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  • Acid-Base Titration: 1. Define Acid-Base According To Arrhenius Concept and Lewis-Bronsted Concept

    Hochgeladen von

    Sajeda Islam
    65 Ansichten4 Seiten
    1. Define acid-base according to Arrhenius concept and Lewis-Bronsted concept Arrhenius concept Acid An acid is a chemical substance that can donate a proton Base A base is a chemical substance that can accept a proton Lewis-Bronsted theory An acid is an electron pair acceptor Base A base is an electron pair donor 2. Define acid-base conjugate pair Acid –base conjugate pair In acid-base ionization reaction the acid (HA) gives up a proton (H+) and produces a new base HA ↔H+ + A- The new base that is related to the original acid is called conjugate base. Similarly, the original base (B-) after accepting the proton (H+) gives a new acid which is called a conjugate acid HA + B- ↔ H3O + Cl- 3. Define Law of Mass Action Law of mass action The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the active masses of the reactants Active mass is the molar concentration of a substance that is, number of moles dissolved per liter of a solvent. At equilibrium, Rate of forward reaction= rate of backward reaction k1/k2 =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc = Equilibrium constant 4. Why is the pH of pure water 7? pH of pure water We know that pure water contains 1 X 10-7 gm ions per liter at 24ºC and at this temperature, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7 So at equilibrium condition, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7, Then, [H+] = 1 X 10-7 Or –log [H+] = -log (1 X 10-7) Or pH = - (-7) log10 10 So pH =7 5. Define amphoteric compound/acid Amphoteric compound A conjugate base that is obtained from an acid in the first step and will act as an acid in the next step, is regarded as amphoteric H2A- == H+ + HA- Conjugate base HA- == H+ + A- e.g. Carbonic acid, Sulfuric acid 6. Define strong acid and weak acid Strong acid Strong acid is one that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution Weak acid A weak acid is one that is slightly ionized in aqueous solution 7. Define indicator Indicator Indicators are compounds which show a well defined change in color visually over a definite pH range. Color indicators are mainly weak organic acids, although a few are weak bases Indicators are substances which indicate the equivalent point (end point) of a titration process, generally by their color change. End point Equivalence point is the point (pH value) at which the reaction is completed and the pH at which the indicator just changes their color. 8. State the types of indicators and the reactions they are used for, along with pH range and color change. Types of indicators • Methyl orange pH range: 2.9 -4 Red to yellow • Methyl red pH range : 4.4 – 6 Red to yellow • Litmus pH range : 4.5 – 8.3 Red – blue • Phenolphthalein pH range : 8.3 – 10 Colorless to red 9. State the indiactors and pH range for • Strong acid-strong base reaction • Weak acid and strong base reaction • Strong acid and weak base reaction • Strong acid – strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 7 •Weak acid- strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein pH range is 6 to 11 •Strong acid –weak base reaction Indicators used are methyl red and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 8.

