Verbos Auxiliares

VERBO TO HAVE (tener, haber)

PRESENTE SIMPLE I have you have he has we have you have they have PASADO SIMPLE I had you had he had we had you had they had A Presente Sim !e Pasa"# Sim !e Presente Per$e%t# Pasa"# Per$e%t# F&t&r# Sim !e C#n"i%i#na! Sim !e F&t&r# Per$e%t# C#n"i%i#na! Per$e%t# PRESENTE PERFECTO I have had you have had he has had we have had you have had they have had PASADO PERFECTO I had had you had had he had had we had had you had had they had had FUTURO SIMPLE I shall have you will have he will have we shall have you will have they will have CONDICIONAL SIMPLE I should have you would have he would have we should have you would have they would have FUTURO PERFECTO I shall have had you will have had he will have had we shall have had you will have had they will have had CONDICIONAL PERFECTO I should have had you would have had he would have had we should have had you would have had they would have had FORMA NE'ATIVA I have not I had not I have not had I had not had I shall not have I should not have I shall not have had I should not have had

FORMA INTERRO'ATIVA have I? had I? have I had? had I had? shall I have? should I have? shall I have had? should I have had?

VERBO TO BE (ser, estar)

PRESENTE SIMPLE I am you are he is we are you are they are PASADO SIMPLE I was you were he was we were you were they were A Presente Sim !e Pasa"# Sim !e Presente Per$e%t# Pasa"# Per$e%t# F&t&r# Sim !e C#n"i%i#na! Sim !e F&t&r# Per$e%t# C#n"i%i#na! Per$e%t# PRESENTE PERFECTO I have been you have been he has been we have been you have been they have been PASADO PERFECTO I had been you had been he had been we had been you had been they had been FUTURO SIMPLE I shall be you will be he will be we shall be you will be they will be CONDICIONAL SIMPLE I should be you would be he would be we should be you would be they would be FUTURO PERFECTO I shall have been you will have been he will have been we shall have been you will have been they will have been CONDICIONAL PERFECTO I should have been you would have been he would have been we should have been you would have been they would have been

FORMA INTERRO'ATIVA am I? was I? have I been? had I been? shall I be? should I be? shall I have been? should I have been?

FORMA NE'ATIVA I am not I was not I have not been I had not been I shall not be I should not be I shall not have been I should not have been

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Paginas para Diferenciar elementos similares en ingles ejm They y their

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Verb# in(!)s * T# Be (Ser, Estar)

To be es el verbo ms tpico en ingls. Tiene tres conjugaciones en el presente. a conjugaci!n para I "yo# es am. a conjugaci!n para you "t$% &d.% vosotros% &ds.#% we "nosotros# y they "ellos% ellas# es are. a conjugaci!n para la tercera persona singular he "l#% she "ella# e it "l% ella# es is. I you he she it we they am are is is is are are

Us# To be es normalement e'uivalente a los verbos ser y estar. Tambin se puede ser igual a tener o hacer. To be puede ser seguido de un adjetivo% un nombre% una preposici!n o un verbo. T# be + a",eti-# Esta"# a%t&a! I am tired "(stoy cansado# )e is sic* "(s en+ermo# ,re you ready? "-(sts listo?# .e are hungry "Tenemos hambre# Des%ri %i.n /he is pretty "(s bonita# They are *ind "/on amables#

.e are 0ussian "/omos rusos#

T# be + n#mbre I am a lawyer "/oy abogado# )e is a student "(s estudiante# .e are +riends "/omos amigos#

T# be +

re #si%i.n

L&(ar I am at home "(stoy en la casa# It is on the table "(st en la mesa# ,re you in (ngland? "-(sts en Inglaterra?# Ori(en )e1s +rom /pain "(s de (spa2a# I am +rom /an 3iego "/oy de /an 3iego# This co++ee is +rom ,+rica "(ste ca+ es de 4+rica#

T# be + -erb# To be se utili5a con otros verbos para crear otras construcciones verbales. /0 To be seguido del participio presente "'ue se termina en 6ing en ingls# crea el presente continuo% 'ue indica una acci!n 'ue se pasa ahora mismo. I am wor*ing "Trabajo% (stoy trabajando# )e is running "7orre% (st corriendo# ,re you sleeping? "-3uermes? -(sts dormiendo?#

