India Year Book Consol

Chapter -1 LAND AND PEOPLE Latitude 84' to 376' N 3214 km Longitude- 687' to 9725' E 2933 km IST i 5 !
5 ! "ou# a"ead o$ %&T' (823)' E - &i#*a+u#, Sout"e#nmo t +oint- Indi#a -oint o# -.gma/ion +oint (Ni0o1a# I /and, Sout"e#n mo t +oint o$ main/and- 2a+e 2omo#in' 7t" /a#ge t 0ount#. in t"e 3o#/d'(4u ia5 2anada5 0"ina5 6S75 8#ai/5 7u t#a/ia,' 2nd 8igge t 2ount#. in o#de# o$ -o+u/ation'(2"ina5 India5 6S75 Indone ia5 8#ai/,' India - 1)t" Indu t#ia/ 0ount#. in t"e 3o#/d9 India i t"e 6t" nation to "a:e gone oute# +a0e' Indias Border 8ang/ade " (Land o$ 4i:e# and ;i t#i1uta#ie ,-4)96 2"ina- 3439 -aki tan (2ount#ie o$ 2ana/ ,-3325 Ne+a/-1751 &.anma#-1643 8"utan (t"e /and o$ t"unde# d#agon,-699 7$g"ani tan-1)6 Physical Features 1' No#t"e#n &ountain 17'9< 2' %#eat -/ain 17'1< 3' T"a# ;e e#t 5'4< 4' 2ent#a/ =ig"/and 1)'4< 5' -enin u/a# -/ateau 38'5< 6' 2oa ta/ -/ain 1)'4< 7' I /and )'3< T"e main/and 0om+#i e $ou# #egion 1' T"e %#eat &ountain >one5 2' -/ain o$ t"e %anga and t"e Indu 5 3' T"e ;e e#t 4egion and 4' T"e Sout"e#n -enin u/a T"e %#eat &ountain *one 2/a i$i0ation o$ =ima/a.a -un?u1 =ima/a.a 1et3een Indu and Sut/e?' @umaon =ima.a/a 1et3een Sut/e? and @a/i' Ne+a/ =ima/a.a 1et3een @a/i and Ti ta' 7 am =ima/a.a 1et3een Ti ta and ;i"ang' T"e =ima/a.a 0om+#i e t"#ee a/mo t +a#a//e/ #ange @a#ako#am5 Ladak and >a ka# inte# +e# ed 3it" /a#ge +/ateau and :a//e. 5 ome o$ 3"i0"5 /ike t"e @a "mi# and @u//u :a//e. 5 a#e $e#ti/e5 eAten i:e and o$ g#eat 0eni0 1eaut.' Some o$ t"e "ig"e t +eak in t"e 3o#/d a#e $ound in t"e e #ange ' -a e Be/e+ La and Nat"u La on t"e main Indo-Ti1et t#ade #oute t"#oug" t"e 2"um1i Ca//e.5 no#t"-ea t o$ ;a#?ee/ing and S"i+ki La +a in t"e Sat/u? :a//e.5 no#t"-ea t o$ @a/+a (@innau#,' In t"e ea t5 1et3een India and &.anma# and India and 8ang/ade "5 "i// #ange a#e mu0" /o3e#' %a#o5 @"a i5 Baintia and Naga =i// 5 #unning a/mo t Ea t-De t5 ?oin t"e 0"ain to &i*o and 4k"ine =i// #unning No#t"-Sout"' -/ain o$ t"e %anga and t"e Indu a#e $o#med 1. 1a in o$ t"#ee di tin0t #i:e# . tem - t"e Indu 5 t"e %anga and t"e 8#a"ma+ut#a - a1out 254)) km /ong and 24) to 32) km 1#oad' T"e. a#e one o$ t"e 3o#/dE g#eate t t#et0"e o$ $/at a//u:ium and a/ o one o$ t"e mo t den e/. +o+u/ated a#ea on t"e ea#t"'
The desert re ion T"e de e#t #egion 0an 1e di:ided into t3o +a#t - t"e g#eat de e#t and t"e /itt/e de e#t' T"e g#eat de e#t eAtend $#om t"e edge o$ t"e 4ann o$ @u0"0" 1e.ond t"e Luni 4i:e# no#t"3a#d' T"e 3"o/e o$ t"e 4a?a t"an-Sind $#ontie# #un t"#oug" t"i ' T"e /itt/e de e#t eAtend $#om t"e Luni 1et3een Bai a/me# and Bod"+u# u+ to t"e no#t"e#n 3a te ' The Peninsular Plateau T"e -enin u/a# -/ateau i ma#ked o$$ $#om t"e +/ain o$ t"e %anga and t"e Indu 1. a ma o$ mountain and "i// #ange :a#.ing $#om 46) to 1522) met#e in "eig"t' -#ominent among t"e e a#e t"e 7#a:a//i5 Cind".a5 Sat+u#a5 &aika/a and 7?anta' T"e -enin u/a i $/anked on t"e one ide 1. t"e Ea te#n %"at 3"e#e a:e#age e/e:ation i a1out 61) met#e and on t"e ot"e# 1. t"e De te#n %"at 3"e#e it i gene#a//. $#om 915 to 1522) met#e 5 #i ing in +/a0e to o:e# 2544) met#e ' 8et3een t"e De te#n %"at and t"e 7#a1ian Sea /ie a na##o3 0oa ta/ t#i+5 3"i/e 1et3een Ea te#n %"at and t"e 8a. o$ 8enga/5 t"e#e i a 1#oade# 0oa ta/ a#ea' T"e out"e#n +oint o$ +/ateau i $o#med 1. t"e Ni/gi#i =i// 3"e#e t"e Ea te#n and t"e De te#n %"at meet' T"e 2a#damom =i// /.ing 1e.ond ma. 1e #ega#ded a a 0ontinuation o$ t"e De te#n %"at ' &ountain -eak in t"e =ima/a.a 3it" =eig"t' 1' &t E:e#e t 8848- Ne+a/ 2' @2 (&t' %od3in 7u tin,-8611- India(-F@, 3' @an0"en?unga -8598- Ne+a/-India 4' L"ot e- 8511 5' Ga/ung @ang-85)2 6' &aka/u-8481-Ne+a/ 7' ;"au/agi#i- 8172- Ne+a/ ea te#n 0ontinuation o$ Nanga -a#1at' 8' &an a/u-8156-Ne+a/ 9' 2"o o.u- 8153 1)' Nanga -a#1at(diami#,-8126 e0ond "ig"e t +eak o$ =ima/a.an #ange in India' 11' 7nna+u#na-8)78-Ne+a/ 12' Nam0"a 8a#3a-7756-India -a e Be/e+ /a H Nat"u /a +a e - Sikkim-main t#ade #oute in Indo-Ti1et #egion t"#oug" 0"um1i :a//e. No#t" ea t o$ ;a#?ee/ing5 S"i+ki La in Sut/e? :a//e.5 No#t" ea t o$ @a/+a(kinnau#, "ig" a/titude +a e ' @a "mi# =ima/a.a - -i#+an?a/ and 8ani"a/ -un?a1 =ima/a.a - 8a#a La+0"a La5>o?i/a and 4o"tang -a 8u#*i/ H >o*i La @a "mi#' S"i+ki La5 8a#a La+0"a La =-' T"anga La5 Niti -a and Li+u Lek" in 6-' >one - 6 No#t"e#n -BH@5 =-5 -un?a15 2"andiga#"5 =a#.ana5 N2T o$ ;e/"i5 4a?a t"an-7 2ent#a/ - 6tt#ak"and5 6-5 2""ati ga#"5 &--4 Ea te#n - 8i"a#5 Sikkim5 D85 B"a#k"and5 F#i a5 7HN I /and -6 No#t" Ea t - 7#'-5 Naga/and5 &ani+u#5 &i*o#am5 T#i+u#a5 &eg"a/a.a5 7 am-7 De te#n - %u?a#at5 ;aman H ;iu5 ;ad#a H Naga# =a:e/i5 &a"a#a "t#a-4 Sout"e#n - 7-5 @a#nataka5 %oa5 Lak "ad3ee+5 @e#a/a5 TN5 -udu0"e##.-7 4i:e# -Iou# g#ou+ (=ima/a.an5 ;e00an5 2oa ta/ H In/and d#ainage, 1' =ima/a.an- $o#med 1. me/ting o$ no3 and g/a0ie# - 0ontinuou /. $/o3 t"#oug"out t"e .ea#' Indu 5 %anga5 8#a"ma+ut#a5 &eg"na'
T"e main =ima/a.an #i:e# . tem a#e t"o e o$ t"e Indu and t"e %anga-8#a"ma+ut#a-&eg"na . tem' T"e Indu #i e nea# &an a#o:a# in Ti1et and $/o3 t"#oug" India and t"e#ea$te# t"#oug" -aki tan and $ina//. $a// into t"e 7#a1ian Sea nea# @a#a0"i' Tota/ /engt" i 288) km5 in India 7)9 km' Im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie $/o3ing in Indian Te##ito#. a#e t"e Sut/e? (o#iginating in Ti1et,5 t"e 8ea 5 t"e 4a:i5 t"e 2"ena1 and t"e B"e/um' Im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie 8. /engt"- 2"ena15 Sut/e?5 4a:i5 8ea 5 B"e/um No#t" to out" - B"e/um5 2"ena15 4a:i5 8ea 5 Sut/e? B"e/um- im+ #i:e# o$ @a "mi# and t"e main 3ate#3a.- #i e in Ce#inag at t"e $oot"i// o$ -i# -an?a/' 2"ena1 - La#ge t o$ a// Indu t#i1uta#ie -#i e in ku//u "i// o$ =4a:i - #i e in ku//u "i// o$ =-' 8ea - @u//u =i// nea# 4o"tang -a in =-'It ?oin Sut/e? nea# =a#ike' Sat/u? - e0ond /a#ge t t#i1uta#. o$ Indu - 4aka /ake in Ti1et' It ente# into India t"#oug" S"i+ki La and $/o3 t"#oug" =- and -un?a1 1e$o#e ente#ing -aki tan' %anga i $o#med 1. t3o t#eam 7/aknanda and 8"agi#at"i 3"i0" ?oin at ;e:+#a.ag' It 4i e in %angot#i g/a0ie# o$ t"e %#eat =ima/a.a and it i t"e /a#ge t #i:e# 1a in in India 3"i0" 0o:e# mo#e t"an $o#t" o$ t"e 0ount#ie u#$a0e' (&aA in 6-, It i 0a//ed a -adma in 8ang/ade "' Gamuna5 4amganga5 %"ag"#a5 %andak5 @o i5 &a"ananda and Sone a#e t"e im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie o$ t"e %anga' Gamuna i t"e /a#ge t t#i1uta#. o$ %anga' It #i e in Gamunot#i %/a0ie# and ?oin %anga at -#a.ag (7//a"a1ad,' 2"am1a/ and 8et3a a#e t"e im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie o$ Gamuna' T"e 8#a"ma+ut#a #i e in Ti1et5 3"e#e it i kno3n a T ang+o 3"i0" mean +u#i$ie# and #un a /ong di tan0e ti// it 0#o e o:e# into India in 7#una0"a/ -#ade " unde# t"e name o$ ;i"ang' Nea# -a ig"at5 t"e ;e1ang and Lo"it ?oin t"e #i:e# 8#a"ma+ut#a and t"e 0om1ined #i:e# #un a// a/ong t"e 7 am in a na##o3 :a//e.' It 0#o e into 8ang/ade " do3n t#eam o$ ;"u1#i' It $o#m /a#ge t de/ta o$ t"e 3o#/d a/ong 3it" %anga' T"e %anga and t"e 8#a"ma+ut#a ?oin at 8ang/ade " and 0ontinue to $/o3 a t"e -adma' T"e +#in0i+a/ t#i1uta#ie o$ 8#a"ma+ut#a in India a#e t"e Su1an i#i5 Bia 8"a#e/i5 ;"an i#i5 -ut"ima#i5 -ag/adi.a and t"e &ana ' T"e 8#a"ma+ut#a in 8ang/ade " $ed 1. Ti ta5 et0'5 $ina//. $a// into %anga' T"e "ead t#eam o$ &eg"na i t"e 8a#ak 4i:e# and it #i e in t"e "i// in &ani+u#' T"e im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie o$ t"e #i:e# a#e &akku5 T#ang5 Tui:ai5 Bi#i5 Sonai5 4ukni5 @atak"a/5 ;"a/e 3a#i5 Langa0"ini5 &adu:a and Batinga' 8a#ak 0ontinue in 8ang/ade " ti// t"e 0om1ined %angaJ8#a"ma+ut#a ?oin it nea# 8"ai#a1 8a*a#' 2' ;e00an 4i:e# a#e #ain $ed and $/u0tuate in :o/ume' &an. a#e non-+e#ennia/' &o t o$ t"e #i:e# $/o3 ea t3a#d and $a// into 8a. o$ 8enga/' %oda:a#i5 @#i "na5 2au:e#.5 &a"anadi et0 a#e ma?o# ea t $/o3ing #i:e# ' Na#mada5 Ta+i o# Ta+ti a#e 3e t $/o3ing #i:e# d#aining in 7#a1ian Sea' T"e %oda:a#i i t"e /onge t #i:e# o$ +enin u/a# India' It #i e in T#im1ak -/ateau o$ no#t" Sa".ad#i nea# Na ik and %oda:a#i in t"e out"e#n -enin u/a "a t"e e0ond /a#ge t #i:e# 1a in 0o:e#ing 1) +e# 0ent o$ t"e a#ea o$ India and &a"anadi "a t"e t"i#d /a#ge t 1a in' -enganga5 Da#d"a5 Dainganga5 Ind#a:ati5 Sa1#i a#e t"e im+o#tant t#i1uta#ie o$ %oda:a#i' @#i "na i t"e e0ond /a#ge t ea t $/o3ing +enin u/a# #i:e# and it #i e in no#t" o$ &a"a1a/e "3a# in De te#n %"at ' 2au:e#. #i e in 8#a"mgi#i #ange o$ De te#n %"at (2oo#g =i// in @a#nataka,' T"e 1a in o$ Na#mada and 2au:e#. a#e a1out t"e ame i*e' &a"anadi - #i e in no#t"e#n $oot"i// o$ ;andaka#an.a nea# S"ia3a in 4ai+u# ;i t' Na#mada i t"e /a#ge t 3e t $/o3ing +enin u/a# #i:e#' It #i e in 7ma#kantak in &- and I/o3 t"#oug" #i$t :a//e. 1et3een Cind".a and Sat+u#a #ange' It $o#m Do#/dE $amou ;"uan ;"a# o# 2/oud o$ &i t Ia// nea# Ba1a/+u#' Ta+i o# Ta+ti #i e nea# &u/tai on t"e Sat+u#a #ange in 8etu/ di t &-' It i a/ o kno3n a t"e t3in o# "andmaid o$ t"e Na#mada'
3' 2oa ta/ St#eam in 3e t 0oa t a#e "o#t in /engt" and "a:e /imited 0at0"ment a#ea ' &o t o$ t"em a#e non-+e#ennia/' T"e#e a#e nume#ou 0oa ta/ #i:e# 5 3"i0" a#e 0om+a#ati:e/. ma//' D"i/e on/. "and$u/ o$ u0" #i:e# d#ain into t"e ea nea# t"e de/ta o$ ea t 0oa t5 t"e#e a#e a man. a 6)) u0" #i:e# on t"e 3e t 0oa t' 4' 4i:e# o$ in/and d#ainage - T"e t#eam o$ in/and d#ainage 1a in o$ 3e te#n 4a?a t"an a#e $e3 and $a# a+a#t' &o t o$ t"em a#e o$ an e+"eme#a/ 0"a#a0te#' 7 $e3 #i:e# in 4a?a t"an do not d#ain into t"e ea' T"e. d#ain into a/t /ake and get /o t in and 3it" no out/et to ea' 8e ide t"e e5 t"e#e a#e t"e ;e e#t 4i:e# 3"i0" $/o3 $o# ome di tan0e and a#e /o t in t"e de e#t' T"e e a#e Luni5 &a0""u5 4u+en5 Sa#a 3ati5 8ana 5 %"agga# and ot"e# ' I /and ;iu -Ii "ing5 2ontinuou 1ea0" t#u0tu#e' 2onne0ted 1. 2 1#idge ' Sa/ ette - g#ou+ o$ 7 i /and in &um1ai' Lak "ad3ee+ -2o#a/ I /and ' F$ 36 i /and on/. 11 a#e in"a1ited' (La00adi:e5&ini0o.57mindi:e, &ini0o. I /and i t"e /a#ge t I /and o$ /ak "ad3ee+5 it /ie in t"e out" o$ nine deg#ee 0"anne/' 7minidi:e - No#t" o$ 11t" +a#a//e/ o$ Lak "ad3ee+' @a:a#ati - 0a+ita/ o$ Lak "ad3ee+ - ite o$ de a/ination and FTE2 (F0ean T"e#ma/ Ene#g. 2on:e# ion, +/ant' S#i"a#ikota- S+it I /and- t"e /ake i e+a#ated $#om 8a. o$ 8enga/ 1. a +it' Ne3 &oo#e - ;e/tai0 I /and and di +uted ite 1et3een India and 8ang/ade "' 8a##en I /and - Fn/. a0ti:e :o/0ano in India in 7ndaman and Ni0o1a# g#ou+ o$ I /and ' Na#0ondum- 6n u1me#ged i /and o$ 7ndaman' State dominated 1. #e/igiou g#ou+ =indu- =ima0"a/ -#ade " &u /im- Lak "ad3ee+ 2"#i tian- Naga/and Sik"- -un?a1 8udd"i t- Sikkim Bain-&a"a#a "t#a Ii:e 0ommunitie -&u /im 5 2"#i tian 5 Sik" 5 8udd"i t 5 and -a# i a#e noti$ied 1. t"e go:e#nment a mino#it. 0ommunitie ' 2en u K Ea#/ie t #e$e#en0e o$ 0en u in India &au#.an -e#iod in @auti/.aE a#t"a "a t#a' Ii# t 2en u 3a "e/d in 1872 done 1. D 2 -/o3den' Ii# t .n0"#onou 0en u in India 3a 0ondu0ted in 1881' Ii# t 0en u o$ Inde+endent India 1951' 2)11 0en u - 15t" in0e 18729 7t" in0e inde+enden0e' -o+u/ation- 121) mi//ion (15215)15935422,-623'7 mi//ion ma/e and 586'4 mi//ion $ema/e' =ig" 6-5 Lo3 Sikkim' ;e0ada/ g#o3t"- 17'64<9 ma/e 17'19<5 $ema/e 18'12< Naga/and- /o3e t (-)'47<,5@e#a/a(4'86<, ;ad#a H Naga# =a:e/i =ig"e t (55'5)<,5;aman H ;iu (53'54<,5&eg"a/a.a =ig"e t(27'82<, -o+u/ation ;en it. 2))1-2)11-382(17'5<,9 1991-2))1-325(21'7<, To+-8i"a#5D85@e#a/a56-9 /o3- &io#am5Sikkim SeA 4atio($ema/e +e# 1))) ma/e ,-94)' 4u#a/-9475 6#1an- 926' =ig" ke#a/a-1)845+udu0"e##.-1)385TN995' 2"i/d eA #atio (age )-6, 914' Lite#a0.-+e# on aged 7 and a1o:e 3"o 0an 1ot" #ead and 3#ite 3it" unde# tanding in an. /anguage i t#eated a /ite#ate' 74')4<' &a/e- 82'14< and $ema/e 65'46< =ig"- ke#a/a 93'91<5Lak "ad3ee+- 92'28<5mi*o#am- 91'58< 9 Lo3- 8i"a# 63'82<5 7#'-- 66'95<5 4a?a t"an- 67')6< Lite#ate ma/e "ig"- Lak "ad3ee+- 96'11<5ke#a/a-96')2<5 &i*o#am-93'72< Lo3- 8i"a#- 73'39<5 7#'--73'69<5 7--75'56< Lite#ate $ema/e "ig"-ke#a/a-91'98<5 &i*o#am-89'4)<5 Lak "ad3ee+- 88'25<
Lo3- 4a?a t"an-52'665 8i"a#- 53'33<5 B"a#k"and - 56'21< 1) &i//ion +/u 0itie 1' %#eate# &um1ai5 2' ;e/"i5 3' @o/kata5 4' 2"ennai5 5' 8enga/u#u Language 6 ed mo t/. in India 1' =indi5 2' 8enga/i5 3' Te/ugu5 4' &a#at"i5 5' Tami/ IndiaE +o+u/ation g#o3t" du#ing t"e 2)t" 0entu#. 0an 1e 0/a 19)1-1921 Stagnant -o+u/ation 1921-1951 Stead. g#o3t" 1951-1981 4a+id =ig" %#o3t" 1981-2))1 =ig" g#o3t" 3it" de$inite ign o$ /o3do3n i$ied into 4 di tin0t +"a e
2/imate T#o+i0a/ mon oon 0/imate 4 ea on 1' Dinte# (Ban-Ie1, 2' Summe# (&a#0"-&a., 3' 4ain. out" 3e t mon oon (Bune-Se+t,-1/o3 $#om ea to /and and 1#ing mo t o$ #ain$a//' 4' No#t" ea t mon oon o# +o t mon oon in out"e#n +enin u/a o# 3inte# mon oon (F0t-;e0,' I/o#a (-/ant , 1)t" in t"e 3o#/d and 4t" in 7 ia in +/ant di:e# it.' India 0an 1e di:ided into 8 di tin0t $/o#i ti0 #egion De te#n =ima/a.a - @a "mi# to @umaon' Teme#ate *one - 2"i#5+ine5 deoda#5 +#u0e9 7/+ine *one- i/:e# $i#5 i/:e# 1i#0"5 ?uni+e# ' %ene#a//. 0oni$e#ou and 1#oad /ea:ed t#ee ' Ea te#n =ima/a.a -$#om Sikkim and eAtend ;a#?ee/ing5 @u# eong' Fak 5 /au#e/ 5 ma+/e 5 #"ododend#on 5 a/de# and 1i#0"' 7 am- 0om+#i e t"e 8#a"ama+ut#a and t"e Su#ma :a//e. ' E:e#g#een $o#e t51am1oo and ta// g#a e ' Indu +/ain- 0om+#i e t"e +/ain o$ -un?a15 3e te#n 4a?a t"an and no#t"e#n %u?a#at' It i d#.5 "ot and u++o#t natu#a/ :egetation' %anga +/ain- 0o:e# t"e a#ea 3"i0" i a//u:ia/ +/ain and i unde# 0u/ti:ation $o# 3"eat5 uga#0ane and #i0e' ;e00an- 0om+#i e t"e enti#e ta1/e /and o$ t"e Indian -enin u/a &a/a1a#- 0o:e# t"e eA0e i:e/. "umid 1e/t o$ mountain 0ount#. +a#a//e/ to t"e 3e t 0oa t o$ t"e -enin u/a' 0omme#0ia/ 0#o+ 5 u0" a 0o0onut5 1ete/nut5 +e++e#5 0o$$ee5 tea5 #u11e# and 0a "e3nut 7ndaman- a1ound in e:e#g#een5 mang#o:e5 1ea0" and di/u:ia/ $o#e t ' T"e $/o#a o$ t"e 0ount#. i 1eing tudied 1. 8SI in @o/kata' 8SI +u1/i "e Red Data Book - endange#ed +/ant Iauna (7nima/ , T"e $auna #e ou#0e i 1eing tudied 1. >SI =L @o/kata' -#oti ta5 &o//u 0a5 7nt"#o+oda5 7m+"i1ia5 &amma/ia5 4e+ti/ia5 -#oto0"o#data5 -i 0e 5 7:e and ot"e# in:e#te1#ate -#o?e0t 0#o0odi/e - 1974' Chapter !- National "y#$ols =o#i*onta/ t#i0o/o# to+- dee+ a$$#on (ke a#ia,5 midd/e-3"ite5 0ent#e-na:.-1/ue5 1ottom-g#een5 in eMua/ +#o+o#tion'4atio o$ 3idt" o$ t"e $/ag to it /engt" i t3o to t"#ee'T"e de ign o$ t"e Nationa/ I/ag 3a ado+ted 1. t"e 2on tituent 7 em1/. o$ India on 22 nd Bu/. 1947' ;i +/a. o$ t"e Nationa/ I/ag i go:e#ned 1. t"e +#o:i ion o$ t"e Em1/em and Name (-#e:ention o$ Im+#o+e# 6 e, 70t5 195) (No' 12 o$ 195), and t"e -#e:ention o$ In u/t to Nationa/ =onou# 70t5 1971 (No' 69 o$ 1971,'
T"e I/ag 2ode o$ India5 2))25 "a taken e$$e0t $#om 26 Banua#. 2))2 and u+e#0ede t"e NI/ag 2odeJa it eAi ted' 7 +e# t"e +#o:i ion o$ t"e I/ag 2ode o$ India5 2))25 t"e#e "a// 1e no #e t#i0tion on t"e di +/a. o$ t"e Nationa/ I/ag 1. mem1e# o$ gene#a/ +u1/i05 +#i:ate o#gani ation 5 edu0ationa/ in titution 5 et0'5 eA0e+t to t"e eAtent +#o:ided in t"e Em1/em and Name (-#e:ention o$ Im+#o+e# 6 e, 70t5 195) and t"e -#e:ention o$ In u/t to Nationa/ =onou# 70t5 1971 and an. ot"e# /a3 ena0ted on t"e u1?e0t' State Em1/em T"e tate em1/em i an ada+tation $#om t"e Sa#nat" Lion 2a+ita/ o$ 7 "oka' In t"e o#igina/5 $ou# /ion 5 tanding 1a0k to 1a0k5 mounted on an a1a0u 3it" a $#ie*e 0a##.ing 0u/+tu#e in "ig" #e/ie$ o$ an e/e+"ant5 a ga//o+ing "o# e5 a 1u// and a /ion e+a#ated 1. inte#:ening 3"ee/ o:e# a 1e//- "a+ed /otu ' 2a#:ed out o$ a ing/e 1/o0k o$ +o/i "ed and tone5 t"e 2a+ita/ i 0#o3ned 1. t"e D"ee/ o$ t"e La3 (Dharma Chakra)' In t"e tate em1/em5 ado+ted 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India on 26 Banua#. 195)5 on/. t"#ee /ion a#e :i i1/e5 t"e $ou#t" 1eing "idden $#om :ie3' T"e 3"ee/ a++ea# in #e/ie$ in t"e 0ent#e o$ t"e a1a0u 3it" a 1u// on #ig"t and a "o# e on /e$t and t"e out/ine o$ ot"e# 3"ee/ on eAt#eme #ig"t and /e$t' T"e 1e//- "a+ed /otu "a 1een omitted' T"e 3o#d Satyameva Jayate $#om Mundaka Upanishad5 meaning 'T#ut" 7/one T#ium+" '5 a#e in 0#i1ed 1e/o3 t"e a1a0u in Devanagari 0#i+t' T"e u e o$ t"e tate em1/em o$ India5 a t"e o$$i0ia/ ea/ o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India5 i #egu/ated 1. t"e tate o$ India (-#o"i1ition o$ Im+#o+e# 6 e, 70t5 2))5' Nationa/ 7nt"em =indi :e# ion o$ Song Jana-gana-mana- 0om+o ed 1. 4a1ind#anat" Tago#e o#igina//. in 8enga/i- ado+ted 1. 0on tituent a em1/. on 24t" Ban 195)' It 3a $i# t ung on 27t" ;e0 1911 at 2a/0utta e ion o$ Indian Nationa/ 2ong#e ' -#e* o$ IN2 3a ;"a#' 2om+/ete ong 0on i t o$ $i:e tan*a and t"e $i# t tan*a 0on i t o$ $u// :e# ion o$ t"e Nationa/ 7nt"em'-/a.ing time o$ t"e $u// :e# ion o$ nationa/ ant"em i a++#oA 52 e0'7 "o#t :e# ion 0on i ting o$ t"e $i# t and /a t /ine o$ t"e tan*a (+/a.ing time a++#oAimate/. 2) e0ond , Nationa/ Song T"e ong Vande Mataram, 0om+o ed in an k#it 1. 8ankim0"and#a 2"atte#?i' Taken $#om 7nand mat"' T"e Eng/i " t#an /ation S#i 7u#o1indo' It "a an eMua/ tatu 3it" Jana-gana-mana' T"e $i# t +o/iti0a/ o00a ion 3"en it 3a ung 3a t"e 1896 e ion o$ t"e Indian Nationa/ 2ong#e ' -#e* o$ IN2 3a Sa.ani' Nationa/ 2a/enda# T"e nationa/ 0a/enda# 1a ed on t"e Saka ra (kanishka) , 3it" Chaitra a it $i# t mont" and a no#ma/ .ea# o$ 365 da. 3a ado+ted $#om 22 &a#0" 1957 a/ong 3it" t"e %#ego#ian 0a/enda# $o# t"e $o//o3ing o$$i0ia/ +u#+o e K (i, %a*ette o$ India5 (ii, ne3 1#oad0a t 1. 7// India 4adio5 (iii, 0a/enda# i ued 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India and (i:, %o:e#nment 0ommuni0ation add#e ed to t"e mem1e# o$ t"e +u1/i0' ;ate o$ t"e nationa/ 0a/enda# "a:e a +e#manent 0o##e +onden0e 3it" date o$ t"e %#ego#ian 0a/enda#5 1 Chaitra $a//ing on 22 &a#0" no#ma//. and on 21 &a#0" in /ea+ .ea#' Nationa/ 7nima/ T"e magni$i0ent tige#5 !anthera tigris" Fut o$ eig"t #a0e o$ t"e +e0ie kno3n5 t"e Indian #a0e5 t"e 4o.a/ 8enga/ Tige#5 i $ound t"#oug"out t"e 0ount#. eA0e+t in t"e no#t"-3e te#n #egion and a/ o in t"e neig"1o#ing 0ount#ie 5 Ne+a/5 8"utan and 8ang/ade "' Nationa/ 8i#d- T"e Indian +ea0o0k5 !avo #ristatus" Nationa/ I/o3e#- Lotu ($e%um&o $u#ipera 'aertn) Nationa/ T#ee-T"e 8an.an T#ee ((i#us &engha%ensis) Nationa/ I#uit- &ango (Manigi)era indi#a)" &ango i a #i0" ou#0e o$ Citamin 75 2 and ;' In India5 3e "a:e "und#ed o$ :a#ietie o$ mangoe '
%ene#a/ -Iie/d =o0ke. i t"e o$$i0ia/ nationa/ +o#t' =o0ke. India5 $o#med on 2) &a. 2))9 i t"e ne3 a+eA 1od. o$ t"e 0ount#.' %o/den +e#iod o$ Indian =o0ke. - 1928-56 - 3on 6 u00e i:e F/.m+i0 go/d meda/ ' -7#ti0/e 343 (1, o$ t"e 2on titution +#o:ide t"at =indi in ;e:anaga#i 0#i+t "a// 1e t"e F$$i0ia/ Language o$ t"e 6nion' -%anga "a 1een de0/a#ed a t"e Nationa/ 4i:e# on No: 45 2))8' T"e#e a#e 2 dam on t"e #i:e# one at =a#id3a# and ot"e# at Ia#akka' T"e %ange #i:e# do/+"in i an endange#ed anima/ and /o0a//. 0a//ed a u u 1e0au e o$ t"e noi e it make 3"i/e 1#eat"ing' -4i:e# do/+"in a#e in"a1itant o$ t"e gange 5 meg"na and 8#a"ma+ut#a #i:e# in India5 Ne+a/58"utan and ka#na+"u/i #i:e# in 8ang/ade "' -%FI "a de0/a#ed t"e E/e+"ant a IndiaE Nationa/ =e#itage anima/ on 23 F0t 2)1)' -2u##en0. .m1o/- t"e Indian #u+ee ign i an a//ego#. o$ Indian et"o ' T"e .m1o/ i an ama/gam o$ ;e:anagi#i O4aP and t"e 4oman 2a+ita/ O4P5 3it" OeMua/ toP ign' ;e igned 1. 6da.a @uma# and 3a ado+ted on 15t" Bu/. 2)1)' Chapter % & The Polity 2on titution5 3"i0" 3a ado+ted 1. 2on tituent 7 26 Banua#. 195)' em1/. on 26 No:em1e# 1949 and 0ame into $o#0e on
T"e -#e ident o$ India i t"e 0on titutiona/ "ead o$ eAe0uti:e o$ t"e 6nion' 7#ti0/e 74(1, o$ t"e 2on titution +#o:ide t"at t"e#e "a// 1e a 2oun0i/ o$ &ini te# 3it" t"e -#ime &ini te# a it "ead to aid and ad:i e t"e -#e ident 3"o "a// in eAe#0i e o$ "i $un0tion 5 a0t in a00o#dan0e 3it" u0" ad:i0e' T"e 2oun0i/ o$ &ini te# i 0o//e0ti:e/. #e +on i1/e to t"e =ou e o$ t"e -eo+/e (Lok Sa1"a,' In tate 5 t"e %o:e#no# i t"e "ead o$ eAe0uti:e 6nion and it te##ito#.--a#t I 2iti*en "i+--a#t II Sing/e 0iti*en "i+ T"e 2iti*en "i+ 70t5 19555 dea/ 3it" matte# #e/ating to a0Mui ition5 dete#mination and te#mination o$ Indian 0iti*en "i+ a$te# t"e 0ommen0ement o$ t"e 2on titution' I4--a#t III-7#t 12 to 35 ;-S-- -a#t IC- 7#t 36-51 I;--a#t IC 7 7#t 517 T"e 6nion -a#t C EAe0uti:e-T"e 6nion eAe0uti:e 0on i t o$ t"e -#e ident5 t"e Ci0e--#e ident and t"e 2oun0i/ o$ &ini te# 3it" t"e -#ime &ini te# a t"e "ead to aid and ad:i0e t"e -#e ident' Legi /atu#e- -a#/iament-0on i t o$ -#e ident5 2oun0i/ o$ State and =ou e o$ -eo+/e GF6T= -74LI7&ENT 2F&-ETITIFN In o#de# to de:e/o+ demo0#ati0 et"o in t"e .ounge# gene#ation t"e &ini t#. 0ondu0t Gout" -a#/iament 2om+etition in :a#iou 0atego#ie o$ 0"oo/ and 0o//ege Q uni:e# itie ' T"e Gout" -a#/iament S0"eme 3a $i# t int#odu0ed in t"e S0"oo/ in ;e/"i in 1966-67' @end#i.a Cid.a/a.a /o0ated in and a#ound ;e/"i 3e#e in0o#+o#ated into t"e ongoing S0"eme $o# ;e/"i S0"oo/ in 1978' Su1 eMuent/.5 a e+a#ate 0"eme o$ Gout" -a#/iament $o# @end#i.a Cid.a/a.a at t"e Nationa/ Le:e/ 3a /aun0"ed in 1988' Simi/a#/.5 in 1997-985 t3o ne3 Gout" -a#/iament S0"eme at t"e nationa/ /e:e/5 one $o# Ba3a"a# Na:oda.a Cid.a/a.a and t"e ot"e# $o# 6ni:e# itie Q2o//ege 3e#e /aun0"ed' N7TIFN7L 76T=F4ITG5 2=E&I27L DE7-FNS 2FNCENTIFN Nationa/ 7ut"o#it.5 2"emi0a/ Dea+on 2on:ention (N72D2, 3a 0on tituted 1. a %o:e#nment o$ India #e o/ution dated 5t" &a. 1998 to $u/$i/ t"e o1/igation enun0iated in t"e 2"emi0a/ Dea+on 2on:ention5 3"i0" 3a initia//. igned 1. 13) 0ount#ie in a 0on$e#en0e 3"i0" 0on0/uded on 14t" Banua#.5 1993 $o# t"e +u#+o e o$ +#o"i1iting t"e de:e/o+ment5 +#odu0tion5 eAe0ution5 t#an $e#5 u e and to0k+i/ing o$ a// 0"emi0a/ 3ea+on 1. &em1e#-State in a nondi 0#iminato#. manne#' T"e num1e# o$ 0ount#ie 3"o "a:e
igned t"e 2on:ention no3 i 188' To $u/$i/ it o1/igation 5 ea0" State -a#t. "a to de ignate o# e ta1/i " a Nationa/ 7ut"o#it. to e#:e a t"e nationa/ $o0a/ +oint $o# e$$e0ti:e im+/ementation o$ t"e 2"emi0a/ Dea+on 2on:ention' =en0e t"e N72D2 unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e 2a1inet Se0#eta#iat 3a et u+' 7// india e#:i0e -7#ti0/e 312 - I7S5 I-S5 (IBS-.et to 1e 0#eated 1ut mentioned, IIS- 0#eated in 1966- not unde# 312' 7%4I26LT64E 2"a+te# 4 &ini t#. o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e (*rishi Mantra%aya) (i, ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2o-o+e#ation (*rishi aur Sahkarita Vi&hag) (ii, ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#a/ 4e ea#0" and Edu0ation (*rishi +nusandhan aur Shiksha Vi&hag) (iii, ;e+a#tment o$ 7nima/ =u 1and#. and ;ai#.ing (!ashupa%an aur Dairy Vi&hag) 7%4I26LT64E i t"e main ta. o$ t"e Indian e0onom.' 7g#i0u/tu#e and a//ied e0to# 0ont#i1ute nea#/. 15'7 < o$ %#o ;ome ti0 -#odu0t (%;-,5 3"i/e a1out 59'7) +e# 0ent o$ t"e +o+u/ation i de+endent on ag#i0u/tu#e $o# t"ei# /i:e/i"ood' T"e ag#i0u/tu#a/ out+ut de+end on mon oon a nea#/. 56 +e# 0ent o$ a#ea o3n i de+endent on #ain$a//' 7g#i0u/tu#e i a tate u1?e0t' -#ima#. #o/e $o# in0#ea ing +#odu0ti:it. and +#odu0tion o$ $ood g#ain i t"at o$ State %o:t 'T"e tota/ a#ea 0o:e#age unde# $ood g#ain in 2))9-1) "a #edu0ed 0om+a#ed to 2))8-)9' T"e a#ea unde# #i0e "ad /o3e#ed 1. 37))) "a in )9-1) 0om+a#ed to )8-)9 1ut 3"eat "ad in0#ea ed 1. 7'69 /ak" "a in )9-1)' 2oa# e 0e#ea/ a/ o in0#ea ed 1. 1'94 /ak" "a' 4a "t#i.a @#i "i Cika Go?ana (4@CG, - on N;2 #e o/ution F1?e0ti:e i to in0enti:i*e t"e tate to in0#ea e +u1/i0 in:e tment to a0"ie:e 4< g#o3t" #ate in ag#i0u/tu#e and ot"e# a//ied e0to# du#ing 11t" $i:e .ea# +/an' 4@CG i a State -/an S0"eme o$ 7dditiona/ 2ent#a/ 7 i tan0e (727, $o# ag#i0u/tu#e and a//ied e0to# ' 727 3ou/d 1e a:ai/a1/e to t"e tate a 1))<' 4@CG #eMui#e t"e State to +#e+a#e ;i t and State ag#i0u/tu#a/ +/an and at /ea t maintain o# in0#ea e t"e +e#0entage "a#e o$ eA+enditu#e in ag#i0u/tu#e and a//ied e0to# in tate +/an' Ea0" tate 3i// 1e0ome e/igi1/e to #e0ei:e 4@CG a//o0ation +#o:ided -t"e 1a e /ine "a#e o$ ag#i0u/tu#e i at /ea t maintained and - ;i t ag#i0u/tu#a/ +/an and State ag#i0u/tu#a/ +/an "a:e 1een $o#mu/ated State /e:e/ San0tioning 2ommittee i "eaded 1. t"e 2"ie$ Se0#eta#. a++#o:e t"e +#o?e0t unde# 4@CG T"e di t#i1ution o$ $und i in t3o t#eam 1-at /ea t 75< o$ 4@CG $und a#e made a:ai/a1/e $o# +e0i$i0 +#o?e0t a +a#t o$ t"e tate and di t +/an 2 u+ to 25< $o# t#engt"ening eAi ting State Se0to# S0"eme and $i//ing t"e ga+ in #e ou#0e ' Iund a#e di t#i1uted t"#oug" State ag#i0u/tu#a/ de+t 3"i0" i t"e noda/ de+t $o# im+/ementation o$ 4@CG' 70ti:itie (on/. indi0ati:e in natu#e, $o# in:e tment (a, Integ#ated ;e:e/o+ment o$ Iood 2#o+ 9 in0/uding 0oa# e 0e#ea/ 5 mino# mi//et and +u/ e 9 (1, 7g#i0u/tu#e &e0"ani*ation9 (0, Soi/ =ea/t" and -#odu0ti:it.9 (d, ;e:e/o+ment o$ 4ain $ed Ia#ming S. tem 9 (e, Integ#ated -e t &anagement9 ($, &a#ket in$#a t#u0tu#e9 (g, =o#ti0u/tu#e9 7nima/ =u 1and#.9 ;ai#.ing and Ii "e#ie 9 (", 2on0e+t to 2om+/etion -#o?e0t t"at "a:e de$inite time/ine 9 (i, Su++o#t to In titution t"at +#omote 7g#i0u/tu#e and =o#ti0u/tu#e9 (m, F#gani0 and 8io-$e#ti/i*e# 9 and Inno:ati:e S0"eme ' T3o ne3 u1- 0"eme $o# EAtending %#een 4e:o/ution to Ea te#n India 3it" +e0i$i0 #e ou#0e a//o0ation o$ 4 4))')) 0#o#e and S+e0ia/ Initiati:e $o# Fi/ eed and -u/ e in ;#. /and a#ea 3it" an a//o0ation o$ 4 3)) 0#o#e "a:e 1een taken u+ a +a#t o$ 4@CG du#ing 2)1)-11' &a0#o &anagement o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e (&&7, - 2ent#a//. +on o#ed 0"eme'
F1?e0ti:e i to en u#e t"at t"e 0ent#a/ a i tan0e i +ent on $o0u ed and +e0i$i0 inte#:ention $o# de:e/o+ment o$ ag#i0u/tu#e in a#ea o$ +#io#it. o$ di$$e#ent tate ' T"e 0"eme "a 1een #e:i ed to im+#o:e it e$$i0ien0. in u++/ementing Q 0om+/ementing t"e e$$o#t o$ t"e tate to3a#d t"e en"an0ement o$ ag#i0u/tu#a/ +#odu0tion and +#odu0ti:it.' 4o/e o$ t"e 0"eme "a 1een #ede$ined in o#de# to a:oid o:e#/a++ing and du+/i0ation o$ e$$o#t and to make it mo#e #e/e:ant to t"e +#e ent ag#i0u/tu#a/ 0ena#io in t"e State to a0"ie:e t"e 1a i0 o1?e0ti:e o$ $ood e0u#it. and to im+#o:e t"e /i:e/i"ood . tem $o# #u#a/ ma e ' T"e #e:i ed 0"eme "a 11 u1 0"eme #e/ating to 0#o+ +#odu0tion and natu#a/ #e ou#0e management Ieatu#e o$ #e:i ed &&7 0"eme (i, T"e -#a0ti0e o$ a//o0ating $und to State Q6T on "i to#i0a/ 1a i "a 1een #e+/a0ed 1. a ne3 a//o0ation 0#ite#ia 1a ed on g#o 0#o++ed a#ea and a#ea unde# ma// and ma#gina/ "o/ding ' 7 i tan0e i +#o:ided to t"e State Q6T a 1))< 0ent g#ant' (ii, Su1 id. t#u0tu#e "a 1een #etiona/i*ed to make t"e +atte#n o$ u1 id. uni$o#m unde# a// t"e 0"eme im+/emented 1. t"e ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2oo+e#ation (;72,' 4e:i ed u1 id. no#m indi0ate maAimum +e#mi i1/e /imit o$ a i tan0e' State ma. eit"e# #etain t"e eAi ting no#m 5 o# in0#ea e t"em to a #ea ona1/e /e:e/ +#o:ided t"at t"e no#m do not eA0eed t"e #e:i ed u++e# /imit +e0i$ied' (iii, T3o ne3 0om+onent "a:e 1een added name/.' (a, -u/ e and oi/ eed 0#o+ +#odu0tion +#og#amme $o# t"e a#ea not 0o:e#ed unde# t"e Integ#ated S0"eme o$ Fi/ eed -u/ e 5 Fi/ -a/m and &ai*e (ISF-F&, and (1, O4e0/amation o$ 70idi0 Soi/P a/ong 3it" t"e eAi ting 0om+onent o$ O4e0/amation o$ 7/ka/i Soi/'R (i:, -e#mi i1/e 0ei/ing $o# ne3 initiati:e "a 1een in0#ea ed $#om eAi ting 1) +e# 0ent to 2) +e# 0ent o$ t"e a//o0ation' (:, 7t /ea t 33 +e# 0ent o$ t"e $und "a:e to 1e ea#ma#ked $o# ma//5 ma#gina/ and 3omen $a#me# ' (:i, 70ti:e +a#ti0i+ation o$ t"e -an0"a.ati 4a? In titution (-4I , o$ a// tie# 3ou/d "a:e to 1e en u#ed in t"e im+/ementation o$ t"e 4e:i ed &&7 0"eme in0/uding #e:ie35 monito#ing and e:a/uation at di t#i0tQ u1-di t#i0t /e:e/' =o#ti0u/tu#e =o#ti0u/tu#e e0to# 0ont#i1ute mo#e t"an 3)'5 < to %;- o$ ag#i0u/tu#e and "a maintained a g#o3t" #ate o$ 5< mo#e t"an /a t 2 de0ade ' =o#ti0u/tu#e e0to# i t"e ma?o# o+tion - to im+#o:e /i:e/i"ood e0u#it. o$ ma// $a#me# 5 - im+#o:ed em+/o.ment o++o#tunitie 5 - to attain $ood and nut#ition e0u#it.5 - im+#o:e in0ome t"#oug" :a/ue addition and - $o#eign eA0"ange t"#oug" eA+o#t ' ,M!-R.+$. ,$,.,+.,V S ,$ /-R.,CU0.UR D V 0-!M $. T"e de:e/o+ment o$ "o#ti0u/tu#e in India i main/. t"#oug" de:e/o+menta/ +#og#amme o$ t"e ;e+t o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2oo+e#ation (;72,' (i, Nationa/ =o#ti0u/tu#e &i ion (N=&, 2))5-)6 -#o:iding "o/i ti0 g#o3t" to t"e "o#ti0u/tu#e e0to# t"#oug" an a#ea 1a ed5 #egiona//. di$$e#entiated t#ateg.5 u++/. o$ Mua/it. +/anting mate#ia/5 +#odu0tion and +#odu0ti:it. im+#o:ement5 te0"no/og. +#omotion5 eAten ion5 +o t "a#:e t management and ma#keting' (ii, =o#ti0u/tu#e &i ion $o# No#t" Ea t (8 tate , ()1-)2, and =ima/a.an State (6tta#ak"and5 = -5 B H @, ()3-)4, To a0"ie:e t"e goa/ and mandate o$ t"e mi ion +#og#amme "a:e 1een $o#mu/ated unde# $ou# &ini&i ion ' (iii, Nationa/ 8am1oo &i ion ()6-)7, 2ent#a//. S+on o#ed S0"eme to +#omote t"e g#o3t" o$ 1am1oo e0to#' T"e +#og#amme add#e $ou# ma?o# a#ea o$ 1am1oo de:e/o+ment name/. (i, 4e ea#0" and ;e:e/o+ment5 (ii, -/antation ;e:e/o+ment5 (iii, =andi0#a$t ;e:e/o+ment and (i:, &a#keting '
(i:, &i0#o I##igation T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"i 0"eme i to in0#ea e t"e 0o:e#age o$ a#ea unde# -im+#o:ed met"od o$ i##igation $o# -1ette# 3ate# u e e$$i0ien0. 3it" -$e#tigation (/iMuid $e#ti/i*e# i added to 3ate# in an i##igation . tem, -Mua/it. +#odu0tion and - to +#o:ide timu/u to g#o3t" in ag#i0u/tu#a/ e0to#' (:, 2ent#a/ In titute $o# =o#ti0u/tu#e (2I=, Naga/and- )5-)6 - -#o:iding te0"no/og. and =4; u++o#t to t"e "o#ti0u/tu#e ea#0" in t"e No#t"-Ea te#n State ' T"e t"#u t a#ea $o# t"e in titute a#e (i, 4e$inementQ demon t#ation o$ identi$ied te0"no/ogie +e0i$i0 $o# t"i #egion (ii, -#odu0tion and u++/. o$ Mua/it. eed and +/anting mate#ia/ o$ im+#o:ed Q "ig" .ie/ding :a#ietie and (iii, T#aining o$ tate de+a#tment o$$i0ia/ and $ie/d $un0tiona#ie in e/e0ted a +e0t o$ "o#ti0u/tu#e in0/uding +o t "a#:e t management5 +#o0e ing and :a/ue addition' Ne3 Initiati:e -=ig" ;en it. -/antation (=;-, Q 2ano+. &anagement -=o#ti0u/tu#e &e0"ani*ation and 0e#ti$i0ation o$ %ood 7g#i0u/tu#a/ -#a0ti0e (%7-,' -T"e 0o t no#m and +atte#n o$ a i tan0e $o# -o t =a#:e t &anagement (-=&, "a:e 1een en"an0ed to en0ou#age +#i:ate e0to# +a#ti0i+ation in 1ui/ding -=& in$#a t#u0tu#e' - t"e 0o t no#m o$ ome o$ t"e a0ti:itie /ike etting u+ o$ nu# e#ie 5 a#ea eA+an ion5 #e?u:enation +#og#amme and +#ote0ted 0u/ti:ation "a 1een #e:i ed to +#o:ide 1ette# in0enti:e to t"e $a#me# $o# ado+ting im+#o:ed te0"no/ogie and 0u/ti:a# ' Nationa/ 2oo+e#ati:e ;e:e/o+ment 2o#+o#ation (N2;2, 3i// 1e a1/e to +#o:ide /oan di#e0t/. to t"e 2oo+e#ati:e 3it"out StateQ2ent#a/ %o:e#nment gua#antee on $u#ni "ing o$ e0u#it.' T"e a0ti:itie 0on0e#ning 3ate# 0on e#:ation5 anima/ 0a#eQ "ea/t"5 di ea e +#e:ention5 ag#i0u/tu#a/ in u#an0e and ag#i0u/tu#a/ 0#edit5 #u#a/ anitationQ d#ainageQ e3e#age5 /a1ou#5 tou#i m5 "o +ita/it. and t#an +o#t5 e/e0t#i0it. and +o3e# and #u#a/ "ou ing "a:e 1een made a noti$ied e#:i0e ' T=E N7TIFN7L 2FF-E47TICE ;ECELF-&ENT 2F4-F47TIFN (N2;2, 7&EN;&ENT 72T5 2))2 T"e Nationa/ 2oo+e#ati:e ;e:e/o+ment 2o#+o#ation (N2;2, 70t5 1962 "a 1een amended :ide N2;2 (7mendment, 70t5 2))2 eA+ending t"e mandate o$ N2;2 to in0/ude $ood tu$$5 indu t#ia/ good 5 /i:e to0k5 and e#:i0e in t"e +#og#amme and a0ti:itie in addition to t"e eAi ting +#og#amme ' T"e de$inition o$ ag#i0u/tu#e +#odu0e "a 1een amended to 0o:e# 3ide# #ange o$ a0ti:itie 1. in0/uding edi1/e and non edi1/e oi/ eed 5 0att/e $eed5 +#odu0e o$ "o#ti0u/tu#e and anima/ "u 1and#.5 $o#e t#.5 +ou/t#.5 $a#ming5 +i i0u/tu#e and ot"e# a0ti:itie a//ied to ag#i0u/tu#e' ;e$inition o$ indu t#ia/ good and /i:e to0k "a:e 1een e/a1o#ated 0o:e#ing t"e +#odu0t o$ a//ied indu t#ie in t"e #u#a/ a#ea and in0/ude an. "andi0#a$t o# #u#a/ 0#a$t ' T"e /i:e to0k in0/ude a// anima/ to 1e #ai ed $o# mi/k5 meat5 $/ee0e5 kin5 3oo/ and ot"e# 1.+#odu0t ' 2on titution (Fne =und#ed and E/e:ent" 7mendment, 8i// 2))9 F1?e0ti:e - (i, To minimi*e t"e %o:e#nment 0ont#o/ and inte#$e#en0e in t"e 3o#king o$ 2oo+e#ati:e So0ietie o a to gi:e t"em a genuine demo0#ati0 and autonomou 0"a#a0te#9 (ii, To en u#e time/. 0ondu0t o$ e/e0tion 5 gene#a/ 1od. meeting and audit o$ 2oo+e#ati:e So0ietie 9 and (iii, To +#o$e iona/i*e t"e management o$ t"e e in titution ' 7mendment to t"e &u/ti-State 2o-o+e#ati:e So0ietie 70t 2))2 T"e amendment "a 1een +#o+o ed to $a0i/itate t"e im+/ementation o$ t"e &u/ti-State 2o-o+e#ati:e So0ietie 70t5 2))2 and to #emo:e t"e di$$i0u/tie $a0ed in it im+/ementation' F1?e0ti:e - (i, 70ti:e mem1e# +a#ti0i+ation' (ii, 6 e o$ mode#n too/ $o# mo#e e$$i0ient and t#an +a#ent $un0tioning' (iii, ;e-+o/iti0i*ation' (i:, Ena1/ing t"e 1u ine g#o3t" 1. +#o:iding a 0ondu0i:e en:i#onment'
(:, St#engt"ening and eA+anding t"e mu/ti-State 0o-o+e#ati:e o0ietie ' T"e Seed 70t 1966 +#o:ide $o# t"e /egi /ati:e $#ame3o#k $o# #egu/ation o$ Mua/it. o$ eed o/d in t"e 0ount#.' T"e 2ent#a/ Seed Te ting La1o#ato#. (2STL, o$ t"e Nationa/ Seed 4e ea#0" T#aining 2ent#e (NS4T2, "a 1e0ome a mem1e# /a1o#ato#. o$ t"e Inte#nationa/ Seed Te ting 7 o0iation (IST7,5 >u#i0"5 S3it*e#/and' T"e 2ent#a/ Seed 2ommittee (2S2, and t"e 2ent#a/ Seed 2e#ti$i0ation 8oa#d (2S28, a#e a+eA agen0ie et u+ unde# t"e Seed 70t to ad:i e t"e %o:e#nment on a// matte# #e/ating to admini t#ation o$ t"e 70t and Mua/it. 0ont#o/ o$ eed ' -#o+o ed 0"ange to 1e made in eAi ting Seed 70t 1966 (i, 2#eate a $a0i/itati:e 0/imate $o# g#o3t" o$ t"e eed indu t#. (ii, En"an0e eed #e+/a0ement #ate $o# :a#iou 0#o+ (iii, 8oo t t"e eA+o#t o$ eed and en0ou#age t"e im+o#t o$ ge#m+/a m (i:, 2#eate 0ondu0i:e atmo +"e#e $o# a++/i0ation o$ $#ontie# 0ien0e in :a#ieta/ de:e/o+ment and $o# en"an0ed in:e tment in 4 H ;' In o#de# to en0ou#age eA+o#t o$ eed in t"e inte#e t o$ $a#me# 5 t"e +#o0edu#e $o# eA+o#t o$ eed "a 1een im+/i$ied' Seed o$ :a#iou 0#o+ "a:e 1een +/a0ed unde# F+en %ene#a/ Li0en0e (F%L,5 eA0e+t t"e eed o$ 3i/d :a#ietie 5 ge#m+/a m5 1#eede# eed 5 8e# eem eed and onion eed a#e on #e t#i0ted /i t o$ eA+o#t unde# t"e ne3 EA+o#t and Im+o#t -o/i0. 2))9-1)' Nationa/ Seed &i ion T"e ;e+a#tment +#o+o e to /aun0" Nationa/ Seed &i ion $#om t"e .ea# 2)11-12 #e+/a0ing t"e eAi ting Seed In$#a t#u0tu#e S0"eme' -/anning 2ommi ion "a gi:en in-+#in0i+/e a++#o:a/ to t"e &i ion' -o/i0. on EA+o#t and Im+o#t o$ Seed and -/anting &ate#ia/ &a?o# 0"eme a#e (i, ;e:e/o+ment and t#engt"ening o$ In$#a t#u0tu#e $a0i/itie $o# -#odu0tion and ;i t#i1ution o$ Lua/it. Seed - Mua/it. 0ont#o/ a##angement o$ eed - t#an +o#t u1 id. on mo:ement o$ eed $#om NE to ot"e# "i//. a#ea - e ta1/i "ment and maintenan0e o$ eed 1ank - eed :i//age 0"eme - a i tan0e $o# 0#eation o$ in$#a t#u0tu#e $a0i/itie - a i tan0e $o# 1oo ting eed +#odu0tion in +#i:ate e0to# - =4; - a i tan0e $o# eed eA+o#t - +#o+agation and a++/i0ation o$ 1iote0"no/og. in ag#i0u/tu#e - +#omotion o$ ".1#id eed o$ #i0e' (ii, S0"eme $o# +#ote0tion o$ -/ant Ca#ietie and Ia#me# 4ig"t - +#o:ide g#ant to t"e 7ut"o#it. $o# it o+e#ationa/ 0o t and im+/ementation o$ +#o:i ion o$ t"e a0t and $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to ;6S (;i tin0tne 5 6ni$o#mit. and Sta1i/it., 0ent#e $o# de:e/o+ing guide/ine $o# identi$ied 0#o+ $o# ;6S te t ' &7SS &E;I7 S6--F4T TF 7%4I26LT64E Io0u on t3o initiati:e i, u e o$ ;oo#da# "an $o# +#o:iding ag#i0u/tu#e #e/ated in$o#mation' ii, u e o$ 96 I& T#an mitte# o$ 7I4 to 1#oad0a t a#ea +e0i$i0 ag#i0u/tu#a/ +#og#amme 3it" 3) minute #adio t#an mi ion in t"e e:ening iA da. a 3eek @IS7N 27LL 2ENT4E (@22, "a:e 1een $un0tioning in0e 21 t Banua#.5 2))4 @i an 2a// 2ent#e 7gent kno3n a L-1 agent an 3e# $a#me# E Mue#ie in 21 /o0a/ dia/e0t $#om 6 am to 1) +m on a// da. ' State /e:e/ &onito#ing 2ommittee "a 1een 0on tituted $o# ea0" @22 to monito# @22E a0ti:itie ' 2om+#i e o$ Se0#eta#. (7g#i0u/tu#e,5 ;i#e0to# o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e5 and ot"e# de:e/o+ment de+a#tment 5 #e+#e entati:e o$ 8SNL5 Noda/ o$$i0e# o$ @22 et0
(@@&S, @i an @no3/edge &anagement S. tem i a data t#u0tu#e de:e/o+ed 1. ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2oo+e#ation (;72, 3"i0" $a0i/itate @i an 2a// 2ent#e eAe0uti:e to +#o:ide 0o##e0t an 3e# ' -u1/i0it. o$ @22 i 1eing 0a##ied out to 0#eate a3a#ene among gene#a/ ma e t"#oug" -S7&ETI- State 7g#i0u/tu#a/ &anagement H EAten ion T#aining In titute -;7C--;i#e0to#ate o$ 7d:e#ti ing and Ci ua/ -u1/i0it. -;oo#da# "anQ7I4 EST78LIS=&ENT FI 7%4I26LT64E-2LINI2 7N; 7%4I26LT64E 86SINESS 2ENT4ES 7g#i0u/tu#e-2/ini0 and 7g#i0u/tu#e-8u ine 2ent#e S0"eme 3a /aun0"ed on 9'4' 2))2 to +#o:ide eAten ion e#:i0e to $a#me# on +a.ment 1a i t"#oug" etting u+ o$ e0onomi0a//. :ia1/e e/$em+/o.ment :entu#e ' Se/e0ted t#ainee a#e +#o:ided ag#i-+#eneu# "i+ t#aining $o# a +e#iod o$ t3o mont" 1. &7N7%E t"#oug" identi$ied Noda/ t#aining In titution in :a#iou tate 5 3"o a/ o +#o:ide "and"o/ding u++o#t $o# one .ea#' N7874; monito# t"e 0#edit u++o#t to 7g#i0u/tu#e-2/ini0 t"#oug" 2omme#0ia/ 8ank ' -#o:i ion o$ 0#edit-/inked 1a0k-ended u1 id. S 25 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0a+ita/ 0o t o$ t"e +#o?e0t $unded t"#oug" 1ank /oan a 3e// a $u// inte#e t u1 id. $o# t"e $i# t t3o .ea# on t"e 1ank 0#edit "a #e0ent/. 1een a++#o:ed unde# t"e 0"eme' T"e u1 id. 3ou/d 1e 33'33 +e# 0ent in #e +e0t o$ 0andidate 1e/onging to S25 ST5 Domen and ot"e# di ad:antaged e0tion and t"o e $#om No#t"-Ea te#n and =i// State ' Nationa/ e-%o:e#nan0e -/an in 7g#i0u/tu#e (Ne%--7, T"e ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2oo+e#ation (;72, i +#e+a#ing Nationa/ e-%o:e#nan0e -/an in 7g#i0u/tu#e (Ne%--7, to make im+#o:ed e#:i0e a00e i1/e to $a#me# u ing In$o#mation and 2ommuni0ation Te0"no/og.' T"e in$o#mation a#e intended to 1e +#o:ided to $a#me# t"#oug" :a#iou 0"anne/ in0/uding 2ommon Se#:i0e 2ent#e 5 Inte#net @io k and S&S ' ;72NET +#o?e0t ;i#e0to#ate Q Iie/d unit a#e +#o:ided 3it" 1a i0 IT in$#a t#u0tu#e (L7N 3e1 ite and mu/timedia a00e ,' ;e+a#tment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e and 2oo+e#ation (;72, =L i @#i "i 8"a:an 3"e#e :ideo 0on$e#en0ing $a0i/it. "a 1een et u+' F1?e0ti:e o$ ;e:e/o+ment o$ 7g#i0u/tu#e In$o#mati0 and 2ommuni0ation i to 1ui/d a #e e#:oi# o$ a// data #e/ated to ag#i0u/tu#e and de:e/o+ment o$ 3e1-1a ed a++/i0ation ' ;72 i u++o#ting e-%o:e#nan0e a0ti:itie in t"e State ag#i0u/tu#e and a//ied de+a#tment t"#oug" 7%4ISNET' 7%4ISNET en:i age +#omotion o$ e-go:e#nan0e 1. u e o$ In$o#mation and 2ommuni0ation Te0"no/og. (I2T,' 7g#i0u/tu#a/ 2#edit -#o:iding time/. and adeMuate 0#edit u++o#t at a$$o#da1/e inte#e t to $a#me# 3it" +a#ti0u/a# $o0u on ma// and ma#gina/ $a#me# and 3eake# e0tion o$ t"e o0iet. to ena1/e t"em to ado+t mode#n te0"no/og. and im+#o:ed ag#i0u/tu#a/ +#a0ti0e $o# in0#ea ing ag#i0u/tu#a/ +#odu0tion and +#odu0ti:it.' Em+"a i on augmenting 0#edit $/o3 at g#ound /e:e/ t"#oug" - 0#edit +/anning5 - ado+tion o$ #egion +e0i$i0 t#ategie 5 - #ationa/i*ation o$ /ending +o/i0ie and +#o0edu#e and - 1#inging do3n t"e #ate o$ inte#e t on $a#m /oan' 7g#i0u/tu#a/ 2#edit i di 1u# ed t"#oug" a &u/ti-7gen0. Net3o#k 0om+#i ing o$ 2omme#0ia/ 8ank (28 ,5 4egiona/ 4u#a/ 8ank (448 , and 2oo+e#ati:e ' T"e 2oo+e#ati:e 2#edit In titution a#e t"e main in titutiona/ agen0. $o# di +en ation o$ ag#i0u/tu#a/ 0#edit 1ot" in "o#t and /ong te#m' 8ank a#e u ing t"e e#:i0e o$ N%F 5 S=% 5 Boint Lia1i/it. %#ou+ (BL% ,5 &i0#o Iinan0e In titution and ot"e# 2i:i/ So0iet. o#gani*ation a inte#media#ie in +#o:iding $inan0ia/ and 1anking e#:i0e in t"e #u#a/ a#ea ' Im+o#tant mea u#e o$ 7g#i0u/tu#a/ 2#edit i, Ia#m 2#edit -a0kage
