia to build accommodation for teachers. I spent a month there sleeping in tents by the village, engulfed by the sights, sounds and smells of Africa. Two months later, I was camping out in -30C Russia, also as a volunteer. Why do I think that volunteering is such a good thing to do? I believe that volunteering is worthwhile, no matter what is. Jon Robinson, 22, is a medicine student at Keele University and believes
(7) (6)

__the___ background

__the___

voluntary work got (8) __to___ his place there. Jon has helped on wards at a local hospital, been publicity officer for both the University of Birmingham and National Nightline Association, and has set up the Keele branch of Mental Wealth. (9)__he___ says: "I really think that should have a go at voluntary work at some point, especially while Friends of difficult."
(12) (11) (13) (10)

__i___

_i am____ at university. _their____ much more

_those____ who have gone into the real world find

My volunteering has led to some amazing experiences. Firstly, a few weeks before starting university I was nominated by my Scout group for the Cambridgeshire young people of the year awards. To my amazement, I won and accepted first place in front of hundreds of VIPs, friends and politicians. I've never done volunteering for rewards but
(14)

__it___ helped to show that

what I was doing was worth it and that it really did make an impact on the world.

Another fantastic experience was when we went to a local town in Gambia. Towards the end of the expedition our group stayed in Kaira Konko, a scout centre in the local town of Soma. One of the leaders decided to abandon me, leaving me with around 80 kids, most of whom spoke limited

or no English, to entertain. Before long, with the help of an older child to translate and some very bad sign language from (15) __it___, I had
(16)

__whether___ playing scout games and activities.

I still volunteer now, for the past year I've been part of Team V, a nationwide leadership program run by V-Inspired, and I continue to engage within the societies at my university campus and I am still a Scout. I'd recommend volunteering to
(17)

_yours____. It not only enhances your CV,

(18)

something which is becoming more important, but skills that are otherwise inaccessible.

__those___ gives you opportunities and

A report by the Scouts states that 91% of volunteers felt that Scouting has helped __the___develop key skills and a third felt that
(20)

(19)

_they____ had the ability to access

opportunities that are either difficult or impossible to obtain otherwise. Without volunteering I wouldn't be at university, I wouldn't have the confidence I do now, or be writing this article. Ultimately though, without volunteering I doubt I'd be here at all.

Task 3: Underline the correct answers. (REUTERS HEALTH) - Young, low-income diabetics may not
3. 1.

(know / knows) they need

annual eye exams, a new study 2. (suggest / suggests). At a large public hospital where the study (was/were) done, few diabetic patients had visited the eye care clinic within the last two years.
4.

That's troubling because without regular eye care, diabetics can

(lose/ loses) their vision,

author Paul MacLennan told Reuters Health. MacLennan led the study at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine. Roughly 26 million people in the U.S. 5. (have/ has) diabetes - and about a third of them 6. (have/ has) a dangerous eye condition called diabetic retinopathy, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In diabetic retinopathy, the retina
9. 7.

(dont /doesn't) receive enough blood, and people can go

8.

blind as a result. In early stages, the changes in the eye are hard to treatments can help slow or

(detect/ detects). Laser

(stop/ stops) vision loss, but they cannot restore sight that's already

lost, according to the American Optometric Association. That's why it's important to catch the condition in its first stages with regular eye exams. "Diabetic retinopathy 10. (is / are) the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults in the United States," MacLennan told Reuters Health in an email. "People with diabetes are) also at increased risk for other eye disease such as glaucoma and cataracts," he said. Patients are at risk regardless of whether their diabetes 12. (is/ are) type 1 or type 2. Several U.S. health authorities 13. (agree / agrees) that people with type 2 diabetes should 14. ( have / has) eye exams every year, and those with type 1 should have yearly exams starting five years after their diagnosis. For the new study, researchers examined the records of 867 diabetic adults who visited an outpatient clinic at Cooper Green Mercy Hospital in Birmingham, Alabama, in 2007. Three quarters of the patients
15. 11.

(is/

(was/ were) black. On average, patients had been diagnosed with

diabetes about three years earlier. More than half had uncontrolled diabetes and more than half 16. (was/ were) uninsured. Only 33 percent of patients had visited the eye care clinic within the previous year, and 45 percent had visited in the previous two years, according to results in JAMA Ophthalmology. Compared to those older than age 65, patients between 19 and 39 years old likely to
18. 17.

(was/ were) less

(have/ had) visited the eye clinic. That's not surprising, MacLennan said, because
19.

generally, "younger people have not had a long duration of diagnosis and

(is/ are) likely to

have not as frequently received the message that annual eye care is important." Educating patients and providers about eye health could help 20. (increase / increases) awareness and necessary eye exams, he said."Recent studies
21.

(suggest/ suggests) that only 2 in 3 people

23.

with diabetes follow the recommended guidelines," MacLennan said. The results of the study 22. (add/ adds) to the evidence that poor African Americans (don't/ doesnt) receive adequate
24.

eye care, he said. "Educational efforts directed at younger minorities with diabetes has) the potential to increase awareness of the importance of eye care among groups," he said.
25.

(have/

(this/ these)