10 To be seguido del participio pasado "'ue se termina normalmente en 6ed o 6en# crea la vo5 pasiva. T8 is watched too much "/e mira demasiado la televisi!n# 7a*e is eaten with a +or* " a tarta se come con tenador# 9oo*s are written on every subject " os librons son escritos sobre todo sujeto#

20 To be seguido del in+initivo "to : verbo# indica algo 'ue debe pasar. "(sta construcci!n es bastante raro y +ormal en ingls 6 se usa to have en su lugar.# ;ou are to help us "3ebes ayudarnos# I am to leave tomorrow "8oy a < Tengo 'ue irme ma2ana# .e are to call i+ we need help "3ebemos llamar si necesitamos ayuda#

Otr#s &s#s "e to be 3#ra .hat time is it? "-=u hora es? #

It is >?am "/on las >?# It is late "(s tarde# Tiem # It is sunny ")ace sol# It is hot ")ace calor# Is it windy? "-)ace viento?#

Verb# in(!)s * T# D# (3a%er)

To do es uno de los verbos ingleses ms importantes. Tiene dos conjugaciones en el presente. a conjugaci!n para la tercera persona singular he "l#% she "ella# e it "l% ella# es does. @ara todas las otras personas gramaticales% la conjugaci!n es do. I you he she it we "# "# "#es "#es "#es "#

they "#

(l verbo do es un e'uivalente del verbo hacer. /he does her homewor* at night. (lla hace su tarea por la tarde. .e do this all the time. Tim does nothing all day. I do my chores a+ter school. )acemos eso todo el tiempo. Tim no hace nada todo el da. )ago mis 'uehaceres despus de clase.

En(!ish 4es5N# 6&esti#ns 7 Pre(&ntas "e s8 # n# en in(!)s

(n ingls hay dos tipos de preguntas bsicasA preguntas de s o no "yes/no 'uestions# y preguntas de in+ormaci!n "wh- 'uestions#. (n ingls% las preguntas de s o no usan los verbos be% have% do% o un verbo modal. (sas preguntas siempre empie5an con uno de esos verbos y se puede contestar las con s!lo yes "s# o no% o sea con la pregunta repetida como una a+irmaci!n. B!teseA Bo es posible hacer una pregunta sin uno de eso verbos auCiliares. )e want a car? 3oes he want a car? Quiere un coche?

;ou going to eat with us? ,re you going to eat with us? Vas a comer con nosotros?

BE
&sa el verbo be para preguntar sobre la identidad% la descripci!n o la ubicaci!n de algo o alguien% o sobre unas actividades o situaciones en el present o el pasado. I"enti"a" < Des%ri %i.n &sa be con un nombre o adjetivo para preguntar sobre la identidad o la descripci!n de una persona% un lugar o una cosa. ,m I your best +riend? Soy tu mejor amigo? Is this interesting? Eso es interesante? ;es "you are#. Bo "it is not#.

,re these islands part o+ Dreece? ;es "they are#. Esas islas ertenecen a !recia? .as his idea good? Su idea era buena? .ere they happy? Eran "elices? Bo "it wasn1t#. ;es "they were#.

Ubi%a%i.n #e$ ms una +rase preposicional% est usado para preguntar sobre la ubicaci!n de ayer y de hoy de una persona o una cosa. ,m I near your house? Estoy cerca de tu casa? Is he in @anam? Est% en &anam%? ,re we at the border yet? 'legamos a la "rontera ya? .as his apartment above a ba*ery? Su a artamento estaba encima de una anader(a? .ere the demonstrations downtown? 'as mani"estaciones eran en el centro? Bo "you aren1t#. ;es "he is#. Bo "we are not#. ;es "it was#.

Bo "they weren1t#.

A%ti-i"a"es 9 sit&a%i#nes en e!

resente

@ara preguntar sobre actividades o situaciones 'ue estn pasando ahora o 'ue van a pasar muy pronto% usa el progresivo presenteA el presente de be : participio presente "verbo:ing#.