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IL;5 1#eede# eed 5 nationa/ /e:e/ t#aining-I274-1))< T"e ;ange#ou &a0"ine (4egu/ation , 70t -19835 amended on Bu/. 245 2))7' --o3e# o+e#ated 0"a$$ 0utte# and -o3e# o+e#ated uga#0ane 0#u "e#' Ie#ti/i*e# -#e ent/. 64E7 i t"e on/. $e#ti/i*e# 3"i0" i unde# t"e tatuto#. +#i0e 0ont#o/' To en u#e adeMuate a:ai/a1i/it. o$ $e#ti/i*e# to $a#me# at #ea ona1/e #ate 5 u1 id. i +#o:ided 1. %o:e#nment o$ India' 6#ea5 t"e mo t 0on umed $e#ti/i*e# 5 i u1 idi*ed unde# t"e Ne3 6#ea -#i0ing S0"eme' T"e +#i0e o$ 6#ea "a 1een in0#ea ed 1. 1) +e# 0ent $#om 1 t 7+#i/ 2)1)' %o:e#nment o$ India i im+/ementing Nut#ient 8a ed Su1 id. (N8S, +o/i0. 3'e'$' 1 t 7+#i/ 2)1)5 and u1 id. i 1eing gi:en on t"e 1a i o$ nut#ient N-@ and S +#e ent in t"e $e#ti/i*e# to t"e 0om+anie ' N7TIFN7L -4FBE2T FN F4%7NI2 I74&IN% Nationa/ -#o?e0t on F#gani0 Ia#ming i a 0ontinuing 0"eme $#om 1)t" Ii:e Gea# -/an +e#iod and i 1eing im+/emented in 11t" +/an $o# te0"ni0a/ 0a+a0it. 1ui/ding and +#omotion o$ o#gani0 $a#ming in t"e 0ount#.' T"e #e:i ed 0"eme o$ Nationa/ -#o?e0t on F#gani0 Ia#ming "a initiated 3it" ome ne3 inno:ati:e a0ti:itie ' T"e main 0om+onent o$ t"e 0"eme in0/udeK (a, Iinan0ia/ a i tan0e $o# etting u+ o$ I#uit QCegeta1/e &a#ket Da te 0om+o t unit and 8io-$e#ti/i*e# +#odu0tionQ8io-+e ti0ide unit ' (1, Te0"ni0a/ 0a+a0it. 1ui/ding and =uman 4e ou#0e de:e/o+ment t"#oug" t#aining and #e ea#0"' (0, Lua/it. 0ont#o/ o$ F#gani0 $e#ti/i*e# Q8io-$e#ti/i*e# a tatua#. #eMui#ement unde# I2F' (d, 8io/ogi0a/ a e ment o$ Soi/ =ea/t"' (e, Laun0"ing and o+e#ationa/i*ation o$ /o3 0o t 0e#ti$i0ation . tem kno3n a -a#ti0i+ato#. %ua#antee S. tem (-%S,' ($, 73a#ene 0#eation and +u1/i0it. o$ in0#ea ing ado+tion o$ o#gani0 $a#ming in t"e 0ount#.' 7nima/ Lua#antine and 2e#ti$i0ation Se#:i0eK T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"i e#:i0e i to +#e:ent ing#e o$ /i:e to0k di ea e into India 1. #egu/ating t"e im+o#t o$ /i:e to0k and /i:e to0k #e/ated +#odu0t 5 and +#o:iding eA+o#t 0e#ti$i0ation o$ Inte#nationa/ Standa#d $o# /i:e to0k and /i:e to0k +#odu0t 3"i0" a#e eA+o#ted $#om India' %ene#a/ -T"e 2ent#a/ Ie#ti/i*e# Lua/it. 2ont#o/ and T#aining In titute i at Ia#ida1ad' -T"e +#e ent a:ai/a1i/it. o$ "uman +#otein in Indian diet i a#ound 11'3 gm +e# +e# on +e# da. a again t 3o#/d a:e#age o$ 29gm - Ia#m &a0"ine#. T#aining and Te ting In titute (I&T H TI , -8udni ( &-,5 =i a# (=a#.ana,5 %a#/adinne5 7nant+u# (7-,5 2"a#ia/i (7 am, - Ii# t @#i "i Cig.an @end#a in India- -udu0"e##. in 1974 -Ii# t /i:e to0k 0en u 1919-192) a$te# t"at MuinMuennia//. (18 t" 0en u 2))7,' -2ent#a/ =e#d 4egi t#ation 6nit in $ou# 1#eeding t#a0t i'e' 4o"tak5 7"meda1ad5 Fngo/e5 7?me# -8#eed o$ 0att/e - %i#5 @ank#e?5 =a#iana and Fngo/e' -8#eed o$ 1u$$a/o Ba$$#a1adi5 &e" ani5 &u##a" and Su#ti' --ig - 3"ite Go#k "i#e5 =am+ "i#e and Land#a0e -2att/e 1#eeding $a#m (7, at Su#atga#" (4a?a t"an,5 2"i+/ima and Semi/iguda (F#i a,5 ;"am#od (%u?a#at,5 =e a#g"atta (@a#nataka,5 7/amadi (Tami/ Nadu, and 7nde "naga# (6tta# -#ade ", -India i t"e $i$t" /a#ge t indigenou 0"i0ken meat +#odu0e# in t"e Do#/d a$te# 6S5 2"ina5 8#a*i/ and &eAi0o5 0om+#i ing o$ 3 +e# 0ent o$ tota/ 3o#/d +#odu0tion' -4egiona/ 2ent#a/ -ou/t#. ;e:e/o+ment o#gani*ation (2-;F , /o0ated at 2"andiga#"5 8"u1ane 3a#5 &um1ai and =e a#g"atta' -T"e 2ent#a/ Iodde# Seed -#odu0tion Ia#m /o0ated at =e ai#g"atta (@a#nataka, -SiA 7nima/ Lua#antine Station $un0tioning one ea0" at &um1ai5 ;e/"i5 @o/kata5 2"ennai5 8enga/u#u and =.de#a1ad' - (Nationa/ In titute o$ 7nima/ =ea/t", "a 1een et u+ at 8ag"+at5 6tta# -#ade "' - T"e 2ent#e $o# 7nima/ ;i ea e 4e ea#0" and ;iagno i (27;47;, o$ Indian Cete#ina#. 4e ea#0" In titute5 I*atnaga# i $un0tioning a 2ent#a/ ;i ea e ;iagno ti0 La1o#ato#.' -D8 +#odu0e /a#ge t num1e# o$ 0ut $/o3e# in India
-La#ge t /i:e to0k +o+u/ation in t"e 3o#/d (57< o$ 3o#/d 1u$$a/o H 14< o$ 0att/e, -La#ge t +#odu0e# o$ mi/k' -1 t - mango5 1anana5 +a+a.a5 a+ota5 +omeg#anate5 aon/a5 g#a+e -India i t"e /a#ge t +#odu0e#5 0on ume# and eA+o#te# o$ +i0e and +i0e +#odu0t in t"e 3o#/d' - I#uit H Cegeta1/e a/one 0on titute a1out 92< o$ t"e tota/ "o#ti0u/tu#a/ +#odu0tion in India -2nd - /a#ge t +#odu0e# o$ $#uit 5 1#in?a/5 0a11age5 0au/i$/o3e#5 onion -2nd /a#ge t 0on ume# o$ $e#ti/i*e# (1 t 0"ina, -3#d +otato5 tomato -3#d /a#ge t +#odu0e# o$ $e#ti/i*e# (2"ina5 6S7, Chapter ' - Culture and Touris# &ini t#. o$ 2u/tu#e i 3o#king on t"e +#ote0tion5 de:e/o+ment and +#omotion o$ a// t.+e o$ =e#itage and 0u/tu#e name/.5 Tangi1/e =e#itage5 Intangi1/e =e#itage and @no3/edge =e#itage' INT7N%I8LE 26LT647L =E4IT7%E L7LIT @7L7 7@7;E&I To +#omote and +#o+agate unde# tanding o$ Indian a#t5 1ot" 3it"in and out ide t"e 0ount#.5 t"e %o:e#nment o$ India e ta1/i "ed La/it @a/a 7kademi (Nationa/ 7kademi o$ 7#t , at Ne3 ;e/"i on 5 7ugu t 1954' T"e 7kademi "a #egiona/ 0ent#e 0a//ed 4a "t#i.a La/it @a/a @end#a at Lu0kno35 @o/kata5 2"ennai5 %a#"i in Ne3 ;e/"i5 S"im/a and 8"u1ane 3a# 3it" 3o#k "o+ $a0i/itie in +ainting5 0u/+tu#e5 +#intmaking and 0e#ami0 ' T"e 7kademi "a 1een o#gani ing nationa/ eA"i1ition o$ 0ontem+o#a#. Indian a#t 3it" 15 nationa/ a3a#d 5 ea0" o$ 4 5)5)))' E:e#. t"#ee .ea#5 t"e 7kademi a/ o o#gani e T#iennia/ India5 an Inte#nationa/ eA"i1ition o$ 0ontem+o#a#. a#t in Ne3 ;e/"i' T"e 7kademi a/ o 1#ing out 1i-annua/ a#t ?ou#na/ 5 0a%it *a%a Contemporary (Eng/i ",5 0a%it *a%a +n#ient (Eng/i ", and Samka%een *a%a (=indi,' S7N%EET N7T7@ 7@7;E&I T"e Nationa/ 70adem. o$ ;an0e5 ;#ama5 and &u i05 named Sangeet Natak 7kademi5 3a t"e $i# t o$ t"e e entitie to 1e e ta1/i "ed 1. a #e o/ution o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ Edu0ation5 "eaded 1. &au/ana 71u/ @a/am 7*ad5 igned on 31 &a. 1952' Fn 28 Banua#. 19535 Sangeet Natak 7kademi 3a inaugu#ated 1. t"e t"en -#e ident o$ India5 ;# 4a?end#a -#a ad' In 11Se+tem1e# 19615 Sangeet Natak 7kademi 3a #e0on tituted 1. t"e %o:e#nment a a o0iet. and #egi te#ed unde# t"e So0ietie #egi t#ation 70t o$ 186) (a amended in 1957,' T"e 7kademi a/ o e ta1/i "e and /ook a$te# in titution and +#o?e0t o$ nationa/ im+o#tan0e in t"e $ie/d o$ +e#$o#ming a#t ' 2"#ono/ogi0a//.5 t"e Ba3a"a#/a/ Ne"#u &ani+u#i ;an0e 70adem. in Im+"a/5 t"e +#emie# in titution in &ani+u#i dan0e and mu i0 e ta1/i "ed in 19545 i t"e $i# t o$ t"e e in titution ' In 1959 t"e 7kademi e ta1/i "ed t"e Nationa/ S0"oo/ o$ d#ama in ;e/"i' In 1964 t"e @at"ak @end#a 1a ed in ;e/"i' T"e 7kademiE ot"e# +#o?e0t o$ nationa/ im+o#tan0e a#e in *utiyattam t"eat#e o$ @e#a/a5 3"i0" 0ommen0ed in 1991 #e0ei:ed #e0ognition $#om 6NES2F a a &a te# +ie0e o$ o#a/ and intangi1/e "e#itage o$ "umanit. in 2))1' T"e +#o?e0t on Chhau dan0e o$ F#i a5 B"a#k"and and De t 8enga/ 1egan in 1994' T"e +#o?e0t u++o#t to Sattriya mu i05 dan0e5 t"eat#e and a//ied a#t o$ 7 am 3a ta#ted in 2))2' &6SI2 T3o main 0"oo/ o$ 0/a i0a/ mu i0J/industani and Carnati#
;7N2E Im+o#tant among t"em a#e Bharata $atyam, *athaka%i, *athak Manipuri, *u#hipudi and -dissi"
Bharata $atyam t"oug" it de#i:e it #oot $#om Tami/ Nadu5 "a de:e/o+ed into an a// India $o#m' *athaka%i i a dan0e $o#m o$ @e#a/a' *athak i a 0/a i0a/ dan0e $o#m #e:ita/i*ed a a #e u/t o$ &ug"a/ in$/uen0e on Indian 0u/tu#e' &ani+u# "a 0ont#i1uted to a de/i0ate5 /.#i0a/ t./e o$ dan0e 0a//ed Manipuri5 *u#hipudi i a dan0e $o#m o3ing it o#igin to 7nd"#a -#ade "' -dissi $#om F#i a5 on0e +#a0ti0ed a a tem+/e dan0e5 i toda. 3ide/. eA"i1ited 1. a#ti te a0#o t"e 0ount#.' S7=ITG7 7@7;E&I T"e 7kademi 3a $ounded in &a#0" 1954 a an autonomou 1od. $u//. $unded 1. t"e ;e+a#tment o$ 2u/tu#e' It 3a #egi te#ed a a So0iet. in 1956 unde# t"e So0ietie 4egi t#ation 70t5 186)' T"e 7kademi "a #e0ogni ed 24 /anguage ' T"e#e a#e $ou# 4egiona/ 8oa#d to +#omote #egiona/ inte#a0tion among t"e /anguage o$ t"e No#t"5 De t5 Ea t and Sout"' 8e ide it =ead F$$i0e in Ne3 ;e/"i5 it "a $ou# o$$i0e K in @o/kata5 &um1ai5 8anga/u#u and 2"ennai' T"e 7kademi "a t3o T#an /ation 2ent#e at 8anga/o#e and @o/kata5 1e ide a -#o?e0t F$$i0e at S"i//ong' T"e t"#ee $e//o3 "i+ 1. Sa"it.a 7kademi a#eK1' Sa"it.a 7kademi =ono#a#. Ie//o3"i+ 2' 7nand Ie//o3 "i+ 3' -#em0"and Ie//o3 "i+ Sa"it.a 7kademi =ono#a#. Ie//o3 "i+ i t"e "ig"e t "onou# 0on$e##ed 1. t"e 7kademi on a 3#ite#5 1. e/e0ting "im a it Ie//o3' T"i "onou# i #e e#:ed $o# t"e 'immo#ta/ o$ /ite#atu#e' and /imited to 21 on/. at an. gi:en time' 7nand Ie//o3 "i+ in tituted in 1996 in t"e name o$ t"e g#eat 0"o/a# and ae t"ete ;#' 7nanda 2ooma#a 3am. i o$$e#ed to 0"o/a# $#om 7 ian 2ount#ie to +u# ue /ite#a#. +#o?e0t o$ t"ei# 0"oi0e' Sa"it.a 7dademi a/ o in tituted a Ie//o3 "i+ named a$te# -#em0"and du#ing "i 125t" 8#it" 7nni:e# a#. in 2))5' T"i Ie//o3 "i+ i gi:en to 0"o/a# doing #e ea#0" on Indian /ite#atu#e o# to 0#eati:e 3#ite# $#om t"e 0ount#ie o$ t"e S7742 #egion ot"e# t"an India' T"e 7kademi +u1/i "e 1ook in 24 /anguage ' It "a t"#ee ?ou#na/ 5 ,ndian 0iterature (1i-mont"/. in Eng/i ",5Samka%eena Bharatiya Sahitya (1i-mont"/. in =indi, and Samskrita !rati&ha ("a/$-.ea#/. in San k#it,' T"e 7kademi "o/d an annua/ 3eek-/ong NIe ti:a/ o$ Lette# E5 u ua//. in Ie1#ua#. 3it" 73a#d-gi:ing 0e#emon.5 Sam:at a# Le0tu#e and a Nationa/ Semina#'T"e 7kademi a/ o int#odu0ed a ne3 e#ie o$ +#og#amme entit/ed Sur Sahitya a +a#t o$ t"e %o/den Bu1i/ee 0e/e1#ation in 2))4-)5' N7TIFN7L S2=FFL FI ;47&7 (NS;, NS; 3a et u+ 1. Sangeet Natak 7kademi in 1959' Late# in 19755 it 1e0ame an autonomou o#gani ation5 tota//. $inan0ed 1. ;e+a#tment o$ 2u/tu#e' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ NS; i to t#ain tudent in a// a +e0t o$ t"eat#e5 in0/uding t"eat#e "i to#.5 +#odu0tion5 0ene de ign5 0o tume de ign5 /ig"ting5 make-u+5 et0' T"e t#aining 0ou# e at NS; i o$ t"#ee .ea# du#ation' IN;I47 %7N;=I N7TIFN7L 2ENT4E IF4 T=E 74TS (I%N27,1987' It i in:o/:ed in mu/ti$a#iou a0ti:itie u0" a #e ea#0"5 +u1/i0ation5 t#aining5 do0umentation5 di emination and net3o#king T"e I%N27 "a iA $un0tiona/ 6nit 2" *a%a $idhi5 t"e mu/ti-$o#m /i1#a#.9 3" *a%a *osa5 de:oted main/. to t"e tud. and +u1/i0ation o$ $undamenta/ teAt in Indian Language 9 4" Janapada Sampada5 engaged in /i$e t./e tudie 9 5" *a%adarsana5 t"e eAe0uti:e unit 3"i0" t#an $o#m #e ea#0"e and tudie emanating $#om t"e I%N27 into :i i1/e $o#m t"#oug" eA"i1ition 9 5' 2u/tu#a/ In$o#mati0 La15 3"i0" a++/ie te0"no/og. too/ $o# 0u/tu#a/ +#e e#:ation and +#o+agation9 and
6" Sutaradhara5 t"e admini t#ati:e e0tion t"at a0t a a +ine u++o#ting and 0oo#dinating a// t"e a0ti:itie ' T"e I%N27 "a t"#ee 4egiona/ 2ent#e in India U T"e I%N27 "a a Sout"e#n 4egiona/ 2ent#e (S42, "eadMua#te#ed in 8anga/u#u' It e ta1/i "ment in 2))1 3a aimed at inten i$.ing t"e 2ent#e' tudie on t"e out"e#n #egion' a#t and 0u/tu#a/ "e#itage' U T"e 2ent#e' o$$i0e in Ca#ana i i an eAten ion o$ t"e *a%akosa ;i:i ion' T"i o$$i0e gi:e a0ademi0 in+ut and u++o#t o$ Indo/ogi0a/ and San k#it tudie o$ *a%akosa' U T"e $ie/d 0ent#e o$ t"e I%N27 $o# t"e No#t" Ea t i 1a ed in %u3a"ati' It main ta k i to 0o//a1o#ate in +#og#amme #e/ating to t"e 0u/tu#e-#i0" 0ommunitie in t"e no#t" ea te#n #egion' 2ENT4E IF4 26LT647L 4ESF642ES 7N; T47ININ% (224T, Set u+ in &a. 1979 a an autonomou o#gani ation 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India' F1?e0ti:e i to /ink 0u/tu#e 3it" edu0ation'Toda. it o+e#ate unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ &ini t#. o$ 2u/tu#e5%FI 3it" "eadMua#te# in Ne3 ;e/"i' It "a t"#ee #egiona/ 0ent#e at 6dai+u#5 =.de#a1ad and %u3a"ati' Fne o$ t"e mo t im+o#tant $un0tion o$ 224T i to im+/ement t"e 2u/tu#a/ Ta/ent Sea#0" S0"o/a# "i+ S0"eme5 3"i0" 3a taken o:e# $#om t"e ;e+a#tment o$ 2u/tu#e in 1982' T"e 0"eme +#o:ide 0"o/a# "i+ to out tanding 0"i/d#en in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 1) to 14 .ea# 5 tud.ing eit"e# in #e0ogni ed 0"oo/ o# 1e/onging to $ami/ie +#a0ti0ing t#aditiona/ +e#$o#ming o# ot"e# a#t to de:e/o+ t"ei# ta/ent in :a#iou 0u/tu#a/ $ie/d +a#ti0u/a#/. in #a#e a#t $o#m ' T"e 0"o/a# "i+ 0ontinue ti// t"e age o$ 2) .ea# o# t"e $i# t .ea# o$ a 6ni:e# it. deg#ee'T"e 2ent#e "a in tituted 224T Tea0"e# 73a#d 3"i0" i gi:en e:e#. .ea# to e/e0ted tea0"e# $o# t"e out tanding 3o#k done 1. t"em in t"e $ie/d o$ edu0ation and 0u/tu#e' T"e 73a#d 0a##ie 3it" it a 0itation5 a +/aMue5 an angavastram and a 0a " +#i*e o$ 4 1)5)))' >FN7L 26LT647L 2ENT4ES (>22, 7im o$ +#o?e0ting 0u/tu#a/ kin "i+ 3"i0" t#an 0end te##ito#ia/ 1ounda#ie ' T"e idea i to a#ou e a3a#ene o$ t"e /o0a/ 0u/tu#e and to "o3 "o3 t"e e me#ge into *ona/ identitie and e:entua//. into t"e #i0" di:e# it. o$ IndiaE 0om+o ite 0u/tu#e' T"e e:en *ona/ 0u/tu#a/ 0ent#e 3e#e e ta1/i "ed unde# t"i 0"eme du#ing 1985-86 at -atia/a5 @o/kata5 T"an?a:u#5 6dai+u#5 7//a"a1ad5 ;ima+u# and Nag+u#' I#om 1993 a// t"e >ona/ 2u/tu#a/ 2ent#e "a:e 1een ending t"ei# $o/k a#ti te $o# +a#ti0i+ation in t"e 4e+u1/i0 ;a. Io/k ;an0e Ie ti:a/' T"i $e ti:a/ i inaugu#ated 1. t"e =onE1/e -#e ident o$ India e:e#. .ea# on 24t"Q25t" Banua#. at t"e Ta/kato#a Indoo# Stadium in Ne3 ;e/"i' T7N%I8LE 26LT647L =E4T7%E 742=7EFLF%I27L S64CEG FI IN;I7 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1861' It $un0tion a an atta0"ed o$$i0e o$ t"e ;e+a#tment o$ 2u/tu#e' T"e o#gani ation i "eaded 1. t"e ;i#e0to# %ene#a/' T"e ma?o# a0ti:itie o$ t"e 7#0"aeo/ogi0a/ Su#:e. o$ India a#eK i, Su#:e. o$ a#0"aeo/ogi0a/ #emain and eA0a:ation 9 ii, &aintenan0e and 0on e#:ation o$ 0ent#a//. +#ote0ted monument 5 ite and #emain 9 iii, 2"emi0a/ +#e e#:ation o$ monument and antiMua#ian #emain 9 i:, 7#0"ite0tu#a/ u#:e. o$ monument 9 :, ;e:e/o+ment o$ e+ig#a+"i0a/ #e ea#0" ( tud. o$ in 0#i+tion on #o0k 5+i//a# et0,and numi mati0 tudie ( tud. o$ 0u##en0.5 0oin et0,9 :i, Setting u+ and #e-o#gani ation o$ ite mu eum 9 :ii, EA+edition a1#oad9 :iii, T#aining in 7#0"aeo/og.9 iA, -u1/i0ation o$ te0"ni0a/ #e+o#t and #e ea#0" 3o#k ' T"e a0ti:itie o$ it :a#iou 3ing a#e a unde#9 6nde#3ate# 7#0"aeo/og. DingK Sea#0"5 tud. and +#e e#:ation o$ 0u/tu#a/ "e#itage /.ing u1me#ged in in/and o# te##ito#ia/ 3ate# a#e among t"e +#in0i+a/ $un0tion o$ t"e 6nde#3ate# 7#0"aeo/og. Ding' It 0a##ie out eA+/o#ation and eA0a:ation in 7#a1ian Sea a 3e// a in 8a. o$ 8enga/' S0ien0e 8#an0"K T"e S0ien0e 8#an0" o$ t"e Su#:e. 3it" it "eadMua#te# at ;e"#adun and $ie/d /a1o#ato#ie in di$$e#ent +a#t o$ t"e 0ount#. 0a##ie out 0"emi0a/ +#e e#:ation o$ monument 5 antiMuitie 5 manu 0#i+t 5 +ainting 5 et0'
=o#ti0u/tu#e 8#an0"K maintain ga#den in monument ' T"e 1#an0" +#o:ide +e#iodi0 +/ant to 1e u ed in ga#den 1. de:e/o+ing 1a e nu# e#ie at ;e/"i5 7g#a5 S#i#anga+atnam and 8"u1ane 3a#' E+ig#a+". 8#an0"K T"e E+ig#a+". 8#an0" at &. o#e 0a##ie out #e ea#0" 3o#k in San k#it and ;#a:idian /anguage 3"i/e t"e one at Nag+u# 0a##ie out #e ea#0" 3o#k in 7#a1i0 and -e# ian' N7TIFN7L &6SE6&-Ne3 ;e/"i N7TIFN7L 742=ICES FI IN;I7- e ta1/i "ed in @o/kata on 11 &a#0" 1891' It "a a 4egiona/ F$$i0e at 8"o+a/ and t"#ee 4e0o#d 2ent#e at 8"u1ane 3a#5 Bai+u# and -ondi0"e##.' T"e Nationa/ Li1#a#.5 @o/kata 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1948' T"e 2ent#a/ Se0#eta#iat Li1#a#. (2SL, o#igina//. kno3n a Im+e#ia/ Se0#eta#iat Li1#a#.5 @o/kata 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1891' Sin0e 1969 t"e Li1#a#. "a 1een "ou ed at S"a t#i 8"a3an5 Ne3 ;e/"i' It "a a 0o//e0tion o$ o:e# e:en /ak" do0ument main/. on So0ia/ S0ien0e and =umanitie ' It i a de+o ito#. o$ Indian F$$i0ia/ ;o0ument 5 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment and "a a t#ong 0o//e0tion o$ State %o:e#nment do0ument a/ o' Chapter ( & BA"IC ECONO)IC DATA T=E &ini t#. o$ Stati ti0 and -#og#amme Im+/ementation 0on i t o$ t3o 3ing name/.K Stati ti0 Ding and -#og#amme Im+/ementation Ding' T"e &ini t#. i t"e a+eA 1od. in t"e o$$i0ia/ tati ti0a/ . tem o$ t"e 0ount#.' It i t"e aut"o#it. t"at 0ont#o/ t"e Indian Stati ti0a/ Se#:i0e (ISS, and Su1o#dinate Stati ti0a/ Se#:i0e (SSS,' It i a/ o t"e 7dmini t#ati:e &ini t#. $o# t"e Indian Stati ti0a/ In titute5 an autonomou #egi te#ed 0ienti$i0 o0iet. o$ nationa/ im+o#tan0e' T"e &ini t#. in0/ude t"e 2ent#a/ Stati ti0a/ F$$i0e (2SF, and t"e Nationa/ Sam+/e Su#:e. F#gani ation (NSSF,' 2 o -#e +on i1/e $o# $o#mu/ation and maintenan0e o$ tati ti0a/ tanda#d 5 -3o#k +e#taining to nationa/ a00ount 5 - 3o#k +e#taining to indu t#ia/ tati ti0 5 0on ume# +#i0e indi0e $o# u#1an non-manua/ em+/o.ee 5 - 0ondu0t o$ e0onomi0 0en u and u#:e. 5 -t#aining in o$$i0ia/ tati ti0 5 -0oo#dination o$ tati ti0a/ a0ti:itie unde#taken 3it"in t"e 0ount#. and -/iai ing 3it" inte#nationa/ agen0ie in tati ti0a/ matte# ' E0onomi0 2ENS6S unde#took 1. 2SF 1' Ii# t E0onomi0 2en u 1977 2' Se0ond E0onomi0 2en u 198) 3' T"i#d E0onomi0 2en u 199) 4' Io#t" E0onomi0 2en u 1998 5' Ii$t" E0onomi0 2en u 2))5 6' SiAt" E0onomi0 2en u 2)11 N7TIFN7L S7&-LE S64CEG FIII2E T"e Nationa/ Sam+/e Su#:e. (NSS, 3a et u+ in 195) $o# 0ondu0ting /a#ge 0a/e am+/e u#:e. to meet t"e data need o$ t"e 0ount#. $o# t"e e timation o$ nationa/ in0ome and ot"e# agg#egate ' It 3a #eo#gani*ed in 197) 1. 1#inging toget"e# a// a +e0t o$ u#:e. 3o#k unde# a ing/e agen0. kno3n a t"e Nationa/ Sam+/e Su#:e. F#gani ation (NSSF, unde# t"e o:e#a// te0"ni0a/ guidan0e o$ a %o:e#ning 2oun0i/' 7$te# etting u+ o$ t"e Nationa/ Stati ti0a/ 2ommi ion (NS2,5 :ide %o:e#nment o$ India #e o/ution o$ 1 Bune 2))5 t"e #o/e o$ %o:e#ning 2oun0i/ "a 1een taken o:e# 1. t"e NS2' It "a $ou# di:i ion (i, Su#:e. ;e ign and 4e ea#0" ;i:i ion (S;4;, (ii, Iie/d F+e#ation ;i:i ion (IF;, (iii, ;ata -#o0e ing ;i:i ion (;-;,
(i:, 2o-o#dination and -u1/i0ation ;i:i ion (2-;,' TDENTG -FINT -4F%47&&E T"e T3ent. -oint -#og#amme (T--, 3a 0on0ei:ed 3it" t"e o1?e0ti:e o$ im+#o:ing t"e Mua/it. o$ /i$e o$ t"e +eo+/e5 e +e0ia//. t"o e /i:ing 1e/o3 t"e +o:e#t. /ine' It i meant to gi:e a t"#u t to 0"eme #e/ating to +o:e#t. a//e:iation5 em+/o.ment gene#ation in #u#a/ a#ea 5 "ou ing5 edu0ation5 $ami/. 3e/$a#e and "ea/t"5 +#ote0tion o$ en:i#onment and man. ot"e# 0"eme "a:ing a 1ea#ing on t"e Mua/it. o$ /i$e5 e +e0ia//. in t"e #u#a/ a#ea ' T"e +#og#amme5 initiated in t"e .ea# 1975 3a #e t#u0tu#ed in 19825 1986 and in 2))6' T"e #e t#u0tu#ed +#og#amme5 kno3n a T3ent. -oint -#og#amme (T--, 2))65 1e0ame o+e#ationa/ 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 t 7+#i/5 2))7' TDENTG -FINT -4F%47&&E (T--, 2))6 T3ent. -oint -#og#amme (T--,-2))6 o#igina//. 0on i ted o$ 2) +oint and 66 item 1eing monito#ed indi:idua//. 1. 2ent#a/ Noda/ &ini t#ie 0on0e#ned' Fne o$ t"e 66 item :i*' RSam+oo#na %#ameen 4o*ga# Go?ana (S%4G,R "a in0e 1een me#ged 3it" anot"e# item name/. RNationa/ 4u#a/ Em+/o.ment %ua#antee 70tR 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 t 7+#i/5 2))85 3"i0" "a no3 1een #enamed a R&a"atama %and"i Nationa/ 4u#a/ Em+/o.ment %ua#antee 70tR (&%N4E%7, 3'e'$' 2nd F0to1e#5 2))99 t"e#e$o#e S%4G 3a d#o++ed $#om t"e /i t o$ 66 item unde# T---2))6' &E&8E4 FI -74LI7&ENT LF27L 74E7 ;ECELF-&ENT S2=E&E (&-L7;S, 3a /aun0"ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India on 23#d ;e0em1e#5 19935 to ena1/e &em1e# o$ -a#/iament to #e0ommend 3o#k o$ de:e/o+menta/ natu#e 3it" em+"a i on t"e 0#eation o$ du#a1/e 0ommunit. a et 1a ed on t"e /o0a//. $e/t need to 1e taken u+ in t"ei# 2on tituen0ie Q State ' Initia//. t"e &-L7;S 3a unde# t"e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ 4u#a/ ;e:e/o+ment' T"e u1?e0t #e/ating to t"e &-L7;S 3a t#an $e##ed to t"e &ini t#. o$ Stati ti0 and -#og#amme im+/ementation in F0to1e#5 1994' Im+a0t o$ t"e S0"eme Sin0e it in0e+tion5 t"e S0"eme "a immediate/. 1ene$ited t"e /o0a/ 0ommunit. 1. meeting t"ei# :a#iou de:e/o+menta/ need u0" a d#inking 3ate# $a0i/it.5 edu0ation5 e/e0t#i0it.5 "ea/t" and $ami/. 3e/$a#e5 i##igation5 non-0on:entiona/ ene#g.5 0ommunit. 0ent#e 5 +u1/i0 /i1#a#ie 5 1u tand Q to+ 5 #oad 5 +at"3a. and 1#idge et0' Ieatu#e U T"e &-L7;S i a -/an S0"eme $u//. $unded 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India5 unde# 3"i0" $und a#e #e/ea ed in t"e $o#m o$ %#ant -in-7id5 a +e0ia/ 2ent#a/ 7 i tan0e to State ' UIn 1993-945 3"en t"e S0"eme 3a /aun0"ed5 an amount o$ V 5 /ak" +e# &- 3a a//otted 3"i0" 3a en"an0ed to 4 1 0#o#e +e# annum $#om 1994-95 +e# &- 0on tituen0.' T"i 3a $u#t"e# in0#ea ed to V 2 0#o#e $#om 1998-99' It i #e/ea ed in t3o eMua/ in ta//ment o$ V 1 0#o#e ea0" 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India di#e0t/. to t"e ;i t#i0t 7ut"o#itie $o# eAe0ution o$ t"e e/igi1/e 3o#k #e0ommended 1. t"e &- 1. $o//o3ing t"e e ta1/i "ed +#o0edu#e o$ t"e 0on0e#ned State %o:e#nment' UT"e $und #e/ea ed unde# t"e 0"eme a#e non-/a+ a1/e i"e" t"e $und not #e/ea ed in a +a#ti0u/a# .ea# 3i// 1e 0a##ied $o#3a#d $o# making #e/ea e in t"e u1 eMuent .ea# u1?e0t to e/igi1i/it.' U Do#k 3"i0" a#e de:e/o+menta/ in natu#e5 1a ed on /o0a//. $e/t need and a:ai/a1/e $o# +u1/i0 u e at /a#ge5 a#e e/igi1/e unde# t"e 0"eme' U EAamining t"e e/igi1i/it.5 an0tioning5 $unding5 e/e0tion o$ im+/ementing agen0ie 5 +#io#iti*ation and o:e#a// eAe0ution5 monito#ing o$ t"e 0"eme at t"e g#ound /e:e/5 i done 1. t"e ;i t#i0t 7ut"o#itie ' UT"e Lok Sa1"a &em1e# 0an #e0ommend 3o#k in t"ei# #e +e0ti:e 0on tituen0ie ' T"e e/e0ted mem1e# o$ 4a?.a Sa1"a 0an #e0ommend 3o#k an.3"e#e in t"e State $#om 3"i0" t"e. a#e e/e0ted' Nominated &em1e# o$ t"e Lok Sa1"a and t"e 4a?.a Sa1"a 0an #e0ommend 3o#k $o# im+/ementation an.3"e#e in t"e 0ount#.' U4ig"t $#om t"e in0e+tion o$ t"e S0"eme5 3o#k $o# 0#eation o$ du#a1/e a et o$ nationa/ +#io#itie :i*'5 d#inking 3ate#5 +#ima#. edu0ation5 +u1/i0 "ea/t"5 anitation and #oad 5 et0 "a:e 1een gi:en +#io#it.' US+e0ia/ attention i gi:en $o# in$#a t#u0tu#a/ de:e/o+ment o$ a#ea in"a1ited 1. S0"edu/ed 2a te and S0"edu/ed T#i1e +o+u/ation 1. ea#ma#king 15 +e# 0ent and 7'5 +e# 0ent #e +e0ti:e/. o$ &-L7;S $und $o# t"o e a#ea ' U&- 0an a/ o #e0ommend 0ommunit. in$#a t#u0tu#e and +u1/i0 uti/it. 1ui/ding 3o#k $o# #egi te#ed So0ietie QT#u t u1?e0t u+ to a 0ei/ing o$ 4 25 /ak"' T"e 8a i0 E0onomi0 ;ata o3ne# "i+ o$ t"e /and
ma. #emain 3it" t"e So0iet.Q T#u t5 1ut t"e t#u0tu#e 0on t#u0ted 3it" &-L7;S $und "a// 1e t"e +#o+e#t. o$ StateQ6T %o:e#nment' UIn o#de# to unde#take #e"a1i/itation 3o#k in t"e a#ea a$$e0ted 1. 0a/amitie in a State5 Lok Sa1"a &$#om t"e non-a$$e0ted a#ea o$ t"at State 0an #e0ommend +e#mi i1/e 3o#k to t"e tune o$ u+ to V 1) /ak" +e# annum in t"o e a#ea ' In t"e e:ent o$ 0a/amit. o$ e:e#e natu#e in an. +a#t o$ t"e 0ount#.5 an &- 0an #e0ommend 3o#k u+ to a maAimum o$ V 5) /ak" $o# t"e a$$e0ted di t#i0t' U &- 0an +#omote edu0ation and 0u/tu#e o$ a StateQ6T 3"e#e$#om t"e. a#e e/e0ted at a +/a0e out ide t"at StateQ6T 1. e/e0ting 3o#k #e/ating to edu0ation and 0u/tu#a/ de:e/o+ment not +#o"i1ited unde# t"e %uide/ine on &-L7;S u+ to a maAimum o$ V 1) /ak" in a I'G U7t t"e time o$ t"e 0on titution o$ Lok Sa1"a5 and e/e0tion o$ a 4a?.a Sa1"a &em1e#5 t"e $i# t in ta/ment o$ 4 1 0#o#e 3i// 1e #e/ea ed to t"e ;i t#i0t 7ut"o#itie ' U To 1#ing in mo#e $inan0ia/ a00ounta1i/it.5 $u#ni "ing t"e 6ti/i*ation 2e#ti$i0ate $o# t"e +#e:iou $inan0ia/ .ea# and t"e 7udit 0e#ti$i0ate $o# t"e $und #e/ea ed $o# t"e &- 0on0e#ned in t"e .ea# +#io# to t"e +#e:iou .ea# a#e a/ o +#e-#eMui ite $o# #e/ea e o$ t"e e0ond in ta/ment' T"e $i# t in ta/ment o$ t"e $und 3i// 1e #e/ea ed in t"e 1eginning o$ t"e $inan0ia/ .ea#5 u1?e0t to t"e 0ondition t"at e0ond in ta/ment o$ t"e +#e:iou .ea# 3a #e/ea ed $o# t"e &- 0on0e#ned' T"e no#ma/ $inan0ia/ and audit +#o0edu#e +#e:a/ent in t"e tate in 3"i0" t"e 3o#k a#e eAe0uted a++/. 3it" #ega#d to t"e im+/ementation o$ t"e 3o#k ' U 7n im+o#tant initiati:e $o# +". i0a/ monito#ing o$ &-L7;S 3o#k "a a/ o 1een taken 1. t"e &ini t#.' T"e ta k "a 1een a igned to N7874; 2on u/tan0. Se#:i0e (N782FNS,' In t"e $i# t and e0ond +"a e 5 t"e 3o#k o$ +". i0a/ monito#ing "a 1een taken u+ in 73 di t#i0t a0#o t"e 0ount#. and N782FNS "a $i/ed #e+o#t ' In t"e t"i#d +"a e5 6) mo#e di t#i0t "a:e 1een e/e0ted $o# +". i0a/ monito#ing o$ 3o#k unde# t"e S0"eme' T"i te+ 3i// $u#t"e# t#engt"en t#an +a#en0. and a00ounta1i/it. o$ t"e S0"eme' CO))E*CE- C+APTE* , E-port #ainly #anu.acturin oods I#ports 0on titute capital oods and inte#mediate 3"i0" not on/. u++o#t t"e manu$a0tu#ing e0to# 1ut a/ o u++/ie #a3-mate#ia/ $o# t"e eA+o#t o#iented unit ' 2a+ita/ good indu t#. mean indu t#ie 3"i0" 0an +#odu0e ma0"ine too/ 3"i0" a#e5 in tu#n5 u ed $o# +#odu0ing a#ti0/e $o# 0u##ent 0on um+tion' Tota/ eAte#na/ t#ade eA+o#t +/u im+o#t in0/uding #e-eA+o#t T#ade de$i0it de0#ea ed du#ing )9-1) again t )8-)9' Top Fi/e Principal Co##odity 0roups in India1s Total E-ports and I#ports ET-F4TS I&-F4TS -Enginee#ing %ood (18'1 <,5 --et#o/eum -#odu0t (15'7 <,5 -%em and Be3e//e#. (16'2 <,5 -2"emi0a/ in0/uding +"a#ma0euti0a/ (8'8 <, and -TeAti/e (6 <, --et#o/eum -#odu0t (3) <,5 -%o/d and i/:e# (9'5 <,5 -&a0"ine#. (7'8 <,5 -E/e0t#oni0 good (7'2 <,5 --ea#/ 5 -#e0iou and Semi+#e0iou Stone (5'4 <,'
)ost i#portant countries o. E-port and I#ports & 2!334-1356 EA+o#t Im+o#t 67E (13'4 <,5 6S7 (1)'9 <,5 2"ina (6'5 <,5 =ong @ong (4'4 <,5 Singa+o#e (4'2 <,5 Net"e#/and (3'6 <,5 6'@' (3'5 <,5 %e#man. (3 <,5 Saudi 7#a1ia (2'2 <, and I#an0e (2'1 <, 2"ina (1)'7 <,5 67E (6'8 <,5 Saudi 7#a1ia (5'95 <,5 6S7 (5'9 <,5 S3it*e#/and (5'1 <,5 7u t#a/ia (4'3 <,5 I#an (4 <,5 %e#man. (3'6 <,5 Indone ia (3 <, and @o#ea 4e+u1/i0 (2'97 <,
*e ion 7ise Indias share on E-ports and I#ports- !334-13 E-ports I#ports U7 ia and 7SE7N (Sout" 7 ia5 Ea t 7 ia5 No#t" Ea t 7 ia5 D7N75 7SE7N,- '%64%8 UEu#o+e (E65 DE 0ount#ie 5 Ea t Eu#o+e, !16'(8 (E6 0ount#ie 27 2)'17<,5 U7me#i0a (No#t" and Latin, 1'63!8 7 ia and 7SE7N- 6)'9< 7me#i0a (1)'2 <, Eu#o+e (9'21 <,
Forei n Trade Policy 2FTP5 .or the years !334-19 - to dou1/e India' eA+o#t o$ good and e#:i0e 1. 2)14 - to dou1/e India' +e#0entage "a#e o$ g/o1a/ t#ade 1. 2)2) - to $o0u on t"e gene#ation o$ additiona/ em+/o.ment' ):LTILATE*AL T*ADE I"":E" AND INITIATI;E" T"e ;o"a 4ound o$ t#ade negotiation at t"e Do#/d T#ade F#gani ation (DTF, "a 1een unde#3a. in0e 2))1' T"e negotiating mandate o$ t"e 4ound a ag#eed 1. a// t"e mem1e# o$ t"e DTF i 0ontained in t"e ;o"a &ini te#ia/ ;e0/a#ation o$ 14t" No:em1e# 2))19 $u#t"e# e/a1o#ated and 0om+/emented 1. t"e %ene#a/ 2oun0i/ ;e0i ion o$ 1 t 7ugu t 2))4 and t"e =ong @ong &ini te#ia/ ;e0/a#ation o$ 18t" ;e0em1e#5 2))5' T"e ne otiations co/er e:e#a/ a#ea u0" a ag#i0u/tu#e5 ma#ket a00e $o# nonag#i0u/tu#a/ +#odu0t 5 e#:i0e5 t#ade-#e/ated inte//e0tua/ +#o+e#t. #ig"t 5 #u/e (0o:e#ing antidum+ing and u1 idie ,5 t#ade $a0i/itation et0' T"e 0ondu0t5 0on0/u ion and ent#. into $o#0e o$ t"e out0ome o$ t"e negotiation a#e +a#t o$ a ing/e unde#taking5 i'e' <nothin is a reed until e/erythin is a reed<' C+*ONOLO0= OF I)PO*TANT E;ENT" IN DO+A *O:ND OF >TO TAL?" T"e .ea# 2))7 and 2))8 a3 inten i:e discussions and 0on ide#a1/e +#og#e on man. e/ement o$ t"e A riculture and Non-A ricultural )ar@et Access 2NA)A5 moda/itie 5 1ut t"e 4ound 0ou/d not 1e 0on0/uded' 7 mini-&ini te#ia/ meeting o$ DTF &em1e# "e/d in Bu/. 2))8 ended 3it"out an. ag#eement on ome ke. i ue u0" a t"e "pecial "a.e uard )echanis# (SS&, in a riculture and sectorial initiati/es in NA)A (non ag#i0u/tu#a/ ma#ket a00e ,' T"e 2"ai# o$ t"e DTF negotiating %#ou+ on 7g#i0u/tu#e and N7&7 1#oug"t out #e:i ed moda/itie teAt on 6t" ;e0em1e#5 2))8 3"i0" a#e ti// unde# di 0u ion in t"e DTF' India took t"e initiati:e to o#gani*e an in.or#al )inisterial con.erence o$ a1out 3) &ini te# on in Se+tem1e#5 2))9 in o#de# to #e-ene#gie t"e mu/ti/ate#a/ +#o0e ' T"e ta//ed negotiation #e umed in 0ene/a t"e#ea$te#' 7 #egu/a# &ini te#ia/ 2on$e#en0e o$ t"e DTF took +/a0e $#om 3)t" No:em1e# to 2 ;e0em1e#5 2))9' T"e gene#a/ t"eme $o# di 0u ion 3a <The >TOA the )ultilateral Tradin "yste# and the Current 0lo$al Econo#ic En/iron#ent6< T"i 3a t"e .irst .ull )inisterial #eetin o$ t"e DTF in t"e a.ter#ath o. the lo$al econo#ic #eltdo7n6 India1s stand in the >TO ne otiations is uneBui/ocalK t"e +#ote0tion o$ t"e +oo#5 u1 i ten0e $a#me# o$ de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie and :u/ne#a1/e indu t#ie i a priority' T"e#e i no Buestion o. co#pro#isin on t"e e i ue ' I$ an.t"ing5 it i t"e de:e/o+ed 0ount#ie 3"i0" "a:e to mu te# t"e +o/iti0a/ 3i// to 0om+#omi e on ome o$ t"e gene#ou 0a#:e-out t"at t"e. a#e eeking in t"i 4ound' In o#de# to 0om+/ete t"e ;o"a 4ound5 DTF &em1e# "a:e to ag#ee on t"e moda/itie $o# 7g#i0u/tu#e and N7&7 and a/ o 0om+/ete negotiation in a// t"e a#ea 0o:e#ed unde# t"e ;o"a Do#k -#og#amme' The #ain ne otiatin issues and the @ey ele#ents .ro# India1s perspecti/e in the Doha *ound areC A riculture V Su1 tantia/ and e$$e0ti:e #edu0tion in F:e#a// T#ade-di to#ting ;ome ti0 Su++o#t (FT;S, 1. de:e/o+ed 0ount#ie 9 V Se/$ de ignation o$ an a++#o+#iate num1e# o$ S+e0ia/ -#odu0t (S- ,9 V 7n o+e#ationa/ and e$$e0ti:e S+e0ia/ Sa$egua#d &e0"ani m (SS&,9 and
V Ta#i$$ im+/i$i0ation and ta#i$$ 0a++ing o$ de:e/o+ed 0ount#. ta#i$$ ' NA)A- Non A ricultural )ar@et Access V 7deMuate and a++#o+#iate $/eAi1i/itie $o# +#ote0ting e0onomi0a//. :u/ne#a1/e indu t#ie 9 V -a#ti0i+ation in e0to#a/ initiati:e on a non-mandato#. and good $ait" 1a i 3it"out +#e?udgement o$ t"e $ina/ out0ome' T"e +e0ia/ and di$$e#entia/ t#eatment $o# de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie mu t 1e u1 tantia/' V Non ta#i$$ 1a##ie# (NT8, teAtua/ +#o+o a/ 3it" 3ide u++o#t u0" a t"e =o#i*onta/ &e0"ani m mu t 1e taken u+ on a mo#e e#iou note' "E*;ICE" V Lua/itati:e im+#o:ement in t"e #e:i ed o$$e# e +e0ia//. on &ode 1 (0#o 1o#de# u++/., and 4 (mo:ement o$ natu#a/ +e# on ,9 and V a++#o+#iate di 0i+/ining o$ dome ti0 #egu/ation 1. de:e/o+ed 0ount#ie ' *ules V 2/a#i$.ing and im+#o:ing t"e 7nti dum+ing 7g#eement and t"e 7g#eement on Su1 idie and 2ounte#:ai/ing &ea u#e (7S2&,5 3"i/e +#e e#:ing t"e 1a i0 0on0e+t 5 +#in0i+/e and e$$e0ti:ene o$ t"e e 7g#eement ' V Ne3 di 0i+/ine o$ $i "e#ie u1 idie 5 +#o"i1ition o$ 0e#tain $o#m o$ $i "e#ie u1 idie t"at 0ont#i1ute to o:e#0a+a0it. and o:e#-$i "ing' V 7++#o+#iate and e$$e0ti:e +e0ia/ and di$$e#entia/ t#eatment $o# de:e/o+ing and /ea t-de:e/o+ed &em1e# ' T*IP" V E ta1/i "ing a 0/ea# /inkage 1et3een t"e T4I-S 7g#eement and t"e 2on:ention on 8io-di:e# it. (28;, 1. in0o#+o#ating +e0i$i0 di 0/o u#e no#m $o# +atent a++/i0ation 9 and V En"an0ed +#ote0tion $o# %eog#a+"i0a/ Indi0ation (%/ , ot"e# t"an 3ine and +i#it ' Duty Free Tari.. Pre.erence "che#e 2DFTP5 .or LDCs It 3a de0ided du#ing t"e DTFE =ong @ong &ini te#ia/ &eeting "e/d in ;e0em1e# 2))5 t"at a// de:e/o+ed 0ount#ie 5 and de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie de0/a#ing t"em e/:e in a +o ition to pro/ide inte rated de/elop#ent assistance to Lea t ;e:e/o+ed 2ount#ie to "e/+ in their econo#ic de/elop#ent 3ou/d +#o:ide Duty Free Duota Free 2DFDF5 #ar@et access $o# a// +#odu0t o#iginating $#om a// L;2 ' India i one o$ t"e $i# t de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie to im+/ement ;ILI $o# L;2 t"#oug" ;IT- S0"eme5 announ0ed 1. t"e -#ime &ini te# on 8t" 7+#i/ 2))85 at t"e India-A.rica Foru# "u##it' T"e S0"eme +#o:ide $o# duty .ree #ar@et access on E' 8 o. India1s total tari.. lines to 1e im+/emented o:e# a +e#iod o$ 5 .ea# 3it" 2) +e# 0ent #edu0tion in ea0" .ea# and )ar ins o. Pre.erence 2)OP5 on 4 8 tari.. lines to 1e im+/emented o:e# a +e#iod o$ 5 .ea# 3it" 5 eMua/ 0ut ' DFTP "che#e pro/ides duty .ree and pre.erential #ar@et access on tari.. lines that constitutes 4!6' 8 o. lo$al e-ports o. LDCs6 Im+o#tant +#odu0t o$ eA+o#t inte#e t $o# L;2 0o:e#ed in t"e 0"emeK (94 +e# 0ent o$ India' Ta#i$$ Line , in0/ude 2otton5 2o0oa5 7/uminium o#e 5 2o++e# o#e 5 2a "e3 nut 5 2ane uga#5 #ead.made ga#ment 5 Ii " $i//et and Non-indu t#ia/ diamond ' 7// 49 L;2 5 o$ 3"i0" 33 in 7$#i0a a#e e/igi1/e $o# t"e 0"eme' Aid .or Trade 2AFT5 India' 7id $o# T#ade (7IT, ai#s to help de/elopin countries5 +a#ti0u/a#/. L;2 5 de/elop the traderelated s@ills and in.rastructure' India i 0ont#i1uting to 7$T t"#oug" it Indian Technical and Econo#ic Cooperation 2ITEC5 Pro ra##e unde# t"e &ini t#. o$ EAte#na/ 7$$ai# ' "PECIAL ECONO)IC FONE" 2"EF"5 India 3a one o$ t"e $i# t in 7 ia to #e0ogni*e t"e e$$e0ti:ene o$ t"e EA+o#t -#o0e ing >one (E->, mode/ in +#omoting eA+o#t 5 3it" Asias .irst EPF set up in ?andla in 14('' Se:en mo#e *one 3e#e et u+ t"e#ea$te#' =o3e:e#5 t"e *one 3e#e not a$le to e#er e as e..ecti/e instru#ents $o# eA+o#t +#omotion on a00ount o$ t"e #ultiplicity o. controls and clearancesA t"e a$sence o. 7orld-class in.rastructure5 and an unsta$le .iscal re i#e' D"i/e 0o##e0ting t"e "o#t0oming o$ t"e E-> mode/5 ome ne3 $eatu#e 3e#e in0o#+o#ated in t"e "pecial Econo#ic Fones 2"EFs5 Policy announ0ed in 7+#i/ 2)))' T"i +o/i0. intended to make SE> an engine $o# e0onomi0 g#o3t" u++o#ted 1. Mua/it. in$#a t#u0tu#e 0om+/emented 1. an att#a0ti:e $i 0a/ +a0kage5 1ot" at t"e 2ent#e and t"e State /e:e/5 3it" t"e minimum +o i1/e #egu/ation '
The salient .eatures o. the "EF "che#e areCW 7 de ignated dut. $#ee en0/a:e to 1e t#eated a $o#eign te##ito#. on/. $o# t#ade o+e#ation and dutie and ta#i$$ ' W No /i0en0e #eMui#ed $o# im+o#t' W &anu$a0tu#ing o# e#:i0e a0ti:itie a//o3ed' W SE> unit to 1e +o iti:e net $o#eign eA0"ange ea#ne# 3it"in t"#ee .ea# ' W ;ome ti0 a/e u1?e0t to $u// 0u tom dut. and im+o#t +o/i0. in $o#0e' W Iu// $#eedom $o# u10ont#a0ting' W No #outine eAamination 1. 0u tom aut"o#itie o$ eA+o#tQim+o#t 0a#go' The "EF ActA !33'5 u++o#ted 1. SE> 4u/e 5 ca#e into e..ect on 13th Fe$ruaryA !33( 7ith .eatures In0enti:e and $a0i/itie o$$e#ed to unit in SE> $o# +#omotion o$ in:e tment (in0/uding $o#eign in:e tment , in0/ude - ;ut. $#ee im+o#tQdome ti0 +#o0u#ement o$ good $o# de:e/o+ment5 - F+e#ation and maintenan0e o$ SE> unit 5 - 1)) < In0ome TaA eAem+tion on e-port inco#e $o# SE> unit unde# Se0tion 1)77 o$ t"e In0ome TaA 70t $o# $i# t 5 .ea# 5 - 5) < $o# neAt 5 .ea# t"e#ea$te# and - 5) < o$ t"e plou hed $ac@ e-port pro.it $o# neAt 5 .ea# 5 - EAem+tion $#om 2ent#a/ Sa/e TaA5 - EAem+tion $#om Se#:i0e TaA and - Sing/e 3indo3 0/ea#an0e me0"ani m $o# e ta1/i "ment o$ unit EPF con/erted to "EF @and/a and Su#at (%u?a#at,5 Santa 2#u* (&a"a#a "t#a,5 2o0"in (@e#a/a,5 2"ennai (Tami/ Nadu,5 Ci ak"a+atnam (7nd"#a -#ade ",5 Ia/ta (De t 8enga/, and Noida (6-,' E-ports .ro# the .unctionin "EFs durin last % years Gea# %#o3t" #ate o:e# +#e:iou .ea# 2))7-)8 93< 2))8-)9 5)< 2))9-1) 121< "EFs W Nokia S+e0ia/ E0onomi0 >one in Tami/ Nadu (Te/e0om eMui+ment SE>,' W &a"ind#a 2it. SE>5 Tami/ Nadu (7++a#e/ and $a "ion a00e o#ie 9 ITQ =a#d3a#e9 auto an0i//a#.,' W 7+a0"e SE> (7dida %#ou+, in 7nd"a#a -#ade " (Ioot3ea# SE>,' W &und#a -o#t and S+e0ia/ E0onomi0 >one5 %u?a#at (&u/ti +#odu0t SE>,' W &o e# 8ae# SE>5 Noida5 6tta# -#ade " (SE> $o# Non-0on:entiona/ ene#g. in0/' o/a# ene#g. eMui+ment,' W Di+#o Limited5 7nd"#a -#ade " (IT SE>,' W ;i:iE La1o#ato#ie Limited5 7nd"#a -#ade " (-"a#ma SE>,' W Di+#o Limited5 @a#nataka - 2 SE> in Sa#?a+u# and E/e0t#oni0 2it. (IT SE>,' W 8io0on Limited5 @a#nataka (8iote0" SE>,' W Se#um 8io--"a#ma -a#k5 &a"a#a "t#a (-"a#ma SE>,' W =.de#a1ad %em Limited5 =.de#a1ad (%em and Be3e//e#. SE>,' W &a"a#a "t#a 7i#+o#t ;e:e/o+ment 2o#+o#ation Limited5 &a"a#a "t#a (&u/ti +#odu0t SE>,' W 4e/ian0e Bamnaga# In$#a t#u0tu#e Ltd' (&u/ti -#odu0t,' W Su*/on In$#a t#u0tu#e Ltd' (=i-te0" Enginee#ing -#odu0t and #e/ated e#:i0e ,' W Sa0"in Su#at SE>
Pre.erential Trade A ree#ent 2PTA5 7ith "AC:6 T"e Sout"e#n 7$#i0an 2u tom 6nion (S726, i t"e oldest Custo# :nion o. the 7orld' It 0om+#i e o$ Sout" 7$#i0a5 Le ot"o5 S3a*i/and5 8ot 3ana5 and Nami1ia CECPA >IT+ )A:*ITI:" 2om+#e"en i:e E0onomi0 2oo+e#ation and -a#tne# "i+ 7g#eement (2E2-7, aimed at $oostin $ilateral tradeA in/est#ent and eneral econo#ic cooperation6 Focus A.rica Pro ra##e - /aun0"ed to 3iden and dee+en IndiaE t#ade 3it" 7$#i0a T"e %o:e#nment eAtend a i tan0e to eA+o#te# and EA+o#t -#omotion 2oun0i/ et0' to :i it 0ount#ie in 7$#i0a and o#gani*e t#ade $ai# and a/ o +on o# 7$#i0an t#ade de/egation to :i it India' I. oil is .actored outA India enGoys a positi/e trade $alance 7ith A.rica6 ))TC 2)etals H )inerals Tradin Corporation o. India Ltd5 &&T2 Limited i Indias lar est tradin co#pany- iA 0on e0uti:e .ea# ' It i t"e /a#ge t eA+o#te# o$ &ine#a/ and F#e $#om India5 /eading eA+o#te#Q im+o#te# o$ 7g#o 2ommoditie 5 ing/e /a#ge t im+o#te#Q u++/ie# o$ 8u//ion5 a ma?o# +/a.e# in t"e 2oa/ and =.d#o0a#1on and Non-Ie##ou &eta/ im+o#t 1. t"e 0ount#. and one o$ t"e IndiaE /a#ge t 1u.e# o$ Iini "ed Ie#ti/i*e# and Ie#ti/i*e# 4a3 &ate#ia/ ' Neelachal Ispat Ni a# Ltd6 2NINL5 -an I#on and Stee/ -/ant i 1een et u+ 1. &&T2 ?oint/. 3it" %o:t o$ F#i a' &&T2 +#omoted &&T2 T#an nationa/ -te' Ltd 2)TPL55 a 3"o//. o3ned $o#eign u1 idia#. unde# t"e /a3 o$ Singa+o#e in 1994 to en"an0e it +#e en0e in Sout" and Sout" Ea t 7 ian 0ount#ie ' )TPL i a3a#ded I0lo$al TraderJ 1. Inte#nationa/ Ente#+#i e5 Singa+o#e in 2)))' &T-L a0"ie:ed in 2))9-1) e0ond e:e# 1u ine tu#no:e# and e0ond "ig"e t +#o$it a$te# taA in0e in0e+tion &&T2 et u+ o$ a 2ommodit. EA0"ange (3"i0" "a 0ommen0ed it o+e#ation in No:em1e#5 2))9,5 &&T2 et u+ a 2u##en0. EA0"ange (3"i0" "a 0ommen0ed it o+e#ation in Se+tem1e#5 2)1), and +utting u+ a %o/dQSi/:e# &eda//ion manu$a0tu#ing unit I"anchiJ i/:e#3a#e i a "ome g#o3n 1#and o$ &&T2 &&T2 "a a/ o 1een a//otted a 0oa/ mine in B"a#k"and &&T2 i a #e#$er o$ a 0on o#tium 3"i0" "a 0on t#u0ted per#anent Iron Ore Loadin $erth at Enno#e &&T2 i a/ o partner in anot"e# 0on o#tium5 3"i0" "a 1een a3a#ded t"e +#o?e0t $o# 0on t#u0tion o$ a deep dra.t iron ore $erth at -a#adi+ +o#t Set u+ $#ee t#ade and 7arehousin *one at =a/dia and @and/a' &&T2 "a ente#ed into 0/ean +o3e# e0to# t"at i en:i#onment and e0o-$#iend/. 1. etting u+ and o+e#ating a 15 &D Dind -o3e# $a#m in @a#nataka in0e 2))7' Trade and In/est#ent relations 7ith E: India "a ag#eement $o# in:e tment and +#omotion Q+#ote0tion 3it" 22 0ount#ie o$ Eu#o+e5 in0/uding 17 0ount#ie o$ E6' Simi/a#/.5 ag#eement $o# a:oidan0e o$ dou1/e taAation eAi t 3it" 26 0ount#ie in E6' "tate Tradin Corporation o. India Ltd 2"TC5 T"e State T#ading 2o#+o#ation o$ India Ltd' (ST2, i a +#emie# inte#nationa/ t#ading 0om+an. engaged in eA+o#t 5 im+o#t and dome ti0 t#ade $o# o:e# $i:e de0ade ' T"e 2o#+o#ation "a +/a.ed a ke. #o/e in t"e Indian e0onom.' It has acted as an ar# o. the 0o/ern#ent o. India not only to re ulate .orei n trade $ut also .or inter/ention in the do#estic #ar@et6 0oI holds appro-i#ately 41 8 eBuity and the rest 4 8 is held $y #utual .undsA .inancial institutions and pu$lic6 "TC has a 7holly o7ned su$sidiaryA na#elyA "TCL Ltd6A 7hich is $ased at Ben aluru and is en a ed in spices tradin Kauctions6 T#aditiona//.5 t"e 2o#+o#ation "ad 1een unde#taking t#ade in item /ike #i0e5 3"eat5 0a to# oi/Q eed5 tea5 ?ute5 good 5 +i0e 5 uga#5 +u/ e 5 /ig"t enginee#ing good 5 0on t#u0tion mate#ia/ 5 0on ume# good 5 +o#t good 5 +#o0e ed $ood 5 ma#ine +#odu0t 5 teAti/e 5 ga#ment 5 /eat"e# 3a#e5 edi1/e5 oi/ 5 et0' ST2 "a di:e# i$ied into man. ne3 a#ea u0" a eA+o#t o$ tee/ #a3 mate#ia/ 5 i#on o#e5 0"emi0a/ 5 go/d
?e3e//e#. and im+o#t o$ 1u//ion5 ".d#o0a#1on 5 mine#a/ 5 meta/ 5 $e#ti/i*e# 5 +et#o0"emi0a/ 5 et0' 7t time 5 "TC also underta@es $ul@ i#ports o. essential ite#s o. #ass consu#ption e'g' 3"eat5 +u/ e 5 edi1/e oi/ 5 uga#5 et0' on $ehal. o. the 0o/ern#ent o. India to #eet do#estic shorta es ' T"e 0o#+o#ation a##ange im+o#t o$ 0#u0ia/ mate#ia/ a and 3"en needed 1. t"e Indian indu t#.' It underta@es i#port o. technical and security eBuip#ent on $ehal. o. Forensic "cience La$oratoriesA "tate Police and Intelli ence Depart#ents and Para#ilitary Or aniLations a ainst speci.ic reBuests6 T"e 2o#+o#ation a/ o #onitors counter tradeKo..-set co##it#ents a ainst $ul@ purchases #ade $y the 0o/ern#ent o. India' Fn dome ti0 $#ont5 t"e 2o#+o#ation main/. unde#take a/e o$ ".d#o0a#1on 5 mine#a/ 5 meta/ 5 +et#o0"emi0a/ 5 tea5 +u/ e and ?ute' Toda.5 ST2 i kno3n a a t#u t3o#t". 1u.e# and u++/ie# in t"e inte#nationa/ ma#ket and i an idea/ +a#tne# $o# t#u0tu#ing an. t#ade t#an a0tion a +e# t"e +e0i$i0 #eMui#ement o$ it 0/ient ' For the .irst ti#eA the Corporation undertoo@ e-port o. lu$ricant oils to )yan#ar6 It $u#t"e# t#engt"ened it u++/. 1a e $o# tea o a to eme#ge a a /a#ge# +/a.e# in t"e 0oming .ea# ' Edi$le oils and pulses 7ere supplied to the "tate 0o/ern#ents .or sale under PD" co/erin 7ea@er sections o. the society6 "TC has $een ran@ed - 2nd among t#ading 0om+anie o$ t"e 0ount#. a00o#ding to a Su#:e. 1. ;un and 8#ad t#eet5 - 2nd in te#m o$ a/e to a et #atio among u+e# 1)) 0om+anie 1. 8u ine India (;e0' 135 2))9,5 - 14t" in te#m o$ net a/e among 2)4 -S6 a +e# -u1/i0 Ente#+#i e Su#:e. K 2))8-)9 1#oug"t out 1. ;e+a#tment o$ -u1/i0 Ente#+#i e 5 - 22nd in te#m o$ net a/e among to+ 5)) 0om+anie 1. t"e Iinan0ia/ EA+#e (Ie1 2)1), and - 25t" in te#m o$ net a/e among to+ 1))) 0om+anie 1. 8u ine Standa#d (Ie1' 2)1),' "TC has also 7on Asias Best E#ployer Brand A7ard !313 .or Talent )ana e#ent6 PEC 2ProGect H EBuip#ent Corporation o. India5 -E2 Ltd' 3a in0o#+o#ated in 7+#i/5 1971 a a -u1/i0 Se0to# 6nde#taking unde# &ini t#. o$ 2omme#0e and Indu t#.5 %o:e#nment o$ India' T"e 0om+an. i engaged in e-port o. en ineerin eBuip#ent and proGects specially .ro# s#all and #ediu# enterprises 5 1e ide eA+o#t and im+o#t o$ 1u/k item :i*' ag#o 0ommoditie 5 edi1/e oi/5 1u//ion5 indu t#ia/ #a3 mate#ia/ 5 dome ti0 t#ade5 et0' -E2 i one o$ t"e +ionee#ing ente#+#i e +#o:iding e#:i0e in t"e $ie/d o$ eA+o#t o$ +#o?e0t 5 eMui+ment5 0a+ita/ good 5 ag#i0u/tu#a/ 0ommoditie 5 im+o#t and dome ti0 t#ading o$ ag#i0u/tu#a/ 0ommoditie 5 indu t#ia/ #a3 mate#ia/ and im+o#t o$ 1u//ion' The scope o. PECs $usiness acti/ity co/ers not only e-port and i#port $ut also structurin o. "pecial Tradin Arran e#entsA counter trade transactionsA third country tradin and do#estic #ar@etin 6 PEC continues to achie/e hi h producti/ity in ter#s o. sales turno/er per e#ployee6 -E2 #e0ei:ed &e#it 2e#ti$i0ate $o# eA0e//en0e in t"e a0"ie:ement o$ &F6 $o# t"e .ea# 2))6-)7 and 2))7)8' -E2 "a 1een #ated NNEA0e//entEE in t"e a0"ie:ement o$ ta#get $o# t"e .ea# 2))8-)9' -E2 eA+e0t to 1e #ated NNEA0e//entEE $o# t"e .ea# 2))9-1) a/ o' Chapter E - Co##unications and In.or#ation Technolo y 2F&&6NI27TIFN and In$o#mation Te0"no/og. in t"e 0ount#. i "and/ed 1. t"e &ini t#. o$ 2ommuni0ation and In$o#mation Te0"no/og. at t"e 2ent#e' T"e &ini t#. 0ontain t"#ee de+a#tment name/.K W ;e+a#tment o$ -o t W ;e+a#tment o$ Te/e0ommuni0ation and W ;e+a#tment o$ In$o#mation Te0"no/og.
