Recap Day 1 Introduction to Unix Unix System Architecture Basic Unix Commands File and directory related commands Shell meta characters Standard files Redirection and Pipe
Session Plan Day 2
Text Processing Commands Process Related Commands
Memory Related Commands
Compression Utilities
Text Processing Commands
Text Processing Commands (1/7)
Command Description paste Combines the content of the files line by line Prints the files content horizontally Displays a set of lines of the given data from start Displays a set of lines of the given data from last
Syntax $ paste file1 [file2]
head tail wc
$ head [-n] file_name
$ tail [n/+n] file_name
Displays total no of lines, words and $ wc [lwc] file_name characters in any data
Text Processing Commands (2/7)
Command Description tr Translate characters Used on output of some other command
Syntax $ cmd_output | tr [option] src_charset tar_charset Syntax/Sample Example $ ls l | tr s $ ls l | tr s # $ date | tr #
Variations Squeeze the character Squeeze and translate the characters Translate the characters
Text Processing Commands (3/7)
Command Description cut Retrieves specific fields or characters from the data Used on output of some other command or file content
Syntax $ cmd_output | cut [option] $ cut [option] file Syntax/Sample Example $ cat file1 | cut c5 $ cat file1 | cut c5-10 $ date | cut d f3 $ date | cut d f3,5 -d: for delimiter -f: for field number
Variations Retrieve specific character set
Retrieves specific field set
Text Processing Commands (4/7)
Command Description Used to order the data Used on output of some other command or file content Default sorting is as per the English dictionary
Variations To sort in reverse order To remove duplicate data To apply numerical sort To merge the content of two or more files
$ sort n file1 $ sort m file1 file2
Text Processing Commands (5/7)
Command Description grep Syntax
Pattern search in the given data $ grep [option] pattern data Global Regular Expression Parser
Variations Ignores case while searching Prints only the count of the number of lines, having given pattern Prints the lines which are not containing given pattern
Syntax $ grep i pattern file_name $ grep c pattern file_name $ grep v pattern file_name
Anchor Characters for grep Command
Matching for lines Prints lines starting with any pattern Prints lines ending with any pattern
Syntax
$ grep ^pattern file_name
$ grep pattern$ file_name
Matching for words
Syntax
Defining the boundary of the words This will match only alphabetic and numeric characters Prints the lines which are containing word starting with any pattern Prints the lines which are containing word ending with any pattern Prints the lines which are containing given pattern as whole word
Removes adjacent repeated lines in $ uniq [option] data the given data
Variations
Syntax
Removes adjacent repeated lines and prints $ uniq file_name the output Prints only uniq lines Prints only duplicate lines
$ uniq u file_name $ uniq d file_name
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Text Processing Commands (7/7)
Command Description cmp Used to compare two files Pinpoints only the first difference between two files Used to compare two files Can be applied only on sorted files Give the result in three columns: First column: Data unique to first file Second column: Data unique to second file Third column: Data common in both the files
Syntax $ cmp file1 file2
comm
$ comm file1 file2
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Self Study: Text Processing Commands Demo
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Can you answer these questions?
What should be the command: To count the number of directories and files present in the current working directory To count the number of blank lines (lines without text) in a file To display the first 8 lines from a file To display only the 4th line from a file
or PID In general, each process is started by another, known as parent process. So every process is also have one parent process identifier or PPID 16
Process related Commands (1/2)
Command Description Displays the list of processes submitted to kernel Used to see the status of background jobs Used to bring any background job in foreground
Syntax & important variations
$ ps $ ps f :Full Listing showing PPID $ ps e :Including user and system processes $ bg $ fg %JobID OR fg #PID
ps
bg fg
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Process related Commands (2/2)
Command Description nice nohup Execute a command with updated scheduling priority Executes the command in background even after log out from the session Used to send a signal to a particular process
Command Description df du Prints file system disk space usage Estimates file space use
Syntax & important variations $ df [FILE] $ du [FILE]
df command It will display the information about the blocks of different file systems installed on our system. OR It will give the information about in which particular file system the specified file or directory is available. 19
du command It will display the block used by all the directories and sub-directories available under the present working directory. OR It will display the block used by the specified file or directory.
Compression Utilities
Compression Utilities Command Description Utility for compression and gzip decompression of files Compressed files have .gz extension Used to view the content of compressed file Used to view the content of compressed file pagewise Utility for decompression of files having extension .gz Same as gzip d Creates a tape archive file Extracts from archive file
$ zmore file1.gz $ gunzip file1.gz $ tar -cvf file1.tar file1 $ tar -xvf file1.tar
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Self Study: Compression Utilities Demo
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Can you answer these questions?
Differentiate between bg and fg commands. Differentiate between df and du commands. Harry has a directory named Dir1 containing 872 files. James wants to use Dir1. How will Harry send this through mail to James?
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Summary Text Processing Commands. Process related Commands Memory related Commands Compression Commands