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    Acis-Base

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    1. Define acid-base according to Arrhenius concept and Lewis-Bronsted concept Arrhenius concept Acid An acid is a chemical substance that can donate a proton Base A base is a chemical substance that can accept a proton Lewis-Bronsted theory An acid is an electron pair acceptor Base A base is an electron pair donor 2. Define acid-base conjugate pair Acid –base conjugate pair In acid-base ionization reaction the acid (HA) gives up a proton (H+) and produces a new base HA ↔H+ + A- The new base that is related to the original acid is called conjugate base. Similarly, the original base (B-) after accepting the proton (H+) gives a new acid which is called a conjugate acid HA + B- ↔ H3O + Cl- 3. Define Law of Mass Action Law of mass action The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the active masses of the reactants Active mass is the molar concentration of a substance that is, number of moles dissolved per liter of a solvent. At equilibrium, Rate of forward reaction= rate of backward reaction k1/k2 =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc = Equilibrium constant 4. Why is the pH of pure water 7? pH of pure water We know that pure water contains 1 X 10-7 gm ions per liter at 24ºC and at this temperature, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7 So at equilibrium condition, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7, Then, [H+] = 1 X 10-7 Or –log [H+] = -log (1 X 10-7) Or pH = - (-7) log10 10 So pH =7 5. Define amphoteric compound/acid Amphoteric compound A conjugate base that is obtained from an acid in the first step and will act as an acid in the next step, is regarded as amphoteric H2A- == H+ + HA- Conjugate base HA- == H+ + A- e.g. Carbonic acid, Sulfuric acid 6. Define strong acid and weak acid Strong acid Strong acid is one that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution Weak acid A weak acid is one that is slightly ionized in aqueous solution 7. Define indicator Indicator Indicators are compounds which show a well defined change in color visually over a definite pH range. Color indicators are mainly weak organic acids, although a few are weak bases Indicators are substances which indicate the equivalent point (end point) of a titration process, generally by their color change. End point Equivalence point is the point (pH value) at which the reaction is completed and the pH at which the indicator just changes their color. 8. State the types of indicators and the reactions they are used for, along with pH range and color change. Types of indicators • Methyl orange pH range: 2.9 -4 Red to yellow • Methyl red pH range : 4.4 – 6 Red to yellow • Litmus pH range : 4.5 – 8.3 Red – blue • Phenolphthalein pH range : 8.3 – 10 Colorless to red 9. State the indiactors and pH range for • Strong acid-strong base reaction • Weak acid and strong base reaction • Strong acid and weak base reaction • Strong acid – strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 7 •Weak acid- strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein pH range is 6 to 11 •Strong acid –weak base reaction Indicators used are methyl red and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 8.

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    65 Ansichten4 Seiten

    Acid-Base Titration: 1. Define Acid-Base According To Arrhenius Concept and Lewis-Bronsted Concept

    Hochgeladen von

    Sajeda Islam
    1. Define acid-base according to Arrhenius concept and Lewis-Bronsted concept Arrhenius concept Acid An acid is a chemical substance that can donate a proton Base A base is a chemical substance that can accept a proton Lewis-Bronsted theory An acid is an electron pair acceptor Base A base is an electron pair donor 2. Define acid-base conjugate pair Acid –base conjugate pair In acid-base ionization reaction the acid (HA) gives up a proton (H+) and produces a new base HA ↔H+ + A- The new base that is related to the original acid is called conjugate base. Similarly, the original base (B-) after accepting the proton (H+) gives a new acid which is called a conjugate acid HA + B- ↔ H3O + Cl- 3. Define Law of Mass Action Law of mass action The rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the active masses of the reactants Active mass is the molar concentration of a substance that is, number of moles dissolved per liter of a solvent. At equilibrium, Rate of forward reaction= rate of backward reaction k1/k2 =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc =[C] [D] / [A] [B] Kc = Equilibrium constant 4. Why is the pH of pure water 7? pH of pure water We know that pure water contains 1 X 10-7 gm ions per liter at 24ºC and at this temperature, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7 So at equilibrium condition, [H+] = [OH-] = 1 X 10-7, Then, [H+] = 1 X 10-7 Or –log [H+] = -log (1 X 10-7) Or pH = - (-7) log10 10 So pH =7 5. Define amphoteric compound/acid Amphoteric compound A conjugate base that is obtained from an acid in the first step and will act as an acid in the next step, is regarded as amphoteric H2A- == H+ + HA- Conjugate base HA- == H+ + A- e.g. Carbonic acid, Sulfuric acid 6. Define strong acid and weak acid Strong acid Strong acid is one that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution Weak acid A weak acid is one that is slightly ionized in aqueous solution 7. Define indicator Indicator Indicators are compounds which show a well defined change in color visually over a definite pH range. Color indicators are mainly weak organic acids, although a few are weak bases Indicators are substances which indicate the equivalent point (end point) of a titration process, generally by their color change. End point Equivalence point is the point (pH value) at which the reaction is completed and the pH at which the indicator just changes their color. 8. State the types of indicators and the reactions they are used for, along with pH range and color change. Types of indicators • Methyl orange pH range: 2.9 -4 Red to yellow • Methyl red pH range : 4.4 – 6 Red to yellow • Litmus pH range : 4.5 – 8.3 Red – blue • Phenolphthalein pH range : 8.3 – 10 Colorless to red 9. State the indiactors and pH range for • Strong acid-strong base reaction • Weak acid and strong base reaction • Strong acid and weak base reaction • Strong acid – strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 7 •Weak acid- strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein pH range is 6 to 11 •Strong acid –weak base reaction Indicators used are methyl red and methyl orange pH range is 3 to 8.

