August 2001 Lesson 4 1

Lesson 4
Implementation of Synchronous Frame
Harmonic Control for High-Performance AC
Power Supplies
Lesson 4
Implementation of Synchronous Frame
Harmonic Control for High-Performance AC
Power Supplies
August 2001 Lesson 4 2
Goal of the work Goal of the work
Investigation of selective control on output
voltage harmonics.
Motivations:
reduction of voltage distortion in AC Power
Supplies (even with limited voltage loop
bandwidth);
refinements aimed at an efficient
implementation in fixed-point DSPs (here
tested on ADMC401 by Analog Devices).
Investigation of selective control on output
voltage harmonics.
Motivations:
reduction of voltage distortion in AC Power
Supplies (even with limited voltage loop
bandwidth);
refinements aimed at an efficient
implementation in fixed-point DSPs (here
tested on ADMC401 by Analog Devices).
August 2001 Lesson 4 3
Presentation outline Presentation outline
Review of synchronous reference frame
harmonic regulation
Decomposition in three-layer control
scheme
A modified solution based on Discrete
Fourier Transform
Design guidelines for regulator parameters
DSP implementation using ADMC401
Experimental results
Review of synchronous reference frame
harmonic regulation
Decomposition in three-layer control
scheme
A modified solution based on Discrete
Fourier Transform
Design guidelines for regulator parameters
DSP implementation using ADMC401
Experimental results
August 2001 Lesson 4 4
Current
Controller
Space
Vector
Modulator
Space
Vector
Modulator
Current control
(optional)
Current control
(optional)
u
dc
+
_
L
C
F
i
L
i
+
+
Ouput voltage
feed-forward
Ouput voltage
feed-forward
F
i
Load
o
u
+
_
+
+
+
+
Ks
Ks
conventional regulator conventional regulator
iF

+
+
abc

+
+
Transformer




+
abc

o
u
*

o
u
*

Closed-loop
control of
selected
harmonics
o
u
+
*
iF
*

Synchronous frame harmonic control Synchronous frame harmonic control
August 2001 Lesson 4 5
Basic scheme Basic scheme
Output
voltage
errors
Output
voltage
errors
Reference
currents
Reference
currents
Leading
angle
k
Leading
angle
k








dqk+
dqk+
dqk-
dqk-
Reg
k
i
F


+
+ +
+

k
+ + + +
k
i
F

Reg
k
Reg
k
Reg
k

k
+ + + +
k

k

k
Regulation of positive sequence k-th harmonic Regulation of positive sequence k-th harmonic
Regulation of negative sequence k-th harmonic Regulation of negative sequence k-th harmonic
August 2001 Lesson 4 6
















= == =










+ ++ +
+ ++ +
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
S S
S S
qk
dk
















= == =










+ ++ +
+ ++ +
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
S S
S S
qk
dk












+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ +
= == =






+ ++ +
+ ++ +
+ ++ +
+ ++ +
qk
dk
k S k S
k S k S
k
k
y
y
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
y
y












+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ +
= == =






+ ++ +
+ ++ +
+ ++ +
+ ++ +
qk
dk
k S k S
k S k S
k
k
y
y
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
y
y












+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ +
= == =










qk
dk
k S k S
k S k S
k
k
y
y
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
y
y












+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ +
= == =










qk
dk
k S k S
k S k S
k
k
y
y
) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
y
y
















= == =












) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
S S
S S
qk
dk
















= == =












) t k cos( ) t k ( sin
) t k ( sin ) t k cos(
S S
S S
qk
dk
Basic scheme equations Basic scheme equations

dqk+

dqk-

dqk+

dqk-
August 2001 Lesson 4 7
Equivalence with stationary frame control Equivalence with stationary frame control
Reg
kAC
Reg
kAC
[ [[ [ ] ]] ]
[ [[ [ ] ]] ] ) k j s ( g Re ) k j s ( g Re sin j
) k j s ( g Re ) k j s ( g Re cos ) s ( g Re
s k s k k
s k s k k kAC
+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ + + ++ + = == = [ [[ [ ] ]] ]
[ [[ [ ] ]] ] ) k j s ( g Re ) k j s ( g Re sin j
) k j s ( g Re ) k j s ( g Re cos ) s ( g Re
s k s k k
s k s k k kAC
+ ++ + + ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ + + ++ + = == =