PO"T" T"e +o ta/ . tem i e ta1/i "ed 1. 4o1e#t 2/i:e in t"e .ea# 1766 and 3a $u#t"e# de:e/o+ed 1. Da##en =a ting 1. e ta1/i "ing t"e Calcutta 06P6O6 unde# a -o tma te# %ene#a/ in t"e .ea# 1,,96
In t"e ot"e# -#e iden0ie o$ )adras and Bo#$ay5 t"e %ene#a/ -o t F$$i0e 0ame into eAi ten0e in 1,E( and 1,4% #e +e0ti:e/.' T"e 70t o$ 1837 $i# t #egu/ated t"e -o t F$$i0e on a uni$o#m 1a i to unite t"e +o t o$$i0e o#gani*ation t"#oug"out t"e t"#ee -#e iden0ie into one a//-India Se#:i0e' T"e -o t F$$i0e 70t o$ 1854 #e$o#med t"e enti#e $a1#i0 o$ t"e -o ta/ . tem5 and t"e -o t F$$i0e o$ India 3a +/a0ed on t"e +#e ent admini t#ati:e $ooting 154 .ea# ago on 1 F0to1e# 1854' T"e tatute +#e ent/. go:e#ning t"e +o ta/ e#:i0e in t"e 0ount#. i t"e Indian -o t F$$i0e 70t5 1898' 8e ide +#o:iding +o ta/ 0ommuni0ation $a0i/itie 5 t"e +o t o$$i0e net3o#k "a a/ o +#o:ided .acilities $o# re#ittance o. .undsA $an@in and insurance ser/ices India "a t"e /a#ge t -o ta/ Net3o#k in t"e 3o#/d' T"e +o ta/ net3o#k 0on i t o$ t"#ee 0atego#ie o$ +o t o$$i0e 5 -+ead Post O..ices -"u$-Post O..ices and -E-tra Depart#ental Branch Post O..ices6 T"e#e i su$sidy o$ E' per cent o$ t"e 0o t $o# o+ening +o t o$$i0e in #u#a/ a#ea 5 in "i//.5 t#i1a/5 de e#t and ina00e i1/e a#ea 5 and (, per cent o$ t"e 0o t in nor#al rural areas6 In addition to -o t F$$i0e 5 1a i0 -o ta/ $a0i/itie a#e a/ o o$$e#ed t"#oug" i, I#an0"i ee Fut/et and ii, -an0"a.at San0"a# Se:a @end#a ' -I#an0"i e Fut/et a#e o+ened in ur$an areas 3"e#e it i not +o i1/e to o+en a #egu/a# -o t F$$i0e' In t"i 0"eme5 on/. speci.ied counter ser/ices are .ranchised5 3"e#ea trans#ission and deli/ery o. #ails a/ong 3it" s#all sa/in s sche#e i not .ranchised6 --an0"a.at San0"a# Se:a @end#a a#e o+ened in /illa es 3"e#e -o t F$$i0e do not eAi t' T"e 0"eme i i#ple#ented 1. 0ra# Panchayats t"#oug" an agent a++ointed 1. t"em' 7 +a#t o$ t"e 11t" Ii:e Gea# -/an5 t"e ;e+a#tment "a unde#taken ne3 initiati:e to t#eam/ine 0o#e mai/ o+e#ation and im+#o:e t"e Mua/it. o$ mai/ #e/ated e#:i0e ' T"e e e$$o#t in0/udeK (i) Setting up of Automatic Mail Processing Centres (AMPCs): T"i 0"eme eek to eA+edite o#ting o$ mai/ 1. me0"an*ing t"e mai/ +#o0e ing 0a+a0it. in t"e ma?o# met#o 0itie 5 u0" a ;e/"i5 &um1ai5 2"ennai5 @o/kata5 8anga/u#u and =.de#a1ad' T"e en"an0ed 0a+a0it. o$ mai/ o$$i0e to "and/e /a#ge# mai/ :o/ume in a "o#te# time +an i eA+e0ted to #e u/t in $a te# +#o0e ing o$ mai/ and in0#ea ed +#odu0ti:it.' (ii) Induction of Freighter Aircraft: To #edu0e t#an mi ion un0e#tainitie in t"e No#t" Ea t #egion to en u#e t"e Mui0ke t +o i1/e t#an mi ion mai/ 1et3een t"e NE #egion and #e t o$ t"e 0ount#.' T"e ai#0#a$t o+e#ate on @o/kata%u3a"ati-Im+"a/-7ga#ta/a-@o/kata #oute' (iii) Setting up of Mail Business Centres (MBCs): To t#an $o#m mai/ o$$i0e into &82 t"#oug" #ationa/i*ation o$ eAi ting mai/ net3o#k5 +#o0e #e-de ign5 indu0tion o$ te0"no/og.5 and #e:ie3 o$ t"e eAi ting o#ting5 t#an mi ion and de/i:e#. . tem' (iv) Induction of RFI (Radio-)re7uen#y identi)i#ation) technolog! in Mail Processing: T"e ;e+a#tment o$ -o t "a +/anned to int#odu0e 4II; te0"no/og. in mai/ +#o0e ing at im+o#tant 0ent#e to +ut in +/a0e an end-to-end t#a0king $o# S+eed -o t mai/' T"e . tem 3ou/d a/ o "e/+ in identi$.ing de/a.5 id/e time5 mi - o#ting and mi #outing o$ mai/ 1ag in t"e mai/ "and/ing 0"ain' (v) Pu"licit! of PI# Code: -IN 2F;E "e/+ in $a te# +#o0e ing o$ mai/ (3"i0" i 1a ed on -IN 2ode 3i e o#ting,5 and in tu#n5 /eading to $a te# de/i:e#. to t"e add#e ee' In o#de# to in0#ea e t"e u age o$ -IN 2ode 5 t"e ;e+a#tment "a unde#taken +u1/i0it. 0am+aign t"#oug" +#int and e/e0t#oni0 media to +o+u/a#i*e t"e u e o$ -IN 2ode' India i a mem1e# o$ t"e 6ni:e# a/ -o ta/ 6nion (6-6, since 1E,( and o$ t"e 7 ian -a0i$i0 -o ta/ 6nion (7--6, since 14(96 T"e e o#gani*ation ai# at eAtending5 $a0i/itating and im+#o:ing +o ta/ #e/ation among ot"e# 0ount#ie ' )oney can $e re#itted .ro# selected .orei n countries to India $y 7ay o. #oney orders 2only in7ard ser/ice5' India "a mone. o#de# e#:i0e 3it" 27 0ount#ie ' India has t7o 7ay #oney order
ser/ice 7ith Bhutan and Nepal5 3"e#ein mone. o#de# 0an 1e ent to and #e0ei:ed $#om t"e e 0ount#ie ' T"e de+a#tment "a int#odu0ed an e/e0t#oni0 Inte#nationa/ &one. F#de# e#:i0e (In3a#d, t"#oug" International Financial "yste# "o.t7are de:e/o+ed 1. :ni/ersal Postal :nion 2:P:5 to +#o:ide $a t5 #e/ia1/e e$$i0ient and u+-to-date #emittan0e e#:i0e to t"e 0u tome# ' Inte#nationa/ E&S5 3"i0" ta#ted in 1986 3it" 5 0ount#ie 5 "a no3 1een eAtended to 98 0ount#ie ' Dit" a :ie3 to $a0i/itate eA+o#t and im+o#t to and $#om $o#eign de tination 5 +#in0i+a/ $o#eign o$$i0e o$ eA0"ange "a:e 1een et u+ at &um1ai5 @o/kata5 2"ennai and ;e/"i' P*OMECT A**O> T"e ;e+a#tment o$ -o t "a /aun0"ed NN-#o?e0t 7##o3EE to #e:ita/i*e it 0o#e o+e#ation and to +#o:ide ne3 te0"no/og. ena1/ed e#:i0e to t"e 0ommon man' T"e o$Gecti/e o$ t"e 0"eme i to gi:e a ne3 out/ook to +o t o$$i0e 1. mode#ni*ing eAte#io# and inte#io# de ign o$ t"e -o t F$$i0e5 u+g#ading in$#a t#u0tu#e and en"an0ing 0o#e o+e#ation in0/uding IT ena1/ed e#:i0e and +#o0e e ' -#o?e0t a##o3 -F - aut"o#i*ed to a0t a 2ent#a/ 7 i tant -u1/i0 In$o#mation F$$i0e# (27-IF , -0iti*en 0"a#te# B:"INE"" DE;ELOP)ENT ACTI;ITIE" Speed Post8 /ette# 5 do0ument and +a#0e/ a#e de/i:e#ed 3it"in a gi:en time $#ame $ai/ing 3"i0" $u// #e$und o$ +o tage i gi:en to t"e 0u tome#' Business Post8 in o#de# to meet +e0i$i0 need o$ 1u/k 0u tome# $o# +#e-mai/ing a0ti:itie ' It +#o:ide :a/ue addition to a// t#aditiona/ e#:i0e o$$e#ed 1. t"e -o t in t"e $o#m o$ 0o//e0tion5 in e#tion5 add#e ing5 ea/ing5 $#anking et0' 4e0ent/.5 +#inting o$ 1i// 5 $inan0ia/ tatement 5 mai/e# et0' "a:e a/ o 1een in0/uded among t"e +#emai/ing e#:i0e eAtended to 0u tome# unde# 8u ine -o t' Bill Mail Service 8 to +#o:ide a 0o t e$$e0ti:e o/ution $o# mai/ing o$ +e#iodi0 0ommuni0ation in t"e natu#e o$ $inan0ia/ tatement5 1i// 5 mont"/. a00ount 1i// o# ot"e# item o$ imi/a# natu#e5 3"i0" ma. 1e +o ted 1. e#:i0e +#o:ide# to t"ei# 0u tome# ' 7 National Bill )ail "er/ice 3a /aun0"ed in Ie1#ua#. 2))5 t"at a//o3 8i// &ai/ Se#:i0e item meant $o# out tation de tination a/ o to 1e 1und/ed in +a0kage5 3"i0" 0an 1e ent to de tination 0itie a S+eed -o t' EA+#e -a#0e/ -o t et0' a#ti0/e5 on +a.ment 1. t"e ende#' T"e indi:idua/ 1i// in t"e +a0kage a#e 0"a#ged on/. at Lo0a/ 8i// &ai/ Se#:i0e #ate ' $%press Parcel Post8 T"e EA+#e -a#0e/ -o t eek to +#o:ide a #e/ia1/e and time 1ound +a#0e/ e#:i0e t"#oug" u#$a0e t#an +o#t' It +#o:ide doo#-to-doo# de/i:e#. and C-- e#:i0e u+ to 4 5)5))) to 0ate# to 0o#+o#ate u e# and 1u ine e ta1/i "ment on 0ont#a0tua/ 1a i ' &ogistics Post8 Logi ti0 -o t i de igned to 0a##. 0on ignment $#om +oint to +oint 3it"out an. maAimum /imit' Ca/ue added e#:i0e /ike +i0k-u+5 de/i:e#.5 t#a0k and t#a0e a#e a/ o 1eing +#o:ided unde# Logi ti0 -o t' Media Post8 to "e/+ t"e 0o#+o#ate and go:e#nment o#gani*ation #ea0" +otentia/ 0u tome# ' 6nde# t"i $a0i/it.5 0u tome# 0an u e t"e $o//o3ing o+tion $o# t"ei# 1#anding eAe#0i eK (a, 7d:e#ti ement on -o t 0a#d 5 In/and Lette# 2a#d 5 7e#og#am and ot"e# -o ta/ Statione#.' (1, S+a0e +on o# "i+ o+tion on /ette#-1oAe ' irect Post: to dea/ 3it" de/i:e#. o$ un-add#e ed mai/ to t"e doo# te+ o$ t"e ta#get +o+u/ation' 7 ne3 ;i#e0t -o t :a/ue addition "a a/ o 1een int#odu0ed $#om 18 7+#i/ 2))65 a//o3ing ad:e#ti ing mai/ to 1e 0om1ined 3it" t#an a0tion mai/ /ike 1i// et0' e'Post: to ena1/e +eo+/e to end and #e0ei:e me age o# 0anned image t"#oug" e-mai/ in a// +o t o$$i0e in t"e 0ount#.' -eo+/e 3"o 3ou/d not no#ma//. "a:e a00e to inte#net a#e a1/e to end and #e0ei:e e-mai/ me age 3it"out +o e ing an e-mai/ I;5 t"e#e1. 1#idging t"e digita/ di:ide' To make it u e$u/ $o# 1u ine a/ o5 a 0o#+o#ate :e# ion o$ e-+o t 3a a/ o /aun0"ed on 18 F0to1e# 2))55 3"i0" a//o3 imu/taneou ending o$ e-+o t to a maAimum o$ 9999 add#e e ' e'Bill Posts : 7 ne3 e#:i0e5 0a//ed e-1i// -o t "a 1een /aun0"ed 1. t"e ;e+a#tment a one o$ t"e te0"no/og. ena1/ed e#:i0e $o# t"e 0u tome# ' -#e ent/. t"i e#:i0e i a:ai/a1/e at 8anga/u#u and @o/kata and i /ike/. to ta#t in ot"e# 0itie :e#. oon' T"i "a 1een de igned kee+ing in :ie3 t"e #eMui#ement o$ t"e 0/ient ' T"e e#:i0e i u e$u/ $o# +a.ment o$ e/e0t#i0it.5 te/e+"one5 mo1i/e5 3ate# and
ot"e# kind o$ 1i// Q due at t"e -o t F$$i0e 0ounte# 1. t"e u e# ' T"e u e# 0an go to a nea#1. -o t F$$i0e and +a. t"ei# uti/it. 1i// ' Philately 2ommemo#ati:e +o tage tam+ 5 miniatu#e "eet 5 $i# t da. 0o:e# 5 in$o#mation 1#o0"u#e 5 +o t 0a#d and maAim 0a#d et0' India -o t o#gani*ed an Inte#nationa/ -"i/ate/i0 EA"i1ition5 Indi+eA 2)11 in IT-F5 Ne3 ;e/"i Ie1 FINANCIAL "E*;ICE" PO"T OFFICE "A;IN0" BAN? 2PO"B5 7t +#e ent5 t"e 0"eme 1eing o+e#ated t"#oug" -FS8 a#e a $o//o3 (i, Sa:ing 700ount S0"eme (ii, 4e0u##ing ;e+o it S0"eme (iii, Time ;e+o it S0"eme (1 Gea#5 2 Gea#5 3 Gea# H 5 Gea# , (i:, &ont"/. In0ome S0"eme (:, -u1/i0 -#o:ident Iund S0"eme (:i, @i an Cika -at#a S0"eme (no3 #emo:ed, (:ii, Nationa/ Sa:ing 2e#ti$i0ate (CIII I ue, (:iii, Senio# 2iti*enE Sa:ing S0"eme 2))4 )ONE= O*DE* 7 NN&one. F#de#EE i an o#de# i ued 1. t"e -o t F$$i0e $o# t"e +a.ment o$ a um o$ mone. t"#oug" t"e agen0. o$ t"e -o t F$$i0e' T"e amount $o# 3"i0" a ing/e mone. o#de# ma. 1e i ued mu t not eA0eed 4 5)))Q-' OT+E* FINANCIAL "E*;ICE" 2i5 International )oney Trans.er "er/ice i o+e#ated in a o0iation 3it" >estern :nion Financial "er/ices International5 +#o:ide t"e 0u tome# t"e $a0i/it. o$ #e0ei:ing #emittan0e $#om a1#oad' &F Cide " e#:i0e - $o# in3a#d and out3a#d inte#nationa/ mone. #emittan0e ' 2ii5 Instant )oney Order 2I)O5 T"i e#:i0e ena1/e t"e 0u tome# to #e0ei:e mone. in minute $#om an. o$ t"e +o t o$$i0e +#o:iding I&F e#:i0e' 6nde# t"i e#:i0e5 a +e# on 0an end amount $#om 4 1)))Q- u+ to 4 5)5)))Q- in one t#an a0tion' &one. 3i// 1e di 1u# ed to t"e +a.ee at an. o$ t"e I&F -o t F$$i0e in India ot"e# t"an t"e o$$i0e o$ 1ooking on +#e entation o$ 16 digit I&F num1e# and +"oto identit. +#oo$' 2i/5 *etailin o. )utual Funds and Bonds6 T"e ;e+a#tment i #etai/ing e/e0t mutua/ $und +#odu0t o$ :TI )utual Funds and pension products o. ICICI Prudential 2/5 Accidental Death Insurance Co/er to PO"B account holders ;e+a#tment o$ -o t in a tie u+ 3it" Oriental Insurance Co#pany Li#ited 2OIC5 i +#o:iding 700identa/ ;eat" In u#an0e $o# S8Q&ISQS2SS a00ount "o/de# on #eMue t 1a i ' T"i 0"eme +#o:ide 700identa/ ;eat" In u#an0e 0o:e# $o# one .ea# o$ 4 1 /ak" at a /o3 +#emium o$ 4 15Q- $o# t"e enti#e .ea#' It i :e#. att#a0ti:e to -o t F$$i0e Sa:ing 8ank 0u tome# e +e0ia//. in #u#a/ and #emote a#ea 5 a mo t o$ t"em do not "a:e an. #i k 0o:e# 3"at oe:e#' 2/ii5 E-)oney Order E/e0t#oni0 &one. F#de# i a . tem t"at $a0i/itate #emittan0e o$ &F e/e0t#oni0a//.5 $o# 3"i0" +o t o$$i0e "ou/d "a:e 0onne0ti:it. 1. D7NQ8#oad1and' 2/iii5 EC" sche#e T"e E/e0t#oni0 2/ea#ing Se#:i0e i 1eing o$$e#ed in t"e ;e+a#tment o$ -o t at a// t"e 15 /o0ation o$ 48I and 21 /o0ation o$ State 8ank o$ India in 0onne0tion 3it" +a.ment o$ mont"/. inte#e t unde# NN&ont"/. In0ome S0"emeEE (&IS,' Dis$ures#ent o. N*E0" >a es T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ &%N4E%7 i to +#o:ide $o# t"e en"an0ement o$ /i:e/i"ood e0u#it. o$ t"e "ou e"o/d in #u#a/ a#ea o$ t"e 2ount#. 1. +#o:iding at /ea t one "und#ed da. o$ gua#anteed 3age em+/o.ment in e:e#. $inan0ia/ .ea# to e:e#. "ou e"o/d 3"o e adu/t mem1e# :o/untee# to do un ki//ed manua/ 3o#k' PO"TAL LIFE IN":*ANCE
-o ta/ Li$e In u#an0e (-LI, 3a int#odu0ed in 1884 a a 3e/$a#e mea u#e $o# -o ta/ em+/o.ee ' It 3a eAtended to t"e em+/o.ee o$ 2ent#a/Q State %o:e#nment -S6 5 6ni:e# itie 5 %o:e#nment-aided in titute 5 nationa/i*ed 1ank 5 $inan0ia/ in titution and %#amin ;ak Se:ak o$ t"e -o ta/ ;e+a#tment and ;e$en0e and -a#ami/ita#. -e# ona/' PLI o..ers se/en insurance sche#es5 name/.5 (1, Su#ak "a (D"o/e Li$e 7 u#an0e,9 (2, Su:id"a (2on:e#ti1/e D"o/e Li$e 7 u#an0e,9 (3, Santo " (Endo3ment 7 u#an0e,9 (4, Sumanga/ (7nti0i+ated Endo3ment 7 u#an0e,9 (5, Guga/ Su#ak "a (Boint Li$e Endo3ment 7 u#an0e $o# 0ou+/e,9 (6, 2"i/d#en -o/i0.9 (7, =andi0a++ed -o/i0.' Da% +da%ats a#e e ta1/i "ed $o# on t"e +ot ett/ement o$ g#ie:an0e and -o t Io#um $o# +a#ti0i+ati:e in:o/:ement o$ t"e 0u tome# $o# $eed1a0k' India -o t "a o1tained IS 157))K2))5 2e#ti$i0ation $o# im+/ementing NNSe:ottam - a e#:i0e de/i:e#. eA0e//en0e mode/EE TELECO)):NICATION" In0ome o$ 1u ine entitie and "ou e"o/d in0#ea e 1. t"e u e o$ te/e0om e#:i0e ' T"u 5 it 0ont#i1ute to t"e g#o3t" in %;-' T"e Te/e0ommuni0ation e#:i0e 3e#e int#odu0ed in India oon a$te# t"e in:ention o$ te/eg#a+" and te/e+"one' T"e $i# t Te/eg#a+" /ine 1et3een @o/kata and ;iamond =a#1ou# 3a o+ened $o# t#a$$i0 in 1851' 8. &a#0" 18845 tele raph #essa es 0ou/d 1e ent $#om 7g#a to @o/kata' 8. 19))5 tele raph and telephone "ad ta#ted e#:ing Indian 4ai/3a. ' 7 in t"e 0a e o$ te/eg#a+"5 te/e+"one e#:i0e 3a a/ o int#odu0ed in @o/kata in 1881-825 1a#e/. iA .ea# a$te# t"e in:ention o$ te/e+"one' T"e $i# t automati0 eA0"ange 3a 0ommi ioned at S"im/a in 1913-14 3it" a 0a+a0it. o$ 7)) /ine ' T"e Indian te/e0ommuni0ation net3o#k i t"e e0ond /a#ge t in t"e 3o#/d' India "a t"e 2nd /a#ge t 3i#e/e net3o#k in t"e 3o#/d' Teleco# is the t"i#d #aGor sector attractin I;I in$/o3 a$te# ser/ices and co#puter so.t7are e0to#' 7t +#e ent 74 +e# 0ent to 1)) +e# 0ent I;I i +e#mitted $o# :a#iou te/e0om e#:i0e ' &o1i/e num1e# +o#ta1i/it. (&N-, a//o3 an. u1 0#i1e# to 0"ange "i e#:i0e +#o:ide# 3it"out 0"anging "i mo1i/e +"one num1e#' TELECO) CO))I""ION T"e Te/e0om 2ommi ion 3a et u+ 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in 1989 3it" admini t#ati:e and $inan0ia/ +o3e# o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India to dea/ 3it" :a#iou a +e0t o$ Te/e0ommuni0ation ' T"e ma?o# .unctions o. the Teleco# Co##ission in0/ude +o/i0. $o#mu/ation5 #e:ie3 o$ +e#$o#man0e5 /i0en ing5 3i#e/e +e0t#um management5 admini t#ati:e monito#ing o$ -S6 5 #e ea#0" and de:e/o+ment5 tanda#di*ationQ:a/idation o$ eMui+ment and Inte#nationa/ 4e/ation ' *ole o. Depart#ent o. Teleco##uniations T"e ;e+a#tment o$ Te/e0ommuni0ation (;oT, i #e +on i1/e $o# +o/i0. $o#mu/ation5 +e#$o#man0e #e:ie35 monito#ing5 inte#nationa/ 0oo+e#ation5 4e ea#0" H ;e:e/o+ment and g#ant o$ /i0en0e to o+e#ato# $o# +#o:iding 1a i0 and :a/ue added e#:i0e in :a#iou 0itie and te/e0om 0i#0/e a +e# a++#o:ed +o/i0. o$ t"e %o:e#nment' T"e ;e+a#tment a/ o a//o0ate $#eMuen0. and manage #adio 0ommuni0ation in 0/o e 0oo#dination 3it" t"e Inte#nationa/ 1odie ' It i a/ o #e +on i1/e $o# en$o#0ing 3i#e/e #egu/ato#. mea u#e and monito#ing t"e 3i#e/e t#an mi ion o$ a// u e# in t"e 0ount#.' The central ai# o. National Teleco# Policy 2NTP5 44 to ensure rapid e-pansion o. tele-density :NI;E*"AL "E*;ICE OBLI0ATION 2:"O5 F:ND T"e 6SF Iund 3a e ta1/i "ed 3it" t"e $undamenta/ o$Gecti/e o$ +#o:iding a00e to N8a i0E te/eg#a+" e#:i0e to +eo+/e in t"e #u#a/ and #emote a#ea at a$$o#da1/e and #ea ona1/e +#i0e ' T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment ma. a/ o gi:e g#ant and /oan ' T"e 1a/an0e to t"e 0#edit o$ t"e Iund doe not /a+ e at t"e end o$ t"e $inan0ia/ .ea#' Credits to the Fund are $ein #ade throu h Parlia#entary appro/als6 *E0:LATO*= F*A)E>O*?
Te/e0om 4egu/ato#. 7ut"o#it. o$ India (T47I,5 t"e inde+endent #egu/ato# 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1997' - to i ue di#e0tion and #egu/ation to de:e/o+ te/e0om e0to# ( 1. +#omoting "ea/t". 0om+etition and en"an0ing in:e tment e$$i0ien0.,' - to +#ote0t t"e inte#e t o$ 0on ume# ' The Teleco# Disputes "ettle#ent H Appellate Tri$unal 2TD"AT5 3a 0#eated in t"e .ea# 2))) 1. t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment unde# t"e T47I 70t5 1997 to ett/e and ad?udi0ate di +ute in:o/:ing /i0en o#5 e#:i0e +#o:ide# and a g#ou+ o$ 0on ume# on te/e0ommuni0ation e#:i0e ' In Banua#.5 2))4 t"e ?u#i di0tion o$ T;S7T 3a eAtended to in0/ude 1#oad0a ting and 0a1/e e#:i0e 1e ide te/e0ommuni0ation e#:i0e ' T;S7T eAe#0i e a++e//ate ?u#i di0tion o:e# #egu/ation 5 dete#mination 5 o#de# and di#e0tion o$ t"e T47I' It a/ o eAe#0i e o#igina/ ?u#i di0tion' T"e ?u#i di0tion o$ T;S7T i eA0/u i:e and it o#de# 0an 1e 0"a//enged 1e$o#e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India on +oint o$ /a3 on/.' Statuto#. a++ea/ doe not /ie again t t"e inte#im o#de# o$ T;S7T' T;S7T i an eA+e#t 1od. and 0om+#i e a 2"ai#+e# on and t3o &em1e# ' T"e 2"ai#+e# on "a++en to 1e a #eti#ed Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India 3"i/e t3o &em1e# a#e t"e eA+e#t in t"e $ie/d o$ admini t#ationQ te/e0ommuni0ation ' T;S7T i not 1ound 1. t"e +#o:i ion o$ 2i:i/ -#o0edu#e 2ode' It "a $o#mu/ated it o3n -#o0edu#e (T;S7T -#o0edu#e 2))5, 3"i0" i im+/e and i 1a ed on t"e +#in0i+/e o$ natu#a/ ?u ti0e6 TELECO) P":s &TNL and 8SNL a#e t"e t3o +#emie# -S6 unde# t"e ;e+a#tment t"at "a:e t"#i:ed to #eet the ro7in reBuire#ents o. telephones and other related ser/ice6 )TNL5 3"i0" 3a et u+ in 1986 main/. to eA+and t"e Mua/it. te/e0om net3o#k and to #ai e #e:enue $o# de:e/o+ing te/e0ommuni0ation $a0i/itie in IndiaE ke. #etros-;e/"i and &um1ai 8SNL $o#med in F0to1e#5 2)))5 i t"e Do#/dE 7t" /a#ge t Te/e0ommuni0ation 2om+an. Indian Telephone Industries 2ITI5 LI)ITED ITI Limited i IndiaE +ionee#ing :entu#e in t"e $ie/d o$ te/e0ommuni0ation in0e 1948' ITI o$$e# a 0om+/ete #ange o$ te/e0om +#odu0t and tota/ o/ution 0o:e#ing t"e 3"o/e +e0t#um o$ S3it0"ing5 T#an mi ion5 700e and Su1 0#i1e# -#emi e eMui+ment'ITI i one o$ t"e agen0ie e/e0ted $o# +#e+a#ation o$ Nationa/ I; 0a#d ' TELECO)):NICATION" CON":LTANT" INDIA LI)ITED (T2IL, 3a in0o#+o#ated a a 3"o//. o3ned %o:e#nment o$ India 2om+an. 3it" t"e o$Gecti/e o$ e-tendin t"e 3ide #anging Indian teleco# e-pertise to .riendly de/elopin countries6 T"e &i ion tatement o$ 0om+an. i K OTo eA0e/ and maintain /eade# "i+5 in +#o:iding 2ommuni0ation So/ution on tu#nke. 1a i in te/e0ommuni0ation and in$o#mation te0"no/og. e#:i0e e0to# g/o1a//.P' T"e o$Gecti/es a#eK U To +#o:ide 3o#/d-0/a te0"no/og. and Indian eA+e#ti e g/o1a//. in a// $ie/d o$ te/e0ommuni0ation and in$o#mation te0"no/og.' U To u tain5 eA+and and eA0e/ in it o+e#ation in F:e# ea QIndian &a#ket 1. de:e/o+ing +#o+e# ma#keting t#ategie ' U To a0Mui#e State-o$-t"e-7#t te0"no/og. on a 0ontinuou 1a i and maintain /eade# "i+' U To di:e# i$. into 2.1e# -a#k 5 2.1e# 2itie 5 Inte//igent 8ui/ding 5 =ig"3a. and 4oad and ot"e# 0i:i/ 3o#k ' U Ente#ing a#ea o$ 0o t-e$$e0ti:e net3o#k te0"no/ogie $o# 1ui/ding ne3 Te/e0om H IT net3o#k and u+g#ading /ega0. net3o#k ' U Io0u ing on 8#oad1and &u/timedia 2on:e#gent Se#:i0e Net3o#k ' U Ente#ing ne3 a#ea o$ IT a . tem integ#ato# in Te/e0om 1i//ing5 0u tome# 0a#e5 :a/ue added e#:i0e 5 e-%o:e#nan0e net3o#k and t"e /ike' U 7gg#e i:e/. +#omoting FH& 0ont#a0t a1#oad in t"e IT and Te/e0om $ie/d 1. uti/i*ing T2ILE eA+e#t te0"ni0a/ man+o3e#' U ;e:e/o+ing Te/e0om H IT t#aining in$#a t#u0tu#e in 0ount#ie a1#oad' U 7gg#e i:e/. +a#ti0i+ating in SD7N +#o?e0t in :a#iou tate ' In.or#ation Technolo y "ector
Nationa/ e-%o:e#nan0e -/an 3a a++#o:ed in &a. 2))6 3it" a :i ion to O&ake a// %o:e#nment e#:i0e a00e i1/e to t"e 0ommon man in "i /o0a/it.5 t"#oug" 0ommon e#:i0e de/i:e#. out/et and en u#e e$$i0ien0.5 t#an +a#en0. H #e/ia1i/it. o$ u0" e#:i0e at a$$o#da1/e 0o t to #ea/i*e t"e 1a i0 need o$ t"e 0ommon manP' "TATE >IDE A*EA NET>O*?" 2">AN"5 T"e %o:e#nment "a a++#o:ed t"e S0"eme $o# e ta1/i "ing State Dide 7#ea Net3o#k (SD7N , a0#o t"e 0ount#.' 6nde# t"i S0"eme5 technical and .inancial assistance are $ein pro/ided to the "tatesK:Ts .or esta$lishin ">ANs to connect all "tateK:T +eadBuarters u+ to t"e 8/o0k /e:e/ :ia ;i t#i0tQ u1-;i:i iona/ =eadMua#te# 5 in a /ertical hierarchical structure 7ith a #ini#u# $and7idth capacity o. ! )$ps per lin@6 e-DI"T*ICT i a State &i ion &ode -#o?e0t unde# t"e Nationa/ e-%o:e#nan0e -/an' T"e -#o?e0t ai#s to tar et 0e#tain hi h /olu#e ser/ices 0u##ent/. not 0o:e#ed 1. an. &i ion &ode -#o?e0t (&&-, under the Ne0P and underta@e $ac@-end co#puteriLation to ena$le the deli/ery o. these ser/ices throu h Co##on "er/ice Centres6 India De/elop#ent 0ate7ay 2InD05 i a nation3ide initiati:e t"at eek to +#o:ide #e +on i1/e and 0#edi1/e in$o#mation5 +#odu0t and e#:i0e in /o0a/ /anguage 0ate#ing to t"e need o$ #u#a/ 0ommunitie ' 7 +a#t o$ t"i initiati:e a mu/ti/ingua/ +/at$o#m 999"indg"in "a 1een e ta1/i "ed $o# kno3/edge "a#ing 3it" in$o#mation5 +#odu0t and e#:i0e in iA /anguage :i*'5 +indiA En lishA Ta#ilA Telu uA )arathi and Ben ali on iA identi$ied :e#ti0a/ i'e' a ricultureA healthA pri#ary educationA e-0o/ernanceA rural ener y and social 7el.are6 C=BE* "EC:*IT= in0/ude 4H;5 /ega/ $#ame3o#k5 e0u#it. in0ident - ea#/. 3a#ning and #e +on e5 1e t e0u#it. +o/i0. 0om+/ian0e H a u#an0e5 Inte#nationa/ 0oo+e#ation and e0u#it. t#aining' T"#u t a#ea o$ #e ea#0" and de:e/o+ment identi$ied in0/ude 2#.+tog#a+". and 0#.+tana/. i ' T#aining 0ente# in .orensics "a 1een et u+ at ?erala +o/i0e to $a0i/itate 0.1e# 0#ime in:e tigation' Indian Co#puter E#er ency *esponse Tea# 2CE*T-In5 2E4T-In i t"e nationa/ noda/ agen0. $o# #e +onding to 0om+ute# e0u#it. in0ident a and 3"en t"e. o00u#' It 0#eate a3a#ene on e0u#it. i ue t"#oug" di emination o$ in$o#mation on it 3e1 ite 999"#ert"in"org"in and o+e#ate 24A7 In0ident 4e +on e =e/+ ;e k' It +#o:ide in0ident +#e:ention and #e +on i:e e#:i0e a 3e// a e0u#it. Mua/it. management e#:i0e ' In t"e In$o#mation Te0"no/og. (7mendment, 70t 2))85 2E4T-In "a 1een de ignated to e#:e a t"e nationa/ agen0. to +e#$o#m t"e $o//o3ing $un0tion in t"e a#ea o$ 0.1e# e0u#it.K V 2o//e0tion5 ana/. i and di emination o$ in$o#mation on 0.1e# in0ident V Io#e0a t and a/e#t o$ 0.1e# e0u#it. in0ident V Eme#gen0. mea u#e $o# "and/ing 0.1e# e0u#it. in0ident V 2oo#dination o$ 0.1e# in0ident #e +on e a0ti:itie V I ue guide/ine 5 ad:i o#ie 5 :u/ne#a1i/it. note and 3"ite +a+e# #e/ating to in$o#mation e0u#it. +#a0ti0e 5 +#o0edu#e 5 +#e:ention5 #e +on e and #e+o#ting o$ 0.1e# in0ident V Su0" ot"e# $un0tion #e/ating to 0.1e# e0u#it. a ma. 1e +#e 0#i1ed' Cy$er Appellate Tri$unal 2CAT5 27T i t"e $i# t and t"e only Cy$er Court in t"e 0ount#.' T"e 0ou#t 3a initia//. kno3n a t"e 2.1e# 4egu/ation 7++e//ate T#i1una/ (247T,' National ?no7led e Net7or@ 2N?N5 Fne o$ t"e im+o#tant #e0ommendation o$ t"e Nationa/ @no3/edge 2ommi ion 3a to e ta1/i " a Nationa/ @no3/edge Net3o#k (N@N,' T"e O$Gecti/e o$ t"e Nationa/ @no3/edge Net3o#k i to interconnect all :ni/ersitiesA Li$rariesA La$oratoriesA +ospitals and A ricultural Institutions to share data and resources across the country o/er the hi h speed 2o. i a$it capa$ilities5 in.or#ation net7or@6
"o.t7are Technolo y Par@s o. India 2"TPI5 3a et u+ in 1991 a an autonomou o0iet. unde# t"e ;e+a#tment in 1991' ST-IE main o$Gecti/e "a 1een t"e +#omotion o$ o$t3a#e eA+o#t $#om t"e 0ount#.' T"e e#:i0e #ende#ed 1. ST-I $o# t"e o$t3a#e eA+o#ting 0ommunit. "a:e 1een tatuto#. e#:i0e 5 data 0ommuni0ation e#:i0e 5 in0u1ation $a0i/itie 5 t#aining and :a/ue added e#:i0e ' ST-I "a +/a.ed a ke. de:e/o+menta/ #o/e in t"e +#omotion o$ o$t3a#e eA+o#t 3it" a +e0ia/ $o0u on S&E and ta#t u+ unit ' 7 +a#t o$ it tatuto#. $un0tion 5 ST-I "a 1een im+/ementing t"e t3o 0"eme 5 :i*'5 "TP 2"o.t7are Technolo y Par@s5 and E+TP 2Electronic +ard7are Technolo y Par@s5 "che#es ' ST- i a 1)) +e# 0ent eA+o#t o#iented 0"eme $o# t"e de:e/o+ment and eA+o#t o$ IT o$t3a#e u ing 0ommuni0ation /ink o# +". i0a/ media and in0/uding eA+o#t o$ +#o$e iona/ e#:i0e ' =ig"/ig"t o$ ST- S0"eme K V 7++#o:a/ unde# ing/e 3indo3 0/ea#an0e me0"ani m' V 6+to 1)) +e# 0ent $o#eign eMuit. +e#mitted' V %ood im+o#tedQ+#o0u#ed dome ti0a//. 1. t"e ST- unit a#e 0om+/ete/. (1)) +e# 0ent, dut. $#ee' V Se0ond "and 0a+ita/ good ma. a/ o 1e im+o#ted' V Sa/e in t"e dome ti0 ma#ket a#e +e#mi i1/e u+to 5) +e# 0ent o$ t"e eA+o#t' V In0ome taA 1ene$it unde# e0tion 1)7Q1)8 o$ In0ome TaA 70t (&a#0"5 2)11, DEFENCE & C+APTE* 4 &ini t#. o$ ;e$en0e (4ak "a &ant#a/a.a, (i, ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e (4ak "a Ci1"ag, (ii, ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e -#odu0tion (4ak "a 6t+adan au# 7a+oo#ti Ci1"ag, (iii, ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e 4e ea#0" and ;e:e/o+ment (4ak "a 7nu and"an au# Cika Ci1"ag, (i:, ;e+a#tment o$ EA- e#:i0emen De/$a#e' -#e ident i t"e Su+#eme 2ommand o$ t"e 7#med Io#0e ' T"e #e +on i1i/it. $o# nationa/ de$en0e #e t 3it" t"e 2a1inet' T"e Raksha Mantri (;e$en0e &ini te#, i t"e "ead o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ ;e$en0e i #e +on i1/e to -a#/iament $o# a// matte# 0on0e#ning de$en0e o$ t"e 0ount#.' 7dmini t#ati:e and o+e#ationa/ 0ont#o/ o$ t"e a#med $o#0e i eAe#0i ed 1. t"e &ini t#. o$ ;e$en0e and t"e t"#ee Se#:i0e =eadMua#te# ' T"e Indian 7#m.' #o/e i e entia//. $o# de+/o.ment a/ong t"e 1o#de# ' It "a a/ o 1een 0ont#i1uting in +"e#e o$ inte#na/ e0u#it. and di a te# management a an aid to 0i:i/ aut"o#it.5 3"ene:e# t"e ituation "a demanded' Na/al e-ercises Ind#a India-4u ia @onkan - India-6@ &a/a1a# - India-6S Ca#una India-I#an0e SI&8ET - India-Singa+o#e I8S7&74 - India-8#a*i/-Sout" 7$#i0a &a#itime eAe#0i e' SLINET-II India-S#i/anka 4I&-72 (t"e 4im o$ -a0i$i0 EAe#0i e, - T"e 3o#/d' /a#ge t inte#nationa/ ma#itime 3a#$a#e eAe#0i e' 4I&-72 2)12 i t"e 23#d eAe#0i e in t"e e#ie t"at 1egan in 1971' 7i# Muad#on IN7S 311 and IN7S 35) 3e#e 0ommi ioned on 24t" &a#0"5 2))9' Indian Na:a/ 7i# Station -a#undu 3a 0ommi ioned on 26t" &a#0"5 2))9 at 60"i+u//i in 4amnad ;i t#i0t o$ Tami/ Nadu' INS 7i#a:at5 T"e $i$t" LST (L, 2/a S"i+ 3a 0ommi ioned on 19t" &a.5 2))9 at Ci ak"a+atnam' INS 2"et/at and 2a# Ni0o1a# 3e#e 0ommi ioned on 16t" Ie1#ua#.5 2))9' INS 2"e#i.am and 2o#a ;i:" 3e#e 2ommi ioned on 1)t" Se+tem1e#5 2))9' INS S"i:a/ik 3a 0ommi ioned on 29t" 7+#i/5 2)1)' COA"T 0:A*D
T"e Indian 2oa t %ua#d 0ame into 1eing a an 7#med Io#0e o$ t"e 6nion in 19785 on t"e #e0ommendation o$ 4u tam?i 2ommittee $o# -#e e#:ation and -#ote0tion o$ t"e EA0/u i:e E0onomi0 >one (EE>,' T"e 2oa t %ua#d i mandated to kee+ IndiaE EE> mea u#ing o:e# 2')2 mi//ion SM @m' unde# u#:ei//an0e $o# t"e a$et.5 e0u#it. and /a3 en$o#0ement' T"e Indian 2oa t %ua#d i mandated to +#ote0t 1. u0" mea u#e a it t"ink $it t"e ma#itime and ot"e# nationa/ inte#e t o$ India in t"e ma#itime *one o$ India' The duties and .unctions o. the ser/ice are as .ollo7sC(a, Sa$et. and +#ote0tion o$ a#ti$i0ia/ i /and and o$$ "o#e te#mina/ 5 in ta//ation and de:i0e in &a#itime >one ' (1, -#ote0tion and a i tan0e to $i "e#men at ea 3"i/e in di t#e ' (0, -#e e#:ation and +#ote0tion o$ ma#ine en:i#onment' (d, -#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ ma#ine +o//ution' (e, 7 i tan0e to 0u tom and ot"e# aut"o#itie in anti- mugg/ing o+e#ation ' ($, En$o#0ement o$ ena0tment 1eing in $o#0e in t"e ma#itime *one ' (g, Ft"e# matte# 5 in0/uding mea u#e $o# t"e a$et. o$ /i$e and +#o+e#t. at ea and 0o//e0tion o$ 0ienti$i0 data' (", To a i t Indian Na:. du#ing 3a# ituation' In addition to t"e mandate /aid do3n unde# e0tion 14 o$ 2oa t %ua#d 70t5 19755 t"e Indian 2oa t %ua#d "a a/ o 1een ent#u ted t"e $o//o3ing /ead #o/e K(a, F$$ "o#e Se0u#it. 2o-o#dination 2ommittee' (1, Nationa/ &a#itime Sea#0" and 4e 0ue 2o-o#dinating 7ut"o#it.' (0, Lead Inte//igen0e 7gen0. $o# 2oa ta/ and Sea 8o#de#' (d, 2oa ta/ Se0u#it. in te##ito#ia/ 3ate# ' T"e 0ommand and 0ont#o/ o$ t"e 2oa t %ua#d /ie 3it" t"e ;i#e0to# %ene#a/ o$ Indian 2oa t %ua#d at Ne3 ;e/"i' T"e F#gani ation "a $ou# 4egiona/ =eadMua#te# at &um1ai5 2"ennai5 %and"inaga# and -o#t 8/ai#' CO))I""IONED *AN?" T"e $o//o3ing a#e t"e 0ommi ioned #ank in t"e t"#ee Se#:i0e 9 ea0" #ank i "o3n o++o ite it eMui:a/ent in t"e ot"e# Se#:i0eK Ar#y %ene#a/5 Lieutenant %ene#a/5 &a?o# %ene#a/5 8#igadie#5 2o/one/5 Lieutenant 2o/one/5 &a?o#5 2a+tain5 Lieutenant' Na/y 7dmi#a/5 Ci0e-7dmi#a/5 4ea# 7dmi#a/5 2ommodo#e5 2a+tain5 2ommande#5 Lieutenant 2ommande#5 Lieutenant5 Su1-Lieutenant' Air Force 7i# 2"ie$ &a# "a/5 7i# &a# "a/5 7i# Ci0e-&a# "a/5 7i# 2ommodo#e5 %#ou+ 2a+tain5 Ding 2ommande#5 SMuad#on Leade#5 I/ig"t Lieutenant5 I/.ing F$$i0e#'
NATIONAL CADET CO*P" T"e Nationa/ 2adet 2o#+ (N22, 3a e ta1/i "ed unde# t"e N22 70t5 1948' T"e N22 t#i:e to +#o:ide t"e .out" o$ t"e 0ount#. o++o#tunitie $o# a// #ound de:e/o+ment 3it" a en e o$ 0ommitment5 dedi0ation5 e/$-di 0i+/ine and mo#a/ :a/ue 5 o t"at t"e. 1e0ome u e$u/ 0iti*en ' T"e motto o$ N22 i R6nit. and ;i 0i+/ineEE' I#portant trainin institutions in the De.ence "ector "aini@ "chools 3e#e esta$lished as a Goint /enture o$ t"e 2ent#a/ and State %o:e#nment ' T"e e a#e unde# t"e o/erall o/ernance o$ Sainik S0"oo/ So0iet.' Sainik S0"oo/ at 4e3a#i (=a#.ana, i t"e /ate t one' T"e o$Gecti/es o$ Sainik S0"oo/ in0/ude - 1#inging Mua/it. +u1/i0 0"oo/ edu0ation 3it"in t"e #ea0" o$ t"e 0ommon man5 - 7//-#ound de:e/o+ment o$ a 0"i/dE +e# ona/it. and - to #emo:e #egiona/ im1a/an0e in t"e o$$i0e#E 0ad#e o$ t"e 7#med Io#0e '
The "aini@ "chools prepare $oys acade#icallyA physically and #entally to Goin Ar#ed Forces throu h the National De.ence Acade#y 2NDA56 *ashtriya )ilitary "choolsC T"e Ii:e 4a "t#i.a &i/ita#. S0"oo/ (ea#/ie# kno3n a &i/ita#. S0"oo/ , a$$i/iated to 28SE a#e $un0tioning at 7?me#5 8enga/u#u5 8e/gaum5 ;"o/+u# and 2"ai/' National De.ence Acade#y 2NDA5C T"e Nationa/ ;e$en0e 70adem. (N;7, i t"e 0ount#.E +#emie# inte#- e#:i0e t#aining in titution' *ashtriya Indian )ilitary Colle e 2*I)C5C T"e 4a "t#i.a Indian &i/ita#. 2o//ege (4I&2, 3a $ounded on &a#0" 35 19225 3it" t"e o$Gecti/e o$ +#o:iding t"e ne0e a#. +#e/imina#. t#aining $o# 1o. o$ Indian 1i#t" o# domi0i/e5 3i "ing to 1e0ome o$$i0e# in t"e 7#med Io#0e o$ India' T"e in titution no3 e#:e a a $eede# in titute to t"e Nationa/ ;e$en0e 70adem.' Indian )ilitary Acade#y 2I)A5 i at ;e"#adun - aim at t"e $u//e t de:e/o+ment o$ inte//e0tua/5 mo#a/ and +". i0a/ Mua/itie o$ +e# on ?oining t"e 7#m. a o$$i0e# ' T"e I&7 a/ o im+a#t t#aining to %ent/emen 2adet $#om $#iend/. 0ount#ie ' O..icer Trainin Acade#y 2OTA5C T"e 70adem. t#ain 0adet $o# S"o#t Se#:i0e 2ommi ion' Colle e o. )ilitary En ineerin 2C)E5C T"e 2o//ege o$ &i/ita#. Enginee#ing at -une i a +#emie# te0"ni0a/ in titution 0ondu0ting t#aining $o# +e# onne/ o$ t"e 2o#+ o$ Enginee# 5 ot"e# 7#m and Se#:i0e 5 Na:.5 7i# Io#0e5 -a#a &i/ita#. Io#0e 5 -o/i0e and 2i:i/ian ' 8e ide 5 +e# onne/ $#om $#iend/. $o#eign 0ount#ie a#e a/ o t#ained' 2&E i a$$i/iated to Ba3a"a#/a/ Ne"#u 6ni:e# it. (BN6, $o# t"e a3a#d o$ 8'Te0" and &' Te0" deg#ee ' National De.ence Colle e C Se/e0ted 7#med $o#0e o$$i0e# o$ t"e #ank o$ 8#igadie#Q eMui:a/ent and 2i:i/ Se#:i0e o$$i0e# o$ eMui:a/ent tatu o$ ;i#e0to# and a1o:e a#e nominated $o# t#aining at t"e 0o//ege' The Colle e o. De.ence )ana e#ent 2CD)5 i a T#i-Se#:i0e 0atego#. O7P t#aining e ta1/i "ment' Os#ania :ni/ersity #e0ogni*e t"e 0o#e 0ou# e o$ 2;&5 name/. t"e =ig"e# ;e$en0e &anagement 2ou# e $o# t"e a3a#d o$ t"e &a te# o$ &anagement Studie (&&S, deg#ee' De.ence "er/ices "ta.. Colle e 2D""C5C T"e ;e$en0e Se#:i0e Sta$$ 2o//ege (;SS2, i one o$ t"e o/de t mi/ita#. in titution in India' DEFENCE :NDE*TA?IN0" - +industan Aeronautics Li#ited 2+AL5s 0o#e 1u ine a0ti:itie 0om+#i e o$ de ign5 de:e/o+ment and +#odu0tion o$ $iAed 3ing ai#0#a$t (Iig"te# 5 T#aine# and T#an +o#t, and =e/i0o+te# 5 t"ei# a:ioni0 and a00e o#ie and /i$e 0.0/e 0u tome# u++o#t t"#oug" &aintenan0e5 4e+ai# and F:e#"au/ (&4F, o$ ae#o +a0e +#odu0t ' T"e 2om+an. a/ o manu$a0tu#e St#u0tu#e and Integ#ated . tem $o# +a0e /aun0" :e"i0/e and ate//ite ' - Bharat Electronics Li#ited 2BEL5 3a e ta1/i "ed at 8enga/o#e 1. t"e %o:e#nment in t"e .ea# 1954 to meet t"e need o$ t"e Indian ;e$en0e Se#:i0e ' T"e 0om+an. "a de:e/o+ed 0o#e 0om+eten0ie in a#ea o$ (i, 4ada# 5 (ii, Sona# (iii, 2ommuni0ation (i:, E/e0t#oni0 Da#$a#e S. tem (:, E/e0t#o F+ti0 5 and (:i, Tank E/e0t#oni0 ' - Bharat Earth )o/ers Ltd 2BE)L5 i engaged in t"e de ign5 manu$a0tu#ing5 ma#keting and a$te# a/e u++o#t o$ a 3ide #ange o$ &ining and 0on t#u0tion eMui+ment u0" a 8u//do*e# 5 EA0a:ato# 5 ;um+ T#u0k 5 Loade# 5 Da/king ;#ag/ine 5 &ining S"o:e/ 5 &oto# %#ade# 5 2#ane et0'5 8E&L manu$a0tu#e and u++/ie a 3"o/e gamut o$ de$en0e and #ai/3a. +#odu0t ' T"e 2om+an. a/ o u++o#t IndiaE mi i/e +#og#amme 1. u++/.ing eMui+ment u0" a &i i/e 2a##ie#5 &i i/e Laun0"e#5 FA.di e# 2a##ie#5 Da#"ead 2a##ie# and &a t S. tem $o# 0a##.ing Su#:ei//an0e 4ada# ' - )aLa on Doc@ Li#ited 2)DL5 i a -#emie# S"i+ 8ui/de# to t"e Nation 0a+a1/e o$ 1ui/ding 7arshipsA #erchant ships and su$#arines6 - 0oa "hipyard Ltd 20"L5A i one o$ t"e /eading "i+.a#d 5 1ui/ding medium- i*ed o+"i ti0ated :e e/ $o# t"e Indian Na:.5 Indian 2oa t %ua#d and ot"e# ' - 0arden *each "hip$uilders and En ineers Ltd6 20*"E5 i #e0ogni*ed a a /eading S"i+1ui/ding .a#d and manu$a0tu#e# o$ "ig" :a/ue5 "ig" te0"no/og.5 0om+/eA enginee#ing item ' T"e 2om+an. i a /eading Inte#nationa/ S"i+1ui/de#5 "i+ #e+ai#e# and manu$a0tu#e# o$ "i+ 1o#ne ma0"ine#. and . tem ' - +industan "hipyard Li#ited i t"e /a#ge t "i+.a#d' T"e S"i+.a#d 3a o#igina//. 3it" t"e &ini t#. o$ S"i++ing' It 3a t#an $e##ed to t"e ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e +#odu0tion in Ie1#ua#. 2)1)' T"e "i+.a#d "a de igned 4) :e e/ in"ou e and "a 0o//a1o#ation 3it" a 4u ian Ga#d $o# u1ma#ine #e+ai# ' - Bharat Dyna#ics Li#ited 2BDL5 3a e ta1/i "ed in 197) $o# #anu.acture o. 0uided )issiles6 8e ide +#odu0ing indigenou /. de:e/o+ed -#it":i (ta0ti0a/ 1att/e$ie/d u#$a0e to u#$a0e, and 7ka " (Long
#ange u#$a0e to 7i#, mi i/e . tem unde# t"e I%&;-5 8;L i engaged in +#odu0tion o$ @onku# - & and In:a# (368@-2), 7nti Tank %uided &i i/e (7T%& , in 0o//a1o#ation 3it" 4u ia and &i/an 2-T 7T%& in 0o//a1o#ation 3it" &8;75 I#an0e' T"e 2om+an. "a :entu#ed into +#odu0tioni ing unde#3ate# 3ea+on . tem u0" a 7d:an0ed Lig"t Deig"t To#+edo (T7L,5 =ea:. Deig"t To#+edo (Ca#una t#a, and Lig"t Deig"t &ine in 2on0u##ent Enginee#ing mode in a o0iation 3it" Na:a/ S0ien0e and Te0"no/ogi0a/ La1o#ato#. (NSTL,5 Ci ak"a+atnam' - )ishra Dhatu Ni a# Li#ited 2)ID+ANI5 3a in0o#+o#ated a a -u1/i0 Se0to# 6nde#taking unde# t"e 7dmini t#ati:e 2ont#o/ o$ t"e %o:e#nment in 1973 to a0"ie:e e/$-#e/ian0e in t"e manu$a0tu#e o$ Su+e#a//o. 5 Titanium a//o. and S+e0ia/ -u#+o e Stee/ #eMui#ed $o# t#ategi0 e0to# u0" a 7e#onauti0 5 S+a0e5 7#mament 5 7tomi0 Ene#g.5 Na:.' S+e0ia/ +#odu0t u0" a &o/.1denum 3i#e and +/at 5 Titanium and Stain/e Stee/ tu1e 5 a//o. $o# e/e0t#i0a/ and e/e0t#oni0 a++/i0ation u0" a So$t &agneti0 a//o. 5 2ont#o//ed eA+an ion a//o. and 4e i tan0e a//o. a/ o $o#m +a#t o$ t"e +#odu0tion' De.ence *esearch and De/elop#ent Or anisation 2D*DO5 i t"e 4e ea#0" and ;e:e/o+ment 3ing o$ t"e ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e 4e ea#0" and ;e:e/o+ment o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ ;e$en0e' Ci ion i to em+o3e# India 3it" 0utting-edge de$en0e te0"no/ogie ' &i ion i to a0"ie:e e/$-#e/ian0e in 0#iti0a/ de$en0e te0"no/ogie and . tem 5 1. indigeni ation and inno:ation5 3"i/e eMui++ing t"e a#med $o#0e 3it" tate-o$-t"e-a#t 3ea+on . tem and eMui+ment' ;4;F 0ame into eAi ten0e on 1st ManuaryA 14'E 3it" t"e ama/gamation o$ Te0"ni0a/ ;e:e/o+ment E ta1/i "ment (T;E , o$ Indian 7#m. and ;i#e0to#ate o$ Te0"ni0a/ ;e:e/o+ment and -#odu0tion (;T;and-, 3it" ;e$en0e S0ien0e F#gani ation (;SF,' ;4;F i "eaded 1. "cienti.ic Ad/isor to Ra(sha Mantri (S7 to 4&,5 3"o i a/ o t"e Se0#eta#.5 ;e+a#tment o$ ;e$en0e 4 and ; and ;i#e0to# %ene#a/ ;4;F' T"e 4e0#uitment and 7 e ment 2ent#e (472, unde#take .resh recruit#ent o. scientists at :a#iou /e:e/ and 0ondu0t a e ment $o# +#omotion o$ 0ienti t on +e#iodi0 1a i ' T"e 2ent#e $o# -e# onne/ Ta/ent &anagement (2E-T7&, i #e +on i1/e $o# induction and trainin o$ NTe0"ni0a/ and Ft"e# Sta$$E o$ t"e o#gani*ation' ;4;F "a t"e $o//o3ing responsi$ilitiesK W ;e ign5 de:e/o+ment t"at /ead to +#odu0tion5 t"e tate-o$-a#t Sen o# 5 Dea+on S. tem 5 -/at$o#m and a//ied eMui+ment (St#ategi0 . tem 5 Ta0ti0a/ . tem 5 ;ua/ 6 e Te0"no/ogie ,' W 4e ea#0" in Li$e S0ien0e 5 to o+timi*e 0om1at e$$e0ti:ene o$ o/die# and +#omote t"ei# 3e// 1eing5 e +e0ia//. in "a# " en:i#onment ' W ;e:e/o+ in$#a t#u0tu#e and "ig"/. t#ained &an+o3e# $o# t#ong de$en0e te0"no/og. 1a e' ;4;F $o#mu/ate and eAe0ute +#og#am o$ 0ienti$i0 #e ea#0"5 de ign and de:e/o+ment in a#ea #e/e:ant to nationa/ e0u#it.' It a/ o .unctions as t"e noda/ agen0. .or the e-ecution o. #aGor De.ence related pro ra# 3it" t"e nationa/ 0ienti$i0 in titution 5 -S6 and +#i:ate agen0ie ' 7gni and -#it":i e#ie o$ mi i/e 5 nu0/ea# +o3e#ed u1ma#ine-7#i"ant5 /ig"t 0om1at ai#0#a$t-Te?a ' R8a/a .a mu/am :ig.anamR i'e'R The source o. stren th is "cienceR i t"e ta line o. D*DO6 It i S0ien0e t"at d#i:e t"e nation in 3a# and +ea0e' 7gni I &edium 4ange 8a//i ti0 &i i/e 7))- 12)) km 7gni II Inte#mediate 4ange 8a//i ti0 &i i/e 2)))- 25)) km 7gni III I48& 3)))-5))) km 7gni IC I48& 32))- 37)) 7gni C I28& Inte#0ontinenta/ 8a//i ti0 mi i/e 5))) 6))) km -#it":i (ta0ti0a/ 1att/e$ie/d u#$a0e to u#$a0e, and ;"anu "- Nu0/ea# 0a+a1/e5 t"e na:a/ :e# ion o$ -#it":i "o#t #ange 1a//i ti0 mi i/e' 7ka " (Long #ange u#$a0e to 7i#, T#i "u/ Su#$a0e to 7i# 8#a"&o 7i# to Su#$a0e &i i/e -#a"a# Su#$a0e to Su#$a0e 7gni- Su#$a0e to Su#$a0e 7 t#a 7i# to 7i#
"ELF-E)PLO=)ENT "C+E)E" FO* EN-"E*;ICE)EN AND >IDO>" T"e ;i#e0to#ate %ene#a/ 4e ett/ement (;%4,5 &ini t#. o$ ;e$en0e "a t"e o:e#a// #e +on i1i/it. $o# t"e #e ett/ement and #e"a1i/itation o$ eA- e#:i0emen5 di a1/ed e#:i0e +e# onne/5 3ido3 o$ eA- e#:i0emen and t"ei# de+endent ' ;%4 "a /aun0"ed $e3 e/$ em+/o.ment 0"eme /ike - "IDBIs National EBuity Fund 2NEF5 sche#e $inan0ia/ a i tan0e u+to 4 5) /ak" ' &aAimum o$t /oan u+to 4 1) /ak" +e# +#o?e0t S 5< +a inte#e t' (SI;8I-Sma// Indu t#ie ;e:e/o+ment 8oa#d o$ India, - "E)FEN-II sche#e +#omoted 3it" t"e a i tan0e o$ N7874;' It +#o:ide #e$inan0e to 1ank $o# $inan0ing $o# de:e/o+ment o$ ag#i0u/tu#e and a//ied a0ti:itie ' - "E)FEN-III sche#e in 0o//a1o#ation 3it" t"e @"adi and Ci//age Indu t#ie 2ommi ion' To "e/+ #e"a1i/itate t"e eA- e#:i0emen and 3ido3 to unde#take #u#a/ indu t#ie ' %o:e#nment "a $o#mu/ated e:e#a/ Se/$-em+/o.ment :entu#e $o# #e"a1i/itation and #e ett/ement o$ EAe#:i0emen and t"ei# $ami/ie ' Some 0"eme a#e Allotment of Arm! Surplus )ehicles: EA-Se#:i0emen and 3ido3 o$ de$en0e +e# onne/5 3"o died 3"i/e in e#:i0e5 a#e e/igi1/e to a++/. $o# a//otment o$ 7#m. Su#+/u 2/a C8 Ce"i0/e ' Coal *ipper Scheme: T"i 3e/$a#e 0"eme $o# 3ido3 Qdi a1/ed o/die# i /inked 3it" t"e 2oa/ T#an +o#tation S0"eme' 6+ to ;e0em1e# 2))95 78 3ido3 Q di a1/ed o/die# 1ene$ited t"#oug" t"i 0"eme' Allotment of +il Product Agenc!: &ini t#. o$ -et#o/eum and Natu#a/ %a "a #e e#:ed 8 +e# 0ent o$ Fi/ -#odu0t 7gen0ie i'e' L-% ;i t#i1uto# "i+5 -et#o/ -um+ and Su+e#io# @e#o ene Fi/ ;i t#i1uto# "i+ et0' $o# t"e de$en0e 0atego#. a++/i0ant 3"o 0om+#i e o$ 3a#-timeQ +ea0e-time 3ido3 and di a1/ed o/die# ' Mother air! Mil( Booths and Fruit and )egeta"le (Safal) shops: T"i i a time te ted 3e// +a.ing e/$ em+/o.ment 0"eme $o# ES& -8F4' In 0on u/tation 3it" t"e &ot"e# ;ai#.5 t"e 0"eme i no3 1eing eAtended to t"e 0itie o$ N24 :i* %u#gaon5 Noida and %#eate# Noida' PM,s Scholarship Scheme: T"e aim o$ -& S0"o/a# "i+ S0"eme i to en0ou#age t"e 3a#d o$ 3ido3 and eA- e#:i0emen to take u+ "ig"e# te0"ni0a/ and +#o$e iona/ edu0ation' 6nde# t"e 0"eme t"e amount o$ 0"o/a# "i+ $o# 1o. i 4 125)Q- +e# mont" and $o# gi#/ 4 15))Q- +e# mont"' Education- Chapter 13 &ini t#. o$ =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment (Manav Sansadhan Vikas Mantra%aya) (i, ;e+a#tment o$ S0"oo/ Edu0ation and Lite#a0. (S#hoo% Shiksha aur Saksharta Vi&hag) (ii, ;e+a#tment o$ =ig"e# Edu0ation (U#h#hatar Shiksha Vi&hag) 8e$o#e 19765 edu0ation 3a t"e eA0/u i:e #e +on i1i/it. o$ t"e State ' 7$te# t"e 2on titutiona/ 7mendment o$ 1976 edu0ation i in0/uded in t"e Concurrent List6 T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment 0ontinue to +/a. a /eading #o/e in t"e e:o/ution and monito#ing o$ edu0ationa/ +o/i0ie and +#og#amme ' T"e mo t nota1/e a#e -Nationa/ -o/i0. on Edu0ation (N-E,5 1986 and --#og#amme o$ 70tion (-F7,5 1986 a u+dated in 1992' ELE)ENTA*= ED:CATION 1' S74C7 S=I@S=7 78=IG7N 2' E;627TIFN %6747NTEE S2=E&E (E%S, 7N; 7LTE4N7TICE 7N; INNFC7TICE E;627TIFN (7IE, 3' T"e N-E%EL S0"eme 4' @a tu#1a %and"i 8a/ika Cid.a/a.a (@%8C, S0"eme 5' &I;-;7G &E7L S2=E&E 6' &7=IL7 S7&7@=G7 S2=E&E 7' S2=E&E IF4 -4FCI;IN% L67LITG E;627TIFN IN &7;47S7S (S-LE&, 8' N7TIFN7L 87L 8=7C7N 9' S2=E&E IF4 INI47ST462T64E ;ECELF-&ENT IN &INF4ITG INSTIT6TE (I;&I, 1)' 4I%=T TF E;627TIFN 16 "A*;A "+I?"+A AB+I=AN 2""A5 - /aun0"ed in 2))1 $o# uni:e# a/i ation o$ e/ementa#. edu0ation' SS7 i im+/emented in +a#tne# "i+ 3it" t"e State %o:e#nment '
SS7 %oa/ a#eK (g5#5e5e, a' En#o/ment o$ a// 0"i/d#en in 0"oo/5 Edu0ation %ua#antee 2ent#e 5 7/te#nati:e 0"oo/5 '8a0k-to-S0"oo/' 0am+ 1. 2))59 1' 4etention o$ a// 0"i/d#en ti// t"e u++e# +#ima#. tage 1. 2)1)' 0' 1#idging o$ gende# and o0ia/ 0atego#. ga+ in en#o/ment5 #etention and /ea#ning9 and d' En u#ing t"at t"e#e i igni$i0ant en"an0ement in t"e /ea#ning a0"ie:ement /e:e/ o$ 0"i/d#en at t"e +#ima#. and u++e# +#ima#. tage' 6nde# SS7 India "a 1een a1/e to im+#o:e a00e to 99 < o$ +#ima#. /e:e/ and a/ o 1een a1/e to #edu0e out o$ 0"oo/ 0"i/d#en to 3-4 < o$ t"e age 0o"o#t o$ 6-14 .ea# ' 6nde# t"i +#og#amme5 +e0ia/ $o0u i on gi#/ 5 0"i/d#en 1e/onging to S2QST 2ommunitie 5 ot"e# 3eake# Se0tion 5 &ino#itie and u#1an de+#i:ed 0"i/d#en' !6 ED:CATION 0:A*ANTEE "C+E)E 2E0"5 AND ALTE*NATI;E AND INNO;ATI;E ED:CATION 2AIE5 i an im+o#tant 0om+onent o$ Sa#:a S"ik "a 71"i.an (SS7, to 1#ing out-o$ 0"oo/ 0"i/d#en in t"e $o/d o$ E/ementa#. Edu0ation' T"e 0"eme en:i age t"at 0"i/d-3i e +/anning i unde#taken $o# ea0" outo$- 0"oo/ 0"i/d' 6nde# E%S5 edu0ationa/ $a0i/itie a#e et u+ in "a1itation t"at do not "a:e a +#ima#. S0"oo/ 3it"in a di tan0e o$ 1 km' 7n. "a1itation 3it" 25 out-o$- 0"oo/ 0"i/d#en in t"e 6-14 age g#ou+ (15 in t"e 0a e o$ "i//. and de e#t a#ea and t#i1a/ "am/et , i e/igi1/e to "a:e an E%S 2ent#e' It i a t#an ito#. $a0i/it. ti// -#ima#. S0"oo/ #e+/a0e it 3it"in a +e#iod o$ t3o .ea# ' 7/te#nati:e Edu0ation inte#:ention $o# +e0i$i0 0atego#ie o$ :e#. de+#i:ed 0"i/d#en e'g'5 0"i/d /a1ou#5 t#eet 0"i/d#en5 mig#ating 0"i/d#en5 3o#king 0"i/d#en5 0"i/d#en /i:ing in di$$i0u/t 0i#0um tan0e and o/de# 0"i/d#en in t"e 9X age g#ou+ e +e0ia//. ado/e 0ent gi#/ a#e 1eing u++o#ted unde# E%S and 7IE a// o:e# t"e 0ount#.' 7 i*ea1/e num1e# o$ out-o$- 0"oo/ 0"i/d#en a#e in t"e "a1itation 3"e#e 0"oo/ing $a0i/it. i a:ai/a1/e 1ut t"e e 0"i/d#en eit"e# did not ?oin t"e 0"oo/ o# d#o++ed out 1e$o#e 0om+/eting t"ei# 0"oo/ing' T"e e 0"i/d#en ma. not $it into t"e #igid $o#ma/ . tem' To 1#ing u0" 0"i/d#en 1a0k to 0"oo/5 1a0k to 0"oo/ 0am+ and 8#idge 2ou# e t#ategie "a:e 1een im+/emented' 8#idge 0ou# e and 8a0k to 0"oo/ 0am+ 0an 1e #e identia/ o# non-#e identia/ de+ending u+on t"e need o$ 0"i/d#en' %6 The National Pro ra##e .or Education o. 0irls at Ele#entary Le/el 2NPE0EL5 "che#e i a "o/i ti0 e$$o#t to add#e o1 ta0/e to gi#/' edu0ation at t"e mi0#o /e:e/ t"#oug" $/eAi1/e5 de0ent#a/i*ed +#o0e e and de0i ion making' It i im+/emented in edu0ationa//. 1a0k3a#d 1/o0k and add#e e t"e need o$ gi#/ 3"o a#e 'in' a 3e// a 'out' o$ 0"oo/' It a/ o #ea0"e out to gi#/ 3"o a#e en#o//ed in 0"oo/5 1ut do not attend 0"oo/ #egu/a#/.' 2"i/d#en 1e0ome :u/ne#a1/e to /ea:ing 0"oo/ 3"en t"e. a#e not a1/e to 0o+e 3it" t"e +a0e o$ /ea#ning in t"e 0/a o# $ee/ neg/e0ted 1. tea0"e# Q+ee# in 0/a ' T"e 0"eme em+"a i*e t"e #e +on i1i/it. o$ tea0"e# to #e0ogni*e u0" gi#/ and +a. +e0ia/ attention to 1#ing t"em out o$ t"ei# tate o$ :u/ne#a1i/it. and +#e:ent t"em $#om d#o++ing out' T"e 0"eme 3o#k t"#oug" :i//age /e:e/ 3omen' and 0ommunit. g#ou+ to $o//o3 u+ gi#/ ' en#o/ment5 attendan0e and a0"ie:ement' T"e 0ommunit. i engaged in #e0ommending :i//age +e0i$i0 a0tion 1a ed on t"ei# unde# tanding o$ /o0a/ i ue ' 96 ?astur$a 0andhi Bali@a ;idyalaya 2?0B;5 "che#e +#o:ide $o# etting u+ o$ #e identia/ u++e# +#ima#. 0"oo/ $o# gi#/ o$ S25 ST5 F82 and &u /im 0ommunitie ' T"i 0"eme ta#get a#ea o$ 0atte#ed "a1itation 5 3"e#e 0"oo/ a#e at g#eat di tan0e and a#e 0"a//enge to t"e e0u#it. o$ gi#/ ' T"i o$ten 0om+e/ gi#/ to di 0ontinue t"ei# edu0ation' @%C8 add#e e t"i t"#oug" etting u+ #e identia/ 0"oo/ in t"e 1/o0k it e/$' T"e S0"eme +#o:ide $o# a minimum #e e#:ation o$ 75 +e# 0ent eat $o# gi#/ $#om S2QSTQF82 and mino#itie 0ommunitie and 25 +e# 0ent to gi#/ $#om $ami/ie t"at a#e 1e/o3 t"e +o:e#t. /ine' '6 )ID-DA= )EAL 2)D)5 "C+E)E Nationa/ -#og#amme o$ Nut#itiona/ Su++o#t to -#ima#. Edu0ation (N--NS-E, 3a /aun0"ed a a 2ent#a//. S+on o#ed S0"eme on 15 7ugu t 19955 initia//. in 24)8 1/o0k in t"e 0ount#. 3it" a :ie3 to en"an0ing en#o//ment5 #etention and attendan0e and imu/taneou /. im+#o:ing nut#itiona/ /e:e/ among 0"i/d#en' 8. t"e .ea# 1997- 98 t"e N--NS-E 3a int#odu0ed in a// 1/o0k o$ t"e 0ount#.' It 3a $u#t"e# eAtended in 2))2 to 0o:e# not on/. 0"i/d#en in 0/a e E I-C o$ go:e#nment5 go:e#nment aided and /o0a/ 1od. 0"oo/ 5 1ut a/ o 0"i/d#en tud.ing in E%S and 7IE 0ent#e '
In 2))7 t"e 0"eme name 3a 0"anged $#om Nationa/ -#og#amme o$ Nut#itiona/ Su++o#t to -#ima#. Edu0ation (N--NS-E, to Nationa/ -#og#amme o$ &id ;a. &ea/ in S0"oo/ and 3a eAtended to 0o:e# 0"i/d#en o$ u++e# +#ima#. 0/a e (0/a e CI to CIII, T"e S0"eme 3a #e:i ed in 2))45 2))65 2))75 2))8 H 2))9' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e mid da. mea/ 0"eme i to add#e t3o o$ t"e +#e ing +#o1/em $o# ma?o#it. o$ 0"i/d#en in India5 :i*' "unge# and edu0ation 1.K (n e, (i, Im+#o:ing t"e nut#itiona/ tatu o$ 0"i/d#en in 0/a e I-CIII in %o:e#nment5 Lo0a/ 8od. and %o:e#nment aided 0"oo/ 5 and E%S and 7IE 0ent#e ' (ii, En0ou#aging +oo# 0"i/d#en5 1e/onging to di ad:antaged e0tion 5 to attend 0"oo/ mo#e #egu/a#/. and "e/+ t"em 0on0ent#ate on 0/a #oom a0ti:itie ' (iii, -#o:iding nut#itiona/ u++o#t to 0"i/d#en o$ +#ima#. tage in d#oug"t a$$e0ted a#ea du#ing umme# :a0ation' T"e Nationa/ -#og#amme o$ &id ;a. &ea/ in S0"oo/ (N--&;&S, +#e ent/. 0o:e# a// 0"i/d#en tud.ing in 2/a e I-CIII in %o:e#nment5 %o:e#nment 7ided and Lo0a/ 8od. S0"oo/ 5 Edu0ation %ua#antee S0"eme (E%S, and 7/te#nati:e and Inno:ati:e Edu0ation (7IE, 0ent#e in0/uding &ad#a a and &aMta1 u++o#ted unde# SS7' T"e 8udget +#o:i ion unde# &id ;a. &ea/ S0"eme i a//o0ated 1. -/anning 2ommi ion in0/ude %#o 8udgeta#. Su++o#t (%8S, and 0ont#i1ution $#om -#a#am1"ik S"ik "a @o " (-S@,' -S@ i a non-/a+ a1/e $und 0#eated in 2))5 to #e0ei:e t"e +#o0eed o$ Edu0ation 2e to $inan0e e/ementa#. edu0ation in0/uding SS7 and &;& 0"eme' 8"a#at S"ik "a @o "(8S@, to $a0i/itate donation $#om India and a1#oad $o# im+/ementing -#o?e0t Q -#og#amme 0onne0ted 3it" edu0ation e0to#' T"e &;& S0"eme "a t"e $o//o3ing 2om+onent K 2i5 Borne entirely $y Central 0o/ern#ent (a, Su++/. o$ $#ee $ood g#ain S 1)) gm +e# 0"i/d +e# 0"oo/ da. $o# +#ima#. and S 15) gm $o# u++e# +#ima#. tage $#om I2I godo3n ' (1, 7 i tan0e $o# t#an +o#tation o$ $oodg#ain $#om I2I godo3n to t"e 0"oo/ ' (0, Io# No#t" Ea te#n State and Bammu H @a "mi#5 =ima0"a/ -#ade " and 6tta#ak"and at t"e #ate +#e:a/ent unde# t"e +u1/i0 di t#i1ution . tem (3'e'$' 1 ;e0em1e# 2))9,' (d, Io# a// ot"e# tate and 6T S 4 75 +e# Muinta/' (e, 7 i tan0e $o# &onito#ing &anagement H E:a/uation5 (&&E, at t"e #ate o$ 2 +e# 0ent o$ tota/ 0o t o$ (a, $ood g#ain 5 (1, t#an +o#t 0o t and (0, 0ooking 0o t' 2ii5 "hared 7ith the states K:Ts6 (a, 2ooking 0o t 4 2'69 +e# 0"i/d +e# da. $o# +#ima#. 0/a e and 4 4')3 +e# 0"i/d +e# da. $o# u++e# -#ima#. 2/a e 3'e'$' 1 7+#i/ 2)1)' (1, -a.ment o$ "ono#a#ium o$ 4 1))) +e# mont" to 0ook-0um-"e/+e#' (0, 7 i tan0e $o# t"e 0o t o$ 0on t#u0tion o$ kit0"en 0um to#e to 1e dete#mined on t"e 1a i o$ +/int" a#ea no#m and State S0"edu/e o$ 4ate ' (d, T"e 0ooking 0o t5 "ono#a#ium $o# 0ook -0um-"e/+ and t"e 0o t o$ 0on t#u0tion o$ kit0"en-0um- to#e 3i// 1e "a#ed 1et3een t"e 2ent#e and t"e NE4 State on 9)K1) 1a i and 3it" ot"e# State Q6T on 75K25 1a i ' )onitorin )echanis# T"e ;e+a#tment o$ S0"oo/ Edu0ation and Lite#a0.5 &ini t#. o$ =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment "a +#e 0#i1ed a 0om+#e"en i:e and e/a1o#ate me0"ani m $o# monito#ing and u+e#:i ion o$ t"e &id ;a. &ea/ S0"eme' T"e monito#ing me0"ani m in0/ude t"e $o//o3ingK 16 Arran e#ents .or local le/el #onitorin 4e+#e entati:e o$ %#am -an0"a.at Q %#am Sa1"a 5 mem1e# o$ CE2 5 -T7 5 S;&2 a 3e// a &ot"e# ' 2ommittee a#e #eMui#ed to monito# (i, #egu/a#it. and 3"o/e omene o$ t"e mid da. mea/ e#:ed to 0"i/d#en5 (ii, 0/ean/ine in 0ooking and e#:ing o$ t"e mid da. mea/5 (iii, time/ine in +#o0u#ement o$ good Mua/it. ing#edient 5 $ue/5 et0' (i:, im+/ementation o$ :a#ied menu and (:, o0ia/ and gende# eMuit.' T"i i #eMui#ed to 1e done on a dai/. 1a i ' !6 Display o. In.or#ation under *i ht to In.or#ation Act
In o#de# to en u#e t"at t"e#e i t#an +a#en0. and a00ounta1i/it.5 a// 0"oo/ and 0ent#e 3"e#e t"e +#og#amme i 1eing im+/emented a#e #eMui#ed to di +/a. in$o#mation suo-moto' T"i in0/ude in$o#mation onK i' Luantit. o$ $oodg#ain #e0ei:ed5 date o$ #e0ei+t' ii' Luantit. o$ $oodg#ain uti/i*ed' iii' Ft"e# ing#edient +u#0"a ed5 uti/i*ed i:' Num1e# o$ 0"i/d#en gi:en mid da. mea/' :' ;ai/. &enu :i' 4o te# o$ 2ommunit. &em1e# in:o/:ed in t"e +#og#amme' %6 Inspections $y "tate 0o/ern#ent O..icers F$$i0e# o$ t"e State %o:e#nmentQ6T 1e/onging to t"e ;e+a#tment o$ 4e:enue5 4u#a/ ;e:e/o+ment5 Edu0ation and ot"e# #e/ated e0to# 5 u0" a Domen and 2"i/d ;e:e/o+ment5 Iood5 =ea/t" a#e a/ o #eMui#ed to in +e0t 0"oo/ and 0ent#e 3"e#e t"e +#og#amme i 1eing im+/emented' It "a 1een #e0ommended t"at 25 +e# 0ent o$ +#ima#. 0"oo/ QE%S H 7IE 0ent#e a#e :i ited e:e#. Mua#te#' 96 Food Corporation o. India 2FCI5 i #e +on i1/e $o# t"e 0ontinuou a:ai/a1i/it. o$ adeMuate $ood g#ain in it ;e+ot (and in -#in0i+a/ ;i t#i1ution 2ent#e in t"e 0a e o$ No#t" Ea t 4egion,' It a//o3 /i$ting o$ $ood g#ain $o# an. mont"Q Mua#te# u+ to one mont" in ad:an0e o t"at u++/. 0"ain o$ $ood g#ain #emain uninte##u+ted' T"e I2I i mandated to i ue $ood g#ain o$ 1e t a:ai/a1/e Mua/it.5 3"i0" 3i// in an. 0a e 1e at /ea t o$ Iai# 7:e#age Lua/it. (I7L,' T"e I2I a++oint a Noda/ F$$i0e# $o# ea0" State to take 0a#e o$ :a#iou +#o1/em in u++/. o$ $ood g#ain unde# t"e &;& -#og#amme' T"e +a.ment o$ 0o t o$ $ood g#ain to t"e I2I "a 1een de0ent#a/i*ed to t"e di t#i0t /e:e/' T"e ;i t#i0t 2o//e0to# Q 2EF o$ >i/a -an0"a.at en u#e t"at $ood g#ain o$ at /ea t I7L a#e i ued 1. I2I a$te# ?oint in +e0tion 1. a team 0on i ting o$ I2I and t"e nominee o$ t"e 2o//e0to# andQo# 2"ie$ EAe0uti:e F$$i0e#5 ;i t#i0t -an0"a.at5 and 0on$i#mation 1. t"em t"at t"e g#ain 0on$o#m to at /ea t I7L no#m ' (6 )A+ILA "A)A?+=A 2)"5 "C+E)E 3a ta#ted in 1989 to t#an /ate t"e goa/ en "#ined in t"e Nationa/ -o/i0. on Edu0ation (N-E, into a 0on0#ete +#og#amme $o# t"e edu0ation and em+o3e#ment o$ 3omen in #u#a/ a#ea +a#ti0u/a#/. t"o e $#om o0ia//. and e0onomi0a//. ma#gina/i*ed g#ou+ ' T"e &S 0"eme #e0ogni*e t"e 0ent#a/it. o$ edu0ation in em+o3e#ing 3omen to a0"ie:e eMua/it.' T"e &a"i/a Sang"a o# 3omen' 0o//e0ti:e at t"e :i//age /e:e/ +#o:ide t"e 3omen a +a0e to meet5 #e$/e0t5 a k Mue tion and a#ti0u/ate t"ei# t"oug"t and need and make in$o#med 0"oi0e ' T"e &a"i/a Sang"a t"#oug" :a#iou +#og#amme and a3a#ene 0am+aign "a:e 1#oug"t a1out a 0"ange in t"e out/ook o$ #u#a/ 3omen and t"e e$$e0t 0an no3 1e een in :a#iou $a0et o$ /i$e at "ome 3it"in t"e $ami/.5 t"e 0ommunit. and at t"e 1/o0k and +an0"a.at /e:e/ ' T"e +#og#amme "a a/ o $o0u ed on a3a#ene o$ t"e need to edu0ate t"e 0"i/d#en5 e +e0ia//. gi#/ 5 to gi:e t"e eMua/ tatu and o++o#tunitie 3"i0" "a #e u/ted in a di#e0t im+a0t on en#o/ment and #etention o$ gi#/ in 0"oo/ ' T"e &a"i/a Samak".a S0"eme i 0u##ent/. 1eing im+/emented in ten State 5 7nd"#a -#ade "5 7 am5 8i"a#5 2"atti ga#"5 B"a#k"and5 @a#nataka5 @e#a/a5 %u?a#at5 6tta# -#ade " and 6tta#ak"and' 2u##ent/.5 ;e+a#tment $o# Inte#nationa/ ;e:e/o+ment (;II;-6@, i +#o:iding a i tan0e o$ Y 35 mi//ion te#/ing to t"i +#og#amme on t"e 1a i o$ a 9)K1) $und "a#ing +atte#n 1et3een ;II; and %o:e#nment o$ India $o# a e:en .ea# +e#iod 2))7-14' ;II; i 6@ aid +#og#amme #e +on i1/e $o# +#omoting de:e/o+ment and #edu0ing +o:e#t. a#ound t"e 3o#/d' ,6 NATIONAL BAL B+A;AN i a 0#eati:it. #e ou#0e 0ent#e $o# 0"i/d#en in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 5-16 .ea# ' T"e Nationa/ 8a/ 8"a:an ta#ted in 1956 i an autonomou o#gani ation $u//. $unded 1. t"e &ini t#. o$ =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment5 ;e+a#tment o$ S0"oo/ Edu0ation and Lite#a0.' T"#oug" a$$i/iated 8a/ 8"a:an and 8a/ @end#a 5 Nationa/ 8a/ 8"a:an #ea0"e out to 0"oo/ d#o+-out 5 0"i/d#en o$ o0ia//. and e0onomi0a//. 1a0k3a#d 0/a 5 t#eet 0"i/d#en and a/ o t"e +e0ia/ 0"i/d#en' Nationa/ 8a/ 8"a:an i engaged in +u# uit $o# t"e integ#ated g#o3t" o$ t"e 0"i/d 1. in:o/:ing t"em in :a#iou a0ti:itie in a ten ion $#ee en:i#onment i##e +e0ti:e o$ t"ei# gende#5 0a te5 0#eed5 0o/ou# et0' It "a Nationa/ T#aining 4e ou#0e 2ent#e (NT42, 3it"in it +#emi e 5 3"i0" im+a#t t#aining to tea0"e# on di:e# e a0ti:itie ' T"e main aim and $o0u o$ t"i #e ou#0e 0ent#e i to t#ain t"e tea0"e# in t"e a// #ound g#o3t" and +e# ona/it. de:e/o+ment o$ 0"i/d#en a t"e tea0"e#' 0ommunit. i 3e// :e# ed 3it" t"e o0ia/5 e0onomi0a/5 emotiona/5 inte//e0tua/ and + .0"o/ogi0a/ need o$ 0"i/d#en' T"e 3o#k "o+ o$ NT42 a/ o aim to make 1ot" tea0"ing and /ea#ning a ?o.$u/ eA+e#ien0e $o# tea0"e# and tudent #e +e0ti:e/.'