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    Acid-base titration

    1. Define acid-base according to Arrhenius concept and Lewis-Bronsted concept Arrhenius concept Acid An acid is a chemical substance that can donate a proton Base A base is a chemical substance that can accept a proton Lewis-Bronsted theory An acid is an electron pair acceptor Base A base is an electron pair donor 2. Define acid-base conjugate pair Acid base conjugate pair In acid-base ionization reaction the acid (HA) gives up a proton (H+) and produces a new base HA H+ + AThe new base that is related to the original acid is called con ugate base! "imilarl#$ the original base (B-) a%ter accepting the proton (H+) gives a new acid which is called a con ugate acid HA + B- H&' + (l3. Define Law of Mass Action Law of mass action The rate o% a chemical reaction is directl# proportional to the active masses o% the reactants Active mass is the molar concentration o% a substance that is$ number o% moles dissolved per liter o% a solvent! At e)uilibrium$

    *ate o% %orward reaction+ rate o% bac,ward reaction ,-.,/ +0(1 021 . 0A1 0B1 3c +0(1 021 . 0A1 0B1 3c + 4)uilibrium constant . !h" is the p# of pure water $% p# of pure water 5e ,now that pure water contains - 6 -7-8 gm ions per liter at /9:( and at this temperature$ 0H+1 + 0'H-1 + - 6 -7-8 "o at e)uilibrium condition$ 0H+1 + 0'H-1 + - 6 -7-8$ Then$ 0H+1 + - 6 -7-8 'r ;log 0H+1 + -log (- 6 -7-8) 'r pH + - (-8) log-7 -7 "o pH +8 &. Define amphoteric compound'acid Amphoteric compound A con ugate base that is obtained %rom an acid in the %irst step and will act as an acid in the ne<t step$ is regarded as amphoteric H/A- ++ H+ + HA(on ugate base HA- ++ H+ + Ae!g! (arbonic acid$ "ul%uric acid (. Define strong acid and wea) acid "trong acid "trong acid is one that is completel# dissociated in a)ueous solution 5ea, acid A wea, acid is one that is slightl# ionized in a)ueous solution $. Define indicator *ndicator Indicators are compounds which show a well de%ined change in color visuall# over a de%inite pH range! (olor indicators are mainl# wea, organic acids$ although a %ew are wea, bases

    Indicators are substances which indicate the e)uivalent point (end point) o% a titration process$ generall# b# their color change! +nd point 4)uivalence point is the point (pH value) at which the reaction is completed and the pH at which the indicator ust changes their color! ,. -tate the t"pes of indicators and the reactions the" are used for. a/ong with p# range and co/or change. 0"pes of indicators =eth#l orange pH range> /!? -9 *ed to #ellow =eth#l red pH range > 9!9 ; @ *ed to #ellow Aitmus pH range > 9!B ; C!& *ed ; blue Dhenolphthalein pH range > C!& ; -7 (olorless to red 1. -tate the indiactors and p# range for -trong acid-strong base reaction !ea) acid and strong base reaction -trong acid and wea) base reaction

    "trong acid ; strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein and meth#l orange pH range is & to 8

    5ea, acid- strong base reaction Indicators used are phenolphthalein pH range is @ to --

    "trong acid ;wea, base reaction Indicators used are meth#l red and meth#l orange pH range is & to C!

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