dqk+
dqk+
dqk-
dqk-
Reg
k
i
F

+
+
+
+

k

k
+ + + +
k
i
F

Equivalence Equivalence
i
F

i
F





Reg
k
Reg
k
Reg
k


k
+ + + +
k
k
August 2001 Lesson 4 8
If Reg
k
(s) is a integral regulator, the previous
equivalence implies that Reg
kAC
(s) is a band-
pass filter centered on the k
th
harmonic
frequency.
This is true if and only if both direct and reverse
sequence controllers are implemented.
It is possible to implement synchronous
regulators either in the dq rotating frame or in
the stationary frame, with perfectly equivalent
performance.
If Reg
k
(s) is a integral regulator, the previous
equivalence implies that Reg
kAC
(s) is a band-
pass filter centered on the k
th
harmonic
frequency.
This is true if and only if both direct and reverse
sequence controllers are implemented.
It is possible to implement synchronous
regulators either in the dq rotating frame or in
the stationary frame, with perfectly equivalent
performance.
Equivalence with stationary frame control Equivalence with stationary frame control
August 2001 Lesson 4 9
Equivalence with stationary frame control Equivalence with stationary frame control
The leading angle
k
can be used to
compensate for internal delays, such as that of
the current controller.
In practice, the current reference is phase
shifted to compensate for the current
controller delay.
In the stationary frame implementation, based
on band-pass filters, this may or may not have
a possible equivalent (depending on the
regulator structure).
The leading angle
k
can be used to
compensate for internal delays, such as that of
the current controller.
In practice, the current reference is phase
shifted to compensate for the current
controller delay.
In the stationary frame implementation, based
on band-pass filters, this may or may not have
a possible equivalent (depending on the
regulator structure).
August 2001 Lesson 4 10
Three-layer decomposition Three-layer decomposition
AC Power Supplies requirements
Fast transient response with limited
overshoot under load changes;
Possibly fast regulation of output voltage
fundamental harmonic component;
For distorting loads with slowly-varying
harmonics, harmonic control in some
fundamental cycles (decoupling between
different controllers is needed!).
AC Power Supplies requirements
Fast transient response with limited
overshoot under load changes;
Possibly fast regulation of output voltage
fundamental harmonic component;
For distorting loads with slowly-varying
harmonics, harmonic control in some
fundamental cycles (decoupling between
different controllers is needed!).
August 2001 Lesson 4 11
Three-layer decomposition Three-layer decomposition
The previous requirements suggest a
decomposition of the control system in three
layers:
reference tracking control (for a quick
dynamic response) loop bandwidth;
fundamental component control high loop
gain at the fundamental frequency, with low
selectivity;
harmonics control high loop gain at each
harmonic frequency with high selectivity.
The previous requirements suggest a
decomposition of the control system in three
layers:
reference tracking control (for a quick
dynamic response) loop bandwidth;
fundamental component control high loop
gain at the fundamental frequency, with low
selectivity;
harmonics control high loop gain at each
harmonic frequency with high selectivity.
August 2001 Lesson 4 12
Three-Layer Decomposition Three-Layer Decomposition
x x
z-1
e
+j
s
t
e
-j

s
t
x x
z-1
z
-Na
running DFT running DFT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
K
P
proportional gain proportional gain
fundamental frequency control fundamental frequency control
1
u
o
u
o

_
*
i
F

current
references
*
K
F
T
sw
K
I1
T
sw
K
I1


Harmonics
Control
Harmonics
Control
Fundamental
Component
Control
Fundamental
Component
Control
Tracking
Control
Tracking
Control
e
-j
s
t
e
+j
s
t
2
3
August 2001 Lesson 4 13
Bode diagram of open loop gain Bode diagram of open loop gain
(a) only proportional gain (a) only proportional gain (b) PI control (b) PI control
Magnitude (dB) Magnitude (dB)
(a) only proportional (a) only proportional
(b) - PI control (b) - PI control
(c)
(c)
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
Frequency (rad/sec) Frequency (rad/sec)
-20
0
20
40
60
80