Nationa/ 8a/ 8"a:an "a /aun0"ed :.he Ba% Shree S#heme: 9hi#h #ame into e))e#t )rom 2;;< to identi$.5 "onou# and nu#tu#e t"e 0#eati:e 0"i/d#en o$ India 3it"in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 5-16 .ea# i##e +e0ti:e o$ t"ei# o0io-e0onomi0 tatu ' Iou# identi$ied a#ea o$ 0#eati:it.5 i'e' 0#eati:e a#t5 0#eati:e +e#$o#man0e5 0#eati:e 0ienti$i0 inno:ation 5 and 0#eati:e 3#iting' Nationa/ 8a/ 8"a:an a/ o de+ute it 0"i/d#en $#om di$$e#ent +a#t o$ India to :a#iou 0ount#ie unde# t"e 2u/tu#a/ EA0"ange -#og#amme and t"e e 0"i/d#en a0t a .oung am1a ado# o$ t"e u10ontinent' o0io- 0u/tu#a/ et"o ' E6 *I0+T TO ED:CATION T"e 2on titution (86t" 7mendment, 70t5 2))25 in e#ted 7#ti0/e 217 in t"e 2on titution 3"i0" +#o:ide $o# $#ee and 0om+u/ o#. edu0ation o$ a// 0"i/d#en in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 6 to 14 .ea# a a Iundamenta/ 4ig"t in u0" manne# a t"e State ma.5 1. /a35 dete#mine' In o#de# to +ut in +/a0e a uita1/e /egi /ation a en:i aged unde# 7#ti0/e 2175 T"e 4ig"t o$ 2"i/d#en to I#ee and 2om+u/ o#. Edu0ation (4TE, 70t5 2))9 3a +a ed 1. t"e -a#/iament on 4 7ugu t 2))9 and t"e 4TE 3a +u1/i "ed in t"e %a*ette o$ India on 27 7ugu t 2))9' T"e 4TE 70t5 inter a%ia5 eek to +#o:ide t"at e:e#. 0"i/d "a a #ig"t to 1e +#o:ided $u// time e/ementa#. edu0ation o$ ati $a0to#. and eMuita1/e Mua/it. in $o#ma/ 0"oo/ 3"i0" ati $ie 0e#tain e entia/ no#m and tanda#d ' T"e 2on titution (Eig"t.- iAt" amendment, 70t5 2))2 and t"e 4ig"t o$ 2"i/d#en to I#ee and 2om+u/ o#. Edu0ation 70t5 2))9 "a:e 0ome into $o#0e 3'e'$' 1 7+#i/ 2)1)' T"e 4TE 70t +#o:ide 0"i/d#en in t"e 6-14 age g#ou+ t"e /ega/ entit/ement to $#ee and 0om+u/ o#. edu0ation' )inority Education 7#ti0/e 3) (1, o$ t"e 2on titution +#o:ide $o# t"e #ig"t o$ t"e mino#itie to e ta1/i " and admini te# edu0ationa/ in titution o$ t"ei# 0"oi0e' 46 "che#e .or pro/idin Duality Education in )adrasas 2"PDE)5 eek to 1#ing a1out Mua/itati:e im+#o:ement in &ad#a a to ena1/e &u /im 0"i/d#en attain tanda#d o$ t"e nationa/ edu0ation . tem in $o#ma/ edu0ation u1?e0t ' T"e uniMue $eatu#e o$ t"i modi$ied 0"eme i t"at it en0ou#age /inking o$ mad#a a 3it" Nationa/ In titute $o# F+en S0"oo/ing (NIFS, a a00#edited 0ent#e $o# +#o:iding $o#ma/ edu0ation5 3"i0" 3i// ena1/e 0"i/d#en tud.ing in u0" mad#a a to get 0e#ti$i0ation $o# 0/a e C5 CIII5 T and TII' T"e NIFS /inkage 3i// 1e eAtended unde# t"i S0"eme $o# Co0ationa/ Edu0ation at t"e e0onda#. and "ig"e# e0onda#. tage o$ mad#a a ' 136 The "che#e o. In.rastructure De/elop#ent in )inority Institutions 2ID)I5 "a 1een o+e#ationa/i ed to augment in$#a t#u0tu#e in +#i:ate aidedQunaided mino#it. 0"oo/ Qin titution in o#de# to en"an0e Mua/it. o$ edu0ation to mino#it. 0"i/d#en' T"e S0"eme 3i// 0o:e# t"e enti#e 0ount#. 1ut5 +#e$e#en0e 3i// 1e gi:en to mino#it. in titution /o0ated in di t#i0t 5 1/o0k and to3n "a:ing a mino#it. +o+u/ation a1o:e 2) +e# 0ent' ED:CATION OF "C+ED:LED CA"TE" AND "C+ED:LED T*IBE" 2on titutiona/ +#o:i ion K 7#ti0/e 46 o$ t"e 2on titution tate t"at5 NNT"e State "a// +#omote5 3it" +e0ia/ 0a#e5 t"e edu0ation and e0onomi0 inte#e t o$ t"e 3eake# e0tion o$ t"e +eo+/e5 and5 in +a#ti0u/a# o$ t"e S0"edu/ed 2a te and S0"edu/ed T#i1e 5 and "a// +#ote0t t"em $#om o0ia/ in?u ti0e and a// $o#m o$ o0ia/ eA+/oitation'EE 7#ti0/e 33)5 3325 3355 338 to 342 and t"e enti#e Ii$t" and SiAt" S0"edu/e o$ t"e 2on titution dea/ 3it" +e0ia/ +#o:i ion $o# im+/ementation o$ t"e o1?e0ti:e et $o#t" in 7#ti0/e 46' T"e e +#o:i ion need to 1e $u//. uti/i*ed $o# t"e 1ene$it o$ t"e e 3eake# e0tion in ou# o0iet.' "ECONDA*= ED:CATION 16 4a "t#i.a &ad".amik S"ik "a 71"i.an (4&S7, !6 S0"eme $o# Setting u+ o$ 6))) )odel "chools at 8/o0k Le:e/ %6 S0"eme $o# 0on t#u0tion and #unning o$ 0irl1s +ostel $o# Se0onda#. and =ig"e# Se0onda#. S0"oo/ 96 S0"eme o$ Co0ationa/i ation o$ Se0onda#. Edu0ation at X2 /e:e/ '6 S0"eme o$ I2T S S0"oo/ (6 In0/u i:e Edu0ation $o# ;i a1/ed at Se0onda#. Stage ,6 Nationa/ &ean -0um-&e#it S0"o/a# "i+ E6 Iinan0ia/ 7 i tan0e $o# 7++ointment o$ Language Tea0"e# 46 7do/e 0en0e Edu0ation -#og#amme 1)' @EN;4IG7 CI;7G7L7G7 S7N%7T=7N 11' 2ENT47L 8F74; FI SE2FN;74G E;627TIFN 12' N7TIFN7L INSTIT6TE FI F-EN S2=FFLIN% (NIFS,
13' N7TIFN7L 2F6N2IL FI E;627TIFN7L 4ESE742= 7N; T47ININ% (N2E4T, 12' N7CF;7G7 CI;G7L7G7 S7&ITI 16 *ashtriya )adhya#i@ "hi@sha A$hiyan 2*)"A5 3a /aun0"ed in 2))9 3it" an o1?e0ti:e to en"an0e a00e to e0onda#. edu0ation and im+#o:e it Mua/it.5 en:i age to a0"ie:e an en#o/ment #ate o$ 75 +e# 0ent $#om 52'26 +e# 0ent in 2))5-)6 in e0onda#. tage 3it"in $i:e .ea# 1. +#o:iding a e0onda#. 0"oo/ 3it"in a #ea ona1/e di tan0e o$ an. "a1itation' T"e ot"e# o1?e0ti:e in0/ude im+#o:ing Mua/it. o$ edu0ation im+a#ted at e0onda#. /e:e/ t"#oug" making a// e0onda#. 0"oo/ 0on$o#m to +#e 0#i1ed no#m 5 #emo:ing gende#5 o0io-e0onomi0 and di a1i/it. 1a##ie# 5 +#o:iding uni:e# a/ a00e to e0onda#. /e:e/ edu0ation 1. 2)17 and a0"ie:ing uni:e# a/ #etention 1. 2)2)' T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment "a// 1ea# 75 +e# 0ent and State %o:e#nment 3i// 1ea# t"e 25 +e# 0ent o$ t"e +#o?e0t eA+enditu#e du#ing t"e 11t" -/an' S"a#ing +atte#n 3i// 1e 5)K5) $o# t"e 12t" -/an' Io# 1ot" t"e +/an +e#iod "a#ing +atte#n 3i// 1e 9)K1) $o# t"e No#t" Ea te#n State ' 4e0ent/. %FI igned ag#eement 3it" D8 $o# 4 5)) &i//ion' 2' "che#e .or construction and runnin o. 0irl1s +ostel .or "econdary and +i her "econdary "chools /aun0"ed in 2))8-)9 and 1eing im+/emented $#om 2))9-1) to et u+ %i#/' =o te/ 3it" 1)) eat in a1out 35))) edu0ationa//. 1a0k3a#d 1/o0k ' T"e S0"eme "a #e+/a0ed t"e ea#/ie# N%F d#i:en S0"eme $o# 0on t#u0tion and #unning o$ %i#/ ' =o te/ $o# tudent o$ Se0onda#. and =ig"e# Se0onda#. S0"oo/ 5 unde# 3"i0" a i tan0e 3a +#o:ided to :o/unta#. o#gani*ation $o# #unning %i#/' =o te/ ' T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e #e:i ed S0"eme i to #etain gi#/ 0"i/d in e0onda#. 0"oo/ o t"at t"e gi#/ tudent a#e not denied t"e o++o#tunit. to 0ontinue t"ei# tud. due to di tan0e to 0"oo/5 +a#ent ' $inan0ia/ a$$o#da1i/it. and ot"e# 0onne0ted o0ieta/ $a0to# ' T"e gi#/ tudent in t"e age g#ou+ 14-18 tud.ing in 0/a e IT to TII and 1e/onging to S25 ST5 F825 &ino#it. 0ommunitie and 8-L $ami/ie 3i// $o#m t"e ta#get g#ou+ o$ t"e S0"eme' Student +a ing out o$ @%8C 3i// 1e gi:en +#e$e#en0e in admi ion in "o te/ ' 7t /ea t 5) +e# 0ent o$ gi#/ admitted 3i// 1e/ong to S25 ST5 F82 and &ino#it. 0ommunite ' S"a#ing +atte#n 3i// 1e 9)K1) 1et3een 0ent#a/ and tate go:t' %6 Inclusi/e Education .or Disa$led at "econdary "ta e 2IED""5 "che#e 3a /aun0"ed $#om t"e .ea# 2))9-1)' IE;SS #e+/a0ed Integ#ated Edu0ation $o# ;i a1/ed 2"i/d#en (IE;2, and 3ou/d +#o:ide a i tan0e $o# t"e in0/u i:e edu0ation o$ t"e di a1/ed 0"i/d#en in 0/a e IT-TII' 96 National )eans-cu#-)erit "cholarship 3a /aun0"ed in 2))8-)9' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e 0"eme i to a3a#d 0"o/a# "i+ to me#ito#iou tudent o$ e0onomi0a//. 3eake# e0tion to a##e t t"ei# d#o+out at 0/a CIII and en0ou#age t"em to 0ontinue in t"e e0onda#. tage t"at i u+ to 0/a TII' 7 +e# t"e 0"eme5 one /ak" 0"o/a# "i+ o$ 4 65)))Q- +a (4 5)) +e# mont", +e# tudent 3i// 1e a3a#ded to t"e e/e0ted tudent ea0" .ea# $o# tud. in 0/a e IT to TII' T"e#e i #e e#:ation a +e# no#m ' '61Incenti/e to 0irls .or "econdary Education1 3a /aun0"ed in 2))8-)9' 7 +e# t"e 0"eme a um o$ 4 3)))Q- 3i// 1e de+o ited in t"e name o$ e/igi1/e gi#/ a $iAed de+o it and "e 3ou/d 1e entit/ed to 3it"d#a3 it a/ong 3it" inte#e t t"e#eon on #ea0"ing 18 .ea# o$ age and "e 3ou/d "a:e a/#ead. +a ed 1)t" 0/a eAamination' T"e 0"eme 3i// 0o:e# a// gi#/ 1e/onging to S2QST 0ommunitie 5 3"o +a 0/a CII and a// gi#/ 3"o +a 0/a CIII eAamination $#om @a tu#1a %and"i Cid.a/a.a and en#o/ in 0/a TII in %o:e#nment5 %o:e#nment-aided and /o0a/ 1od. 0"oo/ ' (6 The In.or#ation and Co##unication Technolo y 2ICT5 O "chool "che#e 3a /aun0"ed in ;e0em1e# 2))4 to +#o:ide o++o#tunitie to e0onda#. tage tudent to main/. 1ui/d t"ei# 0a+a0it. o$ I2T ki// and make t"em /ea#n t"#oug" 0om+ute# aided /ea#ning +#o0e ' T"e S0"eme +#o:ide u++o#t to State Q6nion Te##ito#ie to e ta1/i " ena1/ing I2T in$#a t#u0tu#e in %o:e#nment and %o:e#nment aided e0onda#. and "ig"e# e0onda#. 0"oo/ ' It a/ o aim to et u+ Sma#t 0"oo/ in @C and Na:oda.a Cid.a/a.a 3"i0" a#e +a0e etting in titution o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India to a0t a RTe0"no/og. ;emon t#ato# R and to /ead in +#o+agating I2T ki// among tudent o$ neig"1o#"ood 0"oo/ ' 6nde# t"e S0"eme5 $inan0ia/ a i tan0e i +#o:ided $o# +#o0u#ement o$ 0om+ute# and +e#i+"e#a/ 5 edu0ationa/ o$t3a#e5 t#aining o$ tea0"e# 5 0om+ute# tatione#.5 and inte#net 0onne0ti:it. and $o# monito#ing +u#+o e ' T"e unit 0o t +e# 0"oo/ i 4 6'7) /ak"' 2ent#a/ a i tan0e 1ot" #e0u##ing and non#e0u##ing i +#o:ided in t"e #atio o$ 75K25 1et3een 0ent#e and t"e tate 5 eA0e+t $o# t"e S+e0ia/ 2atego#. tate 3"e#e it i 9)K1)' 7' "che#e .or "ettin up o. (333 )odel "chools at Bloc@ Le/el T"i i a S0"eme to +#o:ide Mua/it. edu0ation to ta/ented #u#a/ 0"i/d#en t"#oug" etting u+ 6))) mode/ 0"oo/ a 1en0"ma#k o$ eA0e//en0e at 1/o0k /e:e/ at t"e #ate o$ one 0"oo/ +e# 1/o0k' T"e S0"eme 3a /aun0"ed in 2))8-)9 and i 1eing im+/emented $#om 2))9-1)'
T"e S0"eme 3i// "a:e t3o mode/ 5 one $o# 35)) edu0ationa//. 1a0k3a#d 1/o0k in go:e#nment e0to# and anot"e# $o# #emaining 25)) 1/o0k ' T"e S0"eme i to 1e im+/emented 1. t"e State %o:e#nment So0ietie e ta1/i "ed $o# im+/ementation o$ t"e S0"eme' T"e "a#ing +atte#n 3ou/d 1e 75K25 $o# 1ot" #e0u##ing and non-#e0u##ing 0o t $o# 0"oo/ 3it" t3o e0tion o$ 0/a CI to TII' T"e "a#ing +atte#n 3ou/d 1e 9)K1) $o# +e0ia/ 0atego#. tate ' T"e 0ent#a/ "a#e i #e/ea ed to t"e im+/ementing agen0. di#e0t/.' T"e a++/i0a1/e State "a#e i a/ o #e/ea ed to t"e im+/ementing agen0. 1. t"e #e +e0ti:e State go:e#nment ' 8' "che#e o. ;ocationalisation o. "econdary Education at P! le/el 3a initiated in 1988 $o# di:e# i$i0ation o$ edu0ationa/ o++o#tunitie o a to en"an0e indi:idua/ em+/o.a1i/it.5 #edu0e t"e mi mat0" 1et3een demand and u++/. o$ ki//ed man+o3e# and +#o:ide an a/te#nati:e $o# t"o e +u# uing "ig"e# edu0ation' T"e #e:i ed S0"eme i in o+e#ation in0e 1992-93' It +#o:ide $o# $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to t"e tate to et u+ admini t#ati:e t#u0tu#e5 a#ea :o0ationa/ u#:e. 5 +#e+a#ation o$ 0u##i0u/um5 teAt 1ook5 3o#k 1ook5 0u##i0u/um guide 5 t#aining manua/5 tea0"e# t#aining +#og#amme5 et0' It a/ o +#o:ide $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to N%F and :o/unta#. o#gani*ation to3a#d im+/ementation o$ +e0i$i0 inno:ati:e +#o?e0t $o# 0ondu0ting "o#t-te#m 0ou# e ' 46Adoloscence Education Pro ra##e 2AEP5 i an im+o#tant initiati:e t"at aim to em+o3e# .oung +eo+/e 3it" a00u#ate5 age a++#o+#iate and 0u/tu#a//. #e/e:ant in$o#mation5 +#omote "ea/t". attitude and de:e/o+ ki// to ena1/e t"em to #e +ond to #ea/ /i$e ituation in +o iti:e and #e +on i1/e 3a. ' N2E4T i t"e 0oo#dinating agen0. o$ 7E- u++o#ted 1. 6nited Nation -o+u/ation Iund (6NI-7, and im+/emented 1. 6 nationa/ agen0ie a' N2E4T 1' 2oun0i/ o$ 8oa#d o$ S0"oo/ Edu0ation (2F8SE, 0' Nationa/ In titute o$ F+en S0"oo/ing (NIFS, d' 28SE e' @C $' NCS 46 NA;ODA=A ;ID=ALA=A "A)ITI 2N;"5 2no7 called Ma7ahar Na/odaya ;idyalayas5 a#e $u//. #e identia/ 0o-edu0ationa/ in titution +#o:iding edu0ation u+ to enio# e0onda#. tage' T"e Cid.a/a.a en:i aged a ne3 t./e o$ g#o3t" 3it" identi$i0ation and de:e/o+ment o$ ta/ented5 1#ig"t and gi$ted 0"i/d#en +#edominant/. $#om #u#a/ a#ea 3"o ma. ot"e#3i e 1e denied good edu0ationa/ o++o#tunitie ' E$$o#t a#e made to en u#e t"at at /ea t 33 +e# 0ent o$ t"e tudent en#o//ed a#e gi#/ ' &ig#ation i a uniMue $eatu#e o$ Na:oda.a Cid.a/a.a 0"eme 3"e#e1. 3) +e# 0ent o$ tudent o$ 2/a IT $#om a Cid.a/a.a /o0ated in =indi +eaking a#ea +end one a0ademi0 .ea# in a Cid.a/a.a /o0ated in Non=indi +eaking a#ea and :i0e:e# a to +#omote nationa/ integ#ation t"#oug" unde# tanding o$ t"e di:e# it. and +/u#a/it. o$ t"e 0ount#.E +eo+/e5 t"ei# /anguage and 0u/tu#e' D:ALIT= I)P*O;E)ENT IN "C+OOL" ;u#ing t"e 1)t" Ii:e Gea# -/an5 NNLua/it. Im+#o:ement in S0"oo/ EE 3a int#odu0ed a a 0om+o ite 0ent#a//. +on o#ed 0"eme "a:ing t"e $o//o3ing 0om+onent K (i, Nationa/ -o+u/ation Edu0ation -#o?e0t5 (ii, En:i#onmenta/ F#ientation to S0"oo/ Edu0ation5 (iii, Im+#o:ement o$ S0ien0e Edu0ation in S0"oo/ 5 (i:, Int#odu0tion o$ Goga in S0"oo/ 5 and (:, Inte#nationa/ S0ien0e F/.m+iad ' 7 de0i ion 3a taken to t#an $e# $ou# o$ t"e e 0om+onent to Nationa/ 2oun0i/ o$ Edu0ationa/ 4e ea#0" and T#aining (N2E4T, 3'e'$' 7+#i/ 2))65 eA0e+t t"e 0om+onent o$ im+#o:ement o$ S0ien0e Edu0ation in 0"oo/ t"at 3a t#an $e##ed to tate ' NATIONAL CO:NCIL OF ED:CATIONAL *E"EA*C+ AND T*AININ0 2NCE*T5 E ta1/i "ed in 19615 (N2E4T, i an a+eA #e ou#0e o#gani*ation o$ %o:e#nment o$ India in t"e $ie/d o$ 0"oo/ edu0ation' It i an autonomou o#gani*ation #egi te#ed unde# So0ietie 4egi t#ation 70t to ad:i e and a i t t"e &ini t#. o$ =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment5 %o:e#nment o$ India and ;e+a#tment o$ Edu0ation in State Q6nion Te##ito#ie in $o#mu/ation and im+/ementation o$ t"ei# +o/i0ie and ma?o# +#og#amme in t"e $ie/d o$ edu0ation5 +a#ti0u/a#/. $o# Mua/itati:e im+#o:ement o$ 0"oo/ edu0ation' Some o$ t"e ma?o# ongoing +#og#amme o$ t"e N2E4T in0/udeK inno:ati:e +#e e#:i0e tea0"e# edu0ation and 0oun e//ing 0ou# e 5 7// India S0"oo/ u#:e.5 u#:e. o$ #e ea#0" in edu0ation5 t#an mi ion o$ edu0ationa/ :ideo +#og#amme on ;; and 7I4 edu0ationa/ 0"anne/ '%.an ;a# "an' and '%.an Cani'5 and tea0"e# t#aining on ne3 teAt1ook t"#oug" te/e0o te/e0on$e#en0ing u ing E;6S7T $a0i/it. et0'
AD:LT ED:CATION 1' Laun0" o$ Saak "a# 8"a#at 2' 7du/t and 2ontinuing Edu0ation 3' S0"eme o$ 7 i tan0e to Co/unta#. 7gen0ie $o# 7du/t Edu0ation and Ski// ;e:e/o+ment 4' State 4e ou#0e 2ent#e (S42 , 5' Ban S"ik "an San t"an 16 Launch o. "aa@shar Bharat T"e 0am+aign $o# tota/ /ite#a0. 1egan 3it" t"e /aun0"ing o$ Nationa/ Lite#a0. &i ion (NL&, in 1988' 700o#ding to 2)11 0en u -an India Lite#a0. #ate i 74')4< 3it" ma/e 82'14< and $ema/e 65'46< T"e Nationa/ Lite#a0. &i ion "a 1een #e0a t a RS77@S=74 8=747TR 3it" +#ime $o0u on $ema/e /ite#a0.' T"e +#og#amme 3i// 0o:e# a// adu/t in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 15 and 1e.ond t"oug" it +#ima#. $o0u 3i// 1e on 3omen' T"e &i ion "a $ou# 1#oad o1?e0ti:e K i' Im+a0t $un0tiona/ /ite#a0. and nume#a0. to non-/ite#ate and non-nume#ate adu/t ' ii' Ena1/e t"e neo-/ite#ate adu/t +e0ia//. .ounge# adu/t to 0ontinue t"ei# /ea#ning 1e.ond 1a i0 /ite#a0. and a0Mui#e eMui:a/en0. to $o#ma/ edu0ationa/ . tem' iii' Im+a#t non and neo-/ite#ate #e/e:ant ki// de:e/o+ment +#og#amme to im+#o:e t"ei# ea#ning and /i:ing 0ondition ' i:' -#omote a /ea#ning o0iet. 1. +#o:iding o++o#tunitie to neo /ite#ate adu/t and ot"e# +otentia/ /ea#ne# $o# 0ontinuing edu0ation' "aa@shar BharatC Enhancin Opportunities .or Li.elon Learnin Saak "a# 8"a#at en:i age to +#o:ide an im+etu to a0"ie:ing t"e goa/ o$ a $u//. /ite#ate o0iet. engaged in /i$e/ong /ea#ning t"#oug"K = ;e:e/o+ment o$ Mua/it. "uman #e ou#0e to meet t"e demand o$ 8"a#at5 in t#an ition' = Em+o3e#ment5 t#an $o#mation and a++/i0ation o$ /ite#a0. ki// ' = 6 e o$ I2T5 &edia and inno:ati:e/. de igned 0u/tu#a/ and /i1#a#. 1a ed a0ti:itie in +e0ia//. de igned 2ontinuing Edu0ation -#og#amme ' = 7 uni$o#m +atte#n o$ EMui:a/en0. $#ame3o#k a0#o t"e 0ount#. to o+en a:enue $o# $u#t"e# edu0ation t"#oug" F+en and di tan0e Lea#ning S. tem ' T"e go:e#nment "a to meet t"e enti#e 0o t o$ tea0"ing/ea#ning in0/uding mate#ia/ and a e ment' = To +#e+a#e a +e0ia//. de igned +#og#amme $o# neo-/ite#ate o$ a1out 2)) "ou# 5 t"e 0om+/etion o$ 3"i0" 3i// me#it a /ea#ne# /ite#a0. /e:e/ eMui:a/ent to Standa#d C' = %i:en t"e di:e# it. o$ 0onteAt 5 need and ta#get g#ou+ 5 di:e# e t#ategie /ike a##angement $o# #e ident 0am+ 5 #e ident in t#u0to# mode and t"eme 1a ed /ite#a0. inte#:ention 5 et0' a +e# t"e need and #eMui#ement o$ t"e /ea#ne# i en u#ed' = 7 +e0ia//. de igned 8a i0 Edu0ation -#og#amme to $a0i/itate neo/ite#ate and 0"oo/ d#o+out to 0ontinue t"ei# /ea#ning 1e.ond 1a i0 /ite#a0. and a0Mui#e eMui:a/en0. to $o#ma/ edu0ation . tem u+ to 0/a TII' = S+e0ia/ im+o#tan0e to ki// de:e/o+ment +#og#amme to eMui+ t"e neo-/ite#ate and non-/ite#ate 3it" ki// to im+#o:e t"ei# /i:e/i"ood o++o#tunitie ' = Ban S"ik "an San t"an to 1e in titutiona//. net3o#ked 3it" t"e 7du/t Edu0ation 2ent#e in t"e :i//age $o# im+a#ting :o0ationa/ t#aining +#og#amme ' Ban S"ik "an San t"an (BSS , a#e e ta1/i "ed to +#o:ide :o0ationa/ t#aining to non/ite#ate5 neo-/ite#ate5 a 3e// a 0"oo/ d#o+out 1. identi$.ing ki// a 3ou/d "a:e a ma#ket in t"e #egion o$ t"ei# e ta1/i "ment' !6 "tate *esource Centres 2"*Cs5 a#e mandated to +#o:ide a0ademi0 and te0"ni0a/ #e ou#0e u++o#t to adu/t and 0ontinuing edu0ation t"#oug" t"e de:e/o+ment and +#odu0tion o$ mate#ia/ and t#aining modu/e ' T"e main $un0tion o$ State 4e ou#0e 2ent#e a#e a $o//o3 K = ;e:e/o+ment o$ tea0"ingQ/ea#ning and t#aining mate#ia/ $o# /ite#a0. +#og#amme ' = -#odu0tion and di emination (in0/uding t#an /ation, o$ /ite#atu#e $o# adu/t edu0ation' = T#aining o$ /ite#a0. $un0tiona#ie ' = 6nde#taking moti:ationa/ and en:i#onment 1ui/ding a0ti:itie $o# adu/t edu0ation' = &u/timedia 3o#k ' = 4unning o$ $ie/d +#og#amme ' = 70tion #e ea#0"5 e:a/uation and monito#ing o$ /ite#a0. +#o?e0t ' = 6nde#taking inno:ati:e +#o?e0t to identi$. $utu#e need o$ /ite#a0. +#og#amme '
+I0+E* ED:CATION :NI;E*"IT= AND +I0+E* ED:CATION T"e#e 3e#e 2) 6ni:e# itie and 5)) 2o//ege at t"e time o$ inde+enden0e' 7t +#e ent5 t"e#e a#e 5)4 uni:e# itie and uni:e# it.-/e:e/ in titution a on 31 ;e0em1e# 2))9 o$ 3"i0" t"e#e a#e 243 State 6ni:e# itie 5 53 +#i:ate uni:e# itie 5 4) 2ent#a/ 6ni:e# itie 5 13) ;eemed 6ni:e# itie 5 33 in titution o$ nationa/ im+o#tan0e e ta1/i "ed unde# 70t o$ -a#/iament5 and $i:e in titution e ta1/i "ed unde# :a#iou State /egi /ation ' :NI;E*"IT= 0*ANT" CO))I""ION 0ame into eAi ten0e on 28 ;e0em1e# 19535 1e0ame a tatuto#. o#gani*ation 1. an 70t o$ -a#/iament in 1956' It i a nationa/ 1od. $o# t"e 0oo#dination5 dete#mination and maintenan0e o$ tanda#d o$ uni:e# it. edu0ation' It e#:e a a 0oo#dinating 1od. 1et3een t"e 6nion and State %o:e#nment and t"e in titution o$ "ig"e# /ea#ning' It a/ o a0t a an ad:i o#. 1od. to t"e e %o:e#nment and in titution on i ue #e/ating to "ig"e# edu0ation' DI"TANCE ED:CATION INDI*A 0AND+I NATIONAL OPEN :NI;E*"IT= 2I0NO:5 e ta1/i "ed in Se+tem1e# 1985 i #e +on i1/e $o# t"e +#omotion o$ F+en 6ni:e# it. and di tan0e edu0ation . tem in t"e edu0ationa/ +atte#n o$ t"e 0ount#. and $o# 0oo#dination and dete#mination o$ tanda#d in u0" . tem ' T"e ma?o# o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e 6ni:e# it. in0/ude 3idening a00e to "ig"e# edu0ation to /a#ge# egment o$ t"e +o+u/ation5 o#gani ing +#og#amme o$ 0ontinuing edu0ation and initiating +e0ia/ +#og#amme o$ "ig"e# edu0ation $o# +e0i$i0 ta#get g#ou+ /ike 3omen5 +". i0a//. 0"a//enged and +eo+/e /i:ing in 1a0k3a#d #egion and "i//. a#ea 5 u0" a NE5 @8@5 and t"o e +#edominant/. in"a1ited 1. t#i1a/ and S2 ' TEC+NICAL ED:CATION T"e te0"ni0a/ edu0ation . tem in t"e 0ount#. 0an 1e 1#oad/. 0/a i$ied into t"#ee 0atego#ie K 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment $unded in titution 5 State %o:e#nmentQState-$unded in titution and e/$ $inan0ed in titution ' T"e 7// India 2oun0i/ $o# Te0"ni0a/ Edu0ation (7I2TE,5 3"i0" i t"e tatuto#. 1od. $o# +#o+e# +/anning and 0oo#dinated de:e/o+ment o$ t"e te0"ni0a/ edu0ation . tem' INDIAN NATIONAL CO))I""ION FO* CO-OPE*ATION >IT+ :NE"CO 2INCC:5 India "a 1een a mem1e# o$ t"e 6nited Nation Edu0ationa/5 S0ienti$i0 and 2u/tu#a/ F#gani ation (6NES2F, in0e 1946' T"e 2ommi ion 0on i t o$ $i:e Su1- 2ommi ion name/.5 Edu0ation5 Natu#a/ S0ien0e5 So0ia/ S0ien0e 5 2u/tu#e and 2ommuni0ation' T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e 2ommi ion i to ad:i e t"e %o:e#nment in matte# $a//ing in t"e domain o$ 6NES2F and to +/a. a #o/e in 6NES2FE 3o#k5 +a#ti0u/a#/. in t"e $o#mu/ation and eAe0ution o$ it +#og#amme ' T"e &ini te# $o# =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment i t"e -#e ident o$ t"e 2ommi ion and t"e Se0#eta#. o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in t"e ;e+a#tment o$ Se0onda#. and =ig"e# Edu0ation i it Se0#eta#. %ene#a/' T"e mem1e# "i+ o$ t"e 2ommi ion i o$ t3o 0atego#ie 9 (i, Indi:idua/ and (ii, in titutiona/ mem1e# di t#i1uted among it $i:e Su1-2ommi ion ' T"e Nationa/ 2ommi ion a0t a an ad:i o#.5 0oo#dinating and /iai on agen0. at t"e nationa/ /e:e/ in #e +e0t o$ a// matte# 3it"in t"e 0om+eten0e o$ 6NES2F' It "a 1een +/a.ing an im+o#tant #o/e +a#ti0u/a#/. in t"e $o#mu/ation and eAe0ution o$ :a#iou +#og#amme in 0o//a1o#ation 3it" 6NES2F Se0#eta#iat a 3e// a t"e Nationa/ 2ommi ion o$ 7 ia and t"e -a0i$i0 #egion' BOO? P*O)OTION Nationa/ 8ook T#u t5 IndiaK T"e Nationa/ 8ook T#u t5 India5 an autonomou o#gani ation unde# t"e &ini t#. o$ =uman 4e ou#0e ;e:e/o+ment5 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1957' T"e a0ti:itie o$ t"e N8T a#e K (i, +u1/i "ing5 (ii, +#omotion o$ 1ook and #eading5 (iii, +#omotion o$ Indian 1ook a1#oad5 (i:, a i tan0e to aut"o# and +u1/i "e# 5 and (:, +#omotion o$ 0"i/d#enE /ite#atu#e' It +#odu0e 1ook in =indi5 Eng/i " and $i$teen ot"e# ma?o# Indian /anguage unde# it :a#iou e#ie and in 8#ai//e' E:e#. a/te#nate .ea#5 N8T o#gani e t"e Do#/d 8ook Iai# in Ne3 ;e/"i5 3"i0" i t"e /a#ge t 1ook $ai# in 7 ia and 7$#i0a' T"e T#u t a/ o o1 e#:e 14-2) No:em1e# e:e#. .ea# a Nationa/ 8ook Deek' COP=*I0+T Act 14', T"e 2o+.#ig"t 8oa#d i a Mua i?udi0ia/ 1od. 0on i ting o$ a 2"ai#man and not /e t"an t3o o# mo#e t"an $ou#teen ot"e# mem1e# ' T"e 2"ai#man and ot"e# mem1e# o$ t"e 8oa#d a#e a++ointed $o# a te#m o$ $i:e .ea# ' T"e 2o+.#ig"t 8oa#d 3a #e0on tituted $o# a te#m o$ $i:e .ea# 3it" e$$e0t $#om 22 Ie1#ua#. 2))1' T"e 8oa#d "ea# 0a e #ega#ding #e0ti$i0ation o$ 0o+.#ig"t #egi t#ation5 di +ute in #e +e0t o$ a ignment o$ 0o+.#ig"t and g#anting /i0en0e in 3o#k 3it""e/d $#om +u1/i0'
India i a mem1e# o$ t"e Do#/d Inte//e0tua/ -#o+e#t. F#gani ation (DI-F, in0e 19765 a +e0ia/i ed agen0. o$ t"e 6nited Nation 3"i0" dea/ 3it" 0o+.#ig"t and ot"e# inte//e0tua/ +#o+e#t. #ig"t and +/a. an im+o#tant #o/e in a// it de/i1e#ation ' Ener y & Chapter 11 T"e &ini t#. o$ -o3e# i +#ima#i/. #e +on i1/e $o# t"e de:e/o+ment o$ e/e0t#i0a/ ene#g. in t"e 0ount#.' In a// te0"ni0a/ matte# 5 t"e &ini t#. o$ -o3e# i a i ted 1. t"e 2ent#a/ E/e0t#i0it. 7ut"o#it. (2E7,' -o3e# de:e/o+ment in India 0ommen0ed at t"e end o$ t"e 19t" 0entu#. 3it" t"e 0ommi ioning o$ e/e0t#i0it. u++/. in ;a#?ee/ing du#ing 18975 $o//o3ed 1. t"e 0ommi ioning o$ a ".d#o+o3e# tation at Si:a amud#am in @a#nataka du#ing 19)2' Central "ector Po7er Corporations T"e 0on t#u0tion and o+e#ation o$ gene#ation and t#an mi ion +#o?e0t in t"e 2ent#a/ e0to# a#e ent#u ted to 2ent#a/ Se0to# -o3e# 2o#+o#ation ' 1' t"e Nationa/ T"e#ma/ -o3e# 2o#+o#ation (NT-2,5 2' t"e Nationa/ =.d#oe/e0t#i0 -o3e# 2o#+o#ation (N=-2,5 3' t"e No#t"-Ea te#n E/e0t#i0 -o3e# 2o#+o#ation (NEE-2F,5 and 4' t"e -o3e# %#id 2o#+o#ation o$ India Limited (-%2IL,' T"e -o3e# %#id i #e +on i1/e $o# a// t"e eAi ting and $utu#e t#an mi ion +#o?e0t in t"e 2ent#a/ Se0to# and a/ o $o# t"e $o#mation o$ t"e Nationa/ -o3e# %#id' T3o ?oint-:entu#e +o3e# 0o#+o#ation 5 name/.5 Sat/u? Ba/ Cid.ut Nigam (SBCN, ($o#me#/. kno3n a NB-2, and Te"#i =.d#o ;e:e/o+ment 2o#+o#ation (T=;2, a#e #e +on i1/e $o# t"e eAe0ution o$ t"e Nat"+a B"ak#i -o3e# -#o?e0t in =ima0"a/ -#ade " and -#o?e0t o$ Te"#i =.d#o -o3e# 2om+/eA in 6tta#ak"and #e +e0ti:e/.' -#og#amme o$ #u#a/ e/e0t#i$i0ation a#e +#o:ided $inan0ia/ a i tan0e 1. t"e 4u#a/ E/e0t#i$i0ation 2o#+o#ation (4E2,' T"e -o3e# Iinan0e 2o#+o#ation (-I2, +#o:ide te#m-$inan0e to +#o?e0t in t"e +o3e# e0to#' 7 -o3e# T#ading 2o#+o#ation "a a/ o 1een in0o#+o#ated +#ima#i/. to u++o#t t"e &ega -o3e# -#o?e0t in +#i:ate e0to# 1. a0ting a a ing/e entit. to ente# into +o3e# -u#0"a e 7g#eement (--7 ,' T"#ee tatuto#. 1odie 5 i'e'5 t"e ;amoda# Ca//e. 2o#+o#ation (;C2,5 t"e 8"ak#a-8ea &anagement 8oa#d (88&8, and 8u#eau o$ Ene#g. E$$i0ien0. (8EE,5 a#e a/ o unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ -o3e#' T"e autonomou 1odie ( o0ietie ,5 name/.5 2ent#a/ -o3e# 4e ea#0" In titute (2-4I, and t"e Nationa/ -o3e# T#aining In titute (N-TI, a#e a/ o unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ -o3e#' :ltra )e a Po7er ProGects 2:)PPs5 a#e 1eing +#omoted 3it" a :ie3 to +#o:iding +o3e# at a #ea ona1/e #ate and en u#ing $a t 0a+a0it. addition 1. t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment a an initiati:e $a0i/itating t"e de:e/o+ment o$ 6/t#a &ega -o3e# -#o?e0t (6&--, o$ 4))) &D 0a+a0it. ea0" unde# ta#i$$ 1a ed inte#nationa/ 0om+etiti:e 1idding #oute' 4 6&-- o $a# "a 1een a3a#ded and t#an $e##ed to t"e de:e/o+e# e/e0ted t"#oug" ta#i$$ 1a ed 0om+etiti:e 1idding a#e Sa an in &'-5 &und#a in %u?a#at5 @#i "na+atnam in 7'-5 Ti/ai.a in B"a#k"and' Ft"e# 6&-- ite 3"i0" a#e $ina/i*ed and t"e +#o?e0t 3o#k in $ina/ tage a#e in 2"atti ga#"5 F#i a5 7'and T'N' CENT*AL ELECT*ICIT= A:T+O*IT= T"e 2E7 ad:i e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment5 State go:e#nment and 4egu/ato#. 2ommi ion on a// te0"ni0a/ matte# #e/ating to gene#ation5 t#an mi ion and di t#i1ution o$ e/e0t#i0it.' T"e 2E7 $a0i/itate eA0"ange o$ +o3e# 3it"in t"e 0ount#. $#om u#+/u to de$i0it #egion and 3it" neig"1ou#ing 0ount#ie $o# mutua/ 1ene$it ' T+E ELECT*ICIT= ACTA !33% T"e main $eatu#e o$ t"e 70t a#e a $o//o3 K (i, %ene#ation "a 1een de/i0en ed and 0a+ti:e gene#ation $#ee/. +e#mitted' =.d#o +#o?e0t 3ou/d5 "o3e:e#5 need 0on0u##en0e $#om t"e 2ent#a/ E/e0t#i0it. 7ut"o#it.' (ii, No /i0en0e #eMui#ed $o# gene#ation and di t#i1ution in #u#a/ a#ea ' (iii, T#an mi ion 6ti/it. at t"e 2ent#a/ a 3e// a State /e:e/5 to 1e a go:e#nment 0om+an. 3it" #e +on i1i/it. $o# +/anned and 0oo#dinated de:e/o+ment o$ t"e t#an mi ion net3o#k' -#o:i ion $o# +#i:ate /i0en ee in t#an mi ion' (i:,F+en a00e in t#an mi ion 3it" +#o:i ion $o# u#0"a#ge $o# taking 0a#e o$ 0u##ent /e:e/ o$ 0#o u1 id. 3it" t"e u#0"a#ge 1eing g#adua//. +"a ed out'
(:, ;i t#i1uting /i0en ee 3ou/d 1e $#ee to unde#take gene#ation5 and gene#ating 0om+anie 3ou/d 1e $#ee to take u+ di t#i1ution' (:i,T"e State %o:e#nment a#e #eMui#ed to un1und/e t"e SE8 ' =o3e:e#5 t"e. ma. 0ontinue 3it" t"em a di t#i1ution /i0en ee and State T#an mi ion 6ti/itie ' (:ii, Setting u+ o$ t"e State E/e0t#i0it. 4egu/ato#. 2ommi ion (SE42 , made mandato#.' (:iii, 7n 7++e//ate T#i1una/ to "ea# a++ea/ again t t"e de0i ion o$ t"e 2E42 and SE42 ' (iA, T"e SE42 a#e #eMui#ed to +e#mit o+en a00e in di t#i1ution in +"a e 3it" u#0"a#ge $o# 0u##ent /e:e/ o$ 0#o u1 id. to 1e g#adua//. +"a ed out a/ong 3it" 0#o u1 idie and o1/igation to u++/.' (A, &ete#ing o$ e/e0t#i0it. u++/ied5 made mandato#.' (Ai, -#o:i ion #e/ating to t"e$t o$ e/e0t#i0it. made mo#e t#ingent' (Aii, T#ading a a di tin0t a0ti:it. #e0ogni ed 3it" t"e a$egua#d o$ t"e 4egu/ato#. 2ommi ion 1eing aut"o#i ed to $iA 0ei/ing on t#ading ma#gin 5 i$ ne0e a#.' (Aiii, Io# #u#a/ and #emote a#ea tand-a/one . tem $o# gene#ation and di t#i1ution +e#mitted' (Ai:, T"#u t to 0om+/ete #u#a/ e/e0t#i$i0ation and +#o:ide $o# management o$ #u#a/ di t#i1ution 1. +an0"a.at 5 0oo+e#ati:e o0ietie 5 non-go:e#nment o#gani*ation 5 $#an0"i ee 5 et0' (A:, T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment to +#e+a#e a Nationa/ E/e0t#i0it. -o/i0. and Ta#i$$ -o/i0.' (A:i, T"e 2ent#a/ E/e0t#i0it. 7ut"o#it. (2E7, to +#e+a#e a Nationa/ E/e0t#i0it. -/an' Auto#atic appro/al .or FDI 7utomati0 a++#o:a/ (48I #oute, $o# 1)) +e# 0ent $o#eign eMuit. i +e#mitted in gene#ation5 t#an mi ion5 and di t#i1ution and t#ading in +o3e# e0to# 3it"out an. u++e# 0ei/ing on t"e Muantum o$ in:e tment' *AMI; 0AND+I 0*A)EEN ;ID=:TI?A*AN =OMANA 0"eme i $o# 4u#a/ E/e0t#i0it. In$#a t#u0tu#e and =ou e"o/d E/e0t#i$i0ation' 4%%CG 3a /aun0"ed in 2))5 $o# t"e attainment o$ t"e Nationa/ 2ommon &inimum -#og#amme o$ +#o:iding a00e to e/e0t#i0it. to a// 4u#a/ =ou e"o/d in $i:e .ea# ' 6nde# 4%%CG 0"eme 9) +e# 0ent 0a+ita/ u1 id. 3ou/d 1e +#o:ided $o# +#o?e0t $o#K (i, 2#eation o$ 4u#a/ E/e0t#i0it. ;i t#i1ution 8a0k1one (4E;8, 3it" 33Q11 @C (o# 66Q11 @C, u1 tation in e:e#. 1/o0k a++#o+#iate/. /inked to t"e State T#an mi ion S. tem' (ii, 2#eation o$ Ci//age E/e0t#i0it. In$#a t#u0tu#e (CEI, $o# e/e0t#i$i0ation o$ a// une/e0t#i$ied :i//age Q"a1itation and +#o:i ion o$ di t#i1ution t#an $o#me#( , o$ a++#o+#iate 0a+a0it. in e:e#. :i//ageQ"a1itation' (iii, ;e0ent#a/i*ed ;i t#i1ution In$#a t#u0tu#e $o# Su++/. S. tem $#om 0on:entiona/ ou#0e $o# Ci//age Q=a1itation 3"e#e g#id u++/. i not 0o t e$$e0ti:e and 3"e#e &ini t#. o$ Non-2on:entiona/ Ene#g. Sou#0e 3ou/d not 1e +#o:iding e/e0t#i0it. t"#oug" t"ei# +#og#amme( ,' 1)) +e# 0ent 0a+ita/ u1 id. $o# $inan0ing o$ e/e0t#i$i0ation o$ a// une/e0t#i$ied 8e/o3 -o:e#t. Line (8-L, "ou e"o/d in t"e 0ount#. a +e# no#m o$ @uti# B.oti -#og#amme in a// #u#a/ "a1itation ' Io# +#o?e0t to 1e e/igi1/e $o# 0a+ita/ u1 id. unde# t"i 0"eme +#io# 0ommitment o$ t"e State 3ou/d 1e taken 1e$o#e an0tion o$ t"e +#o?e0t $o#J (a, de+/o.ment o$ $#an0"i ee $o# t"e management o$ #u#a/ di t#i1ution in +#o?e0t $inan0ed unde# t"i S0"eme5 and (1, -#o:i ion o$ #eMui ite #e:enue u1 id. to t"e State uti/itie a #eMui#ed unde# t"e E/e0t#i0it. 70t5 2))3' 6nde# 4%%CG5 -FDE4%4I; "ad ente#ed into a Muad#i+a#tite ag#eement 3it" 4u#a/ E/e0t#i$i0ation 2o#+o#ation (4E2,5 State %o:e#nment and State -o3e# uti/it.5 $o# unde#taking #u#a/ e/e0t#i$i0ation 3o#k in t"e 0ount#. P:BLIC "ECTO* :NDE*TA?IN0" AND OT+E* O*0ANI"ATION" 1' N7TIFN7L =G;4FELE2T4I2 -FDE4 2F4-F47TIFN LT; (N=-2, &ini 4atna 2' N7TIFN7L T=E4&7L -FDE4 2F4-F47TIFN LI&ITE; (NT-2, Na:#atna - i t"e ing/e /a#ge t +o3e# gene#ato# in India 3' -FDE4 %4I; 2F4-F47TIFN FI IN;I7 LI&ITE; (-FDE4%4I;, 3a in0o#+o#ated a a %o:e#nment ente#+#i e in 1989 $o# t"e e ta1/i "ment o$ o+e#ation o$ #egiona/ and nationa/ +o3e# g#id to $a0i/itate t#an $e# o$ +o3e# 3it"in and a0#o t"e #egion 3it" #e/ia1i/it.5 e0u#it. and e0onom. and on ound 0omme#0ia/ +#in0i+/e ' Na:#atna' -FDE4%4I; "ad di:e# i$ied into Te/e0om 1. in ta//ing F+ti0a/ %#ound Di#e (F-%D, on t#an mi ion to3e# 5 /e:e#aging it 0ount#.3ide t#an mi ion in$#a t#u0tu#e' -FDE4%4I; "a a0Mui#ed in$#a t#u0tu#e -#o:ide# 2atego#. - II (I--II /i0en0e,5 Inte#net Se#:i0e -#o:ide# (IS-, 2atego#. 7 and Nationa/ Long ;i tan0e F+e#ato# (NL;F, /i0en0e to o$$e# a 3ide :a#iet. o$ e#:i0e to :a#iou 0u tome# '
6nde# ACCELE*ATED PO>E* DE;ELOP)ENT AND *EFO*)" P*O0*A))E (7-;4-,5 -FDE4%4I; i a0ting a 7d:i o#-2um-2on u/tant (702, to /end it manage#ia/ and te0"ni0a/ eA+e#ti e $o# im+#o:ement o$ di t#i1ution . tem ACCELE*ATED PO>E* DE;ELOP)ENT AND *EFO*)" P*O0*A))E- to im+#o:e u1t#an mi ion and di t#i1ution . tem in0/uding #edu0tion o$ T#an mi ion H ;i t#i1ution /o e 4' 4647L ELE2T4III27TIFN 2F4-F47TIFN LI&ITE; (4E2, 3a in0o#+o#ated a a 2om+an. unde# 2om+anie 70t5 1956 in 1969 3it" t"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ $inan0ing #u#a/ e/e0t#i$i0ation 0"eme in t"e 0ount#.' T"e eA+anded mandate o$ 4E2 in0/ude $inan0ing o$ a// +#o?e0t in0/uding t#an mi ion and gene#ation 3it"out an. #e t#i0tion on +o+u/ation5 geog#a+"i0a/ /o0ation o# i*e' 4E2 i a -u1/i0 Iinan0ia/ in titution unde# Se0tion 47 o$ t"e 2om+anie 70t5 1956' 4E2 i a/ o #egi te#ed a a Non-8anking Iinan0ia/ 2om+an. (N8I2, unde# Se0tion 45 I7 o$ t"e 48I 70t5 1934' 4E2 i a RNa:#atnaR 0om+an.' 4E2 i a/ o t"e Noda/ 7gen0. $o# im+/ementation o$ 4a?i: %and"i %#ameen Cid.utika#an Go?ana 4%%CG 5' -FDE4 IIN7N2E 2F4-F47TIFN LI&ITE; (-I2, 3a in0o#+o#ated on 16 Bu/. 19865 unde# t"e 2om+anie 70t5 19565 a +a#t o$ %o:e#nment o$ India' initiati:e to en"an0e $unding o$ +o3e# +#o?e0t in India - Na:#atna T"e -o3e# Iinan0e 2o#+o#ation Limited (-I2, i a /eading -o3e# Se0to# Iinan0ia/ In titution and a Non8anking Iinan0ia/ 2om+an.5 +#o:iding $und and non-$und 1a ed u++o#t $o# t"e de:e/o+ment o$ t"e Indian -o3e# Se0to#' F1?e0ti:e - to +#o:ide $inan0ia/ #e ou#0e and en0ou#age $/o3 o$ in:e tment to t"e +o3e# and a o0iated e0to# 5 - to 3o#k a a 0ata/. t to 1#ing a1out in titutiona/ im+#o:ement in t#eam/ining t"e $un0tion o$ it 1o##o3e# in $inan0ia/5 te0"ni0a/ and manage#ia/ a#ea to en u#e o+timum uti/i*ation o$ a:ai/a1/e #e ou#0e 5 - to mo1i/i*e :a#iou #e ou#0e $#om dome ti0 and inte#nationa/ ou#0e at 0om+etiti:e #ate 5 to t#i:e $o# u+g#adation o$ ki// $o# e$$e0ti:e and e$$i0ient g#o3t" o$ t"e e0to#5 and - to maAimi*e t"e #ate o$ #etu#n t"#oug" e$$i0ient o+e#ation and int#odu0tion o$ inno:ati:e $inan0ia/ in t#ument and e#:i0e $o# t"e +o3e# e0to#' -I2 "a a/ o 1een de ignated a t"e noda/ agen0. $o# de:e/o+ment o$ Inde+endent T#an mi ion -#o?e0t (IT-, 1a ed on ta#i$$ 1a ed 0om+etiti:e 1idding +#o0e and i +#e ent/. "and/ing IT-' -I2 "a a/ o e ta1/i "ed t"e '-o3e# Lende# ' 2/u1' 3"i0" 0on i t o$ 18 1ank and in0/ude ma?o# $inan0ia/ in titution 5 /ike =6;2F and LI2' "ATL:M MAL ;ID=:T NI0A) LTD6 SBCN i 0ommitted $o# gene#ating #e/ia1/e and e0o-$#iend/. +o3e# 1. mean o$ tate -o$-t"e-a#t te0"no/og.5 eA0e//en0e in enginee#ing and 0ontinued im+#o:ement in Mua/it. management' S0"edu/e-7 &ini 4atna' Da#K*eser/oir *i/er "tate 8"ak#a Nanga/ Sut/e? =a#.ana5 -un?a15 4a?a t"an 8"ad#a 8"ad#a @a#nataka 2"am1a/ 2"am1a/ &'- and 4a?a t"an %andak %andak 8i"a#5 6'- H Ne+a/ @a#?an @a#?an %u?a#at Ta3a Ta3a &'Te"#idam 8"agi#at"i 6tta#ak"and 6kai Ta+ti %u?a#at Indi#a Saga# Na#mada &'Petroleu# and Natural 0as T"e &ini t#. o$ -et#o/eum and Natu#a/ %a i ent#u ted 3it" t"e #e +on i1i/it. o$ eA+/o#ation and +#odu0tion o$ oi/ and natu#a/ ga in0/uding im+o#t o$ LiMue$ied Natu#a/ %a (LN%,5 and #e$ining5 ma#keting5 di t#i1ution5 im+o#t5 eA+o#t and 0on e#:ation o$ +et#o/eum +#odu0t ' India i a mem1e# o$ t"e Inte#nationa/ Ene#g. Io#um (IEI, 3"i0" +#o:ide a +/at$o#m $o# 1iennia/ meeting o$ t"e &ini te# $#om t"e ene#g. +#odu0ing and 0on uming 0ount#ie ' T"i $o#um 3a ea#/ie# kno3n a O-#odu0e#-2on ume# ;ia/ogueP 1et3een t"e oi/ +#odu0ing and 0on uming 0ount#ie ' T"e +e#manent
e0#eta#iat o$ t"e IEI i in 4i.ad"' T"e mi ion o$ t"e e0#eta#iat i to $u#t"e# t#engt"en and en"an0e t"e +#o0e o$ g/o1a/ dia/ogue on ene#g. at t"e +o/iti0a/ /e:e/' Nationa/ Fi/ 2om+anie (NF2 , (FN%2 and FIL, and +#i:ate and ?oint :entu#e 0om+anie a#e engaged in t"e EA+/o#ation and -#odu0tion (EH-, o$ oi/ and natu#a/ ga in t"e 0ount#.' Li0en0e $o# eA+/o#ation a#e 1eing a3a#ded on/. t"#oug" a 0om+etiti:e 1idding . tem' 2oa/ 8ed &et"ane (28&, i an en:i#onment-$#iend/. 0/ean $ue/ imi/a# to 0on:entiona/ natu#a/ ga ' In o#de# to eA+/o#e and +#odu0e ne3 ou#0e o$ natu#a/ ga $#om 0oa/ 1ea#ing a#ea 5 t"e %o:e#nment "ad $o#mu/ated a 28& +o/i0. $o# eA+/o#ation and +#odu0tion o$ 28&' T"e Fi/ and Natu#a/ %a 2ommi ion (FN%2, 3a e ta1/i "ed on 14 7ugu t 1956 $o# t"e de:e/o+ment o$ +et#o/eum #e ou#0e and a/e o$ +et#o/eum +#odu0t ' T"e name 3a 0"anged to OFi/ and Natu#a/ %a 2o#+o#ation LimitedP $#om 1 Ie1#ua#. 1994' Fi/ India Limited (FIL, i a Nationa/ Fi/ 2om+an. engaged in t"e eA+/o#ation5 +#odu0tion and t#an +o#tation o$ 0#ude oi/ and natu#a/ ga in t"e 0ount#.' FIL 3a in0o#+o#ated in 1959 a a 0om+an. 3it" a t3o-t"i#d "a#e o$ 8u#ma" Fi/ 2om+an. and one-t"i#d "a#e o$ %o:e#nment o$ India' Fn 14 F0to1e# 19815 FIL 1e0ame a %o:e#nment o$ India ente#+#i e5 a 3"o//.-o3ned -u1/i0 Se0to# 6nde#taking' %a 7ut"o#it. o$ India Limited o# %7IL India Limited i in0o#+o#ated in 7ugu t 1984' %7IL "a inte#e t in t"e 1u ine o$ Natu#a/ %a 5 L-%5 LiMuid =.d#o0a#1on and -et#o0"emi0a/ ' T"e 2om+an. "a a/ o ente#ed in te/e0om e0to# 1. /ea ing 1and3idt" a:ai/a1/e t"#oug" t"e FI2 3"i0" i /aid a/ong t"e ga +i+e/ine $o# t"ei# o+e#ation and maintenan0e' %7IL "a a/ o di:e# i$ied into EA+/o#ation and -#odu0tion5 2it. %a ;i t#i1ution and i teadi/. de:e/o+ing an o:e# ea +#e en0e' T"e 7uto Iue/ -o/i0.5 a++#o:ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment5 /aid do3n a #oadma+ $o# u+ g#adation o$ t"e Mua/it. o$ auto $ue/ (-et#o/ and ;ie e/, to 8"a#at Stage (8S, IC in 13 identi$ied 0itie and 8S-III in t"e #e t o$ t"e 0ount#.' 7 +e# t"e #oadma+5 u++/. o$ 8S-IC -et#o/ and ;ie e/ 0ommen0ed in a// 13 identi$ied 0itie $#om 1 7+#i/ 2)1)' 8S-III $ue/ int#odu0ed t"#oug"out t"e 0ount#. $#om 22 Se+tem1e# 2)1)' 2oa/ i t"e main ou#0e o$ ene#g. in t"e 0ount#. and a00ount $o# a1out 67 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0ount#.E 0omme#0ia/ #eMui#ement' Se0ond i -et#o/eum +#odu0t ' Im+o#tant o#gani*ation in 0oa/ mining 2oa/ India Ltd (2IL, Ne.:e/i Lignite 2o#+o#ation (NL2, - integ#ated mining-0um-+o3e# +#o?e0t 3it" o+en 0a t /ignite mine /inked 3it" T"e#ma/ -o3e# Station ' Tota/ 2oa/ 4e e#:e -8 1' B"a#k"and 2' F#i a 3' 2""atti "ga#" 4' De t 8enga/ 5' &ad".a -#ade " 6' 7nd"#a -#ade " 7' &a"a#a "t#a 8' 6tta# -#ade " NE> AND *ENE>ABLE ENE*0= &ini t#. o$ Ne3 and 4ene3a1/e Ene#g. (&N4E, i t"e noda/ &ini t#. o$ %o:e#nment o$ India at t"e nationa/ /e:e/ $o# a// matte# #e/ating to ne3 and #ene3a1/e ene#g. u0" a o/a#5 3ind5 1ioma 5 ma// ".d#o5 ".d#ogen5 1io$ue/ 5 geot"e#ma/ et0' T"e &ini t#. ado+t a t"#ee$o/d t#ateg. $o# t"e de:e/o+ment5 +#omotion and u e o$ #ene3a1/e ene#g. te0"no/ogie a0#o t"e 0ount#.K a, +#o:iding 1udgeta#. u++o#t $o# #e ea#0"5 de:e/o+ment and demon t#ation o$ te0"no/ogie 9 1, $a0i/itating in titutiona/ $inan0e t"#oug" :a#iou $inan0ia/ in titution 9
0, +#omoting +#i:ate in:e tment t"#oug" $i 0a/ in0enti:e 5 taA "o/ida. 5 de+#e0iation a//o3an0e and #emune#ati:e #etu#n $o# +o3e# $ed into t"e g#id' T"e im+o#tan0e o$ #ene3a1/e ene#g. 3a #e0ogni*ed in t"e 0ount#. in t"e ea#/. 197)E ' 7dit.a So/a# S"o+ "a:e 1een et u+ in ma?o# 0itie and to3n in0e 1995' -#ime o1?e0t o$ 7dit.a So/a# S"o+ +#og#amme a#e to make 4ene3a1/e Ene#g. +#odu0t ea i/. a:ai/a1/e to t"e +eo+/e H +#o:ide e$$e0ti:e a$te# a/e e#:i0e ' -#e ent/. t"e "o+ a#e #enamed a 7k "a. 6#?a 3it" a :ie3 to 0o:e# 3ide# a/e and e#:i0e o$ a// #ene3a1/e ene#g. de:i0e and . tem in0/uding o/a# ene#g. +#odu0t ' MA>A+A*ALAL NE+*: NATIONAL "OLA* )I""ION 3a /aun0"ed on 11 Banua#. 2)1) aim at de:e/o+ment and de+/o.ment o$ o/a# ene#g. te0"no/ogie in t"e 0ount#. to a0"ie:e +a#it. 3it" g#id +o3e# ta#i$$ 1. 2)22' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e Nationa/ So/a# &i ion i to e ta1/i " India a a g/o1a/ /eade# in o/a# ene#g.5 1. 0#eating t"e +o/i0. 0ondition $o# it di$$u ion a0#o t"e 0ount#. a Mui0k/. a +o i1/e' T"e immediate aim o$ t"e &i ion i to $o0u on etting u+ a 0ondu0i:e en:i#onment $o# o/a# te0"no/og. +enet#ation in t"e 0ount#. 1ot" at t"e 0ent#a/i*ed and de0ent#a/i*ed /e:e/ ' T"e &i ion ta#get a#e to 0#eate an ena1/ing +o/i0. $#ame3o#k $o# t"e de+/o.ment o$ 2)5))) &D o$ o/a# +o3e# 1. 2)225 in0#ea e 0a+a0it. o$ g#id-0onne0ted o/a# +o3e# gene#ation to 1))) &D 3it"in t"#ee .ea# J1. 2)139 an additiona/ 3))) &D 1. 2)17 t"#oug" t"e mandato#. u e o$ t"e #ene3a1/e +u#0"a e o1/igation 1. uti/itie 1a0ked 3it" a +#e$e#entia/ ta#i$$' *ENE>ABLE ENE*0= FO* *:*AL APPLICATION" In t"i a#ea t"e#e a#e t3o ma?o# +#og#amme J4emote Ci//age E/e0t#i$i0ation and Nationa/ 8ioga -#og#amme' The *e#ote ;illa e Electri.ication 2*;E5 pro ra##e aim at +#o:iding 1a i0 /ig"tingQe/e0t#i0it. $a0i/itie t"#oug" #ene3a1/e ene#g. ou#0e in t"o e une/e0t#i$ied #emote 0en u :i//age and #emote une/e0t#i$ied "am/et o$ e/e0t#i$ied 0en u :i//age 3"e#e g#id 0onne0ti:it. i eit"e# not $ea i1/e o# 0o t e$$e0ti:e' E/igi1i/it. $o# u++o#t 3a eA+anded du#ing t"e .ea# to 0o:e# a, a// 0en u une/e0t#i$ied :i//age and t"ei# "am/et not 0o:e#ed unde# 4a?i: %and"i %#ameen Cid.utika#an Go?ana5 a 0on$i#med 1. 4E2 and une/e0t#i$ied "am/et o$ e/e0t#i$ied 0en u :i//age "a:ing +o+u/ation o$ mo#e t"an 3)) and 3"i0" a#e ituated at /ea t 3 km $#om t"e nea#e t di t#i1ution t#an $o#me# o$ t"e %#id9 and 1, 6n0o:e#ed "ou e"o/d 3"i0" eAi ted a on 31 ;e0em1e# 2))95 o$ e/igi1/e :i//age and "am/et 3"i0" "a:e 1een ea#/ie# taken u+ unde# 4emote Ci//age E/e0t#i$i0ation -#og#amme' National Bio as and )anure )ana e#ent Pro ra##eC aim in etting u+ o$ $ami/. t.+e 1ioga +/ant $o# meeting t"e 0ooking ene#g. need in #u#a/ a#ea o$ t"e 0ount#.' Ne3 initiati:e $o# 1ott/ing o$ 1ioga to demon t#ate an Integ#ated Te0"no/og.-+a0kage in ent#e+#eneu#ia/ mode on medium i*e (2))-1))) 0umQda., miAed $eed 1ioga -$e#ti/i*e# +/ant (8%I-, $o# gene#ation5 +u#i$i0ationQen#i0"ment5 1ott/ing and +i+ed di t#i1ution o$ 1ioga i a/ o taken u+' "olar Photo/oltaic 2"P;5 De#onstrationC In o#de# to en0ou#age +#o:i ion o$ o/a# /ig"ting in a#ea "a:ing t"e g#id 1ut u$$e#ing $#om +o3e# "o#tage a ne3 0"eme i initiated to +#o:ide in0enti:e to 8ank 5 e +e0ia//. 4egiona/ 4u#a/ 8ank 5 $o# +#omotiona/ a0ti:itie to eAtend mi0#o-$inan0e /oan to 0on ume# to +u#0"a e o/a# "ome /ig"ting and ot"e# o/a# . tem $o# +o3e#ing ma// /oad ' *ice hus@ $ased $io#ass asi.ication proGects to +#o:ide +#ima#. /ig"tning o$ :i//age in +add. g#o3ing a#ea ' )icro +ydel ProGects and :p radation o. >ater )ills6 *ene7a$le Ener y .or :r$an Applications In u#1an a#ea 5 t"e +#ima#. $o0u i on o/a# 3ate# "eating . tem and 0on t#u0tion o$ g#een 1ui/ding' 0reen Buildin sC 8ui/ding 0on ume mo#e t"an 4) +e# 0ent o$ tota/ ene#g. u e g/o1a//.' T"e ene#g. u e in 1ui/ding 5 e +e0ia//. in de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie 5 i g#o3ing due to #a+id u#1ani*ation' In India5 t"e #ea/ e tate and 0on t#u0tion e0to#5 g#o3ing at a #ate o$ a1out 1) +e# 0ent5 #e+#e ent among t t"e 1e t and mo t 0o t e$$e0ti:e o++o#tunitie $o# #edu0ing ene#g. demand' It i +o i1/e to #edu0e ene#g.
