Questions 1. Does atrazine appear to alter male frog development at any concentration?

Yes, atrazine appears to alter male frogs development such as when the atrazine dose is 0.13% the gonadal abnormalities rise to 14 2. If atrazine does affect male frog development, what is the lowest concentration and dose that appears to have the effect? The lowest concentration is 0.01 per tadpole resulting 6% gonadal abnormalities 3. "The chemical DDT was banned for use in the U.S. in the 1960s. For years afterwards, however, American manufacturers of DDT continued to export it to third world countries that had not yet banned its use. How does this observation relate to the use of atrazine in the U.S. today? Even if U.S. has stopped using atrazine not helping other realize the problem and letting them use it without identifying the harm.

Questions 1. A Syngenta press release quotes James Carr, head of the Texas Tech team, as saying, We have been unable to reproduce the low-concentration effects of atrazine on amphibians reported elsewhere in the scientific literature. This statement refers to Hayes results (Hayes, 2002, 2003). Comment on the accuracy of this statement, and explain your reasoning. I agree with the statement because when Carr redid the experiment he used a de-chlorinated water which Hayes didnt use, so the previous results of Hayes might have been affected by the water type. 2. The Hayes study (Hayes, 2003) was conducted using water samples collected from ponds and streams in agricultural and no- agricultural regions of the Midwest. The study conducted by Carrs group added varying amounts of atrazine to de-chlorinated laboratory water. Which set of experimental conditions, if either, would be more likely to lead to valid experimental results? Explain your reasoning. In my opinion Carrs experiment would have more valid experiment because given that hayes was using pond water that might have been already affected by atrazine, or other chemicals that affects the experiment. 3. Comment on the significance of the Carr data, shown above, that reports the percent of male frogs having gonadal abnormalities at a nominal atrazine concentration of zero micrograms per liter and a nominal dose of zero micrograms per liter. The percent of frogs having gonadal abnormalities at nominal atrazine concentration of zero micrograms per liter and a nominal dose of zero micrograms per liter are equal doe to random mutation

Questions
1. What do the Hayes results indicate about the effect of atrazine on the testosterone concentration in the blood of exposed male frogs? Hayes result indicates abnormalities increase as they are exposed to atrazine but it would also differ due to mutation, genetics, time or random chance 2. What do the MSU results indicate about the effect of atrazine on the testosterone concentration in the blood of exposed male frogs? In the MSU study atrazine decreases make frogs blood testosterone level. 3. Consider the EPAs observation about the presence of atrazine in the controls used in the MSU study. Could this observation explain how Hayes and Hecker could both have accurately reported their experimental observations? Yes because both studies grew larvae in water containing a nominal atrazine concentration of zero ppb 4. In 2003, the EPA recommended that Syngentas license to continue the use of atrazine in the United States be approved. If one assumes that the data presented here are valid, what factor or combination of factors might have led to this recommendation? Atrazine doesnt affect frogs unless it is due to random chance 5. Search for two web sites that support the continued use of atrazine and two web sites opposed to its continued use. Prepare an assessment of the validity of these web sites and be prepared to share your observations in class. Useful guidelines for the evaluation of the credibility of web postings may be found at the following URL: http://www.virtualchase.com/quality/checklist_print.html. Against o o Harm to wildlife and potentially to humans Alter development of sex characteristics in male frogs Small birth size Compromises endocrine, immune and nervous system Miscarriges http://www.nrdc.org/health/atrazine/ http://www.prwatch.org/news/2012/02/11263/atr azine-molecular-bull-china-shop For Effective herbicide Good for farming and agriculture business It is a chemical at a less cost and a higher profit

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http://cornandsoybeandigest.c om/crop-chemicals/farmersspeak-out-support-atrazine http://brownfieldagnews.com/2 009/10/06/growers-supportcontinued-atrazine-use/