10
2
10
3
10
4
-200
-150
-100
-50
0

Phase (deg) Phase (deg)
harmonic control harmonic control
fundamental control fundamental control
(c) (c)
(c) integral rotating-frame regulators (c) integral rotating-frame regulators
August 2001 Lesson 4 14
In principle, harmonics could be controlled by
integral, rotating frame regulators.
This solution is cumbersome, requiring a large
number of dq transformations.
The AC equivalent of the integral controller is a
high selectivity band-pass filter. This is difficult
to implement because of fixed point arithmetic.
Even if no stability problems can be generated,
the selectivity is strongly limited by rounding
errors affecting the filter coefficients.
In principle, harmonics could be controlled by
integral, rotating frame regulators.
This solution is cumbersome, requiring a large
number of dq transformations.
The AC equivalent of the integral controller is a
high selectivity band-pass filter. This is difficult
to implement because of fixed point arithmetic.
Even if no stability problems can be generated,
the selectivity is strongly limited by rounding
errors affecting the filter coefficients.
Notes Notes
August 2001 Lesson 4 15
F
h
- pass-band filter with unity gain and zero phase at
harmonic h, with good selectivity
F
h
- pass-band filter with unity gain and zero phase at
harmonic h, with good selectivity
( (( ( ) )) )









= == =
+ ++ +
= == =
h
h
h h
N h
h
N h
h
F
N h
h
h
F
N h
2
s
2
Ih
hAC
F 1
F
K
F 1
F
K
h s
s K 2
) s ( g Re
( (( ( ) )) )









= == =
+ ++ +
= == =
h
h
h h
N h
h
N h
h
F
N h
h
h
F
N h
2
s
2
Ih
hAC
F 1
F
K
F 1
F
K
h s
s K 2
) s ( g Re
Harmonic control Harmonic control
s h
Ih
F
h
K
K

= == =
s h
Ih
F
h
K
K

= == =
K
F
is defined as follows: K
F
is defined as follows:
K
F
is constant provided K
Ih
are equal to hK
I
K
F
is constant provided K
Ih
are equal to hK
I
August 2001 Lesson 4 16


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
The above approximation is well verified by
several types of band-pass filters. A good choice,
which offers significant implementation
advantages, is represented by FIR filters based on
DFT such as:
The above approximation is well verified by
several types of band-pass filters. A good choice,
which offers significant implementation
advantages, is represented by FIR filters based on
DFT such as:
For a single harmonic frequency For a single harmonic frequency
Harmonic control Harmonic control
August 2001 Lesson 4 17
Harmonic control Harmonic control


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
This equation is based on the expression of
the h-th harmonic component of a given input
signals DFT to derive a filter (running DFT).
The structure is that of a typical FIR filter
(linear combination of delays).
From this standpoint NT
s
(T
s
is the sampling
period) does not necessarily represent the
period of the input signal, which can be even
non-periodic.
This equation is based on the expression of
the h-th harmonic component of a given input
signals DFT to derive a filter (running DFT).
The structure is that of a typical FIR filter
(linear combination of delays).
From this standpoint NT
s
(T
s
is the sampling
period) does not necessarily represent the
period of the input signal, which can be even
non-periodic.
August 2001 Lesson 4 18


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
Computing this equation in the time-domain gives: Computing this equation in the time-domain gives:
Harmonic control Harmonic control
FIR filter transfer function


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
h
) i k ( x i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) k ( y


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
h
) i k ( x i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) k ( y
y
h
(k) is a sinusoidal signal that represents the
projection of the input signal x(k) upon the cosine
base function of order h.
y
h
(k) is a sinusoidal signal that represents the
projection of the input signal x(k) upon the cosine
base function of order h.
coefficients are not
time dependent!
August 2001 Lesson 4 19
Harmonic control Harmonic control
Comparison with DFT: Comparison with DFT:


= == =







= == =
1 N
0 k
N
) k ( x k h
N
2
cos ) h ( X


= == =







= == =
1 N
0 k
N
) k ( x k h
N
2
cos ) h ( X


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
h
) i k ( x i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) k ( y