0on um+tion t"#oug" a++#o+#iate 0/imate #e +on i:e 1ui/ding de ign and ene#g. e$$i0ien0. mea u#e ' %#een 1ui/ding add#e i ue #e/ated to 3ate# and 3a te management5 en:i#onmenta/ im+a0t5 and minimum de t#u0tion o$ natu#a/ #e ou#0e 5 1e ide i ue 0on0e#ning ene#g. u++/. and 0on e#:ation' %4I=7 i Nationa/ 4ating S. tem de:e/o+ed to '#ate' a 1ui/ding on t"e deg#ee o$ it g#eenne 1. Mua/itati:e and Muantitati:e a e ment' 1Ener y E..icient "olarK0reen Buildin s< 0"eme main o1?e0ti:e i to +#omote t"e 3ide +#ead 0on t#u0tion o$ ene#g. e$$i0ient o/a#Qg#een 1ui/ding in t"e 0ount#. t"#oug" a 0om1ination o$ $inan0ia/ and +#omotiona/ in0enti:e ' 6nde# t"i 0"eme $i# t 1)) %4I=7 #ated %o:t Q -u1/i0 Se0to# 8ui/ding a#e eAem+ted $#om +a.ing #egi t#ation-0um-#ating $ee in ad:an0e at t"e time o$ #egi t#ation' T"e +#o?e0t #egi te#ed 3it" %4I=7 in0/ude 2ommon3ea/t" %ame Ci//age +#o?e0t in Ne3 ;e/"i' "olar Air +eatin K"tea# 0eneratin "yste#s $o# ai# 0onditioning "ad 1een et u+ at a "o +ita/ in T"ane and a moto#0.0/e manu$a0tu#ing $a0to#. nea# 2"ennai' So/a# ai# 0onditioning . tem a#e e$$i0ient and #eMui#e /e +a0e' Ener y *eco/ery Fro# :r$an >asteC %ene#ation o$ +o3e# $#om &uni0i+a/ So/id Da te at 8enga/u#u and ;e/"i' "pecial Area De#onstration ProGects - 8ioga +#odu0tion $#om $ood and kit0"en 3a te at +/a0e o$ 0ommunit. 0ookingQ/a#ge kit0"en and eating ?oint ' 5)< u++o#t i gi:en $o# go:e#nment e ta1/i "ment and 25 +e# 0ent $o# +#i:ate e ta1/i "ment i 1eing +#o:ided unde# t"e 0"eme' 0rid - Interacti/e *ene7a$le Po7er i $#om Dind5 Sma// =.d#o5 8ioma +o3e#Q2ogen5 8ioma %a i$i0ation5 So/a#5 8ioga ' 8io--o3e# 0om+#i e o$ 8ioma +o3e# Q 1aga e 0ogene#ation5 Non-1aga e 0ogene#ation5 8ioma ga i$ie#5 6#1an H Indu t#ia/ 3a te ' I6 Po7er Fro# *ene7a$les A6 0rid-Interacti/e rene7a$le po7er6 16 Bio#ass Po7er 2A ro residues H Plantations5 !6 >ind Po7er %6 "#all +ydro Po7er 2upto !' )>5 96 Co eneration-$a asse '6 >aste to Ener y 2:r$an H Industrial5 (6 "olar Po7er II6 DecentraliLed *ene7a$le Ener y "yste#s 1!6 Fa#ily Type Bio as Plants 1%6 "olar Photo/oltaic "yste#s i6 "treet Li htin "yste#s ii6 +o#e Li htin "yste#s iii6 "olar Lanterns 196 "olar Ther#al Pro ra##e i6 "olar >ater +eatin syste#s ii "olar Coo@ers 1'6 >ind Pu#ps 1(6 "olar Photo/oltaic Pu#ps III6 *e#ote ;illa e Electri.ication I;6 Other Pro ra##es 1, Ener y Par@s 1E Aditya "olar "hops 14 Battery Operated ;ehicles TEC+NICAL IN"TIT:TION" B6 O..-0ridKDistri$uted *ene7a$le Po7er includin Capti/eKC+P Plants6 ,6 Bio#assKCo eneration 2non-Ba asse5 E6 Bio#ass 0asi.ier 46 Ener y *eco/ery .ro# >aste 136 "olar P; Po7er Plants 116 Aero- enerator +y$rid "yste#s
"olar Ener y Centre 2"EC5 & Ne7 Delhi Te ting o$ So/a# -"oto:o/tai0 S. tem - o/a# /ante#n 5 "ome /ig"ting . tem 5 t#eet /ig"ting . tem 5 /umina#ie and 0"a#ge 0ont#o//e# 1a ed on Lig"t emitting diode (LE;, a 3e// a 0om+a0t $/uo#e 0ent /am+ (2-L, i done' Centre .or >ind Ener y Technolo y - Chennai V 2o//e0tion o$ 3ind +eed at di$$e#ent "u1 "eig"t 1. de+/o.ing Sound ;ete0tion and 4anging in t#ument $o# 3ind #e ou#0e a e ment 3a 0ontinued' V 7 3ind ene#g. $o#e0a ting +#o?e0t $o# a 6)) kD eA+e#imenta/ 3ind tu#1ine "a 1een initiated' V 4ene3a/ o$ -#o:i iona/ T.+e 2e#ti$i0ation o$ t"#ee 3ind tu#1ine mode/ 3a 0om+/eted' V -#e+a#ation o$ Indian Dind 7t/a in a o0iation 3it" 4i o Nationa/ La1o#ato#.5 ;enma#k u ing mi0#o and me o 0a/e mode/ 5 and 3ind #e ou#0e a e ment tudie at di$$e#ent /o0ation 5 "a 1een 0om+/eted and t"e 3ind at/a i unde# +u1/i0ation' "ardar "7aran "in h National Institute o. *ene7a$le Ener y 2"""-NI*E5 & -un?a1 Ba/ande#' Chapter 1! & En/iron#ent &ini t#. o$ En:i#onment H Io#e t T"e 1#oad o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e &ini t#. a#eK 2on e#:ation and u#:e. o$ $/o#a5 $auna5 $o#e t and 3i/d/i$e5 -#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ +o//ution5 7$$o#e tation and #egene#ation o$ deg#aded a#ea 5 -#ote0tion o$ t"e en:i#onment5 and En u#ing t"e 3e/$a#e o$ anima/ ' T"e e o1?e0ti:e a#e 3e// u++o#ted 1. a et o$ /egi /ati:e and #egu/ato#. mea u#e 5 aimed at t"e +#e e#:ation5 0on e#:ation and +#ote0tion o$ t"e en:i#onment' 8e ide t"e /egi /ati:e mea u#e 5 Nationa/ Io#e t -o/i0.5 19889 Natu#a/ 2on e#:ation St#ateg. and -o/i0. Statement on En:i#onment and ;e:e/o+ment5 19929 -o/i0. Statement on 71atement o$ -o//ution5 19929 and Nationa/ En:i#onment -o/i0. 2))6 "a:e a/ o 1een e:o/:ed' The Botanical "ur/ey o. India 2B"I5 e ta1/i "ed on 13 Ie1#ua#. 189) i t"e a+eA #e ea#0" o#gani*ation $o# 0a##.ing out taAonomi0 and $/o#i ti0 tudie on 3i/d +/ant #e ou#0e o$ t"e 0ount#.' T"e 1a i0 o1?e0ti:e i to eA+/o#e t"e +/ant #e ou#0e o$ t"e 0ount#. and to identi$. t"e +/ant +e0ie 3it" e0onomi0 :i#tue ' Si# %eo#ge @ing5 t"e t"en Su+e#intendent o$ t"e '4o.a/ 8otani0 %a#den' 2a/0utta 3a a++ointed a Ii# t eA-o$$i0io =ono#a#. ;i#e0to# o$ t"e 8SI' T"e >oo/ogi0a/ Su#:e. o$ India (>SI, in0e+ted in 1916 3it" it =L in @o/kata "a 1een unde#taking u#:e.5 eA+/o#ation and #e ea#0" /eading to t"e ad:an0ement o$ ou# kno3/edge on t"e eA0e+tiona//. #i0" $auna/ di:e# it. o$ t"e 0ount#.' FO*E"T ":*;E= OF INDIA 2F"I5A DE+*AD:N i a +#emie# nationa/ o#gani*ation $o# $o#e t #e ou#0e a e ment $o# 0o//e0tion o$ data on 0ienti$i0 /ine t"#oug" 0ount#.3ide 0om+#e"en i:e $o#e t #e ou#0e u#:e. at #egu/a# inte#:a/ ' T"e main a0ti:it. i$ ISI i to a e $o#e t 0o:e#5 ma++ing5 data +#o0e ing and 0ondu0ting t#aining'It "a $ou# 4egiona/ F$$i0e at S"im/a5 @o/kata5 Nag+u# and 8enga/u#u' Io#e t Su#:e. o$ India (ISI, a e e $o#e t 0o:e# o$ t"e 0ount#. 1. inte#+#etation o$ #emote en ing ate//ite data and +u1/i "e t"e #e u/t in a 1iennia/ #e+o#t 0a//ed NState o$ Io#e t 4e+o#t (SI4,'' India' $o#e t 0o:e# i 69')9 mi//ion "a 3"i0" i 21')2 < o$ t"e geog#a+"i0a/ a#ea' F$ t"i 5 31'9) mi//ion "a i mode#ate/. den e $o#e t (9'7)<, and t"e #e t 28'84 mi//ion "a i o+en $o#e t (8'77<,5 8'35 mi//ion "a i :e#. den e $o#e t (2'54<,' 7 0om+a#i on o$ t"e $o#e t 0o:e# o$ t"e 0ount#. 1et3een t"e 2)1) and t"e +#e0eding a e ment (2))5, "o3 t"at t"e#e i a net gain o$ 728 km2 Z Mua#e km du#ing t"e +e#iod' T"e $o#e t 0o:e# data 3a ana/.*ed in %IS $o#mat to dete#mine t"e $o#e t 0o:e# in di$$e#ent a/titudina/ *one $o# t"e $i# t time' T"e *one $o# ana/. i 3e#e K )-5)) m5 5))-1))) m5 1)))-2))) m5 2)))-3))) m and a1o:e 3))) m and a1o:e 4))) m (not uita1/e $o# in0#ea ing $o#e t,' 7 +e# t"i 0a/e5 t"e $o#e t and t#ee 0o:e# o$ t"e 0ount#. 1e0ome 25'25 +e# 0ent o$ t"e geog#a+"i0a/ a#ea' T"e StateQ6T 3i e $o#e t 0o:e# in t"e 0ount#. 1' &ad".a -#ade " 3it" 7'77 mi//ion "a (0on tituting 11'25 +e# 0ent,
2' 7#una0"a/ -#ade " (9'75 +e# 0ent,5 3' 2""atti ga#" (8')9 +e# 0ent,5 4' &a"a#a "t#a (7'33 +e# 0ent, and 5' F#i a (7')7+e# 0ent,' T"e Se:en No#t"-Ea t State toget"e# a00ount $o# a1out one $ou#t" o$ t"e tota/ $o#e t 0o:e# o$ t"e 0ount#.' India' t#ee 0o:e# "a 1een e timated a 92769 km2 0on tituting 2'82 +e# 0ent o$ t"e geog#a+"i0a/ a#ea o$ t"e 0ount#.' T#ee 0o:e# 0on titute t"e /a#ge t a#ea in &a"a#a "t#a (95466 km2, $o//o3ed 1. %u?a#at (8539) km2,5 4a?a t"an (85274km2, and 6tta# -#ade " (75381km2,' T#ee 0o:e# 1' &a"a#a "t#a (95466 km2, 2' %u?a#at (8539) km2,5 3' 4a?a t"an (85274km2, 4' 6tta# -#ade " (75381km2,' CON"E*;ATION- )AN0*O;E" AND CO*AL *EEF" T"e 2oa ta/ 4egu/ation >one (24>, Noti$i0ation (1991, unde# t"e En:i#onmenta/ -#ote0tion 70t (1986, #e0ogni*e t"e mang#o:e and 0o#a/ #ee$ a#ea a e0o/ogi0a//. en iti:e and 0atego#i*e t"em a 24>-I 24>-I im+/ie t"at t"e e a#ea a#e a00o#ded +#ote0tion o$ t"e "ig"e t o#de#' 6nde# t"e +#omotiona/ mea u#e 5 t"e %o:e#nment "a identi$ied 28 mang#o:e a#ea and $ou# 0o#a/ #ee$ a#ea on a 0ount#.-3ide 1a i $o# inten i:e 0on e#:ation and management' T"e Nationa/ -o/i0.5 2))6 #e0ogni*e t"at mang#o:e and 0o#a/ #ee$ a#e im+o#tant 0oa ta/ en:i#onmenta/ #e ou#0e 3"i0" +#o:ide "a1itat $o# ma#ine +e0ie 9 +#ote0tion $#om eAt#eme 3eat"e# e:ent 9 and a #e ou#0e 1a e $o# u taina1/e tou#i m' T"e -o/i0. a/ o #e0ogni*e t"at mang#o:e 5 a indeed t"e ot"e# 0oa ta/ #e ou#0e /ike 0o#a/ #ee$ and 0oa ta/ $o#e t 5 $a0e t"#eat $#om :a#iou Mua#te# ' 7 +e# t"e State o$ Io#e t 4e+o#t 2))95 t"e mang#o:e 0o:e# in t"e 0ount#. i 45639 M km 3"i0" i )'14 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0ount#.' tota/ geog#a+"i0a/ a#ea' De t 8enga/ "a nea#/. "a/$ o$ t"e 0ount#.' mang#o:e ' T"e#e "a 1een an in0#ea e o$ 58 M km in mang#o:e 0o:e# main/. 1e0au e o$ t"e +/antation and +#ote0tion mea u#e in t"e tate o$ %u?a#at5 F#i a5 Tami/ Nadu and De t 8enga/' ;e0#ea e in &ang#o:e 0o:e# in 7ndaman H Ni0o1a# I /and i att#i1uted to a$te# e$$e0t o$ t unami' CO*AL *EEF" T"e $ou# ma?o# 0o#a/ #ee$ a#ea identi$ied $o# inten i:e 0on e#:ation and management a#eK 1' %u/$ o$ &anna# 2' %u/$ o$ @a0"0"" 3' Lak "ad3ee+ and 4' 7ndaman and Ni0o1a# I /and ' T"e Indian #ee$ a#ea i e timated to 1e 25375 km2' T3o tie# . tem at nationa/ and State /e:e/ a#e in o+e#ation $o# e$$e0ti:e 0oo#dination to im+/ement t"e S0"eme on &ang#o:e and 2o#a/ 4ee$ ' BIO"P+E*E *E"E*;E" 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e a#e a#ea o$ te##e t#ia/ and 0oa ta/ e0o . tem 3"i0" a#e inte#nationa//. #e0ogni*ed 3it"in t"e $#ame3o#k o$ 6NES2FE &an and 8io +"e#e (&78, +#og#amme' T"e e 4e e#:e a#e #eMui#ed to meet a minima/ et o$ 0#ite#ia and ad"e#e to a minima/ et o$ 0ondition 1e$o#e 1eing admitted to t"e Do#/d Net3o#k o$ 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e de ignated 1. 6NES2F' T"e e 4e e#:e a#e #i0" in 1io/ogi0a/ and 0u/tu#a/ di:e# it. and en0om+a uniMue $eatu#e o$ eA0e+tiona//. +#i tine natu#e' T"e goa/ i to $a0i/itate 0on e#:ation o$ #e+#e entati:e /and 0a+e and t"ei# immen e 1io/ogi0a/ di:e# it. and 0u/tu#a/ "e#itage5 $o te# e0onomi0 and "uman de:e/o+ment 3"i0" i 0u/tu#a//. and e0o/ogi0a//. u taina1/e and to +#o:ide u++o#t $o# #e ea#0"5 monito#ing edu0ation and in$o#mation eA0"ange' India "a 1een di:ided into 1) 8iogeog#a+"i0 *one and t"e e *one toget"e# 0on i t o$ 25 1iogeog#a+"i0 +#o:in0e ' T"e aim i to de ignate one #e+#e entati:e ite a 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e in ea0" 1iogeog#a+"i0 +#o:in0e $o# /ong te#m 0on e#:ation'
T"e +#og#amme 3a initiated in 1986 and ti// date 18 ite "a:e 1een de ignated a 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e (84, in di$$e#ent +a#t o$ t"e 0ount#.' Fut o$ t"e 18 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e de ignated nationa//.5 8 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e "a:e 1een in0/uded in t"e Do#/d Net3o#k o$ 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e o $a#' 1 Ni/gi#i Tami/ Nadu5 @e#a/a and @a#nataka 2))) 2 %u/$ o$ &anna# Tami/ Nadu 2))1 3 Sunde#1an De t 8enga/ 2))1 4 Nanda ;e:i 6tta#ak"and 2))4 5 Nok#ek &eg"a/a.a 2))9 6 -a0"ma#"i &ad".a -#ade " 2))9 7 Simi/i+a/ F#i a 2))9 8 70"anakma# &-5 2"atti ga#" 2)12 7ma#kantak T"e +#o+o a/ in #e +e0t o$ @an0"en?unga (Sikkim, and &ana (7 am, a#e in a0ti:e 0on ide#ation o$ t"e 6NES2F $o# t"ei# #e0ognition on t"e 3o#/d net3o#k' List o. Biosphere *eser/es in IndiaA date o. desi nation and its location No Na#e o. the Biosphere Date o. Location *eser/e 2area5 Desi nation 1 Ni/gi#i (552), 1'8'1986 -a#t o$ D.nad5 Naga#"o/e5 8andi+u# and &aduma/ai5 Ni/am1u#5 Si/ent Ca//e. and Si#u:ani "i// in Ta#il NaduA ?erala and ?arnata@a6 2 Nanda ;e:i (586)'69, 18'1'1988 -a#t o$ 2"amo/i5 -it"o#aga#" and 7/mo#a di t#i0t in :ttara@hand' 3 Nok#ek (82), 1' 9'1988 -a#t o$ Ea t5 De t and Sout" %a#o =i// di t#i0t in )e halaya' 4 &ana (2837, 14'3'1989 -a#t o$ @ok#a?"a#5 8ongaigaon5 8a#+eta5 Na/1a#i5 @am+#u+ and ;a#ang di t#i0t in Assa#' 5 Sunde#1an (963), 29'3'1989 -a#t o$ de/ta o$ %ange H 8#a"ama+ut#a #i:e# . tem in >est Ben al' 6 %u/$ o$ &anna# (1)5)), 18'2'1989 India +a#t o$ %u/$ o$ &anna# eAtending $#om 4ame 3a#am i /and in t"e No#t" to @an.akuma#i in t"e Sout" o$ Ta#il Nadu6 7 %#eat Ni0o1a# (885, 6'1'1989 Sout"e#nmo t i /and o$ Anda#an and Nico$ar Islands6 8 Simi/i+a/ (4374, 21'6'1994 -a#t o$ &a.u#1"an? di t#i0t in Orissa' 9 ;i1#u-Saik"o:a (765, 28'7'1997 -a#t o$ ;i1#uga#" and Tin ukia di t#i0t in Assa#' 1) ;e"ang-;i1ang (5111'5, 2'9'1998 -a#t o$ 6++e# Siang5 De t Siang and ;i1ang Ca//e. di t#i0t in 2'9'1998 Arunachal Pradesh' 11 -a0"ma#"i (4981'72, 3'3'1999 -a#t o$ 8etu/5 =o "anga1ad and 2""ind3a#a di t#i0t in )adhya Pradesh6 12 @"ang0"end*onga 7'2'2))) -a#t o$ No#t" and De t di t#i0t in "i@@i#' (2619'92, 13 7ga t".ama/ai (35))'36, 12'11'2))1 -a#t o$ T"i#une/:e/i and @an.akuma#i di t#i0t in Ta#il Nadu and T"i#u:ant"a+u#am5 @o//am and -at"anmt"itta di t#i0t in ?erala6 14 70"anakma#- 7ma#kantak 3)'3'2))5 -a#t o$ 7nu++u# and ;indo#i di t#i0t o$ )adhya Pradesh and (35835' 51, 8i/a +u# di t#i0t o$ Chattis arh6 15 @a0"0"" (125454, 29'1'2))8 -a#t o$ @a0"0""5 4a?kot5 Su#end#anaga# and -atan di t#i0t in 0uGarat' 16 2o/d de e#t (7577), 28'8'2))9 -in Ca//e. Nationa/ -a#k and u##ounding 9 2"and#ata/ H Sa#0"u9 and @i11e# Di/d/i$e an0tua#. in +i#achal Pradesh6 17 Se "a0"a/am (4755'997, 2)'9'2)1) Se "a0"a/am "i// #ange in Ea te#n %"at en0om+a ing +a#t o$ 2"ittoo# and @ada+a di t#i0t in Andhra Pradesh6 18 -anna (2998'98, 25'8'2)11 -a#t o$ -anna and 2""atta#+u# di t#i0t in )adhya Pradesh6 T"e 0o#e a#ea o$ t"e 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e 0ontinue to 1e +#ote0ted unde# t"e Di/dLi$e (-#ote0tion, 70t5 19725 Indian Io#e t 70t5 1927 and Io#e t 2on e#:ation 70t5 198)' =o3e:e#5 e+a#ate 4egu/ation 3it"in
t"e $#ame3o#k o$ eAi ting En:i#onment (-#ote0tion, 70t5 1986 i 1eing $i#med u+ to #egu/ate a0ti:itie 3it"in 8u$$e# >one o$ t"e 8io +"e#e 4e e#:e ' BIODI;E*"IT= CON"E*;ATION 8iodi:e# it. i t"e :a#ia1i/it. among /i:ing o#gani m and e0o/ogi0a/ 0om+/eAe o$ 3"i0" t"e. a#e +a#t5 in0/uding di:e# it. 3it"in and 1et3een +e0ie and e0o . tem ' 8iodi:e# it. "a di#e0t 0on um+ti:e :a/ue in $ood5 ag#i0u/tu#e5 medi0ine and indu t#.' T"e 2on:ention on 8io/ogi0a/ ;i:e# it. (28;, i t"e $i# t 0om+#e"en i:e g/o1a/ ag#eement 3"i0" add#e e a// a +e0t #e/ating to 1iodi:e# it.5 ado+ted du#ing t"e Ea#t" Summit "e/d in 4io de Banei#o in 1992' T"#ee main goa/ o$ 28;K 1' 2on e#:ation o$ 1io/ogi0a/ di:e# it.5 2' Su taina1/e u e o$ it 0om+onent 5 and 3' Iai# and eMuita1/e "a#ing o$ t"e 1ene$it $#om t"e u e o$ geneti0 #e ou#0e ' India i a +a#t. to t"e 28;' T"e 28;5 3"i0" "a nea# uni:e# a/ mem1e# "i+ 3it" 19) 0ount#ie a it -a#tie ' India "o ted t3o meeting $o# t"e 28; in 2))9 i'e' an EA+e#t &eeting on T#aditiona/ @no3/edge in =.de#a1ad $#om 16-19 Bune 2))9 and an 7 ia -a0i$i0 4egiona/ Do#k "o+ on -#ote0ted 7#ea in ;e"#adun on 12-15 F0to1e# 2))9' In +u# uan0e to t"e 28;5 India "ad ena0ted t"e 8io/ogi0a/ ;i:e# it. 70t in 2))2' T"e 8io/ogi0a/ 4u/e 3e#e noti$ied in 2))4' India i one o$ t"e $i# t $e3 0ount#ie to "a:e ena0ted u0" /egi /ation' T"e 70t i to 1e im+/emented t"#oug" a t"#ee-tie#ed in titutiona/ t#u0tu#eK - Nationa/ 8iodi:e# it. 7ut"o#it.9 - State 8iodi:e# it. 7ut"o#it.9 and - 1iodi:e# it. &anagement 2ommittee ' T"e %eneti0 Enginee#ing 7++#o:a/ 2ommittee5 t"e a+eA 1od. unde# t"e 4u/e 5 1989 "a t"e mandate to a++#o:e t"e /a#ge 0a/e t#ia/ and 0omme#0ia/ #e/ea e o$ Li:ing &odi$ied F#gani m (L&F ,' T"e #u/e a/ o 0o:e# t"e a++/i0ation o$ "a*a#dou mi0#o o#gani m 3"i0" ma. not 1e geneti0a//. modi$ied' =a*a#dou mi0#o o#gani m in0/ude t"o e 3"i0" a#e +at"ogeni0 to anima/ a 3e// a +/ant ' T"e 2a#tagena -#oto0o/ on 8io a$et.5 t"e $i# t inte#nationa/ #egu/ato#. $#ame3o#k $o# a$e t#an $e#5 "and/ing and u e o$ Li:ing &odi$ied F#gani m (L&F , 3a negotiated unde# t"e aegi o$ t"e 2on:ention on 8io/ogi0a/ ;i:e# it. (28;,' T"e -#oto0o/ 3a ado+ted on 29 Banua#.5 2)))' India "a a00eded t"e 8io a$et. -#oto0o/ on 17 Banua#. 2))3' T"e -#oto0o/ "a 0ome into $o#0e on 11 Se+tem1e# 2))3' 7 o$ date5 157 0ount#ie a#e +a#tie to t"e -#oto0o/' T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e +#oto0o/ i to 0ont#i1ute to en u#ing an adeMuate /e:e/ o$ +#odu0tion in t"e $ie/d o$ t"e a$e t#an $e#5 "and/ing o$ L&F #e u/ting $#om mode#n 1iote0"no/og. t"at ma. "a:e ad:e# e e$$e0t on t"e 0on e#:ation and u taina1/e u e o$ 1io/ogi0a/ di:e# it. taking into a00ount #i k to "uman "ea/t"' BOTANIC 0A*DEN OF T+E INDIAN *EP:BLIC 2B0I*5A NOIDA 3a et u+ in 7+#i/ 2))2 to $a0i/itate e> situ 0on e#:ation and +#o+agation o$ #a#e and t"#eatened indigenou +/ant o$ t"e 0ount#.' It a/ o e#:e a a N2ent#e o$ EA0e//en0eE $o# #e ea#0" and t#aining' :NDP-0OI CCF II ProGect & O$Gecti/e is pro#otin Conser/ation o. )edicinal Plants and Traditional ?no7led e .or enhancin +ealth and Li/elihood "ecurity T"e 6nited Nation ;e:e/o+ment -#og#amme (6N;-, i t"e /a#ge t 0"anne/ $o# de:e/o+ment 0oo+e#ation in t"e 6N S. tem' It "a 1een India' +a#tne# in de:e/o+ment in0e 1951' T"e o:e#a// mi ion o$ t"e 6N;- i to a i t t"e +#og#amme 0ount#ie t"#oug" 0a+a0it. de:e/o+ment in Su taina1/e =uman ;e:e/o+ment (S=;, 3it" +#io#it. on +o:e#t. a//e:iation5 gende# eMuit.5 3omen em+o3e#ment and en:i#onmenta/ +#ote0tion' Country Cooperation Fra#e7or@ 2CCF5 T"e 0ount#.- +e0i$i0 a//o0ation o$ 6N;- #e ou#0e i made e:e#. $i:e .ea# unde# t"e 2ount#. 2oo+e#ation I#ame3o#k (22I, 3"i0" u ua//. .n0"#oni*e 3it" India' $i:e-.ea# +/an ' T"e #e ou#0e a//o0ation 0#ite#ia take into a00ount $a0to# u0" a +o+u/ation and +e# 0a+ita %#o Nationa/ -#odu0t (%N-,' T"e /a t 22I (22I-II, .n0"#oni*ed 3it" 1)t" Ii:e-.ea# -/an (2))3-)7, and $o0u ed on t"emati0 a#ea (i, -#omoting "uman de:e/o+ment and gende# eMua/it.5 (ii, 0a+a0it.-1ui/ding $o# de0ent#a/i*ation (iii, -o:e#t. e#adi0ation and u taina1/e /i:e/i"ood and
(i:, :u/ne#a1i/it. #edu0tion and en:i#onment u taina1i/it. T"e 0"eme on 7 i tan0e to 8otani0 %a#den 3a initiated in 1992 to augment e>-situ 0on e#:ation o$ #a#e endemi0 +/ant ' Fnetime $inan0ia/ a i tan0e i +#o:ided to t"e 8otani0 %a#den and 2ent#e o$ e>situ 2on e#:ation5 $o# im+#o:ement o$ t"ei# in$#a t#u0tu#a/ $a0i/itie to $a0i/itate e>-situ 0on e#:ation o$ #a#e endemi0 +/ant ' Io#e t (2on e#:ation, 70t5 198) dea/ 3it" g#ant o$ $o#e t#. 0/ea#an0e $o# di:e# ion o$ $o#e t /and $o# non-$o#e t#. +u#+o e in #e +e0t o$ de:e/o+ment +#o?e0t /ike +o3e#5 #oad 5 #ai/3a. 5 i##igation5 mining5 0"oo/ 5 de$en0e5 d#inking 3ate#5 #e ett/ement5 #e"a1i/itation o$ +eo+/e et0' T"i 70t i #egu/ato#. in natu#e5 not +#o"i1ito#.' Inte rated Forest Protection "che#e 2IFP"5 or IIntensi.ication o. Forest )ana e#entJ T"e ma?o# 0om+onent o$ t"e S0"eme in0/udeK - Io#e t Ii#e 2ont#o/ and &anagement5 - St#engt"ening o$ In$#a t#u0tu#e5 - Su#:e.5 dema#0ation and 3o#king +/an +#e+a#ation5 - -#ote0tion and 0on e#:ation o$ a0#ed g#o:e 5 - 2on e#:ation and 4e to#ation o$ uniMue Cegetation and e0o- . tem 5 - 2ont#o/ and e#adi0ation o$ $o#e t in:a i:e +e0ie 5 - -#e+a#edne $o# meeting 0"a//enge o$ 1am1oo $/o3e#ing and im+#o:ing management o$ 1am1oo $o#e t9 D"i/e t"e $i# t t"#ee 0om+onent "a:e 1een unde# im+/ementation in0e t"e 1)t" +/an +e#iod5 t"e #emaining $ou# "a:e 1een int#odu0ed $#om 2))9-1)' CENT*AL FOO A:T+O*IT= (2>7, 3a e ta1/i "ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in t"e .ea# 1992' It o:e# ee t"e $un0tioning o$ >oo and en$o#0e minimum tanda#d and no#m $o# u+kee+ and "ea/t" 0a#e o$ anima/ in Indian >oo and #e t#ain mu "#ooming o$ un+/anned and i//0on0ei:ed >oo t"at 3e#e 0#o++ing u+ a ad?un0t to +u1/i0 +a#k 5 indu t#ia/ 0om+/eAe and 3a. ide ' I#portant Conser/ation ProGects -#o?e0t =angu/ 197) -#o?e0t %i# Lion 1972 -4FBE2T TI%E4 (N7TIFN7L TI%E4 2FNSE4C7TIFN 76T=F4ITG, 1973 -#o?e0t 2#o0odi/e 1974 -#o?e0t 4"ino 1987 -#o?e0t E/e+"ant 1992 -#o?e0t 4ed -anda 1996 Si1e#ian 2#ane 2on e#:ation -#o?e0t (Indo-4u ian inte# go:e#nmenta/ 0ommi ion 2))3 -#o?e0t Sno3 Leo+a#d 2))9 ABATE)ENT OF POLL:TION CONT*OL OF POLL:TION Su/+"u# ;ioAide and FAide o$ Nit#ogen 0au e $o# 7i# -o//ution T"e a/ient $eatu#e o$ Noi e 4u/e 5 2))) a#e to make t"e nig"t +ea0e$u/5 +u1/i0 +/a0e "a 1een de$ined and t"e o00u+ant o$ a +u1/i0 +/a0e 3ou/d #e t#i0t t"e :o/ume o$ +u1/i0 add#e . tem5 noi e emitting 0on t#u0tion eMui+ment "a:e 1een +e0i$i0a//. 1#oug"t unde# t"e am1it o$ Noi e 4u/e 5 2)))' In +u# uan0e o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t' F#de# +#o?e0t $o# en:i#onmenta/ +#ote0tion o$ Do#/d =e#itage Site o$ Ta? &a"a/ 3e#e initiated' T"e E0o-0itie +#o?e0t $o0u e on +#ote0tion o$ en:i#onmenta/ #e ou#0e /ike 3ate# 1odie 5 $o#e t et0'5 im+#o:ing in$#a t#u0tu#e and anita#. 0ondition in t"e to3n and 0#eating ae t"eti0 en:i#on ' T"e +#og#amme 3a initiated to 1#ing in :i i1/e en:i#onmenta/ im+#o:ement in t"e ma// and medium to3n ' SiA to3n 5 :i*' C#inda:an5 Ti#u+ati5 -u#i5 6??ain5 @otta.am and T"an?a:oo# 3e#e taken unde# $i# t +"a e o$ E0o-0itie +#og#amme' 4e t#i0tion 3a im+o ed to t"e eAtent t"at a// 1#i0k ki/n 3it"in t"e #adiu o$ 1)) km $#om 0oa/Q/ignite 1a ed t"e#ma/ +o3e# +/ant "ou/d u e 25 +e# 0ent $/. a " 3"i/e making t"e 1#i0k ' 2ent#a/ -o//ution 2ont#o/ 8oa#d i #e +on i1/e $o# +/anning and eAe0uting 0om+#e"en i:e nation3ide +#og#amme $o# t"e +#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ 3ate# and ai# +o/ution5 $o# ad:i ing t"e 0ent#a/ go:e#nment
on matte# 0on0e#ning +#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ 3ate# and ai# +o//ution and $o# 0oo#dinating a0ti:itie o$ State -o//ution 2ont#o/ 8oa#d Q-o//ution 2ont#o/ 2ommittee 1e ide +#o:iding te0"ni0a/ a i tan0e and guidan0e to t"em' 2ommon 8iomedi0a/ Da te T#eatment Ia0i/itie (28DTI, "a:e 1een et u+ in :a#iou 0itie $o# t#eatment o$ 8io-medi0a/ 3a te gene#ated in :a#iou "o +ita/ and nu# ing "ome ' Nation3ide 3ate# Mua/it. o$ #i:e# 5 /ake 5 tank 5 +ond 5 0#eek 5 0ana/ i monito#ed #egu/a#/. unde# Nationa/ Date# Lua/it. &onito#ing -#og#amme (ND&-,' 6nde# N7&-5 $ou# ai# +o//utant 5 1' Su/+"u# ;ioAide (SF2, 2' FAide o$ Nit#ogen a NF25 3' Su +ended -a#ti0u/ate &atte# (S-&, and 4' 4e +i#a1/e Su +ended -a#ti0u/ate &atte# (4S-& o# -&1),5 "a:e 1een #egu/a#/. monito#ed' T"e monito#ing o$ meteo#o/ogi0a/ +a#amete# u0" a 3ind +eed and di#e0tion5 #e/ati:e "umidit. and tem+e#atu#e "a a/ o 1een integ#ated 3it" t"e monito#ing o$ ai# Mua/it.' Nationa/ mean SF2 0on0ent#ation "a de0#ea ed o:e# t"e .ea# indi0ating t"at t"e#e "a 1een a de0/ine in SF2 /e:e/ ' Nationa/ mean NF2 and 4S-& 0on0ent#ation "a #emained ta1/e o:e# t"e .ea# de +ite in0#ea e in emi ion ou#0e u0" a :e"i0/e ' Nationa/ mean S-& 0on0ent#ation "a 1een $/u0tuating o:e# t"e .ea# ' +aLardous >astes 2)ana e#entA +andlin and Trans$oundary )o/e#ent5 *ules 5 2))8 "a:e 1een noti$ied to #egu/ate management o$ "a*a#dou 3a te gene#ated 3it"in t"e 0ount#. a 3e// a eA+o#tQim+o#t o$ u0" 3a te ' NATIONAL *I;E* CON"E*;ATION DI*ECTO*ATE 2N*CD5 - to im+#o:e t"e 3ate# Mua/it. o$ t"e #i:e# 5 3"i0" a#e t"e ma?o# 3ate# ou#0e in t"e 0ount#.5 t"#oug" t"e im+/ementation o$ +o//ution a1atement 3o#k 5 to t"e /e:e/ o$ de ignated 1e t u e' Nationa/ Lake 2on e#:ation -/an i a 0ent#a//. +on o#ed 0"eme $o# 0on e#:ation #e to#ation o$ +o//uted and deg#aded /ake ' NATIONAL >ETLAND" CON"E*;ATION P*O0*A))E 14E, 3a initiated to /a. do3n +o/i0. guide/ine $o# im+/ementing +#og#amme o$ 0on e#:ation and management o$ 3et/and in t"e 0ount#.5 to unde#take +#io#it. 3et/and $o# inten i:e 0on e#:ation mea u#e to monito# im+/ementation o$ t"e +#og#amme o$ 0on e#:ation5 management and #e ea#0"5 and to +#e+a#e an in:ento#. o$ Indian 3et/and ' NATIONAL AFFO*E"TATION AND ECO-DE;ELOP)ENT BOA*D 144! 3a et u+ to +#omote a$$o#e tation5 t#ee +/anting5 e0o/ogi0a/ #e to#ation and e0ode:e/o+ment a0ti:itie in t"e 0ount#.' NATIONAL NAT:*AL *E"O:*CE )ANA0E)ENT "="TE) 2NN*)"5 0"eme in:o/:e uti/i*ation o$ #emote en ing te0"no/og. $o# a00u#ate in:ento#. o$ #e ou#0e u0" a /and5 3ate#5 $o#e t 5 mine#a/ 5 o0ean 5 et0' and to uti/i*e t"i in$o#mation $o# monito#ing 0"ange in e0o/ogi0a/ . tem' T"e NEn:i#onmenta/ Edu0ation5 73a#ene and T#ainingE i a $/ag "i+ 0"eme o$ t"e &ini t#. $o# en"an0ing t"e unde# tanding o$ +eo+/e at a// /e:e/ a1out t"e #e/ation "i+ 1et3een "uman 1eing and t"e en:i#onment and to de:e/o+ 0a+a1i/itie Q ki// to im+#o:e and +#ote0t t"e en:i#onment' T"e ma?o# +#og#amme unde#taken unde# t"e 0"eme in0/udeK (i, Nationa/ %#een 2o#+ -#og#amme9 (ii, Nationa/ En:i#onment 73a#ene 2am+aign9 (iii, &a a3a#ene 9 (i:, F1 e#:an0e o$ Ea#t" ;a.9 and (:, %/o1a/ Lea#ning and o1 e#:ation to 1ene$it t"e en:i#onment' CENT*E" OF ENCELLENCE 14E% 0"eme i ta#ted to t#engt"en a3a#ene 5 #e ea#0" and t#aining in +#io#it. a#ea o$ En:i#onmenta/ 0ien0e and management'
1' 2ent#e $o# En:i#onment Edu0ation (2EE,5 7"meda1ad 2' 2-4 En:i#onmenta/ Edu0ation 2ent#e (2-4EE2,5 2"ennai 3' 2ent#e $o# E0o/ogi0a/ S0ien0e (2ES,5 8enga/u#u 4' 2ent#e o$ &ining En:i#onment (2&E,5 ;"an1ad 5' Sa/im 7/i 2ent#e $o# F#nit"o/og. and Natu#a/ =i to#. (S72FN,5 2oim1ato#e 6' 2ent#e $o# En:i#onment &anagement o$ ;eg#aded E0o . tem (2E&;E,5 ;e/"i 7' 2ent#e o$ EA0e//en0e in En:i#onmenta/ E0onomi0 at &ad#a S0"oo/ o$ E0onomi0 5 2"ennai' 8' Ioundation $o# 4e:ita/i*ation o$ Lo0a/ =ea/t" T#adition (I4L=T,5 8enga/u#u' 9' T"e T#o+i0a/ 8otani0 %a#den and 4e ea#0" In titute (T8%4I,5 T"i#u:anant"a+u#am' 1)' 2ent#e $o# 7nima/ and En:i#onment 274T&7N5 8enga/u#u' T"e -i0k 4ig"t 0am+aign i aimed at +#eading a3a#ene a1out 0/imate 0"ange5 it 0au e and e$$e0t ' T"e -a#.a:a#an 7m1a ado# 0am+aign 3i// "e/+ 0"oo e a +e# on to 1e a +oke+e# on on en:i#onmenta/ i ue 5 3"o 0an en0ou#age +eo+/e to make #ig"t /i$e t./e 0"oi0e ' FELLO>"+IP" AND A>A*D" 16 INDI*A 0AND+I PA*=A;A*AN P:*A"?A* 2I0PP5 - 73a#d gi:en on Do#/d En:i#onment ;a. 5t" Bune and t"e 0"ai#man o$ t"e +#i*e 0ommittee i Ci0e--#e ident 2' INDI*A P*I=ADA*"+INI ;*I?"+A )IT*A 2IP;)5 A>A*D" %6 PITA)BE* PANT NATIONAL EN;I*ON)ENT FELLO>"+IP- to en0ou#age and #e0ogni*e eA0e//en0e in an. 1#an0" o$ #e ea#0" #e/ated to en:i#onmenta/ S0ien0e' 4' B6P6 PAL NATIONAL EN;I*ON)ENT FELLO>"+IP FO* BIODI;E*"IT=- to de:e/o+5 dee+en and t#engt"en t"e eA+e#ti e on 1iodi:e# it. a:ai/a1/e in t"e 0ount#. '' )EDINI P:*A"?A* =OMANA- to en0ou#age 3#iting o$ o#igina/ 1ook in =indi on t"e u1?e0t #e/ated to t"e en:i#onment' INTE*NATIONAL CO-OPE*ATION AND ":"TAINABLE DE;ELOP)ENT T"e &ini t#. o$ En:i#onment and Io#e t i t"e noda/ &ini t#. in t"e %o:e#nment o$ India $o# a// &u/ti/ate#a/ En:i#onmenta/ 7g#eement ' - Cienna 2on:ention $o# t"e -#ote0tion o$ t"e F*one La.e#9 -&ont#ea/ -#oto0o/ on u1 tan0e t"at de+/ete t"e F*one La.e#9 -6N 2on:ention on 8io/ogi0a/ ;i:e# it.9 -6N I#ame3o#k 0on:ention on 2/imate 2"ange9 -6N 2on:ention to 2om1at ;e e#ti$i0ation9 -@.oto -#oto0o/-#edu0e emi ion o$ g#een "ou e ga e 9 -T"e 8a e/ 2on:ention on T#an -1ounda#. &o:ement o$ =a*a#dou Su1 tan0e 9 -Sto0k"o/m 2on:ention on -e# i tent F#gani0 -o//utant 9 -4otte#dam 2on:ention 9 -4am a# 2on:ention' T"e @.oto -#oto0o/ 0ommit t"e de:e/o+ed 0ount#ie 5 in0/uding e0onomie in t#an ition5 to #edu0e emi ion o$ g#een"ou e ga e 1. an a:e#age o$ 5'2 +e# 0ent 1e/o3 199) /e:e/ du#ing 2))8-2)12' T"e @.oto -#oto0o/ 0ame into $o#0e on 16 Ie1#ua#. 2))5' India i a +a#t. to t"e @.oto -#oto0o/' 7 1iodi:e# it. "ot +ot i a 1iogeog#a+"i0 #egion 3it" igni$i0ant #e e#:oi# o$ 1iodi:e# it. t"at i unde# t"#eat $#om "uman ' T"e 0on0e+t o$ 1iodi:e# it. "ot +ot 3a o#iginated 1. No#man &.e# in "i t3o a#ti0/e in +u1/i "ed in T"e En:i#onmenta/i t in 1988 H199)' 4a?e " S"a" o$ 8anga/o#e "a 1een "onou#ed 3it" t"e -#e tigiou 2)1) Inte/ En:i#onment 73a#d $o# "i e$$o#t to o/:e g/o1a/ a$e d#inking 3ate# and anitation 0#i e ' 7#u+ @' Sengu+ta 2)12 Inte/ En:i#onment 73a#d $o# etting u+ im+/e to o+e#ate te0"no/og. to t#eat a# eni0 +oi oning in d#inking 3ate#' Nationa/ %#een T#i1una/ (N%T, 70t 2)1) 0ame into $o#0e on 18t" F0to1e# 2)1)' T"e Nationa/ En:i#onment 7++e//ate 7ut"o#it. (NE77, tand di o/:ed and t"e 0a e +ending 1e$o#e NE77 tand t#an $e##ed to t"e N%T'
2)11-6NI222 2on$e#en0e o$ -a#tie (2F-, 17Q &eeting o$ t"e &F- 7 to t"e @.oto -#oto0o/ 3a "e/d in ;u#1an5 Sout" 7$#i0a' 2)12- 6NI222 2on$e#en0e o$ -a#tie (2F-, 17Q &eeting o$ t"e &F- 7 to t"e @.oto -#oto0o/ 3i// 1e "e/d at t"e Lata# Nationa/ 2on:ention 2ent#e in ;o"a5 Lata#' Chapter 1% & FINANCE T=E &ini t#. o$ Iinan0e i #e +on i1/e $o# admini t#ation o$ $inan0e o$ t"e %o:e#nment' It i 0on0e#ned 3it" a// e0onomi0 and $inan0ia/ matte# a$$e0ting t"e 0ount#. a a 3"o/e in0/uding mo1i/i*ation o$ #e ou#0e $o# de:e/o+ment and ot"e# +u#+o e ' It #egu/ate eA+enditu#e o$ t"e %o:e#nment in0/uding t#an $e# o$ #e ou#0e to t"e tate ' T"e &ini t#. 0om+#i e $ou# de+a#tment 5 name/.5 (i, E0onomi0 7$$ai# 5 (ii, EA+enditu#e5 (iii, 4e:enue5 and (i:, ;i in:e tment' Ne3 taA /a1 $o# 7G 13-14 Q IG 12-13 S No IN2F&E 47N%E 1 6+ to 25))5))) 2 25))5))1 55))5))) 3 55))5))1 1)5))5))) 4 4 5 71o:e 1)5))5))) 6+ to 255)5))) 6+ to 55))5))) T7T < No TaA 1)< 2)< 3)< No TaA No TaA
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&en and 3omen a#e t#eated ame no3' Financial Transaction Plan 2FTP5 India ag#eed to +a#ti0i+ate in t"e Iinan0ia/ T#an /ation -/an o$ t"e I&I in /ate 2))2' 52 0ount#ie 5 in0/uding India5 no3 +a#ti0i+ate in IT-' 8. +a#ti0i+ation in IT- India i a//o3ing I&I to en0a " it #u+ee "o/ding a +a#t o$ it Muota 0ont#i1ution $o# "a#d 0u##en0. 3"i0" i t"en /ent to ot"e# mem1e# 0ount#ie 3"o a#e de1to# to t"e I&I' D"i/e t"e +a#ti0i+ation in IT- a//o3 India to ea#n additiona/ inte#e t on it en"an0ed 0#edit t#an0"e +o ition 3it" I&I5 t"e en0a "ment o$ inte#e t $#ee #u+ee e0u#itie /ead to +e#"a+ "ig"e# 1o##o3ing 0o t a 3e// a dete#io#ation o$ $i 0a/ +o ition' To add#e t"i +#o1/em5 it "a 1een de0ided to #e+/a0e +e0ia/ e0u#itie i ued to t"e I&I 1. non-inte#e t 1ea#ing non-ma#keta1/e e0u#itie to 1e i ued to t"e 48I' 7n Inte#na/ 3o#king g#ou+ 3a et u+ in 4e e#:e 8ank unde# 0"ai#man "i+ o$ S"#i 2 S &u#t". to eAamine t"e need $o# 0ontinuan0e o$ +#io#it. e0to# /ending ta#get o$ 4)< and 32<' 448 "a:e a ta#get o$ 6)< o$ t"ei# out tanding ad:an0e $o# +#io#it. e0to# /ending' T"e S=%-8ank Linkage -#og#amme 3a ta#ted in t"e .ea# 1992 a a $/ag "i+ +#og#amme 1. N7874; and a1/. u++o#ted 1. 48I' T"e +#og#amme en:i age o#gani*ation o$ t"e #u#a/ +oo# into Se/$-=e/+ %#ou+ (S=% , 1ui/ding t"ei# 0a+a0itie to manage t"ei# o3n $inan0e and t"en negotiating 1ank 0#edit on 0omme#0ia/ te#m ' T"e +oo# a#e en0ou#aged to :o/unta#i/. 0ome toget"e# to a:e ma// t"#i$t #egu/a#/. and eAtend mi0#o-/oan among t"em e/:e ' Fn0e t"e g#ou+ attain #eMui#ed matu#it. o$ "anding /a#ge# #e ou#0e 5 t"e 1ank 0#edit $o//o3 ' T"e Nationa/ =ou ing 8ank (N=8,5 t"e a+eA in titution o$ "ou ing $inan0e in India5 3a et u+ a 3"o//. o3ned u1 idia#. o$ t"e 4e e#:e 8ank o$ India' T"e N=8 ta#ted it o+e#ation $#om Bu/.5 1988' INational In/est#ent FundJ (NII, 3a 0on tituted in 2))5-)6 to 0"anne/i*e t"e +#o0eed $#om di in:e tment o$ %o:e#nment eMuit. in 2-SE ' NII 3ou/d 1e maintained out ide t"e 2on o/idated Iund
o$ India and 3ou/d 1e +#o$e iona//. managed 1. e/e0ted -u1/i0 Se0to# &utua/ Iund to +#o:ide u taina1/e #etu#n 3it"out de+/eting t"e 0o#+u ' F$ t"e annua/ in0ome o$ t"e Iund5 75 +e# 0ent 3i// 1e u ed to $inan0e e/e0ted o0ia/ e0to# 0"eme 5 3"i0" +#omote edu0ation5 "ea/t" and em+/o.ment' T"e #e idua/ 25 +e# 0ent o$ t"e annua/ in0ome o$ t"e Iund 3i// 1e u ed to meet t"e 0a+ita/ in:e tment #eMui#ement o$ +#o$ita1/e and #e:i:a1/e 2-SE t"at .ie/d adeMuate #etu#n 5 in o#de# to en/a#ge t"ei# 0a+ita/ 1a e to $inan0e eA+an ionQdi:e# i$i0ation' :se o. Disin/est#ent Proceeds I#om 7+#i/ 2))95 t"e di in:e tment +#o0eed a#e 1eing u ed $o# $unding t"e 0a+ita/ eA+enditu#e unde# t"e o0ia/ e0to# 0"eme o$ t"e %o:e#nment5 name/.K(i, &a"atma %and"i Nationa/ 4u#a/ Em+/o.ment %ua#antee S0"eme (ii, Indi#a 73a Go?ana (iii, 4a?i: %and"i %#amin Cid.utika#an Go?ana (i:, Ba3a"a#/a/ Ne"#u Nationa/ 6#1an 4ene3a/ &i ion (:, 700e/e#ated I##igation 8ene$it -#og#amme (:i, 700e/e#ated -o3e# ;e:e/o+ment 4e$o#m -#og#amme S3a1"imaan 3a /aun0"ed in Ie1#ua#.5 2)11 1. t"e %o:e#nment 1a ed on t"e 4anga#a?an 2ommittee #e+o#t5 3"i0" i $o0u ed on 1#inging t"e de+#i:ed e0tion o$ t"e o0iet. in 1anking net3o#k to en u#e t"at t"e 1ene$it o$ e0onomi0 g#o3t" #ea0" e:e#.one at a// /e:e/ ' Bharat Nir#an %oa/ 7 u#ed I##igation5 #oad 0onne0ti:it. to a// :i//age 5 "ou e $o# +oo#5 +#o:ide d#inking 3ate#5 +#o:ide e/e0t#i0it. to :i//age 5 and gi:e te/e+"one 0onne0ti:it. to a// :i//age ' Fiscal *esponsi$ility and Bud et )ana e#ent 2F*B)5 Act 5 2))3 mandate t"e %o:e#nment to e/iminate t"e #e:enue de$i0it 1. 2))8-)9' I48& 4u/e +#e 0#i1e a minimum annua/ #edu0tion in t"e #e:enue de$i0it o$ )'5 +e# 0ent o$ %;-' Ft"e# o1/igation unde# I48& 70t5 2))3 and I48& 4u/e 5 2))45in0/ude (i, to #edu0e t"e $i 0a/ de$i0it 1. at /ea t )'3 +e# 0ent o$ t"e %;-5 o t"at t"e de$i0it i not mo#e t"an t"#ee +e# 0ent o$ %;- 1. t"e end o$ 2))8-)9 (ii, to /imit %o:e#nment gua#antee to )'5 +e# 0ent o$ t"e %;- in an. $inan0ia/ .ea# (iii, to /imit additiona/ /ia1i/itie (in0/uding eAte#na/ de1t at 0u##ent eA0"ange #ate, to 5< o$ %;- in 2))8)9' Chapter 19 - Corporate A..airs T"e &ini t#. o$ 2o#+o#ate 7$$ai# i +#ima#i/. 0on0e#ned 3it" t"e admini t#ation o$ t"e 2om+anie 70t5 1956' T"#ee +#o$e iona/ in titute - In titute o$ 2"a#te#ed 700ountant 5 2o t and Do#k 700ountant and t"e 2om+an. Se0#eta#ie T"e 0o#+o#ate e0to# 0on i t main/. o$ non-go:e#nment 0om+anie 3"i0" $o#m 99'8 < o$ t"e tota/ e0to# 3"e#ea go:e#nment o3ned 0om+anie a#e a neg/igi1/e )'2 <' T"e 0om+anie a#e o$ t"#ee t.+e J - 2om+anie /imited 1. "a#e 5 - 2om+anie /imited 1. gua#antee and - 2om+anie 3it" un/imited /ia1i/itie 9 2om+anie /imited 1. "a#e $o#ming t"e ma?o# 0"unk o$ t"e 0o#+o#ate e0to# (97'9 +e# 0ent,' T"e indu t#ia/ e0to# "a:ing ma?o# 0on0ent#ation o$ Indian 0om+anie a#e - Iinan0e5 in u#an0e5 #ea/ e tate and 1u ine a0ti:itie 27'58< - &anu$a0tu#ing e0to# 26 <5 - D"o/e a/e and #etai/ t#ade5 "ote/ and #e tau#ant 14'64< and - 2on t#u0tion 8'68<'
T"e t"#ee /a#ge t tate 0on tituting 54'22 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0o#+o#ate e0to# a#e &a"a#a "t#a5 ;e/"i and De t 8enga/' Li#ited Lia$ility Partnership ActA !33E and LLP *ulesA !3346 LL- i a ne3 1u ine :e"i0/e in t"e 1od. 0o#+o#ate $o#m and t"e#e$o#e a e+a#ate /ega/ entit. 3"i0" /imit t"e /ia1i/it. o$ t"e +a#tne# to t"ei# ag#eed 0ont#i1ution' T"e 2om+etition 70t 2))2 3a +a ed 1. t"e -a#/iament to 1#ing 0om+etition in t"e Indian ma#ket a &4T- &ono+o/ie and 4e t#i0ti:e T#ade -#a0ti0e 70t5 1969 "a 1e0ome o1 o/ete in 0e#tain #e +e0t due to g/o1a/i*ation' 2om+etition 70t /a. #e +on i1i/it. on t"e 2om+etition 2ommi ion o$ India to take a++#o+#iate mea u#e $o# t"e +#omotion o$ 0om+etition ad:o0a0.5 0#eating a3a#ene and im+a#ting t#aining a1out 0om+etition i ue ' T"e &ini t#. o$ 2o#+o#ate 7$$ai# (&27, "a im+/emented an e-%o:e#nan0e initiati:e kno3n a '&2721 e-%o:e#nan0e -#o?e0t'' It i one o$ t"e &i ion &ode -#o?e0t o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India unde# t"e Nationa/ e-%o:e#nan0e -/an' T"e -#o?e0t o$$e# a:ai/a1i/it. o$ a// #egi t#. #e/ated e#:i0e in0/uding $i/ing o$ do0ument 5 #egi t#ation o$ 0om+anie and +u1/i0 a00e to 0o#+o#ate in$o#mation t"#oug" a e0u#e inte#a0ti:e +o#ta/' T"e +o#ta/ e#:i0e 0an 1e a00e ed Q a:ai/ed $#om an.3"e#e5 at an. time t"at 1e t uit t"e 0o#+o#ate entitie 5 +#o$e iona/ and t"e +u1/i0 at /a#ge' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e e-go:e#nan0e +#og#am i to im+#o:e t"e +eed and 0e#taint. in de/i:e#. o$ &27 e#:i0e in a t#an +a#ent manne#' T"i im+#o:ement i en u#ed +#ima#i/. t"#oug" t"e me0"ani m o$ e0u#e e/e0t#oni0 $i/ing (e-$i/ing, and ea . on/ine +a.ment $o# a// t"e e#:i0e +#o:ided 1. t"e 4egi t#a# o$ 2om+anie ' T"e go:e#nment o$ India and 6nited @ingdom "a:e 0on tituted a Ta k Io#0e to dea/ 3it" 4egu/ato#. and Statuto#. i ue in0/uding In titutiona/ 2oo+e#ation and 2a+a0it. 8ui/ding5 2o#+o#ate %o:e#nan0e5 2o#+o#ate So0ia/ 4e +on i1i/it.5 Standa#d in $inan0ia/ and #e/ated -#o$e ion 5 In o/:en0. and #e/ated i ue 5 et0' T"e $ou#t" meeting o$ t"e Ta k Io#0e 3a "e/d in London $#om 9-11 ;e0em1e# 2))9' 7 Boint Do#king %#ou+ o$ India-Ba+an Io#um on 0on:e#gen0e o$ Inte#nationa/ Iinan0ia/ 4e+o#ting Standa#d (II4S, 3a et u+' T"i 3o#king g#ou+ 3i// ena1/e India and Ba+an to de:e/o+ 0ommon unde# tanding on 700ounting Standa#d and a/ o a/ign t"em on t"e /ine o$ II4S' T"e Ii# t Boint Do#king %#ou+ meeting 3a "e/d in Tok.o (Ba+an, on 26-28 Bu/. 2)1)' Chapter 1' FOOD AND CI;IL "E*;ICE" )inistry o. Consu#er A..airsA Food and Pu$lic Distri$ution (-p"ho(ta Mamle. /had!a aur Sarva0ani( )itaran Mantrala!a) (i, ;e+a#tment o$ 2on ume# 7$$ai# (Up&hokta Mam%e Vi&hag) (ii, ;e+a#tment o$ Iood and -u1/i0 ;i t#i1ution (*hadya aur Sarva?anik Vitaran Vi&hag) T=E ;e+a#tment o$ Iood and -u1/i0 ;i t#i1ution i #e +on i1/e $o# management o$ t"e $ood e0onom. o$ t"e nation' It unde#take :a#iou a0ti:itie 5 u0" a +#o0u#ement o$ $ood item 5 t"ei# to#age5 mo:ement and de/i:e#. to t"e di t#i1uting agen0ie ' T"e ;e+a#tment o$ 2on ume# 7$$ai# unde# &ini t#. o$ Iood and 2on ume# 7$$ai# i #e +on i1i/e $o# t"e $o#mu/ation o$ +o/i0ie $o# 2on ume# 2oo+e#ati:e 5 &onito#ing -#i0e 5 7:ai/a1i/it. o$ e entia/ 0ommoditie 5 and 2on ume# &o:ement in t"e 0ount#. and 2ont#o//ing o$ tatuto#. 1odie /ike 8u#eau o$ Indian Standa#d (8IS, and Deig"t and &ea u#e ' E entia/ 2ommoditie 70t5 1955 3a ena0ted to en u#e t"e ea . a:ai/a1i/it. o$ e entia/ 0ommoditie to 0on ume# and to +#ote0t t"em $#om eA+/oitation 1. un 0#u+u/ou t#ade# ' T"e 70t +#o:ide $o# t"e
#egu/ation and 0ont#o/ o$ +#odu0tion5 di t#i1ution and +#i0ing o$ 0ommoditie 3"i0" a#e de0/a#ed a e entia/ $o# maintaining o# in0#ea ing u++/ie o# $o# e0u#ing t"ei# eMuita1/e di t#i1ution and a:ai/a1i/it. at $ai# +#i0e ' T"e /i t o$ e entia/ 0ommoditie "a 1een #e:ie3ed $#om time to time 3it" #e$e#en0e to t"e +#odu0tion and u++/. o$ t"e e 0ommoditie and in t"e /ig"t o$ e0onomi0 /i1e#a/i ation in 0on u/tation 3it" t"e 0on0e#ned &ini t#ie Q;e+a#tment admini te#ing t"e e 0ommoditie ' T"e num1e# o$ e entia/ 0ommoditie 3"i0" tood at 7) in t"e .ea# 1989 "a 1een 1#oug"t do3n to 7 at +#e ent t"#oug" u0" +e#iodi0 #e:ie3 ' Fn/. t"o e 0ommoditie 0on ide#ed e entia/ to +#ote0t t"e inte#e t o$ t"e $a#me# and t"e /a#ge e0tion o$ t"e +eo+/e O1e/o3 t"e +o:e#t. /ineP a#e +#o+o ed to 1e #etained unde# t"e E entia/ 2ommoditie 70t5 1955' Consu#er Protection ActA 14E( 2on ume# +#ote0tion 0oun0i/ "a:e 1een e ta1/i "ed at 2ent#a/5 State and ;i t#i0t /e:e/ to +#omote and +#ote0t t"e 0on ume# #ig"t ' Ieatu#e K - 4ig"t to Sa$et.K To 1e +#ote0ted again t t"e a/e o$ good and e#:i0e 3"i0" a#e +u#iou Q "a*a#dou $o# t"e /i$e' - 4ig"t to In$o#mationK To kno3 t"e Mua/it.5 Muantit.5 3eig"t and t"e +#i0e o$ good Q e#:i0e 1eing +aid $o#5 o t"at one i not 0"eated 1. un$ai# t#ade +#a0ti0e ' - 4ig"t to 2"oo eK To 1e a u#ed5 3"e#e:e# +o i1/e5 a00e to a :a#iet. o$ good and e#:i0e at 0om+etiti:e +#i0e ' Io#3a#d &a#ket 2ommi ion (I&2, i a tatuto#. 1od. et u+ unde# Io#3a#d 2ont#a0t (4egu/ation, 70t5 1952 and $un0tion unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ 2on ume# 7$$ai# 5 Iood and -u1/i0 ;i t#i1ution' T"e I&2 #egu/ate $o#3a#d ma#ket in 0ommoditie t"#oug" t"e #e0ogni ed a o0iation 5 #e0ommend to t"e %o:e#nment t"e g#ant Q 3it"d#a3a/ o$ #e0ognition to t"e a o0iation o#gani*ing $o#3a#d t#ading in 0ommoditie and make #e0ommendation $o# gene#a/ im+#o:ement o$ t"e $un0tioning o$ $o#3a#d ma#ket in t"e 0ount#.' 7t +#e ent5 t"e#e a#e 24 0ommodit. eA0"ange in0/uding t"#ee Nnationa/ /e:e/E eA0"ange (&2T5 N2;ET5 N&2E, 3"i0" "a:e 1een #e0ogni ed $o# 0ondu0ting $utu#e Q$o#3a#d t#ading in India and a// t"e 0ommoditie "a:e 1een +e#mitted $o# t#ading' 4e0ent/. RT"e#ma/ 2oa/ Rand R2a#1on 2#editR "a:e a/ o 1een a//o3ed to 1e t#aded on #e0ogni*ed 2ommodit. EA0"ange ' 2on ume# 73a#ene S0"eme "a 1een $o#mu/ated to gi:e an in0#ea ed t"#u t to a mu/ti-media +u1/i0it. 0am+aign to make 0on ume# a3a#e o$ t"ei# #ig"t ' 'Bago g#a"ak ?ago' i an Initiati:e to3a#d 2on ume# Edu0ation and 73a#ene ' Do#/d 2on ume# 4ig"t ;a. 15t" &a#0" Nationa/ 2on ume# ;a. 24t" ;e0em1e# 8u#eau o$ Indian Standa#d (8IS, 0ame into eAi ten0e5 t"#oug" an 70t o$ -a#/iament on 1 7+#i/ 1987 F1?e0ti:e ' - =a#moniou de:e/o+ment o$ a0ti:itie o$ tanda#di*ation5 ma#king and Mua/it. 0e#ti$i0ation - To +#o:ide ne3 t"#u t to tanda#di*ation and Mua/it. 0ont#o/ - To e:o/:e a nationa/ t#ateg. $o# a00o#ding #e0ognition to tanda#d and integ#ating t"em 3it" g#o3t" and de:e/o+ment o$ indu t#ia/ +#odu0tion and eA+o#t ' >ELFA*E "C+E)E" 16 )ID-DA= )EAL "C+E)E !6 >+EAT-BA"ED N:T*ITION P*O0*A))E - $o# +#o:iding nut#itiou Qene#g. $ood to 0"i/d#en 1e/o3 6 .ea# o$ age and eA+e0tantQ/a0tating 3omen' %6 "C+E)E FO* ":PPL= OF FOOD0*AIN" TO +O"TEL"K>ELFA*E IN"TIT:TION" 2' PE* CENT OF BPL ALLOCATION5
96 "C+E)E FO* ":PPL= OF FOOD0*AIN" FO* "CK"TKOBC +O"TEL" - T"e #e ident o$ t"e "o te/ "a:ing 2Q3#d tudent 1e/onging to S2QSTQF82 a#e e/igi1/e to get 15 kg $oodg#ain +e# #e ident +e# mont"' Ioodg#ain a#e +#o:ided $o# a// #e ident tudent 5 in0/uding t"o e 3"o 1e/ong to ot"e# 0atego#ie ' Fn/. @a#nataka and 7nd"#a -#ade " a#e a:ai/ing t"i 0"eme' '6 ANNAP:*NA "C+E)E launched $y &ini t#. o$ 4u#a/ ;e:e/o+ment 2)))-)1' Senio# 0iti*en o$ 65 .ea# o$ age o# a1o:e 3"o t"oug" e/igi1/e $o# o/d age +en ion unde# t"e Nationa/ F/d 7ge -en ion S0"eme (NF7-S, 1ut a#e not getting t"e +en ion a#e 0o:e#ed unde# t"e S0"eme' 1) kg o$ $oodg#ain +e# +e# on +e# mont" a#e u++/ied $#ee o$ 0o t unde# t"e 0"eme' (6 ;illa e 0rain Ban@ "che#e i im+/emented to +#o:ide a$egua#d again t ta#:ation du#ing t"e +e#iod o$ natu#a/ 0a/amit. o# du#ing /ean ea on 3"en t"e ma#gina/i*ed $ood in e0u#e "ou e"o/d do not "a:e u$$i0ient #e ou#0e to +u#0"a e #ation ' ,6 TA*0ETTED P:BLIC DI"T*IB:TION "="TE) 2TPD"5 .ocuses on poor $o# de/i:e#. o$ $ood g#ain and $o# it di t#i1ution in a t#an +a#ent and a00ounta1/e manne#' 8' ANT=ODA=A ANNA =OMANA (77G, to make T-;S mo#e $o0u ed and ta#geted to3a#d t"e +oo#e t e0tion o$ +o+u/ation5 t"e R7nt.oda.a 7nna Go?anaR (77G, 3a /aun0"ed in ;e0em1e# 2))) to +#o:ide +oo#e t o$ t"e +oo# $ami/ie $#om among t t"e 8-L $ami/ie $ood g#ain at a "ig"/. u1 idi ed #ate o$ 4 2Q- +e# kg $o# 3"eat and 4 3Q- +e# kg $o# #i0e' T"e 0a/e o$ i ue t"at 3a initia//. 25 kg +e# $ami/. +e# mont" "a 1een in0#ea ed to 35 kg +e# $ami/. +e# mont" 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 t 7+#i/ 2))2' 2on ume# +#ote0tion in #e +e0t o$ 3eig"t and mea u#e i en u#ed t"#oug" T"e Standa#d o$ Deig"t and &ea u#e 70t5 1976 and t"e Standa#d o$ Deig"t and &ea u#e (En$o#0ement, 70t5 1985 To make Deig"t and &ea u#e /a3 mo#e t#an +a#ent and im+/e5 a 0om+#e"en i:e 70t name/. RT"e Lega/ &et#o/og. 70t5 2))9R' T"e a/e o$ 0ommoditie in R+#e+a0ked $o#mR i #egu/ated 1. t"e Standa#d o$ Deig"t and &ea u#e (+a0kaged 0ommoditie , 4u/e 1977' Chapter 1( - +ealth and Fa#ily >el.are T"e &ini t#. o$ =ea/t" and Iami/. De/$a#e i in t#umenta/ and #e +on i1/e $o# im+/ementation o$ :a#iou +#og#amme on a nationa/ 0a/e in t"e a#ea o$ =ea/t" and Iami/. De/$a#e5 +#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ ma?o# 0ommuni0a1/e di ea e and +#omotion o$ t#aditiona/ and indigenou . tem o$ medi0ine ' T"e &ini t#. o$ =ea/t" and Iami/. De/$a#e 0om+#i e t"e $o//o3ing de+a#tment K - ;e+a#tment o$ =ea/t" and Iami/. De/$a#e - ;e+a#tment o$ 7G6S= - ;e+a#tment o$ =ea/t" 4e ea#0" - ;e+a#tment o$ 7I;S 2ont#o/ ;i#e0to#ate %ene#a/ o$ =ea/t" Se#:i0e (;te' %=S, i an atta0"ed o$$i0e o$ t"e ;e+a#tment o$ =ea/t" and Iami/. De/$a#e and "a u1o#dinate o$$i0e +#ead a// o:e# t"e 0ount#.' T"e ;%=S #ende# te0"ni0a/ ad:i0e on a// medi0a/ and +u1/i0 "ea/t" matte# and i in:o/:ed in t"e im+/ementation o$ :a#iou "ea/t" 0"eme ' -u1/i0 =ea/t"5 "o +ita/ 5 anitation - State /i t -o+u/ation 0ont#o/ and $ami/. 3e/$a#e5 medi0a/ edu0ation5 +#e:ention o$ $ood adu/te#ation5 Mua/it. 0ont#o/ in manu$a0tu#e o$ d#ug - 2on0u##ent /i t T"e Nationa/ =ea/t" -o/i0. 2))2 aim at a0"ie:ing an a00e+ta1/e tanda#d o$ "ea/t" $o# t"e gene#a/ +o+u/ation o$ t"e 0ount#.' T"e Nationa/ 4u#a/ =ea/t" &i ion (N4=&, 3a /aun0"ed on 12 7+#i/ 2))55 to +#o:ide accessi$le5 a..orda$le and accounta$le Buality health ser/ices to t"e +oo#e t "ou e"o/d in t"e #emote t #u#a/ #egion ' National ;ector Borne Disease Control Pro ra##e 2N;BDCP5 i a 0om+#e"en i:e +#og#amme $o# +#e:ention and 0ont#o/ o$ :e0to# 1o#ne di ea e name/. &a/a#ia5 Ii/a#ia5 @a/a-a*a#5 Ba+ane e En0e+"a/iti (BE,5 ;engue and 2"ikungun.a 3"i0" i 0o:e#ed unde# t"e o:e#a// um1#e//a o$ N4=&' &a/a#ia t#an mitted m. ano+"e/ine mo Muitoe - a0ute +a#a iti0 i//ne - !%asmodium )a%#iparum o# !%asmodium viva> in India' &a/a#ia due to !%asmodium )a%#iparium i ometime +#one to 0om+/i0ation and deat"5 i$ not t#eated ea#/.'