,m I going with you and Tom? Voy contigo y con Tom? Is (ngland adopting the euro? Inglaterra ado tar% el euro? Is she wor*ing today? Ella est% trabajando hoy? ,re they going there now? Est%n yendo all% ahora? ,re we seeing a play tonight? Veremos un obra de teatro esta noche?

;es "you are#. Bo "it isn1t#. Bo "she isn1t#. ;es "they are#. ;es "we are#.

A%ti-i"a"es 9 sit&ati#ns en e!

asa"#

@ara preguntar sobre una actividad o situaci!n 'ue ocuri! en el pasado y dur! por un tiempo indeterminado% usa el progresivo pasadoA el pasado de be : participio presente. .as it raining? Estaba lloviendo? .as ,nna coo*ing? )nna cocinaba? .ere the prisoners rebelling? Se estaban rebelando$ los risioneros? .ere they singing? *antaban? ;es "it was#. Bo "she wasn1t#. ;es "they were#.

Bo "they weren1t#.

S&%es#

asa"#

@ara preguntar sobre algo 'ue pas! a una persona o una cosa% usa la vo5 pasivaA el pasado de be : participio pasado "verbo : ed o en# .as he given a reward? +ue dado un remio? .as I chosen? +ue escojido yo? .ere you driven home in a taCi? +uiste llevado a la casa en un ta,i? .ere dinosaurs *illed by meteors? 'os dinasauros "ueron matados or meteoros? ;es "he was#. Bo "you were not#. ;es "we were#. Bo they weren1t#.

3AVE

&sa el verbo have para preguntar si una acci!n ha ocurrido o si alguien ha hecho algo. B!tese 'ue el verbo auCiliar have es en el presenteE y el verbo principal siempre es un participio pasado. )as your brother le+t? Tu hermano ha salido? )ave you +lown be+ore? -a volado usted$ ya? )as the party started? .a em e/0 la "iesta? )ave the guests eaten? 'os invitados han comido? Bo "he hasn1t#. ;es "I have#. ;es "it has#. Bo "they haven1t#.

E(s posible +ormar una pregunta de s o no con had "el pasado de have# pero solamente en situaciones muy particulares. (ntonces% eso ser eCplicado en una lecci!n +utura.

DO
&sa el verbo do para obtenir datos de personas% lugares o cosas. 1o siempre es seguido por el sujeto y un verbo en el in+initivo sin to. 3o they smo*e? Ellos "uman? 3oes 9ogot get cold? -ace "rio en #ogot%? 3id it wor*? S( "uncion0? 3o +lying +ish really +ly? 'os eses voladores en verdad vuelan? 3oes running hurt your *nees? El correr se te hace mal a las rodillas? 3id teaching challenge you? El ense2ar se te desa"i0? Bo "they don1t#. ;es "it does#. Bo "it didn1t#. Bo "they don1t#. ;es "it does#. ;es "it did#.

VERBOS MODALES
&sa los verbos modales para obtenir ms in+ormaci!n sobre posibilidades o incertidumbres. os verbos modales siempre estn seguidos de un verbo en el in+initivo sin to.

7an we stay? &odemos 3uedar? 7ould this be true? &uede ser ver(dico? /hould they stop? 1eber(an arar? Fay I help you? 'e uedo ayudar? .ill it rain? 'lover%?

;es "we can stay#. ;es "it could be true#. Bo "they shouldn1t#. ;es "you may#. Bo "it won1t rain#.

.ould you go with me? ;es "I would#. Ir(as conmigo?

0ecuerdaA ,l +ormar una pregunta con do o un verbo modal% el verbo principal 'ueda en el in+initivo sin to. Incorrecto 3o you to drin* co++ee? 3oes she to wor* here? 7an I to go with you? Correcto 3o you drin* co++ee? Tomas el ca"4? 3oes she wor* here? Ella trabaja a3u(? 7an I go with you? &uedo ir contigo?

/hould we to email her? /hould we email her? 1eber(amos mandarle un email?

Bo obstante% si hay dos verbos in+initivos 'ue siguen el verbo do% el segundo in+initivo re'uiere to. Incorrecto Correcto

3o you want drin* co++ee? 3o you want to drin* a co++ee? Qui4res tomar un ca"4? 3oes she li*e wor* here? 3id you need go home? 3oes she li*e to wor* here? ) ella le gusta trabajar a3u(? 3id you need to go home? 5sted necesitaba ir a la casa?