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
h
) i k ( x i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) k ( y FIR filter
h
th
order cosine
component in the
DFT of signal x(k)
k is the time index, so in the DFT coefficients are
time dependent. The structure of the two algorithms
is exactly the same.
August 2001 Lesson 4 20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
1
Harmonic order Harmonic order
Harmonic control Harmonic control
Sampled
frequency
response, as
seen by signals
with period
NT
s
/h.
Sampled
frequency
response, as
seen by signals
with period
NT
s
/h.
Frequency response of function F
dh
(z) for h = 3. Frequency response of function F
dh
(z) for h = 3.
August 2001 Lesson 4 21
Harmonic control Harmonic control


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F


= == =








= == =
1 N
0 i
i
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F


= == =





| || |


\ \\ \

( (( (

( (( (




= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N h N h
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h


= == =





| || |


\ \\ \

( (( (

( (( (




= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N h N h
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h
For a single harmonic For a single harmonic
No additional calculations
for more harmonics
No additional calculations
for more harmonics
For multiple frequencies For multiple frequencies
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
1
Harmonic order
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
1
Example: 3
rd
Example: 3
rd
Example: 3
rd
, 5
th
Example: 3
rd
, 5
th
Harmonic order
August 2001 Lesson 4 22
Harmonic control Harmonic control


= == =





| || |


\ \\ \

( (( (

( (( (




= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N h N h
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h


= == =





| || |


\ \\ \

( (( (

( (( (




= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N h N h
dh
z i h
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h
The coefficient for the i-th term can be
computed off-line according to:
The control complexity does not depend on
the number of harmonic components taken
into account.
The coefficient for the i-th term can be
computed off-line according to:
The control complexity does not depend on
the number of harmonic components taken
into account.









k
N h
i h
N
2
cos









k
N h
i h
N
2
cos
August 2001 Lesson 4 23
Design Criteria Design Criteria
Proportional terms and fundamental frequency
control are based on specified bandwidth and
phase margin:
Proportional terms and fundamental frequency
control are based on specified bandwidth and
phase margin:
2
c
2
s
2
c
Ic 1 I
2
K K


= == =
2
c
2
s
2
c
Ic 1 I
2
K K


= == =
Equivalence with PI Equivalence with PI
Fundamental frequency control Fundamental frequency control
K
Ic
is the integral gain of a conventionally
designed PI regulator.
K
Ic
is the integral gain of a conventionally
designed PI regulator.
August 2001 Lesson 4 24
Harmonic control Harmonic control
Amplification of frequencies close to the
harmonics is an undesired effect of the filter
superposition.
Introduction of the leading angle
k
is possible
by means of positive feedback, provided that
the angle is proportional to the harmonic
frequency.
Internal delays can be compensated.
Amplification of frequencies close to the
harmonics is an undesired effect of the filter
superposition.
Introduction of the leading angle
k
is possible
by means of positive feedback, provided that
the angle is proportional to the harmonic
frequency.
Internal delays can be compensated.


= == =


| || |
| || |

| || |


' '' '
| || |
( (( (

( (( (



+ ++ +

= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N k
a
N h
dh
z ) N i ( k
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h


= == =


| || |
| || |

| || |


' '' '
| || |
( (( (

( (( (



+ ++ +

= == =
1 N
0 i
i
N k
a
N h
dh
z ) N i ( k
N
2
cos
N
2
) z ( F
k h
August 2001 Lesson 4 25
Design Criteria Design Criteria
Specification
on the response time (n
pk
)
Specification
on the response time (n
pk
)
S pk
Ik
T n
2 . 2
K = == =
Harmonic control Harmonic control
n
pk
is the desired number of fundamental cycles
for the dynamic response. It must be high enough
to provide de-coupling with the fundamental
frequency control. The equation is derived by
approximated relations between gain and settling
time of 2
nd
order band-pass filters.
n
pk
is the desired number of fundamental cycles
for the dynamic response. It must be high enough
to provide de-coupling with the fundamental
frequency control. The equation is derived by
approximated relations between gain and settling
time of 2
nd
order band-pass filters.
August 2001 Lesson 4 26
Design Criteria Design Criteria
Harmonic control Harmonic control
gain of DFT filters gain of DFT filters
s
Ik
F
32 . 0
K
K