Ii/a#ai i i t#an mitted 1. mo Muito +e0ie Cu%e> 7uin7ue)as#iatus and Mansonia annu%i)era @M" uni)ormis" T"i di ea e i endemi0 in 2) tate and it i not $ata/' T"e ta#get .ea# $o# %/o1a/ e/imination o$ t"i di ea e i 1. t"e .ea# 2)2)' India i ignato#. to t"e Do#/d =ea/t" 7 em1/. 4e o/ution in 1997 $o# %/o1a/ E/imination o$ L.m+"ati0 Ii/a#ia i ' T"e Nationa/ =ea/t" -o/i0. (2))2, "a "o3e:e#5 en:i aged e/imination o$ /.m+"ati0 $i/a#ia i in India 1. 2)15' T"e E/imination i de$ined a RL.m+"ati0 Ii/a#ia i 0ea e to 1e a +u1/i0 +#o1/em5 3"en t"e num1e# o$ mi0#o$i/a#ia 0a##ie# i /e t"an 1 +e# 0ent and t"e 0"i/d#en 1o#n a$te# initiation o$ ELI a#e $#ee $#om 0i#0u/ating antigenaemia'R @a/a-a*a# - 0au ed 1. a +#oto*oan +a#a ite- 0eishmania donovani and +#ead 1. Sand$/.' Miltefosine is a drug to treat *a%a-aAar" Ba+ane e En0e+"a/iti i a *oonoti0 di ea e 3"i0" i t#an mitted 1. :e0to# mo Muito main/. 1e/onging to Cu%e> vishnui g#ou+' T"e t#an mi ion 0.0/e i maintained in t"e natu#e 1. anima/ #e e#:oi# o$ BE :i#u /ike +ig and 3ate# 1i#d ' &an i t"e dead end "o t5 i'e' ME is not trans#itted .ro# one in.ected person to other6 ;engue Ie:e# i an out1#eak +#one :i#a/ di ea e5 t#an mitted 1. +edes +egypti mo Muitoe ' T"e di ea e "a a ea ona/ +atte#n i'e' t"e 0a e +eak a$te# mon oon and it i not uni$o#m/. di t#i1uted t"#oug"out t"e .ea#' Some in$e0tion #e u/t in Den ue +ae#orrha ic Fe/er 2D+F5 and in it e:e#e $o#m Den ue "hoc@ "yndro#e 2D""5 0an t"#eaten t"e +atient' /i$e +#ima#i/. t"#oug" in0#ea ed :a 0u/a# +e#mea1i/it. and "o0k due to 1/eeding $#om inte#na/ o#gan ' Te t kit a#e +#o:ided t"#oug" National Institute o. ;irolo yA Pune and 0o t i 1o#ne 1. %FI $o# diagno i ' 2"ikungun.a i a de1i/itating non-$ata/ :i#a/ i//ne 0au ed 1. 2"ikungun.a :i#u ' T"i di ea e i t#an mitted 1. +edes mo Muito' 8ot" +edes aegypti and +edes a%&opi#tus 0an t#an mit t"e di ea e' T"e in$e0ted +e# on 0annot +#ead t"e in$e0tion di#e0t/. to ot"e# +e# on (i'e' it i not a 0ontagiou di ea e,' National To$acco Control Pro ra##e T"e main +#o:i ion o$ RT"e 2iga#ette and Ft"e# To1a00o -#odu0t (-#o"i1ition o$ 7d:e#ti ement and 4egu/ation o$ T#ade and 2omme#0e5 -#odu0tion5 Su++/. and ;i t#i1ution, 70t5 2))3R a#e a, No +e# on "a// engage in moking in a +u1/i0 +/a0e9 (4e:i ed 4u/e "a:e 1een noti$ied and 0ame into e$$e0t on 2 F0to1e# 2))8,' 1, To +#o"i1it di#e0t and indi#e0t ad:e#ti ement o$ and +#o:ide $o# #egu/ation o$ t"e t#ade and 0omme#0e in +#odu0tion5 u++/. and di t#i1ution o$ a// to1a00o +#odu0t ' 0, T"e#e "a// 1e a tota/ 1an on +on o#ing o$ an. +o#tQ0u/tu#a/ e:ent 1. 0iga#ette and ot"e# to1a00o +#odu0t 0om+anie ' d, No +e# on "a// e// to1a00o +#odu0t to an. +e# on 1e/o3 t"e age o$ 18 .ea# ' (Im+/emented 3'e'$' 1 &a. 2))4, e, 8an o$ a/e o$ to1a00o +#odu0t 3it"in a #adiu o$ 1)) .a#d o$ edu0ationa/ in titution ' (Im+/emented 3'e'$' 1 ;e0em1e# 2))4, $, No +e# on "a// t#ade in an. to1a00o +#odu0t in0/uding im+o#ted +#odu0t un/e t"e +e0i$ied 3a#ning a#e indi0ated' (4u/e "a:e 1een noti$ied and "a:e 0ome into e$$e0t $#om 31 &a. 2))9, National AID" Control Pro ra##e i /aun0"ed in Bu/. 2))7' N72- -"a e-III (2))7-2)12,' T"e +#og#amme "a ado+ted a $ou# +#onged t#ateg.K 1' -#e:ention o$ ne3 in$e0tion in "ig" #i k g#ou+ and gene#a/ +o+u/ation' 2' -#o:iding g#eate# 0a#e5 u++o#t and t#eatment to /a#ge# num1e# o$ -eo+/e /i:ing 3it" =ICQ7I;S (-L=7,' 3' St#engt"ening t"e in$#a t#u0tu#e5 . tem and "uman #e ou#0e in +#e:ention5 0a#e5 u++o#t and t#eatment +#og#amme at t"e di t#i0t5 tate and nationa/ /e:e/' 4' St#engt"ening t"e nation3ide St#ategi0 In$o#mation &anagement . tem' Status o) /,V@+,DS T"e e+idemi0 i 0on0ent#ated 3it" "ig" +#e:a/en0e among t"e =ig" 4i k %#ou+ (=4% , - In?e0ting ;#ug 6 e# (I;6 , (9'2 +e# 0ent,5 &en 3"o "a:e eA 3it" men (&S&, (7'3 +e# 0ent,5 Iema/e SeA Do#ke# (ISD, (4'9 +e# 0ent, and SeAua//. T#an mitted In$e0tion 0/ini0 attendee (2'5 +e# 0ent,' T"e 4ed 4i11on EA+#e "a eme#ged a t"e 3o#/d' /a#ge t ma mo1i/i*ation +#og#amme again t =ICQ7I;S'
7) +e# 0ent o$ a// in$ant deat" in India a#e 0on0ent#ated in eig"t tate (8i"a#5 6-5 &ad".a -#ade "5 F#i a5 4a?a t"an5 7nd"#a -#ade "5 &a"a#a "t#a and %u?a#at,' T"e +#ima#. 0au e o$ neonata/ deat" a#eK e+ i 5 /o3 1i#t" 3eig"t and 7 +".Aia' T"e +#ima#. 0au e o$ 0"i/d deat" a#eK -neumonia5 ;ia##"oea and in ome tate &a/a#ia5 &eningiti and &ea /e ' In$ant &o#ta/it. i "ig"e t in &ad".a -#ade " (72,5 and F#i a (71, and t"e /o3e t in &ani+u# (12,5 %oa (13, and @e#a/a (13,' Infant mortalit! rate 2IMR5 i t"e num1e# o$ deat" o$ 0"i/d#en /e t"an one .ea# o$ age +e# 1))) /i:e 1i#t" ' Dit" #e +e0t to unde#-$i:e mo#ta/it.5 6tta# -#ade " "a t"e "ig"e t #ate (96, and @e#a/a "a t"e /o3e t #ate (16,' Banani Su#ak "a Go?ana (BSG, i a a$e mot"e#"ood inte#:ention unde# t"e Nationa/ 4u#a/ =ea/t" &i ion (N4=&, 1eing im+/emented 3it" t"e o1?e0ti:e o$ #edu0ing mate#na/ and neo-nata/ mo#ta/it. 1. +#omoting in titutiona/ de/i:e#. among t"e +oo# +#egnant 3omen' BSG i a 1)) +e# 0ent 0ent#a//. +on o#ed 0"eme and it integ#ate 0a " a i tan0e 3it" de/i:e#. and +o t-de/i:e#. 0a#e' Se:e#a/ te+ a#e 1eing unde#taken to t#engt"en BSG im+/ementation and monito#ing5 in0/udingK a' -a.ment +#io# to di 0"a#ge t"#oug" 1ea#e# 0"eMue' 1' &onito#ing o$ BSGQ :e#i$i0ation o$ 1ene$i0ia#ie 1. o$$i0ia/ at di$$e#ent /e:e/ ' 0' -u1/i0 di 0/o u#e o$ 1ene$i0ia#ie at t"e $a0i/it.5 and etting u+ o$ g#ie:an0e #ed#e a/ me0"ani m $o# BSG' d' T3o da. ta. a$te# de/i:e#. to 1e +#omoted5 and e entia/ ne31o#n 0a#e and +o t +a#tum 0oun e/ing to 1e $o0u ed u+on in "ig" :o/ume $a0i/itie ' e' Lua/it. o$ de/i:e#ie at +u1/i0 "ea/t" $a0i/itie to 1e monito#ed9 +#i:ate e0to# $a0i/itie a00#edited and monito#ed' $' -#og#amme $o# /o0a/ a3a#ene ' :ni/ersal I##uniLation Pro ra##e i one o$ t"e ke. inte#:ention $o# +#ote0tion o$ 0"i/d#en $#om /i$e t"#eatening 0ondition 5 3"i0" a#e +#e:enta1/e' Immuni*ation +#og#amme in India 3a int#odu0ed in 1978 a EA+anded -#og#amme o$ Immuni*ation' T"i gained momentum in 1985 a 6ni:e# a/ Immuni*ation -#og#amme (6I-,' Immuni*ation i one o$ t"e ke. a#ea unde# Nationa/ 4u#a/ =ea/t" &i ion (N4=&, /aun0"ed in 2))5' 6nde# t"e 6ni:e# a/ Immuni*ation -#og#amme %o:e#nment o$ India i +#o:iding :a00ination to +#e:ent iA :a00ine +#e:enta1/e di ea e 5 i'e' ;i+"t"e#ia5 -e#tu i 5 Tetanu 5 -o/io5 &ea /e and e:e#e $o#m o$ 2"i/d"ood Tu1e#0u/o i ' T"e :a00ination 0"edu/e i a unde#K - 82% (8a0i//u 2a/mette-%ue#in,Jat 8i#t" (u+ to 1 .ea# i$ not gi:en ea#/ie#,' - ;-T (;i+"t"e#ia5 -e#tu i and Tetanu ToAoid,' - -#ima#. t"#ee do e at 65 1)5 14 3eek and t3o 1oo te# do e at 16-24 mont" and 5 Gea# o$ age' - F-C (-o/io, - 65 1)5 14 3eek and at 16-24 mont" o$ age and 1i#t" do e $o# in titutiona/ de/i:e#.' - &ea /e - 9-12 mont" o$ age' - TT (Tetanu ToAoid,J1) .ea# and 16 .ea# o$ age' - TT - $o# +#egnant 3oman t3o do e o# one do e i$ +#e:iou /. :a00inated 3it"in 3 .ea# ' Late# on5 =e+atiti 8 and BE :a00ine 3e#e added in e/e0t a#ea in t"e 6ni:e# a/ immuni*ation -#og#amme' 7// t"e State Q6T a#e a ked to +#e+a#e t"ei# o3n State +#og#amme im+/ementation -/an (-I-, $o# Immuni*ation a +a#t '2' o$ N4=& -I- $#om t"e .ea# 2))5-)6 to add#e +e0i$i0 need ' 4a?ee: 7a#og. #i =ea/t" In u#an0e S0"eme - 7nd"#a -#ade " - "ea/t" in u#an0e 0"eme $o# 8-L Iami/ie ;in ;a.a/ 7nt.oda. 6+0"a# Go?anaK &ad".a -#ade "- $#ee t#eatment and in:e tigation $a0i/it. on "o +ita/i*ation 3it"out an. eA0/u ion u+ to a /imit o$ 4 2)5)))Q- +e# $ami/. +e# annum in a// go:e#nment "ea/t" $a0i/itie to t"e unde# +#i:i/eged e0tion o$ t"e o0iet. Ge "a :ani 2o-F+e#ati:e Ia#me# =ea/t" 2a#e S0"emeK @a#nataka - cost e..ecti/e Buality health care .acilities to the Cooperati/e .ar#ers6 2a "/e t#eatment $o# 16)) u#gi0a/ +#o0edu#e at ta#i$$ +#e-
negotiated 3it" +a#ti0i+ating "o +ita/ ' 2o:e#age i /imited to 4 2')) /ak" +e# annum +e# indi:idua/' Su1 /imit o$ 4 1')) /ak" +e# u#ge#. +e# indi:idua/ 3it" 0atego#. /imit' 2o:e#age $o# Ste#i/i*ation o$ de$ined medi0a/ eme#gen0ie and mate#nit. 1ene$it i 0o:e#ed' 2ont#i1ution $#om ea0" mem1e# i 4 12) +e# annum' &uk".a &ant#i 4ak "a @o " $o# 8-L -o+u/ationK 4a?a t"an to +#o:ide .ree in-patient care and outpatient care to BPL .a#ilies' 8-L 0a#d "o/de# 3it" get 0a "/e "ea/t" 0a#e $a0i/itie ' I$ "ig" end 0a#e $a0i/it. not a:ai/a1/e in t"e tate $o# u0" ai/ment5 t"e. "a// 1e ent out o$ t"e tate to 7II&S5 Ne3 ;e/"i o# -%I5 2"andiga#" $o# u0" t#eatment' 4a "t#i.a S3a t".a 8ima Go?ana (4S8G,5 a 0"eme o$ &ini t#. o$ La1ou# 3a /aun0"ed on 1 F0to1e# 2))7' - &aAimum 0ont#i1ution i 4 725 +e# $ami/. (75 +e# 0ent' 25 +e# 0ent, [2ent#a/K State "a#e\' T"e 1ene$i0ia#. 3ou/d +a. 4 3)Q- +e# annum a #egi t#ationQ#ene3a/ $ee' - T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"i 0"eme i to +#o:ide "ea/t" in u#an0e 0o:e# to t"e 1e/o3 +o:e#t. /ine (8-L, 3o#ke# and t"ei# $ami/ie in t"e uno#gani*ed e0to# and to im+#o:e a00e o$ 8-L $ami/ie to Mua/it. medi0a/ 0a#e $o# t#eatment o$ di ea e in:o/:ing "o +ita/i*ation and u#ge#. t"#oug" an identi$ied net3o#k o$ "ea/t" 0a#e +#o:ide# a 0a "/e ' - T"e 0"eme +#o:ide t"e 0o:e#age $o# meeting eA+en e o$ +#ima#. in+atient "o +ita/i*ation $o# medi0a/ andQo# u#gi0a/ +#o0edu#e in0/uding mate#nit. 1ene$it and ne31o#n 0"i/d5 to t"e 8-L $ami/ie u+ to 4 3)5))) +e# $ami/.' - It 0o:e# a// +#e-eAi ting 0ondition Qdi ea e $#om da. one 3it" a +#o:i ion $o# t#an +o#t a//o3an0e' - 6nit o$ en#o/ment i $ami/. u+ to a unit o$ $i:e mem1e# ' T"i 3ou/d 0om+#i e t"e =ou e"o/d =ead5 +ou e5 and u+ to t"#ee de+endant ' T"e de+endant 3ou/d in0/ude u0" 0"i/d#en andQo# +a#ent o$ t"e "ead o$ t"e $ami/. a a#e /i ted a +a#t o$ t"e $ami/. in t"e 8-L data 1a e' T"e en#o/ment o$ 8-L 1ene$i0ia#ie 1a ed on t"e o$t data +#o:ided 1. t"e State %o:e#nmentQNoda/ 7gen0. and i ue Sma#t 0a#d a +e# 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment +e0i$i0ation ' - T"e 0"eme "a 725 identi$ied 0ommon u#gi0a/ +a0kage a+a#t $#om medi0a/ +#o0edu#e ' In addition to t"e +a0kage /i t ot"e# +#o0edu#e a#e a/ o 0o:e#ed' T"i 0o:e# enti#e 0o t o$ t#eatment o$ t"e +atient $#om date o$ #e+o#ting to "i di 0"a#ge $#om "o +ita/ and 5 da. a$te# di 0"a#ge and an. 0om+/i0ation 3"i/e in "o +ita/5 making t"e t#an a0tion t#u/. 0a "/e to t"e +atient' 0eneral 1' 8i:a/ent F#a/ -o/io Ca00ine 3a int#odu0ed in India $o# t"e $i# t time in 8i"a#' 2' Iodine i an e entia/ mi0#onut#ient 3it" an a:e#age dai/. #eMui#ement o$ 1))-15) mi0#og#am $o# no#ma/ "uman g#o3t"' Chapter 1, & +ousin =F6SIN% i a State u1?e0t' T"e 6nion %o:e#nment i #e +on i1/e $o# t"e $o#mu/ation o$ +o/i0. "ou ing and "a1itat +o/i0. 1998 and Nationa/ 6#1an =ou ing and =a1itat +o/i0. 2))7' T"e S0"eme and +#og#amme #unning unde# t"e &ini t#. o$ =ou ing and 6#1an -o:e#t. 7//e:iation a#e a $o//o3 K MA>A+A*LAL NE+*: NATIONAL :*BAN *ENE>AL )I""ION 2MNN:*)5-!33' i /aun0"ed to add#e t"e i ue o$ u#1an in$#a t#u0tu#e and 1a i0 e#:i0e to t"e u#1an +oo#' 2itie and to3n o$ India 0on titute t"e 3o#/d' e0ond /a#ge t u#1an . tem' *aGi/ A7as =oGana 2*A=5 2))9 en:i age a 'S/um-$#ee India' "7arna Mayanti "hahari *oL ar =oGana 2"M"*=5 1997 i em+/o.ment o#iented 6#1an -o:e#t. 7//e:iation' NATIONAL B:ILDIN0" O*0ANI"ATION 2NBO5 i an atta0"ed o$$i0e o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ =ou ing and 6#1an -o:e#t. 7//e:iation' It "a 1een $un0tioning a an a+eA o#gani*ation in t"e 0ount#. $o# 0o//e0tion5 ta1u/ation and di emination o$ tati ti0a/ in$o#mation on "ou ing and 1ui/ding 0on t#u0tion a0ti:itie '
7 ne3 +/an 0"eme o$ N8F :i*'5 6#1an Stati ti0 $o# =4 and 7 e ment (6S=7, 3a /aun0"ed 3"i0" aim at t"e de:e/o+ment and maintenan0e o$ a nationa/ data1a e5 &IS and kno3/edge #e+o ito#. #e/ating to u#1an +o:e#t.5 /um 5 "ou ing5 0on t#u0tion and ot"e# u#1ani*ation-#e/ated tati ti0 ' T"e $ou# +i//a# o$ 6S=7 a#e 1' ;ata1a e in0/uding &IS and am+/e u#:e.9 2' 70tion #e ea#0"9 3' Im+a0t a e ment9 and 4' 2a+a0it. 1ui/ding Q t#aining' Nationa/ 8ui/ding F#gani*ation (N8F, "a im+/emented a tate-o$-t"e-a#t de0ent#a/i*ed 3e1 1a ed on/ine . tem B*I?" - 8ui/ding 4e/ated In$o#mation and @no3/edge S. tem' 6 ing 84I@S t"e e-6nit in N8F 3i// 1e u+-/inked to State %o:e#nment Q;e+a#tment Q8u#eau o$ E0onomi0 and Stati ti0 5 &uni0i+a/ 7dmini t#ation and 6#1an ;e:e/o+ment5 &uni0i+a/ 2o#+o#ation 5 &uni0i+a/itie 5 6#1an ;e:e/o+ment 7ut"o#itie 9 4e ea#0" and T#aining In titution et0' 84I@S 3i// a//o3 N8F and a// t"e u e# o$ t"e . tem toK (a, 7do+t "o/i ti0 a++#oa0" $o# e:o/:ing de:e/o+menta/ 0"eme (1, 2ontinuou de:e/o+ment o$ a e ment 0"eme (0, 4e ea#0" (d, T#aining and 0a+a0it. 1ui/ding +O:"IN0 "TA*T-:P INDEN 2+":I5 Nationa/ 8ui/ding F#gani*ation "a 1een 3o#king in tandem 3it" 4e e#:e 8ank o$ India to o+e#ationa/i*e t"e indeA $o# it inte#/ink 3it" t"e &oneta#. -o/i0. to 0a+tu#e t"e mo:ement in t"e =ou ing Sta#t and 0au a/it. o$ t"e ame $o# moneta#. mo:ement and di#e0tion in t"e 0ount#.' +O:"IN0 AND :*BAN DE;ELOP)ENT CO*PO*ATION LI)ITED 2+:DCO5 14,3 - "ou ing and u#1an in$#a t#u0tu#e $inan0ing' +industan +ousin Factory 2++F5 3a et u+ in 1948 to meet t"e immediate "ou ing need $o# di +/a0ed +e# on mig#ated $#om De t -aki tan' In 19785 name 0"anged to +IND:"TAN P*EFAB LI)ITED 2+PL56 T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ =-L i to +#omote +#e$a1Q +#e0a t te0"no/og. in India $o# eA+editiou 0om+/etion 3it" 1e t o$ Mua/it. o$ "ou ing +#o?e0t et0' T"e#ea$te# it "a 0ome o$$ age and ea#ned it name and $ame 1. +ionee#ing t"e -42 4ai/3a. S/ee+e# 3"i0" "a:e #e+/a0ed t"e 3ooden a 3e// a tain/e tee/ /ee+e# in Indian 4ai/3a. ' >orld +a$itat Day i 0e/e1#ated on Ii# t &onda. o$ F0to1e#' Chapter 1E & India H the >orld -#ime &ini te# :i ited 8"utan in 7+#i/ 2)1) to attend t"e 16t" S7742 Summit' India i 8"utanE /a#ge t t#ade and a i tan0e +a#tne#' ;u#ing t"e -#e identE :i it to 2"ina in 2)1)5 "e inaugu#ated and dedi0ated t"e Indian t./e 8udd"i t tem+/e in t"e +#e0in0t o$ t"e $amou D"ite =o# e Tem+/e at Luo.ang in =enan -#o:in0e' T"e -#e ident a/ o :i ited t"e S"ang"ai Do#/d EA+o-2)1) and un:ei/ed t"e 1u t o$ 4a1ind#anat" Tago#e at a t#iangu/a# +a#k in S"ang"ai' :AE eme#ged a IndiaE /a#ge t t#ading +a#tne# $o//o3ed 1. 6S7 and 2"ina' T"e India - &a/di:e Boint 2oa t %ua#d EAe#0i e 'DO"TI N' 3e#e "e/d o$ &a/e in ;e0em1e# 2))9 and t"e 'E?:;E*IN' eAe#0i e in F0to1e# 2))9' 8I&STE2 o# 8a. o$ 8enga/ Initiati:e $o# &u/ti -Se0to#a/ Te0"ni0a/ E0onomi0 2oo+e#ation i a 7 0ount#. $o#um 8ang/ade "5 8"utan5 8u#ma5 India5 Ne+a/5 S#i Lanka and T"ai/and aim to a0"ie:e it o3n $#ee t#ade a#ea 1. 2)17' T"e $i$t" India-&ongo/ia Boint &i/ita#. EAe#0i e 3e#e "e/d in &ongo/ia $#om 14-27 t" Se+tem1e#5 2))9'
&F6 on Boint -#odu0tion o$ %LFN7SS (%LF1a/ N7:igation Sate//ite S. tem, g#ound u++o#t eMui+ment in0/uding #e0ei:e# and 0"i+ et in India- India and 4u ia' T"e Gea# 2))9 3a 0e/e1#ated a t"e RGea# o$ India in 4u iaR 3it" t"e o#gani*ation o$ mo#e t"an 15) e:ent "o30a ing Indian a#t and 0u/tu#e5 +ainting and a#ti$a0t 5 a0"ie:ement in t"e $ie/d o$ 0ien0e and te0"no/og. et0' in 4u ia' Al Fatah 4e:o/ution o$- Li1.a - ;e+ut. 2"ai#man5 Ra?ya Sa&ha5 #e+#e ented India at t"e 4)t" 7nni:e# a#. 0e/e1#ation ' 5)t" 7nni:e# a#. Inde+enden0e 2e/e1#ation o$ De#ocratic *epu$lic o. Con o on 29-3) Bune5 2)1)' 7 mini !ravasi Bhartiya Di9as (-8;, 3a "e/d in The +a ue in Se+tem1e# 2))9' T"e Indian 0u/tu#a/ Ie ti:a/ B$amaste (ran#eB 3a /aun0"ed on 14t" 7+#i/5 2)1)5 3i// go on ti// Bu/. 2)11' 11t" India E6 ummit 3a "e/d in 8#u e/ on 1) ;e0 2)1) 12t" ummit 3a "e/d in Ne3 ;e/"i5 India on 1)t" Ie1 2)12 T"e Io#eign Se#:i0e In titute (ISI, 0ondu0t t#aining +#og#amme $o# t"e Indian Io#eign Se#:i0e -#o1atione# (IIS,5 o$$i0e# and ta$$ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ EAte#na/ 7$$ai# (&E7,5 o$$i0e# $#om 2a1inet Se0#eta#iat and ot"e# &ini t#ie Q;e+a#tment a 3e// a $o# $o#eign di+/omat ' "OCIAL "EC:*IT= A0*EE)ENT" 2""A5 India "a igned 1i/ate#a/ SS7 3it" 8e/gium5 I#an0e5 2*e0" 4e+u1/i05 %e#man.5 S3it*e#/and5 LuAem1ou#g5 Net"e#/and 5 =unga#. and ;enma#k' T"e e ag#eement +#o:ide $o# $o//o3ing 1ene$it to +#o$e iona/ 5 ki//ed 3o#ke# and 2o#+o#ate on #e0i+#o0a/ 1a i 9 1' EAem+tion to t"e +o ted 3o#ke# $#om o0ia/ e0u#it. 0ont#i1ution unde# t"e "o t 0ount#. /a3 +#o:ided t"e. make 0ont#i1ution Q +a.ment in t"e "ome 0ount#.' 2' T"o e 3"o 0ont#i1ute unde# t"e "o t 0ount#. /a3 3i// 1e entit/ed to eA+o#t o$ t"e o0ia/ e0u#it. 1ene$it on #e/o0ation to t"e "ome 0ount#. o# a t"i#d 0ount#. on 0om+/etion o$ t"e 0ont#a0tQem+/o.ment' 3' T"e a1o:e t3o 1ene$it 3i// a/ o 1e a:ai/a1/e to 3o#ke# +o ted 1. an em+/o.e# o$ t"e "ome 0ount#. to t"e "o t 0ount#. $#om a t"i#d 0ount#.' 4' -e#iod o$ em+/o.ment in 1ot" t"e 0ount#ie to 1e tota/i*ed $o# dete#mining e/igi1i/it. $o# +en ion 1ene$it ' 5' T"i 3i// make t"e 2o#+o#ate in 1ot" 0ount#ie mo#e 0om+etiti:e due to t"e a:oidan0e o$ dou1/e taAation #edu0ing t"e o0ia/ e0u#it. 0o t u1 tantia//.' P*E;ENTIN0 AND CO)BATIN0 ILLE0AL )I0*ATION I##egua/# mig#ation in0/ude - an. t#an nationa/ mo:ement 3it"out +#o+e# do0ument 9 - o:e# ta. in t"e de tination 0ount#.9 - taking em+/o.ment in a de tination 0ount#. 3it"out +#o+e# 3o#k :i a9 - an. t#an nationa/ &o:ement 3it" $o#ged t#a:e//ing do0ument ' T"e #ea on $o# I##egu/a# &ig#ation in0/ude - ;e i#e to go to a $o#eign /and $o# +u#+o e o$ em+/o.mentQ+e#manent #e iden0.9 - La0k o$ $o#ma/ 0"anne/ Qo++o#tunit. $o# mo1i/it.9 - -ee# Q o0ia/ +#e u#e9 - Iami/. 0"anne/ 9 - -#o/i$e#ation o$ u1 agent and midd/emen 1ot" in 0ount#. o$ o#igin and de tination9 - T#a$$i0king and mugg/ing in +e# on - t"#oug" o#gani*ed net3o#k '
O;E*"EA" CITIFEN"+IP OF INDIA 2OCI5 S0"eme 3a $o#ma//. /aun0"ed in Banua#.5 2))6 1. amending t"e 2iti*en "i+ 70t5 1955' T"e S0"eme +#o:ide $o# t"e #egi t#ation a F:e# ea 2iti*en o$ India (F2I, o$ a// -e# on o$ Indian F#igin (-IF , 3"o 3e#e 0iti*en o$ India on o# a$te# 26t" Banua#.5 195) o# 3e#e e/igi1/e to 1e0ome 0iti*en o$ India on 26t" Banua#.5 195) and 3"o a#e 0iti*en o$ ot"e# 0ount#ie 5 eA0e+t -aki tan and 8ang/ade "' 7 #egi te#ed F:e# ea 2iti*en o$ India i g#anted mu/ti+/e-ent#.5 mu/ti+u#+o e5 /i$e-/ong :i a $o# :i iting India5 and i eAem+ted $#om #egi t#ation 3it" Io#eigne# 4egiona/ 4egi t#ation F$$i0e $o# an. /engt" o$ ta. in India' F2I a#e g#anted gene#a/ 0on0e+tua/ +a#it. 3it" N4I in e0onomi05 $inan0ia/ and edu0ationa/ $ie/d 5 eA0e+t in matte# #e/ating to t"e a0Mui ition o$ ag#i0u/tu#a/Q+/antation +#o+e#tie ' T"e. a#e a/ o g#anted +a#it. 3it" N4I in ado+tion o$ Indian 0"i/d#en5 ent#. $ee $o# nationa/ +a#k and 3i/d/i$e an0tua#ie 5 and in dome ti0 ai#$a#e ' Iu#t"e# noti$ied 1ene$it to F2I in0/ude +a#it. 3it" #e ident Indian in ent#. $ee $o# :i iting t"e nationa/ monument 5 "i to#i0a/ ite and mu eum in India5 +#a0ti0ing a do0to# 5 denti t 5 nu# e and +"a#ma0ie 5 ad:o0ate 5 a#0"ite0t 5 and 0"a#te#ed a00ountant 9 and entit/ement to a++ea# $o# t"e 7// India -#e-&edi0a/ Te t o# u0" ot"e# te t to make t"em e/igi1/e $o# admi ion in a00o#dan0e 3it" t"e +#o:i ion o$ t"e #e/e:ant 70t ' T"e e 3ou/d 1e a:ai/a1/e on i uan0e o$ a++#o+#iate in t#u0tion 1. 0on0e#ned &ini t#ie Q;e+a#tment ' F:e# ea 2iti*en "i+ o$ India i not to 1e 0on t#ued a N;ua/-2iti*en "i+E a it doe not 0on$e# +o/iti0a/ #ig"t ' 7 +e# on #egi te#ed a F2I i e/igi1/e to a++/. $o# g#ant o$ Indian 0iti*en "i+ unde# e0tion 5(1,(g, o$ t"e 2iti*en "i+ 70t5 1955 i$ "eQ "e i #egi te#ed a F2I $o# $i:e .ea# and "a 1een #e iding in India $o# one .ea# out o$ t"e $i:e .ea# 1e$o#e making t"e a++/i0ation' 7++/i0ation $o# F2I 0an 1e made on-/ine' 4egi t#ation o$ +e# on o$ Indian o#igin a F:e# ea 2iti*en o$ India i done 1. t"e &=7 in India and 1. t"e Indian &i ion Q-o t a1#oad' ?no7 India Pro ra##e i o#gani*ed 1. t"e &ini t#. o$ F:e# ea Indian 7$$ai# 5 %o:e#nment o$ India 3it" t"e o1?e0ti:e o$ $ami/ia#i*ing Indian ;ia +o#a .out"5 in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 18-26 .ea# 5 3it" t"e de:e/o+ment and a0"ie:ement made 1. t"e 0ount#. in :a#iou $ie/d e'g' e0onomi05 indu t#ia/5 edu0ation5 0ien0e and te0"no/og.5 0ommuni0ation and in$o#mation te0"no/og.5 0u/tu#e5 et0 and 1#inging t"em 0/o e# to t"e /and o$ t"ei# an0e to# ' T"e +#og#amme +#o:ide a uniMue $o#um $o# tudent and .oung +#o$e iona/ o$ Indian o#igin to :i it India5 "a#e t"ei# :ie3 5 eA+e0tation and eA+e#ien0e and to 1ond 0/o e/. 3it" 0ontem+o#a#. India' @no3 India -#og#amme (@I-, i a t"#ee-3eek o#ientation +#og#amme' T"e e a#e 0ondu0ted in +a#tne# "i+ 3it" one o# t3o State %o:e#nment ' T"e 14t" @I- 3a o#gani*ed $#om 28t" &a#0" to 17t" 7+#i/ 2)1) in +a#tne# "i+ o$ tate go:e#nment o$ &a"a#a "t#a and =a#.ana' -#a:a i 8"a#ati.a ;i:a (-8;, 0on:ention i t"e $/ag "i+ e:ent o$ t"e &ini t#. o#gani*ed e:e#. .ea# in Banua#. in0e 2))35 3it" a :ie3 to 0onne0t India to it :a t Indian dia +o#a and 1#inging t"ei# kno3/edge5 eA+e#ti e and ki// on a 0ommon +/at$o#m' T"e 8t" and 9t" edition o$ t"e !ravasi Bharatiya Divas 0on:ention 3a "e/d in Ne3 ;e/"i $#om 7t" to 9t" Banua#.5 2)1) and 2)11' T"e 1)t" edition i "e/d in Bai+u# $#om 7t" to 9t" Banua#.5 2)12' T"e 11t" edition i to 1e "e/d in 2o0"in in 2)13' T"e -#a:a i 8"a#ati.a Samman 73a#d (-8S7, i 0on$e##ed on a Non-4e ident Indian5 -e# on o$ Indian o#igin o# an o#gani*ation o# in titution e ta1/i "ed and #un 1. t"e Non-4e ident Indian o# -e# on o$ Indian F#igin5 3"o "a:e eA0e//ed in oneE $ie/d $o# out tanding 3o#k 3"i0" "a en"an0ed IndiaE +#e tige in t"e 0ount#. o$ #e iden0e and 3"o "a made
(i, Signi$i0ant 0ont#i1ution to3a#d 1ette# unde# tanding a1#oad o$ India and u++o#t to India 0au e and 0on0e#n in a tangi1/e 3a.9 (ii, Signi$i0ant 0ont#i1ution $o# t"e 3e/$a#e o$ dia +o#a9 (iii, Nota1/e 0ont#i1ution in +"i/ant"#o+i0 and 0"a#ita1/e 3o#k and $o# o0ia/ and "umanita#ian 0au e in India and a1#oad9 (i:, Signi$i0ant 0ont#i1ution in 1ui/ding 0/o e# /ink 1et3een India and it dia +o#a in t"e e0onomi05 0u/tu#a/ and 0ienti$i0 $ie/d 9 and (:, Io# eminen0e in "i ki// 3"i0" "a en"an0ed IndiaE +#e tige in t"at 0ount#. ($o# non-+#o$e iona/ 3o#ke# ,' It i 0on$e##ed 1. t"e -#e ident o$ India a a +a#t o$ t"e -#a:a i 8"a#ati.a ;i:a (-8;, 0on$e#en0e o#gani*ed annua//. in0e 2))3' -8S7 i t"e "ig"e t "onou# 0on$e##ed on o:e# ea Indian ' Chapter 14 & IND:"T*= IND:"T*IAL POLIC= Indu t#ia/ /i0en ing "a 1een a1o/i "ed $o# mo t o$ t"e indu t#ie and t"e#e a#e on/. 5 indu t#ie #e/ated to e0u#it.5 t#ategi0 and en:i#onmenta/ 0on0e#n 3"e#e an indu t#ia/ /i0en e i 0u##ent/. #eMui#edK 1' ;i ti//ation and 1#e3ing o$ a/0o"o/i0 d#ink 9 2' 2iga# and 0iga#ette o$ to1a00o and manu$a0tu#ed to1a00o u1 titute 9 3' E/e0t#oni0 ae#o +a0e and de$en0e eMui+ment9 a// t.+e 9 4' Indu t#ia/ eA+/o i:e in0/uding detonating $u e 5 a$et. $u e 5 gun+o3de#5 nit#o0e//u/o e and mat0"e 9 5' S+e0i$ied =a*a#dou 0"emi0a/ i'e' (i, =.d#o0.ani0 a0id and it de#i:ati:e 5 (ii, -"o gene and it de#i:ati:e and (iii, I o0.anate and di i o0.anate o$ ".d#o0a#1on5 not e/ e3"e#e +e0i$ied (eAam+/e &et"./ i o0.anate,' Io# a// ot"e# indu t#ie 5 an in:e to# i to $i/e an Indu t#ia/ Ent#e+#eneu# &emo#andum (IE&, to t"e Se0#eta#iat $o# Indu t#ia/ 7 i tan0e (SI7,' E:en in t"e $i//ing o$ an IE&5 a t"#e "o/d /imit o$ in:e tment o$ 4 1) 0#o#e in +/ant and ma0"ine#. "a 1een +#e 0#i1ed' Indu t#ia/ 6nde#taking ot"e# t"an t"e ma// 0a/e indu t#ia/ unde#taking engaged in t"e manu$a0tu#e o$ 21 item #e e#:ed $o# eA0/u i:e manu$a0tu#e 1. t"e ma// 0a/e e0to# a#e5 t"e#e$o#e5 #eMui#ed to o1tain an indu t#ia/ /i0en e and unde#take an eA+o#t o1/igation o$ 5) +e# 0ent o$ t"ei# annua/ +#odu0tion' T"e 0ondition o$ /i0en ing5 "o3e:e#5 i not a++/i0a1/e to u0" indu t#ie o+e#ating unde# 1)) +e# 0ent EA+o#t F#iented 6nde#taking S0"eme5 t"e EA+o#t -#o0e ing >one and t"e +e0ia/ E0onomi0 >one S0"eme ' T"i in a 3a. attem+t to a0"ie:e t"e t3in o1?e0ti:e o$ ma// indu t#ie 5 +#ote0tion and gene#a/ 0om+etiti:ene o$ t"e indu t#ia/ e0to#' -#e ent/. t"e#e a#e on/. t3o a#ea 3"i0" a#e #e e#:ed $o# +u1/i0 e0to#K 2i5 Ato#ic Ener y 2ii5 *ail7ay transport T"e Te0"no/og. 6+g#adation Iund 0"eme (T6IS, 3a /aun0"ed on 7+#i/ 15 1999 to u tain and im+#o:e 0om+etiti:ene and o:e#a// /ong te#m :ia1i/it. o$ t"e teAti/e indu t#. and to $a0i/itate it a00e to time/. and adeMuate 0a+ita/ at inte#nationa//. 0om+a#a1/e #ate o$ inte#e t' '&i0#o5 Sma// and &edium Ente#+#i e ;e:e/o+ment 70t5 2))6' aim to $a0i/itate t"e +#omotion and de:e/o+ment and en"an0e t"e 0om+etiti:ene o$ &S&E ' T"e &i0#o5 Sma// and &edium Ente#+#i e a#e de$ined a unde#K A5 )anu.acturin Enterprises i' 7 mi0#o ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in +/ant and ma0"ine#. doe not eA0eed 25 /ak" #u+ee 9 ii' 7 ma// ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in +/ant and ma0"ine#. i mo#e t"an 25 /ak" #u+ee 1ut doe not eA0eed 5 0#o#e #u+ee 9 and
iii' 7 medium ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in +/ant and ma0"ine#. i mo#e t"an 5 0#o#e #u+ee 1ut doe not eA0eed 1) 0#o#e #u+ee ' B5 "er/ice Enterprises i' 7 mi0#o ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in eMui+ment doe not eA0eed 1) /ak" #u+ee 9 ii' 7 ma// ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in eMui+ment i mo#e t"an 1) /ak" #u+ee 1ut doe not eA0eed 2 0#o#e #u+ee 9 and iii' 7 medium ente#+#i e5 3"e#e t"e in:e tment in eMui+ment i mo#e t"an 2 0#o#e #u+ee 1ut doe not eA0eed 5 0#o#e #u+ee ' *aGi/ 0andhi :dya#i )itra =oGana 2*0:)=5 T"e main o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e 0"eme i to +#omote and u++o#t e ta1/i "ment o$ ne3 mi0#o and ma// ente#+#i e t"#oug" "and"o/ding o$ +otentia/ $i# t gene#ation ent#e+#eneu# 5 3"o "a:e a/#ead. u00e $u//. 0om+/eted Ent#e+#eneu# "i+ ;e:e/o+ment -#og#amme (E;-, QSki// ;e:e/o+ment -#og#amme (S;-,Q Ent#e+#eneu# "i+-0um-Ski// ;e:e/o+ment -#og#amme (ES;-, o$ at /ea t t3o 3eek ' du#ation5 o# "a:e unde#gone :o0ationa/ t#aining' Pri#e )inister1s E#ploy#ent 0eneration Pro ra##e 2P)E0P5 i an em+/o.ment gene#ation 0#edit /inked u1 id. 0"eme 3"i0" 3a int#odu0ed $o# etting u+ mi0#o ente#+#i e in #u#a/ and u#1an a#ea 1. me#ging t3o eAi ting em+/o.ment gene#ation +#og#amme o$ t"e &ini t#. name/. -#ime &ini te#' 4o*ga# Go?ana (-&4G, and 4u#a/ Em+/o.ment %ene#ation -#og#amme (4E%-,'It i a igni$i0ant initiati:e 3it" a "ig"e# /e:e/ o$ u1 id. t"an -&4G and 4E%-' Dele ation o. Enhanced Po7ers to CP"Es )aharatna "che#e 2))9 t"e o1?e0ti:e i to de/egate en"an0ed +o3e# to t"e 8oa#d o$ identi$ied /a#ge i*e Na:#atna 2-SE to $a0i/itate $u#t"e# eA+an ion o$ t"ei# o+e#ation 5 1ot" in dome ti0 a 3e// a g/o1a/ ma#ket ' T"e &a"a#atna 2-SE in addition to "a:ing Na:#atna +o3e# "a:e 1een de/egated additiona/ +o3e# in t"e a#ea o$ ?oint :entu#e Q u1 idia#ie and "uman #e ou#0e de:e/o+ment' T"e &a"a#atna 2-SE a00o#ding/. 0an in:e t 4 5))) 0#o#e in one +#o?e0t (4 15))) 0#o#e $o# Na:a#tna 2-SE and 0#eate 1e/o3 8oa#d /e:e/ +o t u+to E-9 /e:e/ (E-6 $o# Na:#atna 2-SE ,' &a"a#atna tatu i 0on$e##ed to 5 2-SE name/.5 (i, Indian Fi/ 2o#+o#ation Limited5 (IF2, (ii, NT-2 Limited' (iii, Fi/ and Natu#a/ %a 2o#+o#ation Limited (FN%2, (i:, Stee/ 7ut"o#it. o$ India Limited (:, 2oa/ India Ltd (2IL, i t"e 5t" &a"a#atna added Na/ratna "che#e 1997 i /aun0"ed in o#de# to identi$. 2-SE t"at en?o. 0om+a#ati:e ad:antage in t"ei# #e +e0ti:e e0to# and to u++o#t t"em in t"ei# d#i:e to 1e0ome g/o1a/ giant ' T"e Na:#atna 2-SE "a:e 1een gi:en en"an0ed autonom. and de/egation o$ +o3e# to in0u# 0a+ita/ eA+enditu#e to ente# into te0"no/og. ?oint :entu#e Q t#ategi0 a//ian0e 5 to e$$e0t o#gani*ationa/ #e t#u0tu#ing5 to 0#eate and 3ind-u+ +o t u+ to 8oa#d /e:e/ and to #ai e 0a+ita/ $#om dome ti0 and inte#nationa/ ma#ket ' -#e ent/. t"e#e a#e 16 Na:#atna 2-SE :i*' 8"a#at E/e0t#oni0 Limited 8"a#at =ea:. E/e0t#i0a/ Limited 8"a#at -et#o/eum 2o#+o#ation Limited %7IL (India, Limited =indu tan 7e#onauti0 Limited =indu tan -et#o/eum 2o#+o#ation Limited &a"anaga# Te/e+"one Nigam Limited Nationa/ 7/uminium 2om+an. Limited
N&;2 Limited Ne.:e/i Lignite 2o#+o#ation Limited Fi/ India Limited -o3e# Iinan0e 2o#+o#ation Limited -o3e# %#id 2o#+o#ation o$ India Limited 4a "t#i.a I +at Nigam Limited 4u#a/ E/e0t#i$i0ation 2o#+o#ation Limited S"i++ing 2o#+o#ation o$ India Limited )iniratna "che#e 1997 to make t"e +u1/i0 e0to# mo#e e$$i0ient and 0om+etiti:e and to g#ant en"an0ed autonom. and de/egation o$ +o3e# to t"e +#o$it making +u1/i0 e0to# ente#+#i e ' -#e ent/. t"e#e a#e 68 &ini 4atna 2-SEE 3"e#e 52 a#e &ini 4atna 2atego#. I 2-SE and 16 a#e &ini 4atna 2atego#. II 2-SE T"e +o3e# gi:en to &ini#atna 2-SE in0/ude t"e +o3e# to (i, in0u# 0a+ita/ eA+enditu#e5 (ii, ente# into ?oint :entu#e 5 (iii, et u+ te0"no/ogi0a/ and t#ategi0 a//ian0e and (i:, $o#mu/ate 0"eme o$ "uman #e ou#0e management' Forei n Direct In/est#ent 2FDI5 a, Io# in:e tment unde# t"e automati0 #oute $o#eign in:e to# need to in$o#m t"e 48I 3it"in 3) da. o$ 1#inging in t"ei# in:e tment and 3it"in 3) da. o$ i uing an. "a#e to $o#eigne# ' 1, 7utomati0 a++#o:a/ (48I #oute, $o# 1)) +e# 0ent $o#eign eMuit. i +e#mitted in gene#ation5 t#an mi ion5 and di t#i1ution and t#ading in +o3e# e0to# 3it"out an. u++e# 0ei/ing on t"e Muantum o$ in:e tment' List o. acti/ities 7here FDI is prohi$ited 1' 4etai/ T#ading5 2' 7tomi0 Ene#g. 3' Lotte#. 8u ine 4' %am1/ing and 8etting5 5' 4ea/ E tate 8u ine 5 eA0/uding to3n "i+ 5 "ou ing5 1ui/t u+ in$#a t#u0tu#e and 0on t#u0tion de:e/o+ment +#o?e0t ' 6' 7g#i0u/tu#e eA0/uding $/o#i0u/tu#e5 "o#ti0u/tu#e5 de:e/o+ment o$ eed 5 anima/ "u 1and#.5 -i 0i0u/tu#e5 and 0u/ti:ation o$ :egeta1/e 5 mu "#oom5 et0 unde# 0ont#o//ed 0ondition and e#:i0e #e/ated to ag#o and a//ied e0to# and +/antation ot"e# t"an tea +/antation ' 700o#ding to t"e 6N2T7; Do#/d In:e tment 4e+o#t (DI4, 2)1) #e+o#t5 t"e to+ $i:e mo t att#a0ti:e /o0ation $o# I;I $o# 2))9-11 a#e 2"ina5 India5 8#a*i/5 6nited State and t"e 4u ian Iede#ation' India "ad 1een #e+o#ted a t"e t"i#d mo t I;I att#a0ti:e de tination (2"ina5 6S7, I#portant Features o. National )ineral PolicyA !33E 7 a eMue/ to t"e #e0ommendation o$ t"e =oda 2ommittee 3"i0" 3a 0on tituted 1. t"e -/anning 2ommi ion to #e:ie3 t"e Nationa/ &ine#a/ -o/i0.5 a Ne3 Nationa/ &ine#a/ -o/i0.5 2))8 3a a++#o:ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment' T"e +o/i0. ad:o0ate K(i, u e o$ tate-o$-t"e-a#t te0"no/og. $o# eA+/o#ation9 (ii, *e#o 3a te mining9 (iii, de:e/o+ment o$ 0a+ita/ ma#ket t#u0tu#e to att#a0t #i k in:e tment into u#:e. and +#o +e0ting9 (i:, T#an +a#en0. in a//o0ation o$ 0on0e ion 9 (:, au0tion o$ o#e 1odie +#o +e0ted at +u1/i0 eA+en e (:i, Inde+endent &ining 7dmini t#ati:e T#i1una/9 (:ii, a $#ame3o#k o$ u taina1/e de:e/o+ment to take 0a#e o$ 1iodi:e# it. i ue et0' )INE*AL *E"O:*CE" IN INDIA
T"e 0/a i$i0ation o$ #e e#:e Q#e ou#0e o$ :a#iou mine#a/ 1a ed on :nited Nations Fra#e 7or@ Classi.ication (6NI2, a on 1'4'2))5 "a 1een u+dated' T"e 6NI2 0on i t o$ a t"#ee dimen iona/ . tem 3it" t"e 3 aAe K W E0onomi0 Cia1i/it. W Iea i1i/it. 7 e ment and W %eo/ogi0a/ 7 e ment 6NI2 i a t"#ee-digit 0ode 1a ed . tem5 3"e#ein t"e e0onomi0 :ia1i/it. aAi #e+#e ent t"e $i# t digit5 t"e $ea i1i/it. aAi t"e e0ond digit and t"e geo/ogi0 aAi #e+#e ent t"e t"i#d digit' Ea0" o$ t"e e t"#ee aAi "a:e $u#t"e# 0ode in de0#ea ing o#de#' T"e econo#ic /ia$ility "a:e t"#ee 0ode - 1 (E0onomi0,5 2 (-otentia//. e0onomi0, and 3 (Int#in i0a//. e0onomi0,9 T"e .easi$ility assess#ent "a:e t"#ee 0ode i'e' 1 (Iea i1i/it. tud. and mining #e+o#t,5 2 (-#e$ea i1i/it. tud., and 3 (%eo/ogi0a/ tud., and T"e eolo ical assess#ents ha/e $ou# 0ode - 1 (;etai/ed eA+/o#ation,5 2 (%ene#a/ eA+/o#ation,5 3 (-#o +e0ting, and 4 (4e0onnai an0e,' T"u t"e "ig"e t 0atego#. and #e ou#0e unde# 6NI2 . tem 3i// "a:e t"e 0ode (111, and /o3e t 0atego#. t"e 0ode (334,' Total )ineral *esourcesC 4e e#:e +/u 4emaining 4e ou#0e 0om+#i e t"e Tota/ &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e' A6 )ineral *eser/esC E0onomi0a//. minea1/e +a#t o$ &ea u#ed andQo# Indi0ated mine#a/ #e ou#0e i, -#o:ed &ine#a/ 4e e#:e (111, and ii, -#o1a1/e &ine#a/ 4e e#:e (121, and (122, B6 )ineral *esourcesC It i t"e 1a/an0e o$ t"e Tota/ &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e t"at "a:e not 1een identi$ied a a &ine#a/ 4e e#:e i, &ea u#ed &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (331, ii, Indi0ated &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (332, iii, In$e##ed &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (333, i:, 4e0onnai an0e &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (334, :, -#e$ea i1i/it. &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (221, and (222, :i, Iea i1i/it. &ine#a/ 4e ou#0e - (211, Chapter !3 - Mustice and La7 T=E 2on titution o$ t"e 4e+u1/i0 o$ India gua#antee +#ote0tion o$ /i$e and +e# ona/ /i1e#t. and +#o:ide adeMuate a$egua#d again t t"e a#1it#a#. de+#i:ation t"e#eo$ 1. t"e State' 6nit. and uni$o#mit. o$ t"e ?udi0ia/ t#u0tu#e 3e#e +#e e#:ed 1. +/a0ing a#ea o$ 0#imina/ /a3 and +#o0edu#e5 0i:i/ +#o0edu#e5 3i//5 u00e ion5 0ont#a0t in0/uding +e0ia/ $o#m o$ 0ont#a0t in t"e 2on0u##ent Li t' "O:*CE OF LA> T"e main ou#0e o$ /a3 in India a#e t"e 2on titution5 tatute (/egi /ation,5 0u toma#. /a3 and 0a e /a3' ENACT)ENT OF LA>" T"e -a#/iament i 0om+etent to make /a3 on matte# enume#ated in t"e 6nion Li t' State /egi /atu#e a#e 0om+etent to make /a3 on matte# enume#ated in t"e State Li t' -a#/iament a/one "a +o3e# to make /a3 on matte# not in0/uded in t"e State o# 2on0u##ent Li t' Fn matte# enume#ated in t"e 2on0u##ent Li t5 /a3 0an 1e made 1. 1ot" -a#/iament and /egi /atu#e ' In t"e e:ent o$ #e+ugnan0.5 /a3 made 1. -a#/iament "a// +#e:ai/ un/e "a #e0ei:ed +#e ident a ent' Budi0ia/ . tem- a+eA 1od. i Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India 3it" a =ig" 2ou#t $o# ea0" State o# g#ou+ o$ State 5 and unde# =ig" 2ou#t t"e#e i a "ie#a#0". o$ u1o#dinate 0ou#t ' -an0"a.at 0ou#t a/ o $un0tion in ome State unde# :a#iou name /ike $yaya !an#hayat, !an#hayat +da%at, 'ram *a#hehri et0' to de0ide 0i:i/ and 0#imina/ di +ute o$ +ett. and /o0a/ natu#e' ;i$$e#ent State /a3 +#o:ide $o# ?u#i di0tion o$ t"e e 0ou#t ' T"e#e a#e 3 tie# o$ 0i:i/ and 0#imina/ 0ou#t 1e/o3 t"e "ig" 0ou#t' =ig" 0ou#t ;i t#i0t and e ion Budge 2ou#t
i, 2i:i/ ide ii, Su1o#dinate Budge 0ou#t iii, &un i$$ 0ou#t
i, 0#imina/ ide ii, 2"ie$ ?udi0ia/ magi t#ate 0ou#t (im+#i onment u+to 7 .ea# , iii, Budi0ia/ &agi t#ateE 0ou#t (im+#i onment u+to 3 .ea# ,
Ea0" tate i di:ided into ?udi0ia/ di t#i0t +#e ided o:e# 1. a di t#i0t and e ion Budge' T"e di t#i0t ?udge i t"e "ig"e t aut"o#it. in t"e di t#i0t' =e +o e e o#igina/ and a++e//ate ?u#i di0tion in 1ot" 0i:i/ a 3e// a 0#imina/ matte# ' ;i t#i0t ?udge i a/ o t"e Se ion ?udge' D"en "e dea/ 0i:i/ 0a e "e i 0a//ed a di t#i0t ?udge and 3"en "e "ea# 0#imina/ 0a e "e i 0a//ed a Se ion ?udge' 7++ea/ again t t"e o#de# and ?udgement /ie to t"e "ig" 0ou#t' T"e Se ion ?udge "a t"e +o3e# to im+o e an. enten0e in0/uding /i$e im+#i onment and 0a+ita/ +uni "ment (deat" enten0e,' =o3e:e# t"e 0a+ita/ +uni "ment +a ed 1. t"e e ion 0ou#t ?udge i u1?e0t to 0on$i#mation 1. t"e =ig" 0ou#t 3"et"e# t"e#e i an a++ea/ o# not' ":P*E)E CO:*T T"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India at +#e ent 0om+#i e t"e 2"ie$ Bu ti0e and 3) ot"e# Budge a++ointed 1. t"e -#e ident o$ India' Su+#eme 2ou#t Budge #eti#e u+on attaining t"e age o$ 65 .ea# ' In o#de# to 1e a++ointed a a Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t5 a +e# on mu t 1e a 0iti*en o$ India and mu t "a:e 1een5 $o# at /ea t $i:e .ea# 5 a Budge o$ a =ig" 2ou#t o# o$ t3o o# mo#e u0" 2ou#t in u00e ion5 o# an 7d:o0ate o$ a =ig" 2ou#t o# o$ t3o o# mo#e u0" 2ou#t in u00e ion $o# at /ea t 1) .ea# 5 o# "e mu t 1e5 in t"e o+inion o$ t"e -#e ident5 a di tingui "ed ?u#i t' -#o:i ion eAi t $o# t"e a++ointment o$ a Budge o$ a =ig" 2ou#t a an 7d-"o0 Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t and $o# #eti#ed Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o# =ig" 2ou#t to it and a0t a Budge o$ t"at 2ou#t' 7 Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t 0annot 1e #emo:ed $#om o$$i0e eA0e+t 1. an o#de# o$ t"e -#e ident +a ed a$te# an add#e in ea0" =ou e o$ -a#/iament u++o#ted 1. a ma?o#it. o$ t"e tota/ mem1e# "i+ o$ t"at =ou e and 1. a ma?o#it. o$ not /e t"an t3o-t"i#d o$ mem1e# +#e ent and :oting5 and +#e ented to t"e -#e ident in t"e ame Se ion $o# u0" #emo:a/ on t"e g#ound o$ +#o:ed mi 1e"a:io# o# in0a+a0it.' 7 +e# on 3"o "a 1een a Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t i de1a##ed $#om +#a0ti0ing in an. 0ou#t o$ /a3 o# 1e$o#e an. ot"e# aut"o#it. in India' T"e +#o0eeding o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t a#e 0ondu0ted in Eng/i " on/.' Su+#eme 2ou#t 4u/e 5 1966 a#e $#amed unde# 7#ti0/e 145 o$ t"e 2on titution to #egu/ate t"e +#a0ti0e and +#o0edu#e o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t' T"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India "a o#igina/ ?u#i di0tion in an. di +ute a#i ingK (a, 1et3een t"e %o:e#nment o$ India and one o# mo#e State o# (1, 1et3een t"e %o:t o$ India and an. State o# State on t"e one ide and one o# mo#e State on t"e ot"e# o# (0, 1et3een t3o o# mo#e tate ' 7n a++ea/ "a// /ie to t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t $#om an. Budgement5 ;e0#ee o# $ina/ o#de# o$ a =ig" 2ou#t in t"e te##ito#. o$ India5 3"et"e# in a 2i:i/5 2#imina/ o# ot"e# +#o0eeding'
+I0+ CO:*T" =ig" 2ou#t tand at t"e "ead o$ t"e StateE Budi0ia/ 7dmini t#ation' T"e#e a#e 21 =ig" 2ou#t in t"e 0ount#.5 t"#ee "ig" 0ou#t 8om1a.5 %3a"ati and 2"andiga#" "a:ing ?u#i di0tion o:e# mo#e t"an one State' 7mong t"e 6nion Te##ito#ie 5 ;e/"i a/one "a a =ig" 2ou#t o$ it o3n' T"e 2"ie$ Bu ti0e o$ a =ig" 2ou#t i a++ointed 1. t"e -#e ident in 0on u/tation 3it" t"e 2"ie$ Bu ti0e o$ India and t"e %o:e#no# o$ t"e tate' T"e +#o0edu#e $o# a++ointing o$ t"e =ig" 2ou#t ?udge i t"e ame eA0e+t t"at t"e #e0ommendation $o# t"e a++ointment o$ Budge in t"e =ig" 2ou#t i initiated 1. t"e 2"ie$ Bu ti0e o$ t"e =ig" 2ou#t 0on0e#ned' T"e. "o/d o$$i0e u+ to 62 .ea# o$ age' T"e #eti#ement age "a 1een in0#ea ed $#om 6) to 62 1. t"e 15t" amendment a0t 1963' 114t" amendment 1i// 2)1) "a 1een int#odu0ed to in0#ea e t"e #eti#ement age o$ "ig" 0ou#t ?udge $#om 62 to 65'
To 1e e/igi1/e $o# a++ointment a a ?udge5 one mu t 1e a 0iti*en o$ India and "ou/d "a:e "e/d a ?udi0ia/ o$$i0e in India $o# 1) .ea# o# mu t "a:e +#a0ti0ed a an ad:o0ate o$ a =ig" 2ou#t o# t3o o# mo#e u0" 0ou#t in u00e ion $o# a imi/a# +e#iod' T"e Nationa/ Budi0ia/ 70adem. "a 1een et u+ 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in 8"o+a/ in 1993 to +#o:ide in- e#:i0e t#aining to Budi0ia/ F$$i0e# ' LE0AL AID TO T+E POO* 7#ti0/e 397 o$ t"e 2on titution o$ India +#o:ide $o# $#ee /ega/ aid to t"e +oo# and 3eake# e0tion o$ t"e o0iet. and en u#e ?u ti0e $o# a//' 7#ti0/e 14 and 22(1, o$ t"e 0on titution a/ o make it o1/igato#. $o# t"e State to en u#e eMua/it. 1e$o#e /a3 and a /ega/ . tem 3"i0" +#omote ?u ti0e on t"e 1a i o$ eMua/ o++o#tunit. to a//' T"e Nationa/ Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#it. (N7LS7, "a 1een 0on tituted unde# t"e Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#itie 70t5 1987 to monito# and e:a/uate im+/ementation o$ /ega/ e#:i0e a:ai/a1/e unde# t"e 70t'T"e 2"ie$ Bu ti0e o$ India i t"e -at#on-in-2"ie$ and a Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India i t"e EAe0uti:e 2"ai#+e# on o$ t"e 7ut"o#it.' F:NCTIONIN0 OF NAL"A T"e N7LS7 i ue guide/ine $o# t"e State Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#itie to im+/ement t"e Lega/ 7id -#og#amme and 0"eme t"#oug"out t"e 0ount#.' -#ima#i/.5 t"e State Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#itie 5 ;i t#i0t Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#itie 5 Ta/uka Lega/ Se#:i0e 2ommittee 5 et0' "a:e 1een a ked to di 0"a#ge t"e $o//o3ing t3o main $un0tion on #egu/a# 1a i K1' To -#o:ide I#ee Lega/ Se#:i0e to t"e e/igi1/e +e# on 9 and 2' To ogani*e Lok 7da/at $o# ami0a1/e ett/ement o$ di +ute ' T"e I#ee Lega/ Se#:i0e in0/udeK- (1, -a.ment o$ 0ou#t $ee5 +#o0e $ee and a// ot"e# 0"a#ge +a.a1/e o# in0u##ed in 0onne0tion 3it" an. /ega/ +#o0eeding 9 (2, -#o:iding 7d:o0ate in /ega/ +#o0eeding 9 (3,' F1taining and u++/. o$ 0e#ti$ied 0o+ie o$ o#de# and ot"e# do0ument in /ega/ +#o0eeding 9 and (4, -#e+a#ation o$ a++ea/5 +a+e# 1ook in0/uding +#inting and t#an /ation o$ do0ument in /ega/ +#o0eeding ' E/igi1/e +e# on $o# getting $#ee /ega/ e#:i0e in0/udeK- (1, Domen and 0"i/d#en9 (2, mem1e# o$ S2QST9 (3, Indu t#ia/ 3o#kmen9 (4, Ci0tim o$ ma di a te#K :io/en0e5 $/ood5 d#oug"t5 ea#t"Muake5 indu t#ia/ di a te#9 (5, di a1/ed +e# on 9 (6, -e# on in 0u tod.9 (7, -e# on 3"o e annua/ in0ome doe not eA0eed 4 5)5)))Q- and (8, Ci0tim o$ T#a$$i0king in =uman 1eing ' Lok 7da/at i a $o#um 3"e#e t"e di +ute Q0a e +ending in t"e 0ou#t o$ /a3 o# at +#e/itigation tage a#e ett/edQ 0om+#omi ed ami0a1/.' T"e Lok 7da/at "a 1een gi:en tatuto#. tatu unde# t"e Lega/ Se#:i0e 7ut"o#itie 70t5 1987' 6nde# t"i 70t5 an a3a#d made 1. a Lok 7da/at i deemed to 1e a de0#ee o$ a 0i:i/ 0ou#t and i $ina/ and 1inding on a// +a#tie and no a++ea/ /ie again t t"e#eto 1e$o#e an. 0ou#t' N7LS7 i +u1/i "ing a ne3 /ette# 'N.a.a ;ee+' to +#omote a "ea/t". 3o#king #e/ation "i+ 1et3een /ega/ e#:i0e $un0tiona#ie t"#oug"out t"e 0ount#.' Na/ a "a /aun0"ed -#o?e0t 2om1at to to+ a0#i$i0e o$ gi#/ 0"i/d $o# 0omme#0ia/ eAua/ eA+/oitation in t"e name o$ ;e:ada i 0u tom' ATTO*NE= 0ENE*AL T"e 7tto#ne. %ene#a/ $o# India i a++ointed 1. t"e -#e ident and "o/d o$$i0e du#ing t"e +/ea u#e o$ t"e -#e ident' =e mu t 1e a +e# on Mua/i$ied to 1e a++ointed a a Budge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t' It i t"e dut. o$ t"e 7tto#ne.-%ene#a/ in India to gi:e ad:i0e to t"e %o:e#nment o$ India u+on u0" /ega/ matte# and to +e#$o#m u0" ot"e# dutie o$ a /ega/ 0"a#a0te#5 a ma. 1e #e$e##ed o# a igned to "im 1. t"e -#e ident and to di 0"a#ge t"e $un0tion 0on$e##ed on "im 1. o# unde# t"e 2on titution o# an. ot"e# /a3' In t"e +e#$o#man0e o$ "i dutie 5 "e "a t"e #ig"t o$ audien0e in a// 0ou#t in India 1ut do not "a:e #ig"t to :ote in +a#/iament' In t"e di 0"a#ge o$ "i $un0tion 5 t"e 7tto#ne. %ene#a/ i a i ted 1. t"e So/i0ito#-%ene#a/ and t"e 7dditiona/ So/i0ito# -%ene#a/' ALTE*NATI;E DI"P:TE *ED*E""AL 2AD*5
