Chemicals & Human Health Lung Toxicology Problem Set: Student Sheet Directions

A. Ans er the !re"#uestions. $. %o to the ebsite .biology.ari&ona.edu'chh and clic( on the lin( to the Lung

Toxicology Problem Set.

C. )rite the correct ans er in the column labeled Correct Ans er. All o* the ans ers

can be *ound in the Lung Toxicology Problem Set.

D. +x!lain the correct ans er.

Pre",uestions
-circle the ans er you thin( is correct.

Correct Ans er
- rite the letter o* the correct ans er *rom the ebsite.

+x!lain
-ex!lain the correct ans er.

)hich o* the *ollo ing is /0T *ound in the human lung1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli

$.

Dra a !icture and label the !arts o* the lung:

)hich o* the *ollo ing is the smallest !art o* the lung here gas exchange occurs1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli

A!!roximately ho many are there in the human body:

)hich o* the *ollo ing al2eolar cell ty!es clean !articles de!osited in the lungs1 A. macro!hages $. e!ithelium ty!e 4 C. e!ithelium ty!e 44 D. *ibroblasts +. ca!illaries

A.

Dra a !icture that includes all o* the cell ty!es and label:

0ne o* the !rimary *unctions o* the al2eoli is to create a large sur*ace area in the lungs. )hy is a large sur*ace are so im!ortant1

D.

+x!lain:

%as exchange is the !rimary *unction o* the lung. %as exchange occurs by di**usion5 and the rate o* gas exchange is de!endent on sur*ace area. The al2eoli ser2e to !ro2ide a large sur*ace area in the lungs.

D. A. *or energy storage $. to remo2e toxins *rom the blood C. to store oxygen *or *uture use D. *or gas exchange +. *or the (rebs cycle

%as exchange is the !rimary *unction o* the lung. %as exchange occurs by di**usion5 and the rate o* gas exchange is de!endent on sur*ace area. The al2eoli ser2e to !ro2ide a large sur*ace area in the lungs.
Describe the stages o* lung de2elo!ment: /e al2eoli *orm by the !rocess called se!tation. The existing al2eoli gro ne se!ta or alls leading to increasing sur*ace area. ;$onus ,uestion: Ho do you thin( second" hand smo(e may a**ect a child1 +x!lain 4t can a**ect a child by ma(ing their lungs go bad and it may cause them to get medical res!iratory issues in the *uture. They may also get addicted to niccatine. Ho is that attributed to the most deaths1 Smo(ing can cause a 2ariety o* di**erent ays to die including stro(e5 heart disease5 lung cancer and other diseases and cancers.

)hen do the al2eoli de2elo! in lungs in humans1 A. during the *irst 7"8 years o* li*e $. in the 7"3th ee( o* !regnancy C. bet een 9 and 3 years o* age D. during the last 6 ee(s o* !regnancy +. continually throughout a !erson:s li*etime

A.

)hich o* the *ollo ing causes the most deaths in the <S1 A. A4DS $. motor 2ehicles C. homicide D. smo(ing +. alcohol

D.

)hich statement do you agree ith1 A. +n2ironmental tobacco smo(e -+TS.5 also (no n as second"hand smo(e5 has L+SS toxic com!ounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo(e. $. +n2ironmental tobacco smo(e -+TS.5 also (no n as second"hand smo(e5 has >0?+ toxic com!ounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo(e.

$.

+x!lain hy. Smo(e suc(ed in through the cigarette and inhaled by the smo(er has been burned at a higher tem!erature than the smo(e coming o** the end o* a cigarette. This higher tem!erature burning destroys certain o* the toxic com!ounds. About ho many toxic com!ounds are in cigarette smo(e1 4@ com!ounds

)hat is P>7@1 A. the number o* !ac(s !er day that cause lung cancer in 7@B o* the !o!ulation $. !articles hich are small enough to be de!osited in the lungs C. a measure o* the amount o* !ollen in a certain 2olume o* air D. a measure o* the se2erity o* an asthma attac( 0xidants are one toxic com!onent o* cigarette smo(e. )hy are they dangerous1 A. They bloc( sur*actant secretion so that al2eoli colla!se. $. They bloc( the oxygen carrying ca!acity o* hemoglobin. C. They cause cilia to #uit beating so lungs get clogged ith !articles. D. They can damage the D/A o* lung cells much li(e the sun damages s(in cells.

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Ho does this hurt the lungs1 The small !articles o* matter can get into the al2eoli in the lungs. They can cause tissue damage as they hit the lung tissue. They can also cause irritation hich can cause scaring o* the lung tissue.

D.

)hat disease can be the end result o* this damage1 The disease that can be the result o* this damage is cancer hich is deadly.

Asthma is caused by decreased air*lo in and out o* the lungs due to:

List three res!onses in the lung that cause asthma. 7. >uscle s!asms in the air ays 8. S elling o* cells lining the air ays 9. +xcess mucus in the air ays.

7. small abnormalities in 2. reversible bronchial

spasms air ays

9. destruction o* al2eolar
alls 4. allergic reaction in lung tissues

)hat is a Dtrigger1E List 8 exam!les. Factor in the en2ironment that can cause an asthma attac( in a !erson. Allergens and exercise are both triggers.