s
Ik
F
32 . 0
K
K


This relation is based on the approximation of the
single DFT filter with a conventional second order
band-pass filter.
By trial and errors the 0.32 coefficient can be
determined as the one minimizing the distance
between the two frequency responses.
This relation is based on the approximation of the
single DFT filter with a conventional second order
band-pass filter.
By trial and errors the 0.32 coefficient can be
determined as the one minimizing the distance
between the two frequency responses.
August 2001 Lesson 4 27
Closed-loop Output Impedance Closed-loop Output Impedance
Frequency (rad/sec) Frequency (rad/sec)
Output Impedance Output Impedance
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40


10
10
3
10
4
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
(c) (c)
2
[dB]
(a) only proportional gain (a) only proportional gain (b) PI control (b) PI control
(c) integral rotating-frame regulators (c) integral rotating-frame regulators
August 2001 Lesson 4 28
DSP Implementation DSP Implementation
Main features of DSP-based controller ADMC401:
16-bit fixed point DSP based on ADSP 2171 core.
Fast arithmetic unit (38.5ns cycle).
High-performance peripherals (double-update
PWM modulators, flash A/D 12 bit converters,
etc..).
Suited for single-chip high-performance motion
control applications.
Main features of DSP-based controller ADMC401:
16-bit fixed point DSP based on ADSP 2171 core.
Fast arithmetic unit (38.5ns cycle).
High-performance peripherals (double-update
PWM modulators, flash A/D 12 bit converters,
etc..).
Suited for single-chip high-performance motion
control applications.
August 2001 Lesson 4 29
Control Program
Flow-Chart
Control Program
Flow-Chart
Initialization
Routines
Wait
Interrupt?
No
Yes
Reference Generation
[ s ]
0
transformations
errors calculations
Voltage control:
proportional +
fundamental frequency
Harmonic control
deadbeat current
control
SVM
Dead-time compensation
PWMSYNC
Timing starting
from ADC conversion
2 s
~3 s
~3 s
~18.4 s
N=200
~ 6.4 s
N=50
~2.7 s
~5 s
~36 s
~24 s
Implementation on
ADMC401
The control program
is written in assembly
language.
The use of DFT based
filters greatly
simplifies the
implementation.
Execution times are
short.
Implementation on
ADMC401
The control program
is written in assembly
language.
The use of DFT based
filters greatly
simplifies the
implementation.
Execution times are
short.
August 2001 Lesson 4 30
.MODULE/RAM/SEG=USER_PM1 DFT_FILTER200;
.CONST ORD_N=200;
.VAR/RAM/PM/CIRC Filt_Coef[ORD_N];
#include "dft.dat /* coefficients
initialization */
.ENTRY DFT200;
DFT200:
i5=^Filt_Coef; /* use dedicated */
l5=%Filt_Coef; /* circular registers */
m5=1; /* i,l,m (0-7) */
l0=%Filt_Coef; /* i0 data pointer (same lenght) */
.MODULE/RAM/SEG=USER_PM1 DFT_FILTER200;
.CONST ORD_N=200;
.VAR/RAM/PM/CIRC Filt_Coef[ORD_N];
#include "dft.dat /* coefficients
initialization */
.ENTRY DFT200;
DFT200:
i5=^Filt_Coef; /* use dedicated */
l5=%Filt_Coef; /* circular registers */
m5=1; /* i,l,m (0-7) */
l0=%Filt_Coef; /* i0 data pointer (same lenght) */
DSP Implementation
Program sample
DSP Implementation
Program sample
August 2001 Lesson 4 31
m1=1;
mr = 0, mx0 = dm(i0,m1), my0 = pm(i5,m5);
cntr=%Filt_coef-1;
do calc0 until ce;
calc0: mr = mr + mx0 * my0 (ss),
mx0 = dm(i0,m1), my0 = pm(i5,m5);
mr = mr + mx0 * my0 (rnd);
if mv sat mr;
rts;
.ENDMOD;
m1=1;
mr = 0, mx0 = dm(i0,m1), my0 = pm(i5,m5);
cntr=%Filt_coef-1;
do calc0 until ce;
calc0: mr = mr + mx0 * my0 (ss),
mx0 = dm(i0,m1), my0 = pm(i5,m5);
mr = mr + mx0 * my0 (rnd);
if mv sat mr;
rts;
.ENDMOD;
DSP Implementation
Program sample
DSP Implementation
Program sample
August 2001 Lesson 4 32
DSP Implementation
Program sample
DSP Implementation
Program sample