Dit" t"e tee+ g#o3t" in t"e num1e# o$ /a3 and t"e num1e# o$ 0a e 5 t"e 2ou#t . tem i unde# g#eat +#e u#e' In o#de# to #edu0e t"e "ea:. demand on 2ou#t time5 e$$o#t need to 1e made to #e o/:e t"e di +ute 1. #e o#ting to 7/te#nati:e ;i +ute 4e o/ution &et"od 1e$o#e t"e. ente# t"e +o#ta/ o$ t"e 0ou#t' T"e 7#1it#ation5 &ediation and 2on0i/iation a#e too/ o$ 7/te#nati:e ;i +ute 4ed#e a/ S. tem' 7#1it#ation i a +#o0e t"e 0a e' in 3"i0" a neut#a/ t"i#d +a#t. o# +a#tie #ende# a de0i ion 1a ed on t"e me#it o$
T"e +#o0e o$ mediation aim to $a0i/itate t"e de:e/o+ment o$ a 0on en ua/ o/ution 1. t"e di +uting +a#tie ' T"e mediation +#o0e i o:e# een 1. a non-+a#ti an t"i#d +a#t. - t"e &ediato#' T"e aut"o#it. o$ t"e mediato# :e t on t"e 0on ent o$ t"e +a#tie t"at "e "ou/d $a0i/itate t"ei# negotiation ' 2on0i/iation i a +#o0e 1. 3"i0" #e o/ution o$ di +ute i a0"ie:ed 1. 0om+#omi e o# :o/unta#. ag#eement' In 0ont#a t to a#1it#ation5 t"e 0on0i/iato# doe not #ende# a 1inding a3a#d' T"e +a#tie a#e $#ee to a00e+t o# #e?e0t t"e #e0ommendation o$ t"e 0on0i/iato#' The La7 Co##ission o. India i a non- tatuto#. 1od. 0on tituted 1. t"e %o:e#nment $#om time to time' T"e 2ommi ion 3a o#igina//. 0on tituted in 1955 and i #e0on tituted e:e#. t"#ee .ea# ' T"e 19 t" La3 2ommi ion 3a 0on tituted 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 Se+tem1e# 2))9 $o# a te#m o$ t"#ee .ea# u+ to 31 7ugu t 2)12' =on'1/e Bu ti0e S"#i -'C' 4eddi i t"e 2"ai#man and ;#' 8#a"m 7' 7g#a3a/ i t"e &em1e#Se0#eta#.' 2)t" La3 2ommi ion 3a 0on tituted 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 Se+tem1e# 2)12 $o# a te#m o$ t"#ee .ea# u+ to 31 7ugu t 2)15' T"e 2)t" La3 2ommi ion 3i// 1e "eaded 1. a $u//-time 2"ai#+e# on and 3i// 0on i t o$ $ou# $u//-time &em1e# (in0/uding &em1e#-Se0#eta#.,5 Se0#eta#.5 ;e+a#tment o$ Lega/ 7$$ai# (a eA-o$$i0io &em1e#,5 Se0#eta#.5 Legi /ati:e ;e+a#tment (a eA o$$i0io &em1e#, and $i:e +a#t-time &em1e# ' .9o ne9 #hanges &rought in this time are8 2a56 T"i time5 Se0#eta#.5 ;e+a#tment o$ Lega/ 7$$ai# and Se0#eta#.5 Legi /ati:e ;e+a#tment "a:e 1een added to t"e 2ommi ion a eA- o$$i0io &em1e# ' 2$56 8e$o#e 0on0#eti*ing it #e0ommendation 5 t"e 2ommi ion 3i// no3 0on u/t t"e noda/ &ini t#. Q;e+a#tment( , and u0" ot"e# take"o/de# a t"e 2ommi ion ma. $ee/ ne0e a#. $o# t"e +u#+o e' T"e te#m o$ #e$e#en0e o$ t"e 2)t" La3 2ommi ion 3i// in0/udeK -identi$i0ation o$ /a3 3"i0" a#e in "a#mon. 3it" t"e eAi ting 0/imate o$ e0onomi0 g/o1a/i*ation5 -eA+/o#ing uita1/e mea u#e $o# eMua/ #ed#e a/ o$ 0iti*en g#ie:an0e #e/ated to t"e $ie/d o$ /a35 -eAamination o$ /a3 3"i0" a$$e0t t"e +oo# and 0a##.ing out +o t-audit $o# o0io-e0onomi0 /egi /ation 5 -to take mea u#e to "a#ne t"e /a3 and /ega/ +#o0e in t"e e#:i0e o$ t"e +oo#5 -to e/iminate de/a. 5 +eed. 0/ea#an0e o$ a##ea# o$ 0a e and #edu0tion in 0o t 5 -eAamining eAi ting /a3 3it" a :ie3 to +#omote gende# eMua/it. and ugge ting amendment to u0" 0a e 5 -to eAamine t"e im+a0t o$ g/o1a/i*ation on $ood e0u#it. and unem+/o.ment and #e0ommend mea u#e $o# t"e +#ote0tion o$ t"e inte#e t o$ t"e ma#gina/i*ed' T"e Nationa/ 2ommi ion to 4e:ie3 t"e Do#king o$ t"e 2on titution 3a et u+ on 22 Ie1#ua#. 2))) unde# 0"ai#man "i+ o$ Bu ti0e Cenkata0"a/ia"' ENFO*CE)ENT A0ENCIE" 16 POLICE T"e -o/i0e $o#0e in t"e 0ount#. i ent#u ted 3it" t"e #e +on i1i/it. o$ maintenan0e o$ +u1/i0 o#de# and +#e:ention and dete0tion o$ 0#ime ' -u1/i0 o#de# and +o/i0e 1eing tate u1?e0t unde# t"e 2on titution5 +o/i0e i maintained and 0ont#o//ed 1. State ' T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment maintain 2ent#a/ -o/i0e $o#0e 5 Inte//igen0e 8u#eau (I8,5 2ent#a/ 8u#eau o$ In:e tigation (28I,5 In titution $o# t#aining o$ +o/i0e o$$i0e# and $o#en i0 0ien0e in titution to a i t t"e State in gat"e#ing inte//igen0e5 in maintaining /a3 and o#de#5 in in:e tigating +e0ia/ 0#ime 0a e and in +#o:iding t#aining to t"e enio# +o/i0e o$$i0e# o$ t"e State go:e#nment '
28I 3a 0#eated in 7+#i/ 1963' -#io# to 963 t"e o#gani*ation 3a kno3n a Q"pecial Police Esta$lish#ent 0#eated and $un0tioning unde# t"e ;e/"i +e0ia/ +o/i0e e ta1/i "ment a0t 1946' 2' Indo-Ti$etan Border Police 2ITBP5 3a #ai ed on 21 F0to1e# 1962 a$te# t"e 2"ine e agg#e ion and 3a initia//. +/a0ed unde# t"e Inte//igen0e 8u#eau $o# o+e#ationa/ 0ont#o/' In 19755 t"e +#ima#. ta k o$ t"e IT8- 3a #e-de$ined a e0u#it. o$ no#t"e#n 1o#de# 5 to 0"e0k i//ega/ immig#ation and t#an 1o#de# 0#ime ' IT8- i gi:en t"e #e +on i1i/it. o$ +#o:iding e0u#it.Q 0ommuni0ationQ medi0a/ 0o:e# to t"e +i/g#im du#ing @ai/a "-&an a#o:e# Gat#a 1e ide 1eing t"e Noda/ 7gen0. $o# ;i a te# &anagement in t"e 2ent#a/ and De te#n =ima/a.an #egion' 3' Border "ecurity Force 2B"F5 #ai ed in 19655 i ent#u ted 3it" t"e ta k o$ maintaining +e#manent :igi/an0e on IndiaE inte#nationa/ 1o#de# and gua#d a tota/ o$ 65385'36 km o$ inte#nationa/ 1o#de# 5 +#ead o:e# mountain 5 in"o +ita1/e de e#t 5 #i:e#ine5 no3 1ound and ma# ". a#ea ' 8SI "a 1een a igned t"e #o/e o$ +#omoting a en e o$ e0u#it. among t t"e +eo+/e /i:ing in t"e 1o#de# a#ea and +#e:enting t#an 1o#de# 0#ime 5 u0" a mugg/ing5 in$i/t#ation Q eA$i/t#ation and ot"e# i//ega/ a0ti:itie ' 4' T"e Assa# *i.les #ai ed a 2at0"a# Le:. in 1835 i t"e o/de t -o/i0e Io#0e in t"e 0ount#.' T"e $o#0e "a a dua/ #o/e o$ maintaining inte#na/ e0u#it. in t"e No#t"-Ea te#n #egion and gua#ding t"e Indo&.anma# 8o#de#' T"e 7 am 4i$/e 0ont#i1ution to3a#d a imi/ation o$ t"e +eo+/e o$ no#t"-ea t into t"e nationa/ main t#eam i t#u/. monumenta/' T"e $o#0e i $ond/. 0a//ed NNT"e Sentine/ o$ t"e No#t"-Ea tEE and NNI#iend o$ t"e =i// -eo+/e'EE 5' The National "ecurity 0uards 2N"05 mode/ed on t"e +atte#n o$ S7S o$ t"e 6@ and %S%-9 o$ %e#man. "a 1een et u+ in 1984 $o# "and/ing 0ounte# te##o#i t and 0ounte# "i?a0king o+e#ation in0/uding CI- e0u#it.' It i a "ig"/. t#ained and moti:ated Io#0e $o# e$$e0ti:e/. dea/ing 3it" te##o#i t a0ti:itie in t"e 0ount#.' T"e NS% maintain t"e on/. Nationa/ 8om1 ;ata 2ent#e o$ t"e 0ount#.' (6 The Central *eser/e Police Force 2C*PF5 i an 7#med Io#0e o$ t"e 6nion o$ India $o# inte#na/ e0u#it. management' T"i Io#0e 3a #ai ed in 14%4 at Nimu0" (&-, a t"e Cro7n *epresentati/es Police and 3a #enamed a t"e Central *eser/e Police Force in 1494' 7t +#e ent5 24-I "a 2)6 8atta/ion in0/uding 4a+id 70tion Io#0e (47I,' T"e Io#0e #emained 0ommitted to inte#na/ e0u#it. and 0ounte# in u#gen0.-0um-antite##o#i t o+e#ation in :a#iou +a#t o$ t"e 0ount#.' T"i i a Io#0e 3it" /adie 0ontingent o#gani*ed in t3o &a"i/a 8atta/ion ' ,6 *apid Action Force 2*AF5 i an integ#a/ +a#t o$ t"e (24-I, 2ent#a/ 4e e#:e -o/i0e Io#0e' It "a 1een 0on0ei:ed in 1992 a a +e0ia//. t#ained and eMui++ed to 1e an e$$e0ti:e t#ike $o#0e main/. to ta0k/e 0ommuna/ #iot and #iot-/ike ituation ' 6n/ike t"e 0on:entiona/ $o#0e o$ /a3 and o#de#5 t"e 47I in addition to it /a3 en$o#0ing #o/e "a got +o t-#iot #o/e in #e 0ue and #e/ie$' E6 The Central Industrial "ecurity Force 2CI"F5 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1969 to +#o:ide e0u#it. to indu t#ia/ unde#taking o$ t"e go:e#nment' 46 The "ardar ;alla$h$hai Patel National Police Acade#y i t"e +#emie# +o/i0e t#aining in titution in t"e 0ount#. 3"i0" im+a#t 1a i0 a 3e// a in- e#:i0e t#aining to Indian -o/i0e Se#:i0e (I-S, o$$i0e# ' E ta1/i "ed in 1948 at &ount 71u5 4a?a t"an5 t"e 70adem. 3a "i$ted to =.de#a1ad in 1975' 1)' "A"+A"T*A "EE)A BAL S+e0ia/ Se#:i0e 8u#eau (SS8, 3a et u+ in t"e ea#/. 1963 unde# 2a1inet Se0#eta#iat in t"e 3ake o$ India-2"ina 0on$/i0t o$ 1962 to 1ui/d +eo+/e E mo#a/e and in0u/0ate +i#it o$ #e i tan0e in t"e 1o#de# +o+u/ation again t t"#eat o$ u1:e# ion5 in$i/t#ation and a1otage $#om a0#o t"e 1o#de#' It i no3 unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ =ome 7$$ai# 3it" e$$e0t $#om 15 Banua#. 2))1 and a igned t"e #e +on i1i/it. to gua#d a/ong t"e Indo-Ne+a/ and Indo-8"utan 8o#de# ' Name o$ SS8 "a 1een 0"anged a NNSa "a t#a Seema 8a/EE $#om 15 ;e0em1e# 2))3' 11' +o#e 0uards i a :o/unta#. $o#0e5 $i# t #ai ed in India in ;e0em1e# 19465 to a i t t"e +o/i0e in 0ont#o//ing 0i:i/ di tu#1an0e and 0ommuna/ #iot ' 12' FI*E "E*;ICE Ii#e i a State u1?e0t and $i#e e#:i0e a#e admini te#ed 1. t"e State Q6nion Te##ito#ie ' T"e &ini t#. o$ =ome 7$$ai# #ende# te0"ni0a/ ad:i0e to State Q6nion Te##ito#ie and 2ent#a/ &ini t#ie 13' T"e Nationa/ In titute o$ 2#imino/og. and Io#en i0 S0ien0e (&=7, i a +#emie# in titution $o# 2#imino/og.5 3a et u+ in 1972' It "a 1een named a NNLok Na.ak Ba.a+#aka " Na#a.an Nationa/ In titute o$ 2#imino/og. and Io#en i0 S0ien0eEE on 3 F0to1e# 2))3 Chapter !1- La$our L78F64 +o/i0. in India "a a t3o-$o/d o1?e0ti:e -maintaining indu t#ia/ +ea0e and
-+#omoting t"e 3e/$a#e o$ /a1ou#' La1ou# 4e$o#m e entia//. mean taking te+ to in0#ea e +#odu0tion5 +#odu0ti:it. and em+/o.ment o++o#tunitie in t"e e0onom. 3"i/e +#ote0ting o:e#a// inte#e t o$ /a1ou#' La$our la7s6 1' The )ini#u# >a es ActA 149E +#o:ide $o# $iAation5 #e:ie35 #e:i ion and en$o#0ement o$ minimum 3age5 1ot" 1. t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment and t"e State %o:e#nment5 in #e +e0t o$ 0"edu/ed em+/o.ment in t"ei# #e +e0ti:e ?u#i di0tion ' T"e &inimum Dage 70t5 1948 doe not a//o3 di 0#imination 1et3een ma/e and $ema/e 3o#ke# o# di$$e#ent minimum 3age $o# t"em' 7// t"e +#o:i ion o$ t"e 70t eMua//. a++/. to 1ot" ma/e and $ema/e 3o#ke# ' In o#de# to +#ote0t t"e minimum 3age again t in$/ation5 t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment "a made +#o:i ion o$ Ca#ia1/e ;ea#ne 7//o3an0e (C;7, /inked to 2on ume# -#i0e IndeA' C;7 i #e:i ed +e#iodi0a//. t3i0e a .ea# e$$e0ti:e 7+#i/ and F0to1e# in t"e 2ent#a/ S+"e#e !6 National Floor Le/el )ini#u# >a e 3a int#odu0ed in o#de# to "a:e a uni$o#m 3age t#u0tu#e and to #edu0e t"e di +a#it. in minimum 3age a0#o t"e 0ount#.' T"e NIL&D "a 1een #e:i ed $#om time to time +#ima#i/. taking into a00ount t"e in0#ea e in t"e 2on ume# -#i0e IndeA Num1e# $o# Indu t#ia/ Do#ke# ' T"e NIL&D tand at 4 1))Q- +e# da. 3'e'$' 1 No:em1e#5 2))9' 3' The Pay#ent o. >a es ActA 14%( i a /a1ou# $#iend/. Legi /ation 3"i0" en u#e +#ima#i/. time/. +a.ment o$ 3age and t"at no unaut"o#i*ed dedu0tion a#e made $#om t"e 3age o$ t"e 3o#ke# ' 96 The Pay#ent o. >a es 2No#ination5 *ulesA !334- T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment "a noti$ied t"e -a.ment o$ Dage (Nomination, 4u/e 5 2))95 de$ining t"e +#o0edu#e $o# nomination and #e t#i0ting t"e nomination 1. 3o#ke# to "i $ami/. mem1e# ' 5' The Pay#ent o. Bonus ActA 14(' +#o:ide $o# +a.ment o$ 1onu to em+/o.ee o$ $a0to#ie and ot"e# e ta1/i "ment em+/o.ing 2) o# mo#e +e# on ' T"e minimum 1onu o$ 8'33 +e# 0ent i +a.a1/e 1. e:e#. indu t#.' T"e maAimum 1onu in0/uding +#odu0ti:it. /inked 1onu t"at 0an 1e +aid in an. a00ounting .ea# "a// not eA0eed 2) +e# 0ent o$ t"e a/a#.Q3age o$ an em+/o.ee 6' CONT*ACT LABO:* i a +e# on 3"o i "i#ed5 u+e#:i ed5 0ont#a0ted and #emune#ated 1. a 0ont#a0to#5 3"o5 in tu#n5 i 0om+en ated 1. t"e u e# ente#+#i e ' T"e 0on0e#n to im+#o:e t"e 3o#king and /i:ing 0ondition o$ 0ont#a0t /a1ou# and t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ IndiaE o1 e#:ation in t"e 0a e o$ Standa#d Ca0uum 4e$ine#. 2om+an. C ' t"ei# Do#kmen5 #e u/ted in t"e ena0tment o$ t"e 2ont#a0t La1ou# (4egu/ation and 71o/ition, 70t5 197)' T"e 70t 0ontain +e0i$i0 +#o:i ion to en u#e +a.ment o$ 3age and 0e#tain amenitie to 1e +#o:ided 1. t"e 0ont#a0to# to t"e 0ont#a0t /a1ou#' 7' C+ILD LABO:* T"e 2on titution +#o:ide $o# +#ote0tion o$ 0"i/d#en $#om in:o/:ement in e0onomi0 a0ti:itie and a:o0ation un uited to t"ei# age t"#oug" ;-S- and I4' 7 +e# 2"i/d La1ou# (-#o"i1ition and 4egu/ation, 70t5 em+/o.ment o$ 0"i/d#en 1e/o3 t"e age o$ 14 .ea# i +#o"i1ited in noti$ied "a*a#dou o00u+ation and +#o0e e ' T"e 70t a/ o #egu/ate em+/o.ment o$ 0"i/d#en in non-"a*a#dou o00u+ation and +#o0e e ' T"e#e a#e at +#e ent 16 "a*a#dou o00u+ation and 65 +#o0e e 5 3"e#e em+/o.ment o$ 0"i/d#en i +#o"i1ited' 7 +e# t"e 2en u 2))15 t"e#e a#e 12'6 mi//ion e0onomi0a//. a0ti:e 0"i/d#en in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 5 to 14 .ea# 5 o$ 3"i0" a++#oAimate/. )'12 mi//ion a#e 3o#king in "a*a#dou o00u+ation ' %o:e#nment "ad initiated t"e Nationa/ 2"i/d La1ou# -#o?e0t (N2L-, S0"eme in 1988 to #e"a1i/itate 3o#king 0"i/d#en in 12 0"i/d /a1ou# endemi0 di t#i0t o$ t"e 0ount#.' International Cooperation 7 ne3 -#o?e0t named R2on:e#ging 7gain t 2"i/d La1ou#K Su++o#t $o# India' &ode/R 3it" $unding $#om t"e ;e+a#tment o$ La1ou#5 %o:e#nment o$ 6S75 "a 1een a++#o:ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India $o# de:e/o+ing o$ 0on:e#gen0e 1a ed mode/5 3"e#ein ILF i 3o#king 3it" t"e &ini t#. $o# de:e/o+ing t"e e mode/ in ten identi$ied di t#i0t in $i:e State o$ 8i"a#5 B"a#k"and5 %u?a#at5 &ad".a -#ade " and F#i a' T"e -#o?e0t 3a $o#ma//. /aun0"ed 1. S"#i &a//ika#?un @"a#ge5 =on'1/e 6nion &ini te# o$ La1ou# and Em+/o.ment on 31 Bu/.5 2)1) at 8"u1ane 3a#' In addition5 %o:e#nment i a/ o im+/ementing ome ot"e# inte#nationa/ +#o?e0t $o# 0"i/d /a1ou# e/imination in a o0iation 3it" ILF5 one in @a#nataka5 $unded 1. t"e %o:t o$ Ita/. and anot"e# in 7nd"#a -#ade "5 $unded 1. ;e+a#tment $o# Inte#nationa/ ;e:e/o+ment (;II;-6@,'
>O)EN LABO:* T"e 2en u o$ India (2))1, "a #egi te#ed 25'6) +e# 0ent o$ $ema/e +o+u/ation a 3o#ke# ' T"e ma?o#it. o$ 3omen 3o#ke# a#e em+/o.ed in t"e #u#a/ a#ea ' 7mong t #u#a/ 3omen 3o#ke# 5 87 +e# 0ent a#e em+/o.ed in ag#i0u/tu#e a /a1ou#e# and 0u/ti:ato# ' 7mong t t"e 3omen 3o#ke# in t"e u#1an a#ea 5 8) +e# 0ent a#e em+/o.ed in uno#gani*ed e0to# ' T"e /o3e t em+/o.ment o$ 3omen 3a in e/e0t#i0it.5 ga and 3ate# e0to# ' 7 e+a#ate 0e// kno3n a Domen La1ou# 2e// i $un0tioning in t"e &ini t#. o$ La1ou# and Em+/o.ment i, to #emo:e t"e "andi0a+ unde# 3"i0" t"e. 3o#k5 ii, to im+#o:e t"ei# 3age and 3o#king 0ondition 5 iii, to en"an0e t"ei# ki// and to o+en u+ 1ette# em+/o.ment o++o#tunitie $o# t"em' T"e EMua/ 4emune#ation 70t5 19765 i a +#ote0ti:e and anti-eA+/oitati:e /egi /ation5 3"i0" 3a ena0ted to +#ote0t and a$egua#d t"e inte#e t o$ 3omen 3o#ke# at t"e 3o#k+/a0e and it +#o"i1it an. gende# di 0#imination in #e0#uitment and e#:i0e 0ondition ' The La$our Bureau5 2"andiga#" Q S"im/a i engaged in 0o//e0tion5 0om+i/ation5 ana/. i and di emination o$ /a1ou# tati ti0 at 7//India /e:e/ on di$$e#ent $a0et o$ /a1ou#5 u0" a 5 em+/o.ment5 3age and ea#ning 5 t#ike and /o0kout 5 a1 enteei m5 /a1ou# tu#no:e#5 /a1ou# 0o t5 3o#king and /i:ing 0ondition o$ 3o#ke# 5 et0'5 1ot" in o#gani*ed and uno#gani*ed e0to# o$ indu t#ie ' It a/ o 0on t#u0t 5 maintain and +u1/i "e 2on ume# -#i0e IndeA Num1e# $o#K Indu t#ia/ Do#ke# (8a e 2))1Z1)),5 4u#a/ La1ou#e# (8a e 1986-87Z1)), and 7g#i0u/tu#a/ La1ou#e# (8a e 1986- 87Z1)),' 7 +e# t"e u#:e. 0a##ied out 1. t"e Nationa/ Sam+/e Su#:e. F#gani ation in t"e .ea# 2))4-2))55 t"e tota/ em+/o.ment5 in 1ot" o#gani*ed and uno#gani*ed e0to# in t"e 0ount#. 3a o$ t"e o#de# o$ 45'9 0#o#e5 i'e'5 a#ound 2'6 0#o#e in t"e o#gani*ed e0to# and t"e 1a/an0e 43'3 0#o#e 3o#ke# in t"e uno#gani*ed e0to#' La1ou# 8u#eau a/ o 0om+i/e *etail Price Indices o$ 31 e entia/ 0ommoditie $o# 1ot" #u#a/ and u#1an 0ent#e and >a e *ate Indices $o# 21 indu t#ie ' T"e La1ou# 8u#eau "a #e/ea ed on 9 &a#0"5 2))6 t"e ne3 Se#ie o$ 2-I-ID 3it" e$$e0t $#om Banua#.5 2))6' T"e ne3 Se#ie i an im+#o:ement o:e# t"e o/d Se#ie (1982Z1)), a mo#e 0ent#e 5 ma#ket and 0on um+tion item a#e 0o:e#ed' 7n IndeA 4e:ie3 2ommittee unde# t"e 2"ai#man "i+ o$ -#o$' %'@' 2"add"a 3a 0on tituted to #e:ie3 :a#iou a +e0t o$ t"e 2-I ID' ;6;6 0iri National La$our InstituteA NOIDA 2:ttar Pradesh5 i an autonomou 1od. engaged in #e ea#0" +e#taining to /a1ou# and t#aining o$ /a1ou# admini t#ato# 5 t#ade union 5 +u1/i0 e0to# manage# and ot"e# go:e#nment $un0tiona#ie 0on0e#ned 3it" /a1ou#' Semina# 5 3o#k "o+ and /e0tu#e a#e o#gani*ed on +e0i$i0 i ue $#om time to time' T"e In titute unde#take #e ea#0" +#o?e0t in t"e a#ea o$K -/a1ou# ma#ket9 -em+/o.ment and #egu/ation 9 -ag#a#ian #e/ation and #u#a/ /a1ou#9 -do0umenting and a#0"i:ing /a1ou# "i to#.9 -0"i/d /a1ou#9 -"ea/t" i ue in:o/:ing /a1ou#9 -i ue o$ /a1ou# and em+/o.ment in t"e No#t" Ea te#n 4egion9 -gende# a +e0t o$ /a1ou# ma#ket9 - 0/imate 0"ange and it im+a0t on /a1ou#' The Factories ActA 149E i t"e +#in0i+a/ /egi /ation $o# #egu/ating :a#iou a +e0t #e/ating to a$et.5 "ea/t" and 3e/$a#e o$ 3o#ke# em+/o.ed in $a0to#ie ' T"i 70t i a 2ent#a/ ena0tment5 3"i0" aim at +#ote0ting 3o#ke# em+/o.ed in $a0to#ie $#om indu t#ia/ and o00u+ationa/ "a*a#d ' T"e Ia0to#ie 70t +#e 0#i1e a 48-"ou# 3eek $o# adu/t 3o#ke# and $o#1id em+/o.ment o$ 0"i/d#en unde# 14 .ea# o$ age in an. $a0to#.' &inimum tanda#d o$ /ig"ting5 :enti/ation5 a a$et. and 3e/$a#e e#:i0e i to 1e +#o:ided to t"e em+/o.e# ' Ia0to#ie em+/o.ing o:e# 3) 3omen 3o#ke# a#e #eMui#ed to +#o:ide a
0#]0"e $o# t"ei# 0"i/d#en "e/te# 5 #e t-#oom and /un0"#oom a#e #eMui#ed to 1e +#o:ided 1. $a0to#ie em+/o.ing o:e# 25) 3o#ke# ' Ia0to#ie 3it" 25) 3o#ke# o# mo#e "a:e to a++oint 3e/$a#e o$$i0e# ' NATIONAL "AFET= CO:NCIL 3a et u+ in 1966 to +#omote a$et. 0on 0iou ne among 3o#ke# to +#e:ent a00ident 5 minimi*e dange# and mitigate "uman u$$e#ing5 a##ange +#og#amme 5 /e0tu#e and 0on$e#en0e on a$et.5 0ondu0t edu0ationa/ 0am+aign to a#ou e 0on 0iou ne among em+/o.e# and 3o#ke# and 0o//e0t edu0ationa/ and in$o#mati:e data5 et0' Nationa/ Sa$et. ;a. i 0e/e1#ated on &a#0" 4 e:e#. .ea# to ma#k t"e $oundation da. o$ t"e Nationa/ Sa$et. 2oun0i/' A>A*D" -#ime &ini te#E S"#am 73a#d a#e gi:en to 3o#kmen 3o#king in t"e de+a#tmenta/ unde#taking and t"e +u1/i0 e0to# unde#taking o$ t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment and State %o:e#nment in #e0ognition o$ t"ei# out tanding 0ont#i1ution in t"e $ie/d o$ +#odu0ti:it. and $o# "o3ing eAem+/a#. *ea/ and ent"u ia m in t"e di 0"a#ge o$ t"ei# dutie ' T"e e a3a#d a#e a/ o gi:en to t"e 3o#kmen 3o#king in t"e manu$a0tu#ing unit in t"e +#i:ate e0to# em+/o.ing 5)) o# mo#e 3o#ke# ' T"e a3a#d 5 in o#de# o$ +#e0eden0e5 a#eK S"#am 4atna 2a " -#i*e 4 2 /ak" S"#am 8"u "an5 - 2a " -#i*e 4 1 /ak" S"#am Ci# Q S"#am Cee#angana - 2a " -#i*e 4 6)))) S"#am S"#ee Q S"#am ;e:i - 2a " -#i*e 4 4))))' T"e a3a#d 0a##. +#e entation o$ a Sanad and 0a " +#i*e' T"e tota/ num1e# o$ a3a#d i 33' National "a.ety A7ards 1965 3a in tituted 1. %FI to gi:e #e0ognition to good a$et. +e#$o#man0e on t"e +a#t o$ t"e indu t#ia/ unde#taking and to timu/ate and maintain t"e inte#e t o$ 1ot" management and 3o#ke# in a00ident +#e:ention +#og#amme ' T"i i a++/i0a1/e to $a0to#ie 5 do0k and Nu0/ea# -o3e# -#o?e0t and Nu0/ea# -o3e# Station ' T"e Nationa/ Sa$et. 73a#d $o# mine 3e#e in tituted in 1983' ;ish7a@ar#a *ashitriya Puras@ar S"#am Ci# 73a#d 5 no3 kno3n a Ci "3aka#ma 4a "t#i.a -u#a ka# 3e#e in tituted in 1965' T"e e a#e meant $o# 3o#ke# o$ $a0to#ie 5 mine 5 +/antation and do0k 5 and a#e gi:en to t"em in #e0ognition o$ t"ei# me#ito#iou +e#$o#man0e5 3"i0" /ead to "ig" +#odu0ti:it. o# e0onom. o# "ig"e# e$$i0ien0.' T"e#e a#e a tota/ o$ 28 a3a#d in t"#ee 0/a e 5 2/a -7 5 a3a#d 5 2/a -8 8 a3a#d and 2/a -2 15 a3a#d and 0a##ie 0a " +#i*e o$ 4 755))) 4 5)5))) and 4 255))) ea0"' *A"+T*I=A ">A"T+=A BI)A =OMANA T"e %o:e#nment "a /aun0"ed t"e Nationa/ =ea/t" In u#an0e S0"eme name/.5 t"e '4a "t#i.a S3a t".a 8ima Go?ana' $o# 8-L $ami/ie (a unit o$ $i:e, in uno#gani*ed e0to# on 1 F0to1e#5 2))7' T"e 0"eme "a 1e0ome o+e#ationa/ 3'e'$' )1')4'2))8' T"e enti#e 8-L $ami/ie a#e +#o+o ed to 1e 0o:e#ed in 1. 2)12-13' T"e 0"eme +#o:ide $o# ma#t 0a#d 1a ed 0a "/e in u#an0e 0o:e# o$ 4 3)5)))Q- +e# annum +e# $ami/. to t"e 1ene$i0ia#.' T"e +#emium 3i// 1e 1o#ne 1. 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment and State %o:e#nment in t"e #atio 75K25' In 0a e o$ No#t" Ea te#n State and Bammu and @a "mi#5 t"e +#emium 3i// 1e in t"e #atio o$ 9)K1)' T"e 0o t o$ ma#t 0a#d 3i// 1e 1o#ne 1. t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment' T"e 1ene$i0ia#. 3ou/d +a. 4 3)Q- +e# annum a #egi t#ationQ#ene3a/ $ee' T"e 1ene$it unde# t"e 0"eme in0/udeK -=ea/t" In u#an0e 0o:e# 3ou/d 1e 4 3)5)))Q- +e# $ami/. +e# annum on a $ami/. $/oate# 1a i ' -2a "/e attendan0e to a// 0o:e#ed ai/ment -=o +ita/i*ation eA+en e 5 taking 0a#e o$ mo t 0ommon i//ne e in0/uding mate#nit. 1ene$it ' -7// +#e-eAi ting di ea e to 1e 0o:e#ed' T#an +o#tation 0o t (a0tua/ 3it" maAimum /imit o$ 4 1))Q- +e# :i it, 3it"in an o:e#a// /imit o$ 4 1)))Q3it"in t"e /imit o$ 4 3)5)))Q-' Chapter !! & )ass Co##unication Prasar Bharati i t"e +u1/i0 e#:i0e 1#oad0a te# in t"e 0ount#.5 3it" 7// India 4adio and ;oo#da# "an a it t3o 0on tituent ' It 0ame into eAi ten0e on 23 No:em1e# 19975 3it" a mandate to o#gani e and
0ondu0t +u1/i0 1#oad0a ting e#:i0e to in$o#m5 edu0ate and ente#tain +eo+/e and to en u#e 1a/an0ed de:e/o+ment o$ 1#oad0a ting on #adio and te/e:i ion' T"e ma?o# o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e -#a a# 8"a#ati 2o#+o#ation5 a /aid out in t"e -#a a# 8"a#ati 70t5 199)5 a#eK -6+"o/ding t"e unit. and integ#it. o$ t"e 0ount#. and t"e :a/ue en "#ined in t"e 2on titution9 --#omoting nationa/ integ#ation5 Sa$egua#ding 0iti*enE #ig"t and to 1e in$o#med on a// matte# o$ +u1/i0 inte#e t and +#e enting a $ai# and 1a/an0ed $/o3 o$ in$o#mation9 --a.ing +e0ia/ attention to t"e $ie/d o$ edu0ation and +#ead o$ /ite#a0.5 ag#i0u/tu#e5 #u#a/ de:e/o+ment5 "ea/t" and $ami/. 3e/$a#e and 0ien0e and te0"no/og.9 -2#eating a3a#ene a1out 3omenE i ue and taking +e0ia/ te+ to +#ote0t t"e inte#e t o$ 0"i/d#en5 t"e aged and ot"e# :u/ne#a1/e e0tion o$ o0iet.9 --#o:iding adeMuate 0o:e#age to t"e di:e# e 0u/tu#e 5 +o#t and game and .out" a$$ai# 9 --#omoting o0ia/ ?u ti0e5 a$egua#ding t"e #ig"t o$ 3o#king 0/a e 5 mino#itie and t#i1a/ 0ommunitie 9 -EA+anding 1#oad0a ting $a0i/itie and +#omoting #e ea#0" and de:e/o+ment in 1#oad0a t te0"no/og.' ALL INDIA *ADIO 8#oad0a ting ta#ted in India in 1927 3it" t3o +#i:ate/. o3ned t#an mitte# at &um1ai and @o/kata5 3"i0" 3e#e taken o:e# 1. t"e %o:e#nment in 193)' T"e e 3e#e o+e#ating unde# t"e name RIndia 8#oad0a ting Se#:i0eR unti/ 1936 3"en it 3a gi:en t"e +#e ent name R7// India 4adio (7I4,R' It a/ o 0ame to 1e kno3n a R7ka "3aniR $#om 1957' 7// India 4adio "a /aid t"#u t on +#o:iding good digita/ Mua/it. igna/ 1. ado+ting ne3 te0"no/ogie ' &ain t"#u t a#ea a#e -To +#o:ide digita/ Mua/it. igna/' -To +#o:ide /i tene# mu/ti+/e 0"oi0e o$ +#og#amme ' -EA+an ion o$ C=IQI& 0o:e#age in t"e 1o#de# a#ea ' -To t#engt"en #adio 0o:e#age in t"e 1o#de# a#ea ' -To t#engt"en eAi ting EAte#na/ 4adio Se#:i0e ' -Int#odu0tion o$ mu/ti-media e#:i0e and Ca/ue 7dded Se#:i0e ' F) *ADIO T"e Indian 4adio indu t#. i dominated 1. t"e State-o3ned 7I4 3"i0" 0o:e# 91 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0ount#.' a#ea and #ea0"e 99 +e# 0ent o$ t"e +o+u/ation' DOO*DA*"+AN 5 a +u1/i0 e#:i0e 1#oad0a te#5 i one o$ t"e /a#ge t te/e:i ion net3o#k in t"e 3o#/d' It ta#ted a e#:i0e on 15 Se+tem1e# 1959 at ;e/"i' T"e e0ond te/e:i ion 0ent#e 3a ta#ted in 8om1a. in 1972 and /ate# ;oo#da# "an' te/e:i ion e#:i0e 3a eA+anded to ot"e# +/a0e ' T"e #a+id eA+an ion o$ ;; ta#ted in 1984' In te##e t#ia/ mode5 ;oo#da# "an 0o:e#age i a:ai/a1/e to a1out 92'2 +e# 0ent +o+u/ation o$ t"e 0ount#.' P*E"" INFO*)ATION B:*EA: (-I8, i t"e noda/ agen0. o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India to di eminate in$o#mation to t"e +#int and e/e0t#oni0 media on go:e#nment +o/i0ie 5 +#og#amme initiati:e and a0"ie:ement ' It $un0tion a an inte#$a0e 1et3een t"e %o:e#nment and media and a/ o e#:e to +#o:ide $eed1a0k to t"e %o:e#nment on +eo+/e' #ea0tion a #e$/e0ted in t"e media' NE>" A0ENCIE" 16 P*E"" T*:"T OF INDIA 2PTI5 is IndiaE /a#ge t ne3 agen0.' It i a non-+#o$it "a#ing 0oo+e#ati:e o3ned 1. t"e 0ount#.E ne3 +a+e# 3it" a mandate to +#o:ide e$$i0ient and un1ia ed ne3 to a// u1 0#i1e# ' Iounded on 27 7ugu t 19475 -TI 1egan $un0tioning $#om 1 Ie1#ua#. 1949' T"e -TI o$$e# it ne3 e#:i0e in Eng/i " and =indi /anguage ' Bhasha i t"e =indi /anguage ne3 e#:i0e o$ t"e agen0.' T"e -TI no3 "a it o3n ate//ite de/i:e#. . tem t"#oug" a t#an +onde# on an INS7T ate//ite $o# #ea0"ing it e#:i0e di#e0t/. to u1 0#i1e# an.3"e#e in t"e 0ount#.' -TI "a a/ o no3 1egun ate//ite t#an mi ion 1. @u 1and 3"i0" o$$e# u1 0#i1e# t"e o+tion o$ #e0ei:ing ne3 t"#oug" a 0"ea+e# and ma// i*e ate//ite #e0ei:e#' -TI ne3 i a/ o a:ai/a1/e t"#oug" Do#/d S+a0e #adio 1#oad0a t #e0e+tion' T"e -"oto e#:i0e i de/i:e#ed 1. ate//ite a 3e// a a00e ed t"#oug" dia/-u+' 2u##ent/.5 -TI 0ommand 9) +e# 0ent o$ ne3 agen0. ma#ket "a#e in India' !6 P*E"" CO:NCIL OF INDIA i a tatuto#. Mua i-?udi0ia/ aut"o#it. mandated 1. t"e -a#/iament to +#e e#:e t"e $#eedom o$ t"e +#e and maintain and im+#o:e t"e tanda#d o$ ne3 +a+e# and t"e ne3 agen0ie in India' It i an autonomou 1od. 3it" eMua/ Mua i-?udi0ia/ aut"o#it. o:e# t"e aut"o#itie and t"e +#e +e# on '
It 0om+#i e a 2"ai#man and 28 mem1e# ' D"i/e t"e 2"ai#man "a 1. 0on:ention 1een a itting o# #eti#ed ?udge o$ t"e Su+#eme 2ou#t o$ India' T"e 2oun0i/ i +#e ent/. 0"ai#ed 1. =onE1/e &#' Bu ti0e @at?u 3"o u00eeded &# Bu ti0e %N 4a.' P:BLICATION" DI;I"ION i a #e+o ito#. o$ 1ook and ?ou#na/ "ig"/ig"ting u1?e0t o$ nationa/ im+o#tan0e and India' #i0" 0u/tu#a/ "e#itage' Mournals - t"e ;i:i ion +u1/i "e 21 +e#iodi0a/ in Eng/i "5 =indi and #egiona/ /anguage ' Co?ana in 13 /anguage 5 *urukshetra in Eng/i " and =indi5 +?ka% in =indi and 6#du5 Ba% Bharati in =indi and mp%oyment $e9s (3eek/., in Eng/i "5 =indi and 6#du' Bal Bharati i t"e +o+u/a# 0"i/d#en' mont"/. in =indi i 1eing +u1/i "ed #egu/a#/. in0e 1948' AaG@al 1499 i t"e +#e tigiou /ite#a#. maga*ine in =indi and 6#du 3"i0" 0o:e# di$$e#ent a +e0t o$ Indian 0u/tu#e and /ite#atu#e' T"e maga*ine "a ente#ed it 65t" .ea# o$ +u1/i0ation in &a.5 2))9' %6 :nited Ne7s o. India 2:NI5 3a in0o#+o#ated unde# t"e 2om+anie 70t5 1956 on 19 ;e0em1e# 1959 and ta#ted $un0tioning e$$e0ti:e 21 &a#0" 1961' 6NI di t#i1ute 3o#/d ne3 $#om 4eute# 5 t"e 3o#/dE /a#ge t in$o#mation 0om+an.' It "a ne3 eA0"ange a##angement 3it" Tin"ua o$ 2"ina5 6' 4I7 No:o ti o$ 4u ia5 6N8 o$ 8ang/ade "5 7' 7nado/u o$ Tu#ke.5 D7& o$ t"e 6nited 7#a1 Emi#ate 5 8' %N7 o$ 8a"#ain5 @6N7 o$ @u3ait5 9' FN7 o$ Fman LN7 o$ Lata# 1)' 2N7 o$ Tai3an' 6NIE inno:ati:e +i#it 3a e:ident 3"en it 1e0ame t"e $i# t ne3 agen0. in India to /aun0" a $u//-$/edged =indi 3i#e e#:i0e N:NI;A*TA in 1982 and a -"oto Se#:i0e and a %#a+"i0 Se#:i0e in t"e ame de0ade' In Bune 19925 it /aun0"ed t"e $i# t e:e# 3i#e e#:i0e in 64;6' "tates and :Ts 7ith pu$lishin ne7spapers in order F#i a 219 ;e/"i-149 Tami/ Nadu-139 &a"a#a "t#a-11 C+ILD*EN" FIL) "OCIET=A INDIA (2ISI, 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1955 to +#o:ide :a/ue-1a ed ente#tainment to 0"i/d#en t"#oug" t"e medium o$ $i/m ' 2ISI i engaged in +#odu0tion5 a0Mui ition5 di t#i1utionQeA"i1ition and +#omotion o$ 0"i/d#enE $i/m ' T"e =ead F$$i0e o$ t"e 2ISI i /o0ated in &um1ai 3it" 1#an0" o$$i0e at Ne3 ;e/"i and 2"ennai' 2ISI $i/m '=746N-746N' and '&7=E@5 &I4>7' "a:e 1een in0/uded in t"e 0u##i0u/um o$ $i/m tea0"ing 0"oo/ o$ 2"i0ago5 6S7' FIL) AND TELE;I"ION IN"TIT:TE OF INDIAA P:NE 14,9 T"e Fil# Institute o. India 3a et u+ 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in 14(3 unde# t"e &ini t#. o$ In$o#mation and 8#oad0a ting' Io//o3ing t"e addition o$ Te/e:i ion 3ing in 19745 t"e In titute 3a #ede ignated a Ii/m and Te/e:i ion In titute o$ India' "atyaGit *ay Fil# and Tele/ision Institute 2"*FTI55 @o/kata i t"e e0ond nationa/ /e:e/ $i/m t#aining in titute to 1e e ta1/i "ed 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ India' Chapter !% & Plannin -L7NNIN% in India de#i:e it o1?e0ti:e and o0ia/ +#emi e $#om t"e ;i#e0ti:e -#in0i+/e o$ State -o/i0.' T"e -/anning 2ommi ion 3a et u+ 1. a 4e o/ution o$ t"e %o:e#nment o$ India in &a#0" 195)' T"e -/anning 2ommi ion 3a 0"a#ged 3it" t"e #e +on i1i/it. o$ making a e ment o$ a// #e ou#0e o$ t"e 0ount#. augmenting de$i0ient #e ou#0e 5 $o#mu/ating +/an $o# t"e mo t e$$e0ti:e and 1a/an0ed uti/i*ation o$ #e ou#0e and dete#mining +#io#itie ' Ba3a"a#/a/ Ne"#u 3a t"e $i# t 0"ai#man o$ t"e -/anning 2ommi ion' 7t -#e ent -#ime &ini te# o$ India5 ;#' &anmo"an Sing" i t"e 2"ai#man o$ t"e -/anning 2ommi ion and S"#i &ontek Sing" 7"/u3a/ia i it ;e+ut. 2"ai#man' The First Plan 214'1-'(5 +#io#it. to ag#i0u/tu#e in0/uding i##igation and +o3e# +#o?e0t '
The "econd Fi/e-=ear Plan 214'(-', to 14(3-(15 indu t#ia/i*ation5 em+/o.ment5 in0#ea e in nationa/ in0ome5 #edu0tion o$ ineMua/itie in in0ome and 3ea/t"' The Third Plan 214(1-(! to 14('-((5 e/$ u taining g#o3t"' T"#ee 7nnua/ -/an 1966-675 1967-68 and 1968-69 The Fourth Plan 214(4-,95 #edu0e $/u0tuation in ag#i0u/tu#a/ +#odu0tion5 #ai e tanda#d o$ /i:ing 5 im+#o:e 0ondition o$ /e +#i:i/eged and 3eake# e0tion 5 #edu0e 0on0ent#ation o$ 3ea/t" 5 in0ome and e0onomi0 +o3e#' The Fi.th Plan 214,9-,45 a0"ie:e e/$ #e/ian0e' "i-th Plan 214E3-E'5 - t#engt"ening t"e in$#a t#u0tu#e $o# 1ot" ag#i0u/tu#e and indu t#.' "e/enth Plan 214E'-435 - #a+id g#o3t" in $oodg#ain +#odu0tion5 in0#ea ed em+/o.ment o++o#tunitie and +#odu0ti:it. T3o 7nnua/ -/an - 199)-91 and 1991-92 Ei hth Fi/e-=ear Plan 2144!-4,5 - $a te# e0onomi0 g#o3t"5 $a te# g#o3t" o$ t"e manu$a0tu#ing e0to# and ag#i0u/tu#e and a//ied e0to# 5 igni$i0ant g#o3t" #ate in eA+o#t and im+o#t 5 im+#o:ement in t#ade and 0u##ent a00ount de$i0it and a igni$i0ant #edu0tion in t"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nmentE $i 0a/ de$i0it' The Ninth Plan 2144,-!33!5 - aimed at a0"ie:ing a ta#geted %;- g#o3t" #ate o$ e:en +e# 0ent +e# annum' Tenth Fi/e-=ear Plan 2!33!-3,5- #a+id g#o3t" in t"e /a1ou# $o#0e5 i ue o$ +o:e#t.5 tate3i e g#o3t" and ot"e# monito#a1/e ta#get ' Ele/enth Fi/e =ear Plan 2!33,-1!5 - in0/u i:e de:e/o+ment5 1ui/ding on t"e g#o3ing t#engt" o$ t"e e0onom.5 add#e ing 3eakne e %4FDT= -E4IF4&7N2E IN T=E IICE-GE74 -L7NS Ta#ge S'No -/an Gea# t 1 Ii# t (1951-56, 2'1 2 Se0ond (1956-61, 4'5 3 T"i#d (1961-66, 5'6 4 Iou#t" (1969-74, 5'7 5 Ii$t" (1974-79, 4'4 6 SiAt" (198)-85, 5'2 7 Se:ent" (1985-9), 5 8 Eig"t" (1992-97, 5'6 9 Nint" (1997-2))2, 6'5 1) Tent" (2))2-2))7, 8 11 E/e:ent" (2))7-2)12, 9 12 T3e/:e (2)12-2)17, 9-9'5
70tua/ 3'6 4'21 2'72 2')5 4'83 5'54 6')2 6'68 5'5 7'7 7'9
Chapter !9 & *ural H :r$an De/elop#ent &a?o# #u#a/ de:e/o+ment 0"eme
1' )A+AT)A 0AND+I NATIONAL *:*AL E)PLO=)ENT 0:A*ANTEE ACT & to +#o:ide at /ea t 1)) da. o$ gua#anteed 3age em+/o.ment in a $inan0ia/ .ea# to e:e#. #u#a/ "ou e"o/d 3"o e adu/t mem1e# :o/untee# to do un ki//ed manua/ 3o#k' !6 Pradhan )antri 0ra# "ada@ =oGna 2P)0"=5A !333 to +#o:ide 0onne0ti:it. to a// t"e e/igi1/e un0onne0ted "a1itation o$ mo#e t"an 5)) +e# on in t"e #u#a/ a#ea (25) +e# on in t"e "i//. t"e t#i1a/ and de e#t a#ea , 1. good Mua/it. a//-3eat"e# #oad ' 3' INDI*A A>AA" =OMANA 2IA=5 - to +#o:ide $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to t"e #u#a/ +oo# /i:ing 1e/o3 +o:e#t. /ine $o# 0on t#u0tion o$ +u00a "ou e' 96 "7aranGayanti 0ra# "7aroG ar =oGana 2S%SG, 1999 i an integ#ated 0"eme $o# +#o:iding o++o#tunitie o$ e/$ em+/o.ment to t"e #u#a/ +oo#' '6 NATIONAL "OCIAL A""I"TANCE P*O0*A))E 2N"AP5 144' 7#ti0/e 41 o$ t"e 2on titution o$ India di#e0t t"e State to +#o:ide +u1/i0 a i tan0e to it 0iti*en in 0a e o$ unem+/o.ment5 o/d age5 i0kne and di a1/ement and in ot"e# 0a e o$ unde e#:ed 3ant 3it"in t"e /imit o$ it e0onomi0 0a+a0it. and de:e/o+ment' In a00o#dan0e 3it" t"e ;-S-5 %FI int#odu0ed NS7- 3"i0" aim at en u#ing minimum nationa/ tanda#d $o# o0ia/ a i tan0e in addition to t"e 1ene$it t"at tate a#e 0u##ent/. +#o:iding o# mig"t +#o:ide in $utu#e' 7t +#e ent NS7- 0om+#i e Indi#a %and"i Nationa/ F/d 7ge -en ion S0"eme (I%NF7-S,5 Nationa/ Iami/. 8ene$it S0"eme (NI8S,5 7nna+u#na5 Indi#a %and"i Nationa/ Dido3 -en ion (I%ND-, S0"eme and Indi#a %and"i Nationa/ ;i a1i/it. -en ion (I%N;-, S0"eme' I%NF-S 4 2)) +e# mont" 0ent#a/ a i tan0e to a// +e# on 3"o a#e 65 .ea# o# "ig"e# and 1e/onging to a $ami/. /i:ing 1e/o3 t"e +o:e#t. /ine' T"e amount o$ o/d age +en ion 3a in0#ea ed $#om 4 75 to 4 2)) +e# mont" 3it" e$$e0t $#om 1 t 7+#i/ 2))6 and t"e State 3e#e u#ged to 0ont#i1ute at /ea t anot"e# 4 2)) o t"at an o/d age +en ion 1ene$i0ia#. 0ou/d get at /ea t 4 4)) +e# mont"' 7t +#e ent 18 State Q6T a#e +#o:iding +en ion 4 4)) o# mo#e' 11 tate Q6T a#e +#o:iding +en ion mo#e t"an 4 2)) and /e t"an 4 4))' T"e #emaining 6 State Q6T a#e +#o:iding 4 2)) +e# mont"' 7nna+u#ana S0"eme - to +#o:ide 1) @g o$ $ood g#ain +e# mont" $#ee o$ 0o t to e/igi1/e 1ene$i0ia#ie 3"o 0ou/d not 1e 0o:e#ed unde# NF7-S5 6nde# NI8S5 4 1)))) i +#o:ided to a 8-L $ami/. in 0a e o$ natu#a/ o# a00identa/ deat" o$ a +#ima#. 1#ead 3inne# in t"e $ami/. in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 18 to 64 .ea# N7TIFN7L I7&ILG 8ENEIIT S2=E&E (NI8S, 4 1)))) i g#anted in 0a e o$ deat" due to natu#a/ 0au e a 3e// a a00identa/ 0au e o$ t"e R+#ima#. 1#ead3inne#R 3a +#o:ided to t"e 1e#ea:ed "ou e"o/d unde# t"i S0"eme' T"e +#ima#. 1#ead3inne# unde# age g#ou+ o$ 18 to 645 3"et"e# ma/e o# $ema/e5 "ad to 1e a mem1e# o$ t"e "ou e"o/d 3"o e ea#ning 0ont#i1uted u1 tantia//. to t"e tota/ "ou e"o/d in0ome' Indi#a %and"i Nationa/ Dido3 -en ion S0"eme (I%ND-S, 4 2)) +e# mont" to 8-L5 3ido3 in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 4)-64 .ea# ' Indi#a %and"i Nationa/ ;i a1i/it. -en ion S0"eme (I%N;-S, 4 2)) +e# mont" to 8-L +e# on 3it" e:e#e o# mu/ti+/e di a1i/itie 1et3een t"e age g#ou+ o$ 18-64 .ea# ' 6' Pro/ision o. :r$an A#enities in *ural Areas 2P:*A5 sche#e to +#o:ide /i:e/i"ood o++o#tunitie and u#1an amenitie in #u#a/ a#ea $o# 1#idging #u#a/-u#1an di:ide and im+#o:ing t"e Mua/it. o$ /i$e' T"e 0"eme 3i// 1e i#ple#ented under the .ra#e7or@ o. Pu$lic Pri/ate Partnership 2PPP5 $et7een 0ra# Panchayats and Pri/ate "ector Partner6 The Council .or Ad/ance#ent o. Peoples Action and *ural Technolo y 2CAPA*T5 i an autonomou o#gani*ation unde# t"e &ini t#. o$ 4u#a/ ;e:e/o+ment' It 3a et u+ in Se+tem1e# 1986' It +#ima#. o1?e0ti:e i to +#omote :o/unta#. a0tion t"#oug" 0ommunit. +a#ti0i+ation and to +#o+agate a++#o+#iate #u#a/ te0"no/ogie $o# t"e 1ene$it o$ #u#a/ ma e ' Mal#ani Pro ra##eto +#o:ide a$e and 0/ean d#inking 3ate# to t"e 0"i/d#en tud.ing in 3ate# de$i0ient #u#a/ 0"oo/ ' 1)) +e# 0ent $inan0ia/ a i tan0e i +#o:ided to tate to in ta// tanda/one 3ate# +u#i$i0ation . tem in #u#a/ 0"oo/ ' >ater treat#ent technolo ies i, -". i0a/ e+a#ation in0/uding $i/t#ation5 u/t#a-$i/t#ation and mem1#ane $i/t#ation5 ad o#+tion5 a1 o#+tion ii, Ion eA0"ange iii, 4e:e# e F mo i i:, 6/t#a-Cio/et 4adiation
:, =.1#id o$ &u/ti+/e &et"od :i, &i 0e//aneou NI*)AL 0*A) P:*A"?A*& to en0ou#age t"e -an0"a.ati 4a? In titution to take u+ anitation +#omotion' 16 Ma7aharlal Nehru National :r$an *ene7al )ission 2MNN:*)5 !33' - $a t t#a0k de:e/o+ment o$ 0itie a0#o t"e 0ount#.5 3it" $o0u on 1#inging a1out e$$i0ien0. in u#1an in$#a t#u0tu#e5 e#:i0e de/i:e#. me0"ani m 5 0ommunit. +a#ti0i+ation and a00ounta1i/it. o$ 6#1an Lo0a/ 8odie and -a#a tata/ agen0ie to3a#d 0iti*en ' 2' :r$an In.rastructure and 0o/ernance 2:I05 & t"#u t a#ea i on ma?o# in$#a t#u0tu#e +#o?e0t #e/ating to 3ate# u++/. in0/uding anitation5 e3e#age5 o/id 3a te management5 #oad net3o#k5 u#1an t#an +o#t and #ede:e/o+ment o$ inne# (o/d, 0it. a#ea 3it" a :ie3 to u+g#ading in$#a t#u0tu#e t"e#ein5 "i$ting indu t#ia/Q0omme#0ia/ e ta1/i "ment to 0on$o#ming a#ea 5 et0' T"e inadmi i1/e 0om+onent a#e +#o?e0t +e#taining to t"e $o//o3ingK(i, -o3e#' (ii, Te/e0om (iii, =ea/t" (i:, Edu0ation (:, Dage em+/o.ment +#og#amme and ta$$ 0om+onent Chapter !' & "cienti.ic and Technolo ical De/elop#ents Nota1/e S0ien0e H Te0" In titution - 2oun0i/ o$ S0ienti$i0 and Indu t#ia/ 4e ea#0" (2SI4,9 - Indian 2oun0i/ o$ 7g#i0u/tu#a/ 4e ea#0" (I274,9 and - Indian 2oun0i/ o$ &edi0a/ 4e ea#0" (I2&4,' T"e#e a#e man. de+a#tmenta/ /a1o#ato#ie o$ :a#iou de+a#tment Q mini t#ie ;e+a#tment o$ 7tomi0 Ene#g.5 &ini t#. o$ In$o#mation Te0"no/og.5 ;e+a#tment o$ S+a0e5 &ini t#. o$ Ea#t" S0ien0e 5 ;e$en0e 4e ea#0" and ;e:e/o+ment F#gani ation5 &ini t#. o$ En:i#onment and Io#e t 5 &ini t#. o$ Ne3 and 4ene3a1/e Ene#g. and T"e &ini t#. o$ S0ien0e and Te0"no/og.' /ishore )aig!ani( Protsahan 1o0ana 0"eme "a 1een initiated in o#de# to moti:ate 1#ig"t .oung mind at t"ei# e0onda#. 0"oo/Q0o//ege /e:e/ 5 and to en0ou#age t"em to ti0k on to a 0a#ee# in 0ien0e' 2omen Scientists Scheme 3a /aun0"ed du#ing t"e .ea# 2))2 1. t"e ;e+a#tment o$ S0ien0e and Te0"no/og.' T"e 0"eme +#o:ide u++o#t to 3omen 0ienti t 5 3it" o# 3it"out a 1#eak in 0a#ee#5 to +u# ue 0ien0e in a// it a +e0t and en0ou#age t"em to 0ontinue in t"e 0ienti$i0 +#o$e ion and a/ o 0ont#i1ute to3a#d a++/i0ation o$ 0ien0e and te0"no/og. to o0ieta/ de:e/o+ment' Inno/ation in "cience Pursuit .or Inspired *esearch 2IN"PI*E5 +#og#amme "a 1een /aun0"ed to att#a0t ta/ent to t"e tud. o$ 0ien0e at an ea#/. tage and "e/+ to 1ui/d t"e #eMui#ed 0#iti0a/ "uman #e ou#0e +oo/ $o# t#engt"ening and eA+anding t"e S0ien0e H Te0"no/og. . tem and 4H; 1a e' 6nde# IN"PI*E 0"o/a# "i+ a#e gi:en $o# .out" +u# uing tudie in 1a i0 0ien0e in mat"emati0 5 +". i0 5 0"emi t#. and /i$e 0ien0e ' Dinte# and umme# 0am+ "a:e 1een o#gani ed $o# .out" in t"e 0/a TI' Se:enteen No1e/ -#i*e 3inne# "a:e +a#ti0i+ated in t"e e 0am+ ' "cience E-pressA $/ag "i+ +#og#amme o$ Nationa/ 2oun0i/ $o# S0ien0e and Te0"no/og. 2ommuni0ation NC"TC5 i a uniMue eA"i1ition mounted on a 16 0oa0" 72 t#ain' The Technolo y De/elop#ent Board 2TDB5 3a 0on tituted in Se+tem1e# 1996 3"i0" +#o:ide $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to indu t#ia/ 0on0e#n and ot"e# agen0ie $o# attem+ting de:e/o+ment and 0omme#0ia/ a++/i0ation o$ indigenou te0"no/og. o# ada+ting im+o#ted te0"no/og. $o# 3ide# dome ti0
