Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Qu es el Anlisis Factorial?
(AF)
Tcnica multivariante que pretende descubrir las relaciones existentes
entre diversas variables y expresarlas en trminos de unas pocas
cantidades aleatorias subyacentes y no observables, denominadas
factores.
Un ejemplo sencillo
Un ejemplo sencillo
Qu factores influyen en el individuo a la hora de comprar un vehculo?
Un ejemplo sencillo
Qu factores influyen en el individuo a la hora de comprar un vehculo?
Grfico de factores
1.0
confort
seguridad
capacidad
Factor 2
Utilidad
.5
financiacin
precio
0.0
prestaciones
modernidad
consumo combustible
aerodinmica
-.5
-1.0
-1.0
-.5
0.0
Factor 1 Economicidad
.5
1.0
Grfico de sedimentacin
Variables
X1: Conductividad Elctrica
X2: Contenido en bicarbonatos
X3: Contenido en cloruros
X4: Contenido en sulfatos
X5: Contenido en calcio
X6: Contenido en magnesio
X7: Contenido en sodio
X8: Contenido en potasio
X9: Contenido en fosfatos
El modelo del AF
X1: Conductividad Elctrica
X2: Contenido en bicarbonatos
X3: Contenido en cloruros
X4: Contenido en sulfatos
X5: Contenido en calcio
X6: Contenido en magnesio
X7: Contenido en sodio
X8: Contenido en potasio
X9: Contenido en fosfatos
p=9
la media de la variable Xj
Fik
lkj
cargas o saturaciones
factoriales (factor loadings).
Son los coeficientes que
determinan el peso que el factor
k-simo ejerce sobre la variable
j-sima en cada individuo
(humedal)
ij
la parte de la observacin de
la variable Xj que no puede ser
explicada por los factores
comunes.
Es la suma de un error de medida
ms un factor especfico
relacionado slo con dicha variable
Correlaciones elevadas:
Cloruros y CE: 0,9071
Calcio y Sulfatos: 0,7964
Sodio y CE: 0,8825
Sodio y Cloruros: 0,9175
etc.
Factores extrados: 3
Criterio: regla de Kaiser (factores con
autovalor mayor que 1
Comunalidad inicial: varianza de cada
variable, i2
Opciones de ventana
Factor
2
------------0.156338
0.577576
-0.318255
0.369531
0.350811
0.202773
-0.252719
0.687447
0.737559
Estimado
Variable
Comunalidad
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
hi2
Factor
3
------------0.397388
0.0635145
-0.460681
0.505264
0.449041
0.282438
-0.333932
-0.488171
-0.536547
Factor
4
-----------0.00632005
-0.776835
-0.113351
-0.0391528
0.306277
0.015866
-0.198687
0.455106
-0.0619238
hi2
i2 = hi2 + i2
i2
1= 2 + 2
i i
hi2
Factor
2
------------0.156338
0.577576
-0.318255
0.369531
0.350811
0.202773
-0.252719
0.687447
0.737559
Factor
3
------------0.397388
0.0635145
-0.460681
0.505264
0.449041
0.282438
-0.333932
-0.488171
-0.536547
Factor
4
-----------0.00632005
-0.776835
-0.113351
-0.0391528
0.306277
0.015866
-0.198687
0.455106
-0.0619238
la matriz completa
continuara hasta el factor 9
lkj
lkj / i
lkj2 / hi2
Factor
2
------------0.156338
0.577576
-0.318255
0.369531
0.350811
0.202773
-0.252719
0.687447
0.737559
Estimado
Variable
Comunalidad
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
hi2
Factor
3
------------0.397388
0.0635145
-0.460681
0.505264
0.449041
0.282438
-0.333932
-0.488171
-0.536547
Factor
4
-----------0.00632005
-0.776835
-0.113351
-0.0391528
0.306277
0.015866
-0.198687
0.455106
-0.0619238
lkj
Factor
2
------------0.156338
0.577576
-0.318255
0.369531
0.350811
0.202773
-0.252719
0.687447
0.737559
Factor
3
------------0.397388
0.0635145
-0.460681
0.505264
0.449041
0.282438
-0.333932
-0.488171
-0.536547
Estimado
Factor
4
-----------0.00632005
-0.776835
-0.113351
-0.0391528
0.306277
0.015866
-0.198687
0.455106
-0.0619238
lkj
Factor
2
------------0.156338
0.577576
-0.318255
0.369531
0.350811
0.202773
-0.252719
0.687447
0.737559
Opciones de ventana
Estimado
NO SE ALCANZA EL PRINCIPIO
DE ESTRUCTURA SIMPLE
Es necesario rotar los factores
Factor
3
------------0.397388
0.0635145
-0.460681
0.505264
0.449041
0.282438
-0.333932
-0.488171
-0.536547
Factor
4
-----------0.00632005
-0.776835
-0.113351
-0.0391528
0.306277
0.015866
-0.198687
0.455106
-0.0619238
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
hi2
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
lij
Datos tipificados:
i2 = 1
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022
Factor
2
-----------0.274881
0.0960644
0.0991993
0.927465
0.939055
0.845133
0.225299
0.118089
-0.148601
Estimated
Variable
Communality
--------------------------C.E.
0.935697
Bicarbonatos 0.941516
Cloruros
0.958853
Sulfatos
0.930063
Calcio
0.914849
Magnesio
0.920012
Sodio
0.951132
Potasio
0.921719
Fosfatos
0.863764
---------------------------
Factor
3
-----------0.0914508
0.109768
-0.0307706
-0.0590625
0.0837918
-0.0372902
-0.0886427
0.946578
0.834125
Factor
4
------------0.104756
0.955851
-0.0717102
0.200408
-0.116643
0.0666821
0.0360096
-0.107683
0.379022