The algorithm exploits the same data structures
(circular registers) used for DFT computation.
The managing of these structures is different
with respect to the DFT case.
The DSP is optmized to implement such an
algorithm in minimum time.
Great accuracy and good performance can be
achieved with reduced computation time.
The algorithm exploits the same data structures
(circular registers) used for DFT computation.
The managing of these structures is different
with respect to the DFT case.
The DSP is optmized to implement such an
algorithm in minimum time.
Great accuracy and good performance can be
achieved with reduced computation time.
August 2001 Lesson 4 33
Experimental Setup Experimental Setup
Prototype ratings:
DC-link voltage 300V
Filter Inductance 1 mH
Output Filter Capacitor 120 F
Switching frequency 10kHz
Selected frequencies: 3rd, 5th,7th,9th,11th
August 2001 Lesson 4 34
Experimental Results
Three-phase diode rectifiers - Proposed solution
Experimental Results
Three-phase diode rectifiers - Proposed solution
(a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div) (a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div)
time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div)
frequency (50Hz/div) frequency (50Hz/div)
(a)
(b) Ouput current (10A/div) (b) Ouput current (10A/div)
c) Output voltage
spectrum (10dB/div)
c) Output voltage
spectrum (10dB/div)
(c) (c)
(b)
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
9 9
6 6
7 7
8 8
August 2001 Lesson 4 35
(a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div) (a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div)
time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div) frequency (50Hz/div) frequency (50Hz/div)
(a) (a)
(b) Ouput current (10A/div) (b) Ouput current (10A/div)
(c) (c)
(b) (b)
2 2
3 3 4 4
5 5
9 9
6 6
7 7
8 8
Experimental Results
Three-phase diode rectifiers - PI controller
Experimental Results
Three-phase diode rectifiers - PI controller
c) Output voltage
spectrum (10dB/div)
c) Output voltage
spectrum (10dB/div)
August 2001 Lesson 4 36
Experimental Results
Single-phase diode rectifier
Experimental Results
Single-phase diode rectifier
(a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div) (a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div)
time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div)
(a) (a)
(b) Ouput current (5A/div) (b) Ouput current (5A/div)
(b) (b)
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
Proposed solution Proposed solution Conventional PI Conventional PI
time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div)
August 2001 Lesson 4 37
Experimental Results
Distorting Load Turn-on
Experimental Results
Distorting Load Turn-on
time (10ms/div) time (10ms/div)
(a) (a)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div) (a) Ouput Voltage (40V/div)
(b) Ouput current (10A/div) (b) Ouput current (10A/div)
August 2001 Lesson 4 38
Experimental Results
Linear Load Step-Changes
Experimental Results
Linear Load Step-Changes
Turn-off Turn-off Turn-on Turn-on
time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div) time (5ms/div)
(a) Ouput Voltage and its reference (40V/div) (a) Ouput Voltage and its reference (40V/div)
(b) Ouput current (5A/div) (b) Ouput current (5A/div)
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
(a)
(a)
(b) (b)
August 2001 Lesson 4 39
Reference Reference
P. Mattavelli, S. Fasolo: Implementation of Synchronous
Frame Harmonic Control for High-Performance AC Power
Supplies, IEEE IAS Annual Meeting 2000, Rome, Italy, 8-
12 October, 2000, pp. 1988-1995.
P. Mattavelli, S. Fasolo: Implementation of Synchronous
Frame Harmonic Control for High-Performance AC Power
Supplies, IEEE IAS Annual Meeting 2000, Rome, Italy, 8-
12 October, 2000, pp. 1988-1995.