G noter A Il est impossible de poser une 'uestion +erme sans verbe auCiliaire. )e *now your phone number? 3oes he *now your phone number? Sabe su n6mero de tel4"ono?

They returning today?

,re they returning today? Van a regresar hoy?

B!tese 'ue hay varias maneras de contestar a una pregunta de s o no% especialemente al usar las contracciones. Is he busy? 7l est% ocu ado? Bo. 8o9

Bo% he isn1t. Bo% he1s not. Bo% he is not. 8o$ no lo est%9

Bo% he isn1t busy. Bo% he1s not busy. Bo% he is not busy. 8o$ no est% ocu ado9

Ne(a%i.n %#n :"#;

(n +rases negativas% do +unciona como verbo auCiliar. ,s% do es el verbo conjugado y el 'ue lleva tiempo "presente o pasado# mientras el verbo principal 'ueda en el in+initivo "sin to#. a palabra negativa not cae entre los dos verbos. sujeto > . H . I . J . K . I )e au,iliar do does negaci0 n not verbo rinci al li*e eat grow sell buy nombre bananas.

7anada does .e Tom do did

L . >. H. I. J. K. L.

They

did

import

Bo me gustan los pltanos. Ml no come pltanos. 7anada no cultiva pltanos. Bo vendemos pltanos. Tom no compr! pltanos. Bo importaron pltanos.

(l negativo del verbo do puede ser una contracci!n. (ste tip de contracci!n ocurre con mucha +re'uencia en el ingls oral y escrito. do does did : not N don1t doesn1t didn1t

7on la eCcepci!n de los verbos be y los verbos modales% do es obligatorio para +ormar +rases negativas. I want to go. Quiero ir9 I do not want to go. 8o 3uiero ir9

)e *nows me. 7l me conoce9

)e doesn1t *now me. 7l no me conoce9

.e have a car.

.e don1t have a car.

Tenemos un coche9 8o tenemos un coche9

They read boo*s. 'een libros9

They do not read boo*s. 8o leen libros9

/usan wor*s here. Susan trabaja a3u(9

/usan does not wor* here. Susan no trabaja a3u(9

/i la oraci!n est en el pasado% el verbo principal revuelve al in+initivo y el verbo do est puesto en el pasado. /he watched T8. Ella mir0 la tele9 /he did not watch T8. Ella no mir0 la tele9

Faria li*ed Ted. :aria 3uer(a a Ted9

Faria didn1t li*e Ted. :aria no 3uer(a a Ted9

.e dran* co++ee. Tomamos ca"49

.e did not drin* co++ee. 8o tomamos ca"49

I saw the movie. Vi la el(cula9

I didn1t see the movie. 8o vi la el(cula9

They smo*ed. +umaron.

They didn1t smo*e. 8o "umaron9

Verb# in(!)s * T# 3a-e (Tener)

To have es uno de los verbos ingleses ms importantes. Tiene dos conjugaciones en el presente. a conjugaci!n para la tercera persona singular he "l#% she "ella# e it "l% ella# es has. @ara todas las otras personas gramaticales% la conjugaci!n es have. I you he she it we they ha-e ha-e has has has ha-e ha-e

Us# To have es normalement e'uivalente al verbo tener. Tambin se puede ser igual a haber. To have puede ser seguido de un nombre% un participio pasado o un in+initivo. T# ha-e + n#mbre I have two brothers "Tengo dos hermanos# 3o you have a pen? "-Tienes una pluma?# I thin* he has a 'uestion "7reo 'ue tiene una pregunta#

T# ha-e +

arti%i i#

asa"#

(sta construcci!n +orma el present per+ect "pretrito per+ecto#A .e have already eaten ";a hemos comido# )ave they tried to help you? "-)an tratado de ayudarte?# /he has gone there three times "(lla ha ido all tres veces#

T# ha-e + in$initi-# I have to study "Tengo 'ue estudiar# .e have to leave "Tenemos 'ue partir# )e has to ta*e a shower "Tiene 'ue ducharse#