a++/i0ation' T"e a#ea t"at got $inan0ia/ a i tan0e $#om t"e 8oa#d 3e#e "ea/t" and medi0ine5 enginee#ing and e/e0t#oni0 5 0"emi0a/ and /u1#i0ant 5 ag#i0u/tu#e and 1iote0"no/og.5 in$o#mation te0"no/og.5 #oadQai# t#an +o#t5 ene#g. and 3a te uti/i ation5 and te/e0ommuni0ation' Some o$ t"e +#odu0t u00e $u//. +#odu0ed and ma#keted in0/ude $i# t geneti0a//. enginee#ed "e+atiti 8 :a00ine9 1io $e#ti/i e# $#om mai*e 3a te5 g/uten 3it" t"e 1#and name SuryaminD ;L2 7mino 8utano/5 an im+o#tant u1 titute d#ug inte#mediate in t"e manu$a0tu#e o$ anti tu1e#0u/o i d#ug9 2e$iAime - an o#a//. a0ti:e $ou#t" gene#ation 2e+"a/o +o#in anti1ioti09 #e0om1inant "e+atiti 8 :a00ine9 27L #eagent $o# dete0tion o$ 1a0te#ia/ endotoAin9 0a#ding ma0"ine $o# teAti/e mi// 9 Ni0otinamide9 6nde0enoi0 70id $#om 0a to# oi/9 Iue/ +e//et $#om muni0i+a/ ga#1age' T;8 in tituted a NNationa/ 73a#d $o# u00e $u/ 0omme#0ia/i ation o$ indigenou te0"no/og.E 1. an indu t#ia/ 0on0e#n to 1e gi:en a3a. on t"e Te0"no/og. ;a.' 11t" &a. e:e#. .ea# i 0e/e1#ated a Te0"no/og. ;a. $#om 1999' T"e Nationa/ 73a#d 0on i t o$ t3o 0om+onent K to t"e indu t#ia/ 0on0e#n 3"i0" u00e $u//. 0omme#0ia/i ed t"e indigenou te0"no/og. and to t"e de:e/o+e#Q+#o:ide# o$ u0" te0"no/og.' Ea0" 0om+onent 0a##ie a 0a " a3a#d o$ 4 2 /ak"' )ig!an Prasar 3a e ta1/i "ed in 1989 to take u+ /a#ge 0a/e 0ien0e +o+u/a#i*ation +#og#amme ' International "cience and Technolo y co-operation i #ea/i*ed at t"#ee /e:e/ $ilateral co-operation 3it" de:e/o+ed and de:e/o+ing 0ount#ie 5 re ional cooperation u0" a 3it" S74425 7SE7N and 8I&STE29 and #ultilateral co-operation t"#oug" STE-7N5 TD7S5 I8S75 6NES2F and N7& S0ien0e and Te0"no/og. 2ent#e Colla$orati/e national pro ra##es de ign and de:e/o+ment o$ IN;6S-I and IN;6S-II .n0"#ot#on #adiation ou#0e at Indo#e 3it" *ussian 0o//a1o#ation9 0"a#a0te#i*ation o$ Ladak" (=an/e, ite $o# in ta//ation o$ t"e 2-m te/e 0o+e and etting u+ o$ 14 %ELF0om+ute# at Indian In titute o$ 7 t#o+". i0 5 8anga/o#e $o# N-8od. imu/ation 3it" Mapanese eA+e#t 9 ;e:e/o+ment o$ gamma #a. te/e 0o+e at &ount 71u 3it" 4u ian 0o//a1o#ation9 a +/an $o# +#odu0tion o$ 1)) mi//ion do e o$ o#a/ +o/io :a00ine (F-C, at 8u/and "a"a# 3it" 4u ian 0o//a1o#ation9 and u+e#0ondu0ting 0.0/ot#on and 0#.ogeni0 at CE225 @o/kata ;e+a#tment o$ S0ien0e and Te0"no/og. +#o:ide g#ant -in-aid to t"e 19 autonomou 0ienti$i0 #e ea#0" in titution engaged in $#ontie# a#ea o$ #e ea#0" in 1a i0 and a++/ied 0ien0e ' It a/ o eAtend $inan0ia/ and admini t#ati:e u++o#t to (i, Indian 70adem. o$ S0ien0e 5 8anga/o#e9 (ii, Indian Nationa/ S0ien0e 70adem.5 Ne3 ;e/"i5 (iii, Indian Nationa/ 70adem. o$ Enginee#ing5 Ne3 ;e/"i9 (i:, Nationa/ 70adem. o$ S0ien0e 5 7//a"a1ad and (:, Indian S0ien0e 2ong#e 7 o0iation5 @o/kata' Achie/e#ents o. Council o. "cienti.ic and Industrial *esearch C"I*C Biolo ical "ciencesC
7 no:e/ indigenou /. d#ug $o#mu/ation again t tu1e#0u/o i 0a//ed N4i o#ineE "a 1een de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4 $o# t"e $i# t time in t"e Do#/d in +u1/i0 +#i:ate +a#tne# "i+ mode 3"i0" 0ou/d d#a ti0a//. 0ut "o#t t"e du#ation o$ T8 t#eatment' Lead $o# t"i no:e/ $o#mu/ation i o1tained $#om 7.u#:eda' 4e0om1inant t#e+tokina eJa 0/ot $luster .ro# $3coli de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4 "a 1een /aun0"ed $o# Indian ma#ket unde# t"e 1#and name NLupi.io and Q?lot$uster6 2SI4 "a de:e/o+ed a uniMue ing/e +/ant 1a ed natu#a/ memo#. en"an0e# $o#mu/ationJ8ESE8 (NN8a0o ide En#i0"ed Standa#di*ed EAt#a0t o$ 8a0o+aEE, $#om t"e "e#1 Bacopa monniera3 T"e +#o0e $o# making en#i0"ment o$ t"e a0ti:e 0on tituent (8a0o ide 7 H 8, in 8ESE8 "a 1een +atented 1. 2SI4' T"e +/ant i 0ommon/. kno3n a 8#a"mi 3"i0" "a 1een u ed in t"e Indian S. tem o$ 7.u#:edi0 &edi0ine a a t#aditiona/ "e#1 $o# o:e# 3))) .ea# to en"an0e memo#. and /ea#ning' T"e +#odu0t unde# t"e 1#and name - N&emo#. Su#eE "a 1een /aun0"ed in India' 7 ne3 1a0te#ia/ genu named NIndi1a0te#E "a 1een i o/ated $#om a 3ate# am+/e 3"i0" 0ou/d 1e u ed a +otentia/ ou#0e $o# en*.me #eMui#ed $o# ".d#o/. i o$ ta#0" unde# eAt#eme 0ondition o$ a/init. and +=' 7 te0"no/og. $o# Caeru%omy#in +, and it +#o+#ieta#. de#i:ati:e and ana/ogue $o# t"ei# no:e/ indi0ation o$ immuno- u++#e ionJa di 0o:e#. o$ immen e im+o#tan0e in ti ue t#an +/antation "a 1een de:e/o+ed and t#an $e##ed 1. 2SI4 to t"e indu t#.' 2SI4 "a de:e/o+ed and t#an $e##ed "e/$ $oot3ea# named a N;ia te+E $o# /o3 #i k dia1eti0 +atient ' T"e u++e# "a 1een +#o:ided 3it" ad?u ta1/e $a tene# to take +e0ia/ 0a#e o$ $/u0tuation in $oot :o/ume' Che#ical "ciencesC 2SI4 "a de:e/o+ed an im+#o:ed +#o0e $o# -#o+ane ;ea +"a/ting (-;7, te0"no/og. $o# producin hi h /iscosity lu$e $ase stoc@ .ro# /acuu# residues6 T"e 0u##ent de:e/o+ment 3ou/d make t"e +/ant "ig"/. ene#g. e$$i0ient' It "a de igned and de:e/o+ed mi0#o+#o0e o# 1a ed #ota#. Ci 0o it. t#an mitte# (CIS2FT47N, 3"i0" 0an 1e u ed to monito# :i 0o it. o$ t"e ma e0uite in #ea/ time and 0ont#o/ +a#amete# to o1tain 1ette# uga# Mua/it. and to #edu0e uga# /o e in mo/a e ' 7 o/id oAide $ue/ 0e// u ing ".d#ogen a t"e $ue/ to d#a3 +o3e# u$$i0ient to /ig"t e:e#a/ /o3 3att 1u/1 "a 1een de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4 $o# t"e $i# t time in India' 7n &F6 "a a/ o 1een igned 3it" @ingdom o$ Saudi 7#a1ia $o# t"e u++/. o$ o/id oAide $ue/ 0e//' 7 e0u#e /and$i// te0"no/og. "a 1een de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4 3"i0" "a 1een t#an $e##ed to e:e#a/ tanne#. 0/u te# in India' 7 +#o0e to uti/i*e 3a te g.+ um to manu$a0tu#e 1ui/ding mate#ia/ $#om =-g.+ um5 0on:e# ion o$ 3a te +/a ti0 to :a/ue added ".d#o0a#1on 5 and ".d#ot#eating o$ :egeta1/e oi/ $o# g#een die e/ +#odu0tion 3a de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4' En ineerin "ciencesC ;e:e/o+ment o$ 0a#1on $i1#e te0"no/og.- t"e e $i1#e u ed $o# indigenou mode#n ai#0#a$t manu$a0tu#e' T"e te0"ni0a/ kno3"o3 "a 1een t#an $e##ed to &Q @em#o0k $o# 0omme#0ia/i*ation o$ t"e +#odu0t' To eAtend t"e /i$e o$ o+en0a t mine 3it"out di tu#1ing t"e u#$a0e d3e//ing and maintain e0onom. and +#odu0ti:it.5 2SI4 "a de:e/o+ed a te0"no/og. on =ig"3a// &ining' Ii# t indigenou Danke/ engine +o3e#ed unmanned 7i# Ce"i0/e QNI"+ANT de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4' So/id $i/m /u1#i0ant 0oating 5 a +e0ia/ :a#iet. o$ non-+"otoni0 0#. ta/ $i1#e made o$ +u#e i/i0a i de:e/o+ed 1. 2SI4 to 1e u ed a an a/te#nate mate#ia/ $o# 847&F=S mi i/e'
ATO)IC ENE*0= T"e ;e+a#tment o$ 7tomi0 Ene#g. (;7E,5 e ta1/i "ed on 3 7ugu t 1954 i engaged in t"e de:e/o+ment o$ nu0/ea# +o3e# te0"no/og.5 a++/i0ation o$ #adiation te0"no/ogie in t"e $ie/d o$ ag#i0u/tu#e5 medi0ine5 indu t#.5 and 1a i0 #e ea#0"' N:CLEA* PO>E* P*O0*A))E ;7E "a 1een +u# uing t"e $o//o3ing 3- tage Nu0/ea# -o3e# -#og#ammeK -The .irst sta e 0om+#i e etting u+ o$ -#e u#i ed =ea:. Date# 4ea0to# (-=D4 , and a o0iated $ue/ 0.0/e $a0i/itie ' -=D4 u e natu#a/ u#anium a $ue/ and "ea:. 3ate# a mode#ato# and 0oo/ant' -The second sta e en:i age etting u+ o$ Ia t 8#eede# 4ea0to# (I84 , 1a0ked 1. #e+#o0e ing +/ant and +/utonium-1a ed $ue/ $a1#i0ation +/ant ' -/utonium i +#odu0ed 1. i##adiation o$ u#anium-238' -The third sta e i 1a ed on t"e t"o#ium-u#anium-233 0.0/e' 6#anium-233 i o1tained 1. i##adiation o$ t"o#ium' T"e $i# t tage o$ Nu0/ea# -o3e# -#og#amme i a/#ead. in 0omme#0ia/ domain' The Nuclear Po7er Corporation o. India Ltd6 2NPCIL5A a +u1/i0 e0to# unde#taking o$ ;7E5 i #e +on i1/e $o# t"e de ign5 0on t#u0tion and o+e#ation o$ nu0/ea# +o3e# #ea0to# ' T"e e0ond tage o$ nu0/ea# +o3e# gene#ation +#og#amme i gea#ed to3a#d etting u+ o$ $a t 1#eede# #ea0to# ' T"e e #ea0to# produce #ore .uel than 7hat they consu#e6 T"e Ia t 8#eede# -#og#amme i in t"e te0"no/og. demon t#ation tage' Indira 0andhi Centre .or Ato#ic *esearch 2I0CA*5 "a 1een engaged in t"e de ign and de:e/o+ment o$ /iMuid odium 0oo/ed $a t 1#eede# #ea0to# ' I%274 "a u00e $u//. de:e/o+ed t"e Ia t 8#eede# 4ea0to# (I84, te0"no/og.' 5)) &De -#otot.+e Ia t 8#eede# 4ea0to# i 0u##ent/. unde# 0on t#u0tion at @a/+akkam' T"e t"i#d tage o$ t"e Nu0/ea# -o3e# -#og#amme i in te0"no/og. de:e/o+ment tage' T"o#ium 1a ed . tem u0" a 7d:an0ed =ea:. Date# 4ea0to# (7=D4, 0an 1e et u+ on 0omme#0ia/ 0a/e on/. a$te# a /a#ge 0a+a0it. 1a ed on $a t 1#eede# #ea0to# 5 i 1ui/t u+' N:CLEA* PO>E* P*O0*A))EC "TA0E-I P*E"":*I"ED +EA;= >ATE* *EACTO*" 7tomi0 +o3e# tation 0om+#i ing t3o 1oi/ing 3ate# #ea0to# (8D4, 3a 2ommi ioned in 19695 t"e tation i ti// in o+e#ation'
et u+ at Ta#a+u#5 &a"a#a "t#a
-Ii# t t3o unit o$ -=D4 - at 4a3at1"ata5 4a?a t"an ta#ted 0omme#0ia/ +#odu0tion in 1973 and 1981' T"e $i# t unit (47-S-1, 3a 1ui/t 3it" t"e "e/+ o$ t"e Ato#ic Ener y o. Canada Ltd 2AECL56 T"e e0ond unit 3a 0om+/eted 3it" t"e indigenou #e ea#0" and de:e/o+ment' -T3o #ea0to# at @a/+akkam nea# 2"ennai5 Tami/ Nadu5 3e#e 0ommi ioned in t"e .ea# 1984 and 1986' -T3o -=D4 3e#e 0ommi ioned at @ak#a+a# (%u?a#at, in 1993 and 1995' -In 2)))5 2 -=D4 at @aiga (@a#nataka, and 2 -=D4 at 4a3at1"ata (4a?a t"an, 3e#e 0ommi ioned' -In 2))7 one -=D4 at @aiga (@a#nataka, 3a 0ommi ioned' N:CLEA* PO>E* P*O0*A))E - "TA0EC II FA"T *EACTO* P*O0*A))E Ia t 8#eede# Te t 4ea0to# (I8T4, at @a/+akkam5 Tami/ Nadu in F0to1e# 1985' T"i #ea0to# i o+e#ating 3it" indigenou /. de:e/o+ed miAed u#anium-+/utonium 0a#1ide $ue/' N:CLEA* PO>E* P*O0*A))E-"TA0E-III T+O*I:) BA"ED *EACTO*" T"e t"i#d tage o$ t"e Indian Nu0/ea# -o3e# -#og#amme i 1a ed on t"e t"o#ium-u#anium- 233' T"e #e ea#0" #ea0to# @7&INI at @a/+akkam u e u#anium-233 $ue/ de#i:ed $#om t"o#ium and o+e#ate u+ to a nomina/ +o3e# o$ 3)kD $o# neut#on #adiog#a+". o$ :a#iou mate#ia/ ' &iAed T"o#ia-6#ania and T"o#ia--/utonia a#e t"e 0andidate $ue/ $o# t"e 7d:an0ed =ea:. Date# 4ea0to# (7=D4,'
T"e #e ea#0" #ea0to# et u+ 1. ;7E o $a#5 "a:e 1een -7+ a#a (1mD5 Iue/K En#i0"ed 6#anium-7/uminium a//o.,5 -2I46S (4)&D5 Iue/K Natu#a/ u#anium,5 ->e#/ina (*e#o ene#g.5 Natu#a/ 6#anium,5 --u#nima I-III (Iue/K -/utoniumQ6#anium-233,5 -;"#u:a (1)) &D5 Iue/K Natu#a/ 6#anium, at T#om1a. (&a"a#a "t#a,5 -@amini (3)kD5 Iue/K 6#anium-233-71 a//o., -Ia t 8#eede# Te t 4ea0to# (4)&D5 Iue/K 6#anium--/utonium 0a#1ide, at @a/+akkam (Tami/ Nadu,' F$ t"e #e ea#0" #ea0to# 5 >e#/ina 3a de0ommi ioned in 19845 and -u#nima e#ie made 3a. $o# @amini' Dhru/aA CI*:" and Apsara a#e u ed $o# +#odu0ing #adioi oto+e 1e ide t"ei# u e in #e ea#0" and de:e/o+ment #e/ating to nu0/ea# te0"no/ogie and mate#ia/ 5 a++/ied and 1a i0 #e ea#0"5 and t#aining' ?A)INI i u ed main/. $o# #adiog#a+". o$ :a#iou mate#ia/ ' I8T4 i t"e te t 1ed $o# t"e de:e/o+ment o$ $ue/5 1/anket and t#u0tu#a/ mate#ia/ $o# $a t 1#eede# #ea0to# +#og#amme' India i a /eading +#odu0e# o$ #adioi oto+e in t"e 3o#/d' 4adioi oto+e a#e +#odu0ed in t"e #e ea#0" #ea0to# at T#om1a.5 atomi0 +o3e# #ea0to# at :a#iou +/a0e in t"e 0ount#.5 and 0.0/ot#on at @o/kata' Bharat Ato#ic *esearch Centre 2BA*C5 "a #o t#ata' u00e $u//. de:e/o+ed g#een manu#e 0#o+ - Se 1ania
Tu1e#0u/o i i a ma?o# "ea/t" +#o1/em in India' Io# dete0tion o$ t"e di ea e in$e0tion5 8742 de:e/o+ed a e#o-diagno ti0 te t-kit 3it" T-#a. imaging u ing a t"#ee dimen iona/ 0one-1eam tonog#a+".' 4adioimmunoa a. (4I7, i a :e# ati/e in vitro te0"niMue $o# t"e mea u#ement o$ "o#mone 5 :itamin 5 d#ug and ot"e# u1 tan0e +#e ent in 1io/ogi0a/ $/uid ' Immuno-#adiomet#i0 a a. (I4&7, i a/ o u ed $o# u0" e timation ' T"e 7nu+am-7me.a u+e#0om+ute# de:e/o+ed 1. 8742 i a 512 2-6 0/u te# and i t"e /a#ge t and $a te t in t"e 7N6-7& e#ie ' T"e ma0"ine 0on i t o$ 256 dua/ +#o0e o# Teon 1a ed I6 e#:e# inte#0onne0ted to giga1it Et"e#net net3o#k' INDIAN "PACE P*O0*A))E T"e Indian S+a0e 4e ea#0" F#gani ation (IS4F, 3a $o#med in 1969' T"e t3o ma?o# o+e#ationa/ +a0e . tem K-Indian "atellite 2IN"AT5 $o# te/e0ommuni0ation5 te/e:i ion 1#oad0a ting and meteo#o/ogi0a/ e#:i0e and -Indian *e#ote "ensin 2I*"5 "atellites $o# #e ou#0e monito#ing and management' T3o o+e#ationa/ /aun0" :e"i0/e K-Polar "atellite Launch ;ehicle 2P"L;5 +#ima#i/. $o# /aun0"ing #emote en ing ate//ite into +o/a# o#1it and -0eosynchronous "atellite Launch ;ehicle 20"L;5 $o# /aun0"ing 0ommuni0ation and meteo#o/ogi0a/ ate//ite into %eo .n0"#onou T#an $e# F#1it (%TF,' T"e mo t igni$i0ant mi/e tone o$ t"e Indian S+a0e -#og#amme du#ing t"e .ea# 2))9-2)1) 3a t"e +at" 1#eaking di 0o:e#. o$ t"e t#a0e o$ 3ate# in t"e /una# u#$a0e 1. India' $i# t mi ion to moon2"and#a.aan-1' I#portant de/elop#ents Te ting o$ /a#ge t o/id 1oo te# S2)) 1ui/t 1. IS4F to 1e u ed in t"e ad:an0ed :e# ion o$ %SLC name/. %SLC &a#k III 0a+a1/e o$ +utting 4 tonne ate//ite into %eo- tationa#. o#1it5
/aun0"ing o$ 4ada# Imaging Sate//ite (4IS7T-2, and 7N6S7T on1oa#d -o/a# Sate//ite Laun0" Ce"i0/e (P"L;-C1!, on 2) 7+#i/ 2))9 and Laun0" o$ F0ean at-2 a/ong 3it" iA nano ate//ite $o# inte#nationa/ 0u tome# on1oa#d P"L;-C19 on 23 Se+tem1e# 2))9 $#om S#i"a#ikota' INS7T-4245 3a /aun0"ed on 2 Se+tem1e# 2))7 u ing 0"L; $#om S#i"a#ikota e +e0ia//. $o# ;i#e0t- To=ome (;T=, te/e:i ion 1#oad0a t' INS7T +#o:ide e#:i0e 3it" it t#an +onde# in t"e 25 EAtended 2 and @u-1and ' T"e /aun0" o$ E;6S7T5 India' $i# t t"emati0 ate//ite dedi0ated eA0/u i:e/. $o# edu0ationa/ e#:i0e "a +#o:ided $u#t"e# $i//i+ to t"e edu0ationa/ e#:i0e o$$e#ed 1. t"e IN"AT . tem' INDIAN *E)OTE "EN"IN0 "ATELLITE "="TE) T"e I4S +#og#amme 0ommi ioned 3it" /aun0" o$ I4S-17 in 1988 and +#e ent/. in0/ude ten satellites t"at 0ontinue to +#o:ide image#ie in :a#iet. o$ +atia/ #e o/ution $#om /e t"an a met#e #anging u+ to 5)) met#e ' 8e ide 5 t"e tate-o$-a#t 0ame#a o$ I4S +a0e0#a$t take t"e +i0tu#e o$ t"e Ea#t" in e:e#a/ +e0t#a/ 1and ' T"e ate//ite o$ I4S . tem 3"i0" a#e in e#:i0e toda. a#e TES5 F ean at-1 H 25 4e ou#0e at-15 2a#to at-1 and 2a#to at- 2 H 275 I&S-15 4IS7T-2' T"e u+0oming 4emote Sen ing Sate//ite a#e 2a#to at-285 4e ou#0e at-2 and 4ada# Imaging Sate//ite 4IS7T-1' Image#. ent 1. I4S +a0e0#a$t i u ed $o# e:e#a/ a++/i0ation 0o:e#ing ag#i0u/tu#e5 3ate# #e ou#0e 5 u#1an de:e/o+ment5 mine#a/ +#o +e0ting5 en:i#onment5 $o#e t#.5 d#oug"t and $/ood $o#e0a ting5 F0ean5 ;i a te# &anagement Su++o#t and Ci//age 4e ou#0e 2ent#e ' Polar "atellite Launch ;ehicle 2P"L;5 -SLC "a $ou# tage u ing o/id and /iMuid +#o+u/ ion . tem a/te#nate/.' T"e $i# t tage i one o$ t"e /a#ge t o/id +#o+e//ant 1oo te# in t"e 3o#/d and 0a##ie 139 tonne o$ +#o+e//ant' 7 0/u te# o$ iA t#a+on i atta0"ed to t"e $i# t tage moto#5 $ou# o$ 3"i0" a#e ignited on t"e g#ound and t3o a#e ai#-/it' -SLC i 0a+a1/e o$ /aun0"ing a 175) kg ate//ite in 62) km un .n0"#onou +o/a# o#1it5 1)5) kg ate//ite in geo .n0"#onou t#an $e# o#1it o# a 35)) kg 0/a ate//ite into Lo3 Ea#t" F#1it' -SLC "a /aun0"ed 39 ate//ite Q +a0e0#a$t (17 Indian and 22 $o# Inte#nationa/ 0u tome# , into a :a#iet. o$ o#1it o $a# (ti// 7+#i/ 2)1),' 0eosynchronous "atellite Launch ;ehicle 20"L;5 T"e %SLC i 0a+a1/e o$ /aun0"ing 25))) kg 0/a ate//ite into %eo .n0"#onou T#an $e# F#1it (%TF,' It i a t"#ee tage :e"i0/e5 Ii# t tage 0om+#i e S139 o/id 1oo te# 3it" $ou# /iMuid (L4), t#a+-on ' Se0ond tage (%S2, i /iMuid engine and t"e t"i#d tage (%S3, i a 0.#o tage' %SLC-&k III5 a ne3 :e# ion o$ %SLC and 0a+a1/e o$ /aun0"ing +a0e0#a$t 3eig"ing u+to 4 tonne to %TF5 i unde# de:e/o+ment' Ti// no35 %SLC "a /aun0"ed $ou# ate//ite ' "atish Dha7an "pace Centre 2"D"C5 "+A*A S#i"a#ikota I /and on t"e Ea t 2oa t o$ India "a t"e ne0e a#. in$#a t#u0tu#e $o# /aun0"ing ate//ite into /o3 ea#t" o#1it5 +o/a# o#1it and geo tationa#. t#an $e# o#1it ' S#i"a#ikota /o0ated at 13 deg No#t" /atitude i ituated in t"e Ne//o#e di t#i0t o$ 7nd"#a -#ade " and i a1out 1)) km $#om 2"ennai' Chandrayaan-1A India' $i# t mi ion to t"e &oon 3a u00e $u//. /aun0"ed on 22 F0to1e# 2))8' T"e e/e:en +a./oad 1ui/t in India5 6@5 6S75 %e#man.5 S3eden and 8u/ga#ia "a:e tudied t"e moon $#om di$$e#ent +e# +e0ti:e and +#o:ided eA0e//ent Mua/it. o$ "ig" #e o/ution data' T"e mo t igni$i0ant #e u/t i t"e di 0o:e#. o$ t"e +#e en0e o$ ".d#oA./ and 3ate# mo/e0u/e on t"e /una# u#$a0e and in$e#en0e o$ u1u#$a0e 3ate# i0e de+o it in t"e 1a e o$ 0#ate# in +e#manent un "ado3' I"*O1s .uture space science #issions -7ST4FS7T5 t"e $i# t dedi0ated Indian +a0e a t#onom. mi ion $o# imu/taneou mu/ti-3a:e/engt" o1 e#:ation o$ te//a# and ga/a0ti0 ou#0e '
-2"and#a.aan-25 a /ogi0a/ eAten ion o$ 2"and#a.aan-1 to 0a##. out in-situ ana/. i o$ /una# am+/e and tud. /una# u#$a0e +#o+e#tie u ing in t#ument on1oa#d F#1ite# and 4o:e#' -GF6T=S7T5 a mini ate//ite to tud. t"e im+a0t o$ Sun and S+a0e Deat"e#' -&eg"a-T#o+iMue 5 Indo-I#en0" ?oint ate//ite mi ion to tud. t"e 0on:e0ti:e . tem t"at in$/uen0e t"e t#o+i0a/ 3eat"e# and 0/imate' -Se:e#a/ ma// ate//ite mi ion /ike 7;ITG7-1 (So/a# 0o#onag#a+",5 T-#a. -o/a#imete# EA+e#iment (-FLIT,5 In$#a-4ed S+e0t#o 0o+i0 Imaging Su#:e. (I4SIS,5 SENSE -QE (Sate//ite $o# Ea#t"' Nea# S+a0e En:i#onment, and I-ST7% (Indian Sate//ite $o# 7e#o o/ and %a e , a#e a/ o on t"e an:i/' 0EO"P+E*E AND "EI")OLO0ICAL DI"A"TE* Early Tsuna#i >arnin syste# In t"e a$te#mat" o$ t"e %#eat Sumat#a ea#t"Muake o$ 26 ;e0em1e# 2))45 %o:e#nment o$ India "a et u+ t"e Nationa/ T unami Ea#/. Da#ning . tem at IN2FIS5 =.de#a1ad5 $o# T unami in t"e Indian F0ean #egion5 3"i0" 3a inaugu#ated on 15 F0to1e# 2))7' T"e . tem i o+e#ating on 24A7 1a i and +#o:ide ad:an0e 3a#ning o$ T unami /ike/. to a$$e0t t"e 0oa ta/ a#ea o$ t"e 0ount#.' 7 +a#t o$ t"e Ea#/. Da#ning S. tem $o# T unami 5 a 4ea/-Time Sei mi0 &onito#ing Net3o#k (4TS&N, "a 1een et u+ 1. I&;' T"e net3o#k i de igned to monito# and #e+o#t5 in /ea t +o i1/e time5 t"e o00u##en0e o$ ea#t"Muake 0a+a1/e o$ gene#ating T unami in Indian F0ean #egion' T"e Indian T unami Ea#/. Da#ning S. tem 0om+#i e a #ea/-time net3o#k o$ ei mi0 tation 5 8ottom -#e u#e 4e0o#de# (8-4, and tide gauge to dete0t t unamigeni0 ea#t"Muake and to monito# T unami ' Chapter !( - Transport *ail7ays In 1853 Ii# t t#ain teamed o$$ $#om &um1ai to T"ane 0o:e#ing a di tan0e o$ 34 km' 4ai/3a. +#o:ide t"e +#in0i+a/ mode o$ t#an +o#tation $o# $#eig"t and +a enge# ' T"e#e a#e 17 4ai/3a. *one >ona/ 4ai/3a. =eadMua#te# 1 2ent#a/ &um1ai 2ST 2 Ea te#n @o/kata 3 Ea t 2oa t 8"u1ane "3a# 4 Ea t 2ent#a/ =a?i+u# 5 No#t"e#n Ne3 ;e/"i 6 No#t" 2ent#a/ 7//a"a1ad 7 No#t" Ea te#n %o#ak"+u# 8 No#t"e t I#ontie# &a/igaon (%u3a"ati, 9 No#t" De te#n Bai+u# 1) Sout"e#n 2"ennai 11 Sout" 2ent#a/ Se0unde#1ad 12 Sout" Ea te#n @o/kata 13 Sout" Ea t 2ent#a/ 4ai/3a. 8i/a +u# 14 Sout" De te#n 4ai/3a. =u1/i 15 De te#n &um1ai 16 De t 2enta/ 4ai/3a. Ba1a/+u# 17 @o/katta &et#o @o/kata T"e#e a#e e/e:en +u1/i0 unde#taking unde# t"e admini t#ati:e 0ont#o/ o$ t"e &ini t#. o$ 4ai/3a. ' Indian 4ai/3a. "a /aun0"ed ne3 /uAu#. t#ain 4o.a/ 4a?a t"an on D"ee/ '
*oads 71out 6) +e# 0ent o$ $#eig"t and 87'4 +e# 0ent +a enge# t#a$$i0 i 0a##ied 1. t"e #oad ' T"e 0ount#.E #oad net3o#k 0on i t o$ Nationa/ =ig"3a. 5 State =ig"3a. 5 ma?o#Qot"e# di t#i0t #oad and :i//ageQ#u#a/ #oad ' Nationa/ =ig"3a. 0om+#i e on/. 2 +e# 0ent o$ t"e tota/ /engt" o$ #oad and 0a##ie o:e# 4) +e# 0ent o$ t"e tota/ t#a$$i0 a0#o t"e /engt" and 1#eadt" o$ t"e 0ount#.' NATIONAL +I0+>A=" T"e 2ent#a/ %o:e#nment i #e +on i1/e $o# de:e/o+ment and maintenan0e o$ t"e Nationa/ =ig"3a. . tem' T"e de/elop#ent and #aintenance 7or@ o. National +i h7ays are done throu h three a encies 5 Nationa/ =ig"3a. 7ut"o#it. o$ India (N=7I,5 State -u1/i0 Do#k ;e+a#tment (-D; , and 8o#de# 4oad F#gani ation (84F,' National +i h7ays De/elop#ent ProGect 2N+DP5 i t"e /a#ge t "ig"3a. +#o?e0t e:e# unde#taken in t"e 0ount#.' The N+DP is $ein i#ple#ented $y National +i h7ays Authority o. India 2N+AI56 - N+DP Phase I and II - En:i age 4Q6 /aning o$ a1out 145))) km o$ Nationa/ =ig"3a. ' T"e e t3o +"a e 0om+#i e %o/den Luad#i/ate#a/ (%L,5 No#t"-Sout" and Ea t-De t 0o##ido# (NSED,5 -o#t 2onne0ti:it. and Ft"e# -#o?e0t ' T"e %L (5846 km, 0onne0t $ou# ma?o# 0itie ;e/"i5 &um1ai5 2"ennai and @o/katta' T"e NSED 0o##ido# (7142 km, 0onne0t S#inaga# in t"e No#t" to @an.akuma#i in t"e Sout" in0/uding a +u# $#om Sa/em to @o0"i and Si/0"a# in t"e Ea t to -o#1anda# in t"e De t' T"e N=;- a/ o in0/ude -o#t 2onne0ti:it. -#o?e0t 0om+#i ing a /engt" o$ 38) km $o# im+#o:ement o$ #oad 0onne0ting 12 ma?o# +o#t in t"e 0ount#. and Ft"e# -#o?e0t in:o/:ing a /engt" o$ 962 km' - N+DP Phase-III $o# $ou#Q iA /aning o$ 125 1)9 km o$ Nationa/ =ig"3a. on 8ui/d5 F+e#ate and T#an $e# (8FT, 1a i ' -N+DP Phase I; 0om+#i e 2 /aning 3it" +a:ed "ou/de# o$ 2)))) km o$ Natina/ =ig"3a.' -N+DP Phase-; $o# iA /aning o$ 65)) km /engt" o$ e/e0ted Nationa/ =ig"3a. ' -N+DP Phase-;I $o# de:e/o+ment o$ 1))) km o$ EA+#e 3a. -N+DP Phase-;II $o# 0on t#u0tion o$ #ing #oad o$ ma?o# to3n and 1.+a e 5 $/.o:e# 5 et0' on Nationa/ =ig"3a. ' Name o$ t"e -#o?e0t 4 to 6 /ane - %L 4 to 6 /ane NSED 4Q6 /aning o$ 121)9 km on --- 1a i Sing/e to 2-/aning 3it" +a:ed "ou/de# o$ 2)))) km o$ N= 8FT 4 to 6-/aning o$ 65)) km o$ e/e0ted t#et0"e o$ N= on a ;e ign5 N=;--C 8ui/d-Iinan0e- F+e#ate o# ;8IF 1a i 6 N=;--CI ;e:e/o+ment o$ 1))) km o$ EA+#e 3a. on ;8IF 1a i 2on t#u0tion o$ #ing #oad 5 $/. o:e# and 1.+a e on e/e0ted 7 N=;--CII t#et0"e 8FT 1a i 7// t"e u1 +#o?e0t in N=;- -"a e-III to -"a e-CII 3ou/d 1e taken u+ main/. on -u1/i0 -#i:ate -a#ti0i+ation (---, #oute $o//o3ing eit"e# 8ui/d F+e#ate and T#an $e# (8FT, to// mode o# 8FT (7nnuit., mode' Ports $a0i/itate inte#nationa/ t#ade a a/mo t 95 +e# 0ent 1. :o/ume and 7) +e# 0ent 1. :a/ue o$ India' me#0"andi e t#ade i 0a##ied t"#oug" t"e ea #oute' T"e#e a#e 12 ma?o# +o#t and 2)) non-ma?o# +o#t a/ong IndiaE 7517 km 0oa t/ine' T"e ma?o# +o#t "and/e a1out 73 +e# 0ent o$ t"e +o#t t#a$$i0 o$ t"e 0ount#. and #emaining 27 +e# 0ent i "and/ed 1. mino# Q State +o#t ' 1'@o/kata5 2'&um1ai5 3'BN-T5 4'2"ennai5 5'2o0"in5 6'Ci "ak"a+atnam5 7'@and/a5 8'&o#mugao5 9'-a#adi+5 1)'Ne3 &anga/o#e5 11'Tuti0o#in5 12'Enno#e Ba3a"a#/a/ Ne"#u -o#t T#u t BN-T at &um1ai i IndiaE /a#ge t 0ontaine# +o#t' CI;IL A;IATION S No 1 2 3 4 -"a e N=;--I N=;- - II N=;--III N=;--IC
F1?e0ti:e i to +#o:ide 3o#/d-0/a in$#a t#u0tu#e9 a$e5 #e/ia1/e5 and a$$o#da1/e ai# e#:i0e to en0ou#age g#o3t" in +a enge# and 0a#go t#a$$i0 and ai# 0onne0ti:it. to #emote and ina00e i1/e a#ea 5 +a#ti0u/a#/. t"e No#t"-Ea te#n +a#t o$ t"e 0ount#.' It +/a. an im+o#tant #o/e in underta@in lon -distance tra/elA transportin hi h-/alue and perisha$le co##odities and inte ratin di..erent parts o. the country6 T"e e o1?e0ti:e a#e to 1e a0"ie:ed t"#oug"K -t"e mode#ni*ationQu+g#adation o$ met#o and non-met#o ai#+o#t 9 -0on t#u0tion o$ %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t 9 -u+g#adationQmode#ni*ation o$ 7i# T#a$$i0 &anagement S. tem 9 - etting u+ o$ a mu/ti-moda/ inte#nationa/ +a enge# and 0a#go "u19 -add#e ing t"e a0ute "o#tage o$ o+e#ating man+o3e#9 and -a0Mui ition o$ mode#n $ue/ e$$i0ient ai#0#a$t $itted 3it" t"e /ate t eMui+ment' %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t at =.de#a1ad and 8enga/u#u "a:e a/#ead. 1een de:e/o+ed on -u1/i0-+#i:ate+a#tne# "i+ (---, mode and 1e0ome o+e#ationa/' --- mode i en0ou#aged $o# t"e de:e/o+ment o$ %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t at &o+a (%oa,5 Na:i &um1ai (&a"a#a "t#a,5 and @annu# (@e#a/a,' "o#e )aGor De/elop#ents in Ci/il A/iation "ector I;I no#m "a:e 1een /i1e#a/i*ed5 a//o3ing 1)) +e# 0ent I;I t"#oug" t"e automati0 #oute $o# etting u+ %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t +#o?e0t ' 7 +o/i0. $o# 0on t#u0tion o$ %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t 5 add#e ing +#o0edu#e $o# a++#o:a/ o$ %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t 3it"in 15) km o$ eAi ting ai#+o#t 5 ai#+o#t $o# 0a#go5 andQo# non- 0"edu/ed $/ig"t and $o# "e/i+o#t 5 "a 1een +ut in +/a0e' T"e 7i#+o#t E0onomi0 4egu/ato#. 7ut"o#it. (7E47, "a 1een e ta1/i "ed' T"e $un0tion to 1e 0a##ied out 1. 7E47 in0/ude .i-in A re/ie7in A and appro/in tari.. structures .or aeronautical ser/ices and users .ees 3"i0" ma. 1e /e:ied 1. t"e e#:i0e +#o:ide# $o# ai#+o#t de:e/o+ment and monito#ing +#e 0#i1ed +e#$o#man0e tanda#d #e/ating to Mua/it.5 0ontinuit.5 and #e/ia1i/it. o$ e#:i0e' T"e t3o nationa/ 0a##ie# 7i# India Ltd' and Indian 7i#/ine "a:e 1een me#ged to o+timi*e $/eet a0Mui ition5 /e:e#age t"e a et 1a e5 t#engt"en net3o#k5 and a0"ie:e e0onom. o$ 0a/e ' In o#de# to add#e t"e a0ute "o#tage o$ o+e#ationa/ man+o3e# in t"e a:iation e0to#5 t"e Indi#a %and"i 4a "t#i.a 6d.an 70adem. (I%467, "a 1een u+g#aded and a ne3 $/.ing t#aining in titute at %ondia "a 1een e ta1/i "ed and t"e management "a 1een +a ed on to 27E I/ig"t T#aining (India, -#i:ate Limited5 a 3"o//. o3ned u1 idia#. o$ 27E In05 2anada' Airports Authority o. India 2AAI5 1995 i a /eade# in 1ui/ding ai#+o#t in$#a t#u0tu#e a/ong t"e /engt" and 1#eadt" o$ t"e 0ount#. in0/uding #emote and $a# $/ung a#ea ' 0*EENFIELD AI*PO*T" 1' Ban aluru International AirportA De/anahalliA Ban aluruC 7 %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t +#o?e0t at ;e:ana"a//i nea# 8anga/u#u "a 1een im+/emented on a 8ui/d F3n F+e#ate and T#an $e# (8FFT, 1a i $o# 3) .ea# 3it" -u1/i0--#i:ate--a#ti0i+ation (---,'%o:e#nment o$ @a#nataka and 77I toget"e# "o/d 26 +e# 0ent eMuit. and t"e t#ategi0 ?oint :entu#e +a#tne# "o/d t"e 1a/an0e 74 +e# 0ent' 7 2on o#tium /ed 1. Siemen 5 %e#man. 3it" 6niMue >u#i0"5 S3it*e#/and and La# en and Tou1#o5 India Limited5 a ot"e# mem1e# "a:e 1een 0"o en a t"e t#ategi0 Boint Centu#e -a#tne# ' T"e ai#+o#t 3a 0ommi ioned on 24 &a.5 2))8' 2' *aGi/ 0andhi International AirportA "ha#sha$adA +ydera$adK 7 %#een$ie/d ai#+o#t "a 1een de:e/o+ed in S"am "a1ad5 nea# =.de#a1ad on 8ui/d F3n F+e#ate and T#an $e# (8FFT, 1a i 3it" -u1/i0 -#i:ate -a#ti0i+ation (---, 1. t"e %o:e#nment o$ 7nd"#a -#ade "' 77I and %o:e#nment o$ 7nd"#a -#ade " toget"e# "o/d 26 +e# 0ent eMuit. and t"e 1a/an0e 74 +e# 0ent 1eing "e/d 1. t"e t#ategi0 +a#tne#5 a 0on o#tium 0on i ting o$ &Q %&4 Ente#+#i e and &a/a. ian 7i#+o#t =o/ding 8e#"and (&7=8,' T"e ai#+o#t 3a 0ommi ioned on 23 &a#0"5 2))8' PA>AN +AN" +ELICOPTE*" LI)ITED 2P++L5 3a in0o#+o#ated in F0to1e#5 1985 and 0ommen0ed it o+e#ation 3it"in one .ea# o$ it in0o#+o#ation to +#o:ide "e/i0o+te# e#:i0e to t"e oi/ e0to#5 o+e#ate in "i//. and ina00e i1/e a#ea and make a:ai/a1/e 0"a#te# $/ig"t $o# +#omotion o$ t#a:e/ and tou#i m' Chapter !, >ater *esources
T"e Nationa/ Date# -o/i0.5 2))2 /a. em+"a i on -integ#ated 3ate# #e ou#0e de:e/o+ment and management $o# o+tima/ and u taina1/e uti/i ation o$ t"e a:ai/a1/e u#$a0e and g#ound 3ate#9 - 0#eation o$ 3e//-de:e/o+ed in$o#mation . tem9 - 3ate# 0on e#:ation and demand management9 - Muantit. and Mua/it. a +e0t a 3e// a en:i#onmenta/ 0on ide#ation 9 - in:o/:ement o$ 1ene$i0ia#ie and take"o/de# in t"e +#o?e0t +/anning and +a#ti0i+ato#. a++#oa0" in 3ate# #e ou#0e management5 t#aining and #e ea#0"5 #e ett/ement and #e"a1i/itation a +e0t o$ +#o?e0ted a$$e0ted +e# on ' - en0ou#age -#i:ate Se0to# +a#ti0i+ation T"e 700e/e#ated I##igation 8ene$it -#og#amme (7I8-, 3a /aun0"ed du#ing 1996-97 to gi:e /oan a i tan0e to t"e State to "e/+ t"em 0om+/ete ome o$ t"e in0om+/ete ma?o#Qmedium i##igation +#o?e0t 3"i0" 3e#e at an ad:an0ed tage o$ 0om+/etion and to 0#eate additiona/ i##igation +otentia/ in t"e 0ount#.' 7 +e# t"e eAi ting 7I8- 0#ite#ia im+/emented $#om ;e0em1e# 2))65 g#ant amounting to 25< o$ t"e +#o?e0t 0o t $o# ma?o#Qmedium i##igation +#o?e0t in non- +e0ia/ 0atego#. State and 9)< g#ant o$ t"e +#o?e0t 0o t $o# ma?o#Q medium Qmino# i##igation +#o?e0t in +e0ia/ 0atego#. State ' T"e mino# i##igation 0"eme in non- +e0ia/ 0atego#. State $a//ing in d#oug"t +#oneQt#i1a/ a#ea a#e t#eated at +a# 3it" +e0ia/ 0atego#. State and a#e +#o:ided 9)< g#ant o$ t"e +#o?e0t 0o t' &a?o# and medium +#o?e0t +#o:iding i##igation 1ene$it to d#oug"t +#oneQt#i1a/ a#ea and $/ood +#one a#ea a#e a/ o e/igi1/e $o# 9)< g#ant o$ t"e +#o?e0t 0o t' =.d#o/og. -#o?e0t -"a e-II "a 1een taken u+ 3it" t"e a i tan0e o$ International Ban@ o. *econstruction and De/elop#ent (I84;,' T"e o1?e0ti:e o$ t"e +#o?e0t i to eAtend and +#omote t"e u tained and e$$e0ti:e u e o$ =.d#o/ogi0a/ In$o#mation S. tem (=IS, 1. a// +otentia/ u e# 0on0e#ned 3it" 3ate# #e ou#0e +/anning and management5 1ot" in +u1/i0 and +#i:ate e0to# 5 t"e#e1. 0ont#i1uting to im+#o:ed +#odu0ti:it. and 0o t e$$e0ti:ene o$ 3ate# #e/ated in:e tment ' 7n im+o#tant $eatu#e o$ t"e +#o?e0t i +e0ia/ tudie 0a//ed '-u#+o e ;#i:en Studie ' $o# +e0i$i0 i ue identi$ied 1. t"e tate agen0ie ' Inter-"tate *i/er >ater Disputes @#i "na- &a"a#a "t#a57-5@a#nataka %oda:a#i- &a"a#a "t#a5 7nd"#a -#ade "5@a#nataka5 &-5 F#i a Na#mada- 4a?a t"an5 &ad".a -#ade "5%u?a#at5&a"a#a "t#a' 2au:e#.- @e#a/a5 TN5 -udu0"e##. Can ad"a#a- 7- and F#i a &adeiQ&ando:iQ&a"ada.i - %oa5 @a#nataka and &a"a#a "t#a t#i1una/ not 0on tituted INTE*NATIONAL COOPE*ATION INDIA-NEPAL COOPE*ATION 7 T#eat. on Integ#ated ;e:e/o+ment o$ &a"aka/i 4i:e# 3a igned 1et3een t"e %o:e#nment o$ India and %o:e#nment o$ Ne+a/ in Ie1#ua#. 19965 3"i0" 0ame into $o#0e in Bune 1997' -an0"e "3a# &u/ti+u#+o e -#o?e0t on #i:e# &a"aka/i (kno3n a #i:e# Sa#da in India,5 i t"e 0ente#+ie0e o$ &a"aka/i T#eat.' IndiaNe+a/ Boint %#ou+ o$ EA+e#t (B%E, "a 1een o:e# eeing t"e +". i0a/ and $inan0ia/ +#og#e 3it" #e +e0t to $ina/i*ation o$ Boint ;etai/ed -#o?e0t 4e+o#t o$ -an0"e "3a# &u/ti+u#+o e -#o?e0t' T"e +#o?e0t 3i// "a:e +o3e# and i##igation 1ene$it 1e ide in0identa/ 1ene$it o$ $/ood mode#ation' INDIA-B+:TAN COOPE*ATION T"e net3o#k 0on i t o$ 35 ".d#o-meteo#o/ogi0a/Qmeteo#o/ogi0a/ tation /o0ated in 8"utan and 1eing maintained 1. t"e 4o.a/ %o:e#nment o$ 8"utan 3it" $unding $#om India' T"e data #e0ei:ed $#om t"e e tation a#e uti/i*ed in India 1. t"e 2ent#a/ Date# 2ommi ion $o# $o#mu/ating $/ood $o#e0a t ' INDIA-BAN0LADE"+ COOPE*ATION 7 T#eat. 3a igned 1. t"e -#ime &ini te# o$ India and 8ang/ade " on 12 ;e0em1e# 1996 $o# t"e "a#ing o$ %angaQ%ange 3ate# ' T"e T#eat. "a// #emain in $o#0e $o# a +e#iod o$ t"i#t. .ea# to 1e #ene3a1/e 1. mutua/ 0on ent' 7 Boint 2ommittee "a 1een et u+ $o# im+/ementing ?oint in +e0tion and
monito#ing o$ t"e "a#ing a##angement at Ia#akka in India and at =a#dinge 8#idge in 8ang/ade " $o# t"e d#. ea on (Banua#. to &a., e:e#. .ea#' T"e t#an mi ion o$ $/ood $o#e0a ting in$o#mation $#om India du#ing t"e mon oon5 3"i0" i 1eing u++/ied $#ee o$ 0o t5 "a ena1/ed t"e 0i:i/ and mi/ita#. aut"o#itie in 8ang/ade " to "i$t t"e +o+u/ation a$$e0ted 1. $/ood to a$e# +/a0e ' INDIA-C+INA COOPE*ATION In t"e .ea# 2))25 t"e %o:e#nment o$ India "ad ente#ed into an &o6 3it" 2"ina $o# +#o:i ion o$ ".d#o/ogi0a/ in$o#mation on Ga/u*ang1uQ 8#a"ma+ut#a #i:e# in $/ood ea on 1. 2"ina to India' 7not"e# &emo#andum o$ 6nde# tanding "a 1een igned du#ing t"e :i it o$ t"e 2"ine e -#emie# to India in 7+#i/ 2))5 $o# u++/. o$ ".d#o/ogi0a/ in$o#mation in #e +e0t o$ Sut/e? (LangMen >ang1u,5 in $/ood ea on' 2"ine e ide i +#o:iding ".d#o/ogi0a/ in$o#mation in #e +e0t o$ t"ei# T ada tation on #i:e# Sut/e? (LangMen >ang1u, $#om t"e mon oon o$ 2))7' IND:" >ATE* T*EAT=A 14(3 6nde# t"e Indu Date# T#eat.5 196)5 India and -aki tan "a:e 0#eated t3o +e#manent +o t o$ 2ommi ione# $o# Indu Date# 5 one ea0" in India and -aki tan' T"e t3o 2ommi ione# toget"e# $o#m t"e -e#manent Indu 2ommi ion -I2' T"e -I2 "o/d +e#iodi0a/ meeting and a/ o unde#take tou# o$ in +e0tion to +#o?e0t Q3o#k in India and -aki tan' Chapter !E & "ocial >el.are T+E )inistry o. "ocial Mustice and E#po7er#ent i 0ommitted to3a#d edu0ationa/ de:e/o+ment5 e0onomi0 em+o3e#ment and o0ia/ em+o3e#ment o$ +e# on 1e/onging to S0"edu/ed 2a te 5 Ft"e# 8a0k3a#d 2/a e 5 #e"a1i/itation o$ +e# on 3it" di a1i/itie 5 :i0tim o$ d#ug a1u e5 aged et0' CON"TIT:TIONAL )EA":*E" NATIONAL CO))I""ION FO* "C+ED:LED CA"TE" a 2on titutiona/ 1od. monito# t"e a$egua#d +#o:ided $o# S0"edu/ed 2a te and a/ o #e:ie3 i ue 0on0e#ning t"ei# 3e/$a#e' T"e 2ommi ion "a 3ide +o3e# to +#ote0t5 a$egua#d and +#omote t"e inte#e t o$ t"e S2 ' T"e 2ommi ion $o# S0"edu/ed 0a te "a #e0on titiued on 25 &a. 2))7 $o# a +e#iod o$ T"#ee Gea# ' T"e 2on titution 0ontain e:e#a/ +#o:i ion in t"e natu#e o$ a$egua#d $o# t"e S0"edu/ed 2a te ' T"e $o//o3ing t3o 70t +e0i$i0a//. aim at 0u#1ing i, untou0"a1i/it. 7#t 17 and ii , at#o0itie again t S2 and ST 5 and a#e t"e#e$o#e :e#. im+o#tant $o# t"e S0"edu/ed 2a te K16 The Protection o. Ci/il *i hts ActA 14''A and !6 The "cheduled Castes and the "cheduled Tri$es 2Pre/ention o. Atrocities5 ActA 14E46 *aGi/ 0andhi National Fello7ship "che#eC T"e S0"eme +#o:ide $inan0ia/ a i tan0e to S0"edu/ed 2a te tudent $o# +u# uing #e ea#0" tudie /eading to &' -"i/'5 -"';' and eMui:a/ent #e ea#0" deg#ee in uni:e# itie 5 #e ea#0" in titution and 0ienti$i0 in titution ' 6ni:e# it. g#ant 2ommi ion (6%2, i t"e noda/ agen0. $o# im+/ementing t"e 0"eme' Ba$u Ma Gi/an *a# Chhatra7as =oGana T"e o1?e0t o$ t"e S0"eme i to +#o:ide "o te/ $a0i/itie to S2 1o. and gi#/ "ig"e# e0onda#. 0"oo/ 5 0o//ege and uni:e# itie ' tud.ing in midd/e 0"oo/ 5
DE;ELOP)ENT OF "C+ED:LED T*IBE" T"e t#i1a/ +eo+/e o$ India5 3"o 0ome unde# t"e 0atego#. o$ ES#hedu%ed .ri&esF (S.s) in te#m o$ t"e +#o:i ion o$ t"e 2on titution o$ India5 num1e# 8'43 0#o#eJ0on tituting 8'2 +e# 0ent o$ t"e +o+u/ation o$ t"e 0ount#. (2en u 2))1,' In o#de# to +#ote0t t"e inte#e t o$ S0"edu/ed T#i1e 3it" #ega#d to /and a/ienation and ot"e# o0ia/ $a0to# 5 +#o:i ion o$ NNIi$t" S0"edu/eR and NNSiAt" S0"edu/eR "a:e 1een en "#ined in t"e 2on titution' T"e Ii$t" S0"edu/e unde# 7#ti0/e 244(1, o$ 2on titution de$ine NN S#hedu%ed +reasR a u0" a#ea a t"e -#e ident ma. 1. F#de# de0/a#e to 1e S0"edu/ed 7#ea a$te# 0on u/tation 3it" t"e %o:e#no# o$ t"e State'
T"e +e0i$i0ation o$ EES#hedu%ed +reasFF in #e/ation to a State i done 1. a noti$ied F#de# o$ t"e -#e ident5 a$te# 0on u/tation 3it" t"e State %o:e#nment 0on0e#ned T"e SiAt" S0"edu/e unde# 7#ti0/e 244 (2, o$ t"e 2on titution #e/ate to t"o e a#ea in t"e State o$ 7 am5 &e"a/a.a5 T#i+u#a and &i*o#am 3"i0" a#e de0/a#ed a NN.ri&a% +reasR and +#o:ide $o# ;i t#i0t 2oun0i/ andQo# 4egiona/ 2oun0i/ $o# u0" 7#ea ' T"e e 2oun0i/ "a:e 1een 0on$e##ed 3it" 3ide #anging /egi /ati:e5 ?udi0ia/ and eAe0uti:e +o3e# ' T"e State-3i e detai/ o$ T#i1a/ 7#ea Part-I 7 am 1' T"e No#t" 2a0"a# =i// ;i t#i0t 2' T"e @a#1i-7ng/ong ;i t#i0t 3' T"e 8odo Land Te##ito#ia/ 7#ea ;i t#i0t Part II &eg"a/a.a 1' @"a i =i// ;i t#i0t 2' Baintia =i// ;i t#i0t 3' T"e %a#o =i// ;i t#i0t Part IIA T#i+u#a 1'T#i+u#a T#i1a/ 7#ea ;i t#i0t Part III &i*o#am 1' T"e 2"akma ;i t#i0t 2' T"e &a#a ;i t#i0t 3' T"e Lai ;i t#i0t T"e t#i1a/ +o+u/ation a#e no#ma//. een to 1e /i:ing in t"e $o//o3ing t"#ee 0atego#ie o$ /o0ation K 1' No#t"-Ea te#n - 7#una0"a/ -#ade "5 7 am5 &ani+u#5 &eg"a/a.a5 4egion (NE4, &i*o#am5 Naga/and5 T#i+u#a and Sikkim 2' 2ent#a/ T#i1a/ 4a?a t"an5 %u?a#at5 &a"a#a "t#a5 &ad".a -#ade "5 8e/t (2T8, 2""atti ga#"5 7nd"#a -#ade "5 F#i a5 8i"a#5 B"a#k"and De t 8enga/5 ;ad#a and Naga# =a:e/i5 and ;aman and ;iu 3' Ft"e# State Q =ima0"a/ -#ade "5 6tta# -#ade "5 6tta#ak"and5 @a#nataka5 6T B and @5 Tami/nadu5 @e#a/a5 7ndaman and Ni0o1a# I /and 5 and Lak "ad3ee+' T"e T#i1a/ 0ommunitie /i:e in a1out 15 +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0ount#.E a#ea' Pri#iti/e Tri$al 0roups 2PT0s5 T"e#e a#e 75 -#imiti:e T#i1a/ %#ou+ (-T% , in 17 State and 6nion Te##ito#ie o$ 7ndaman and Ni0o1a# I /and 5 3"o a#e 0"a#a0te#i*ed 1.K(a, a +#e-ag#i0u/tu#e /e:e/ o$ te0"no/og.5 (1, a tagnant o# de0/ining +o+u/ation5 (0, eAt#eme/. /o3 /ite#a0.5 and (d, a u1 i ten0e /e:e/ o$ e0onom.' "PECIAL "C+E)E" 2a5 Adi/asi )ahila "asha@ti@aran =oGana 2A)"=5 i an eA0/u i:e 0"eme $o# t"e e0onomi0 de:e/o+ment o$ ST 3omen5 at a "ig"/. 0on0e iona/ #ate o$ inte#e t' 6nde# t"e 0"eme5 NSTI;2 +#o:ide Te#m Loan $o# 0"eme( ,Q+#o?e0t( , 0o ting u+to V 5)5)))Q- +e# indi:idua/ unitQ+#o$it 0ent#e' Iinan0ia/ a i tan0e u+ to 9) +e# 0ent o$ t"e 0o t o$ t"e 0"eme( ,Q+#o?e0t( , i +#o:ided 1. t"e NATIONAL "C+ED:LED T*IBE" FINANCE AND DE;ELOP)ENT CO*PO*ATION NSTI;2'
2$5 )icro-credit sche#e i meant to +#o:ide $inan0ia/ a i tan0e $o# unde#taking ma// e/$-em+/o.ment :entu#e Q a0ti:itie 1. t"e e/igi1/e ST t"#oug" eAi ting +#o$it making S=% ' S27 "a// +#o:ide e/igi1/e amount o$ u1 id. o# ma#gin mone. a +e# t"ei# 0"eme( , $o# t"e ta#get g#ou+ and #emaining amount ma. 1e +#o:ided a te#m /oan 1. NSTI;2' In 0a e o$ no u1 id. and o# no "a#e o$ S27 Q1ank a S27 ' NSTI;2 ma. +#o:ide 1)) +e# 0ent o$ t"e $und #eMui#ed a te#m /oan u1?e0t to maAimum o$ 4 ' 155)))Q- +e# mem1e#' "che#es .or >o#en "TEP C Su++o#t to T#aining and Em+/o.ment -#og#amme $o# Domen (STE-, 3a /aun0"ed a a 2ent#a/ Se0to# S0"eme in 1987' 6+g#ading ki// and 1. mo1i/i*ing t"em into :ia1/e g#ou+ 5 a##anging $o# ma#keting /inkage 5 u++o#t e#:i0e and a00e to 0#edit' Priyadarshini -a#.ada# "ini 3i// 1e an S=% 1a ed +#o?e0t $o# "o/i ti0 em+o3e#ment o$ 3omen and ado/e 0ent gi#/ in 6 di t#i0t $ai/ing in t"e &id-%angeti0 +/ain o$ 6tta# -#ade " and 8i"a#' "7adhar - $o# +#o:iding "o/i ti0 and integ#ated e#:i0e to 3omen in di$$i0u/t 0i#0um tan0e 5 u0" a de titute 3ido3 de e#ted 1. t"ei# $ami/ie in #e/igiou +/a0e /ike C#inda1an and @a "i5 3omen +#i one# #e/ea ed $#om ?ai/ and 3it"out $ami/. u++o#t9 3omen u#:i:o# o$ natu#a/ di a te# 3"o "a:e 1een #ende#ed "ome/e and a#e 3it"out an. o0ia/ and e0onomi0 u++o#t5 t#a$$i0ked 3omenQgi#/ 5 #e 0ued o# #una3a. $#om 1#ot"e/ o# ot"e# +/a0e o# :i0tim o$ eAua/ 0#ime 5 3"o a#e di o3ned 1. $ami/. o# 3"o do not 3ant to go 1a0k to t"ei# #e +e0ti:e $ami/. $o# :a#iou #ea on 5 3omen :i0tim o$ te##o#i t :io/en0e 3"o a#e 3it"out an. $ami/. u++o#t5 menta//. 0"a//enged 3omen 3"o a#e 3it"out an. u++o#t o$ $ami/. et0 *aGi/ 0andhi "che#e .or E#po7er#ent o. Adolescent 0irls - "ABLA "a 1een +#o+o ed $o# ado/e 0ent gi#/ in t"e age g#ou+ o$ 11Q15 .ea# 1. me#ge# o$ @i "o#i S"akti Go?ana and Nut#ition -#og#amme $o# 7do/e 0ent %i#/ a/ong 3it" 0ontent en#i0"ment' T"e 0"eme 4%SE7% 3ou/d aim at em+o3e#ing ado/e 0ent gi#/ a/ong 3it" im+#o:ement in t"i nut#itiona/ and "ea/t" tatu u+g#ading :a#iou ki// /ike "ome ki// 5 /i$e ki// and :o0ationa/ ki// ' It a/ o aim at eMui++ing t"e gi#/ on $ami/. 3e/$a#e5 "ea/t"5 ".giene et0' "tree "ha@ti Puras@ar C 7 a mea u#e o$ #e0ogonition o$ a0"ie:ement o$ indi:idua/ 3omen in t"e $ie/d o$ o0ia/ de:e/o+ment5 t"e %o:e#nment o$ India "a in tituted $i:e nationa/ a3a#d 5 kno3n a 'St#ee S"akti -u#a ka#'' T"e e a3a#d 3i// 1e in t"e name o$ t"e $o//o3ing eminent 3omen +e# ona/itie $#om Indian "i to#.5 3"o a#e $amou $o# t"ei# +e# ona/ 0ou#age and integ#it.K -;e:i 7"i/.a 8a/ =o/ka# -@annagi -&ata Bi?a1ai -4ani %aideniou >e/iang -4ani Lak "mi 8ai I#om t"e .ea# 2))75 anot"e# u1 0atego#. o$ St#ee S"akti -u#a ka#5 named a t"e 4ani 4#d#amma ;e:i "a 1een added5 3"i0" 3i// 1e a3a#ded to indi:idua/ men and 3omen $o# t"ei# out tanding admini t#ati:e ki//5 /eade# "i+ Mua/it. and 0ou#age' Ea0" a3a#d 0a##ie a 0a " +#i*e o$ 4 ' 3 /ak" and a 0itation' Inte rated Child De/elop#ent "er/ices 2ICD"5 "che#eC T"e Integ#ated 2"i/d ;e:e/o+ment Se#:i0e (I2;S, S0"eme 3a /aun0"ed in 1975 a a 2ent#a//. S+on o#ed S0"eme 3it" t"e $o//o3ing o1?e0ti:e K (a, to im+#o:e t"e nut#itiona/ and "ea/t" tatu o$ 0"i/d#en 1e/o3 t"e age o$ iA .ea# and +#egnant and /a0tating mot"e# 9 (1, to /a. t"e $oundation $o# t"e +#o+e# + .0"o/ogi0a/5 +". i0a/ and o0ia/ de:e/o+ment o$ t"e 0"i/d5 (0, to #edu0e t"e in0ident o$ mo#ta/it.5 mo#1idit.5 ma/nut#ition and 0"oo/ d#o+out 5 (d, to a0"ie:e e$$e0ti:e 0oo#dination o$ +o/i0. and im+/ementation among :a#iou de+a#tment to +#omote 0"i/d de:e/o+ment5 (e, to en"an0e t"e 0a+a1i/it. o$ t"e mot"e# to /ook a$te# t"e "ea/t" and nut#itiona/ need o$ t"e 0"i/d t"#oug" +#o+e# "ea/t" and nut#ition edu0ation'
T"e S0"eme +#o:ide $o# a +a0kage o$ e#:i0e to 0"i/d#en 1e/o3 6 .ea# and +#egnant 3omen and /a0tating mot"e# 5 0om+#i ing -Su++/ementa#. Nut#ition -Nut#ition and =ea/t" edu0tion5 --#e- 0"oo/5 non $o#ma/ edu0ation' -4e$e##a/ 5 -Immuni*ation5 -=ea/t" 0"e0k-u+ ' Chapter %1 - 0ENE*AL INFO*)ATION -adma a3a#d a#e among t t"e "ig"e t 0i:i/ian a3a#d o$ t"e 0ount#.' T"e#e a#e t"#ee 0atego#ie o$ -adma 73a#d - '-adma Ci1"u "an'5 '-adma 8"u "an' and '-adma S"#i'' T"e e a#e gi:en $o# di tingui "ed e#:i0e in an. $ie/d in0/uding 7#t5 Lite#atu#e and Edu0ation5 S0ien0e and Enginee#ing5 S+o#t 5 &edi0ine5 et0' -adma 73a#d a#e announ0ed on t"e e:e o$ t"e 4e+u1/i0 ;a. e:e#. .ea#' T"e Bee:an 4ak "a -adak e#ie o$ a3a#d a#e gi:en $o# 0ou#age and +#om+titude unde# 0i#0um tan0e o$ g#eat dange# to t"e /i$e o# 1odi/. in?u#. o$ t"e #e 0ue#5 di +/a.ed in an a0t o# a e#ie o$ a0t o$ "umane natu#e5 in a:ing t"e /i$e o$ a +e# on $#om d#o3ning5 $i#e5 #e 0ue o+e#ation in mine 5 et0' T"e#e a#e t"#ee 0atego#ie o$ Bee:an 4ak "a -adak a3a#d :i*' Sa#:ottam Bee:an 4ak "a -adak5 6ttam Bee:an 4ak "a -adak and Bee:an 4ak "a -adak' NOBEL LA:*EATE" 7&74TG7 SEN- E0onomi0 S6847&7NI7N 2=7N;47S=E@=74- -". i0 &FT=E4 TE4ES7- -ea0e -#i*e =74%F8IN; @=F47N7- &edi0ine 2=7N;47S=E@=74 CEN@7T747&7N- -". i0 478IN;47N7T= T7%F4E- Lite#atu#e ST7TE-DISE N7TIFN7L =I%=D7GS 6tta# -#ade "-5874 km 4a?a t"an-5585 km &ad".a -#ade "-467) km 7nd"#a -#ade "- 4472 km Tami/nadu-4462 km &a"a#a "t#a-4176km

India Year Book Consol

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Chapter -1 LAND AND PEOPLE Latitude 84' to 376' N 3214 km Longitude- 687' to 9725' E 2933 km IST i 5 !

enio# enio# a1o:e a1o:e

Chapter !9 & *ural H :r$an De/elop#ent &a?o# #u#a/ de:e/o+ment 0"eme

et u+ at Ta#a+u#5 &a"a#a "t#a

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