Day 4

AMIT CHAWLA SHIVAM DIKSHIT
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TODAYS CONTENTS
RESISTORS CAPACITORS DIODES
SWITCHES
LED SEVEN SEGMENT LCD
RELAY
RESISTOR
Resistance is the tendency to resist or oppose. It is an electrical component that limits the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a circuit. Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied across its terminals to the current passing through it.
PIN DIAGRAM
COLOUR CODE OF A RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
Capacitor is a passive component used to store charge. The charge (q) stored in a capacitor is the product of its capacitance (C) value and the voltage (V) applied to it. Q=C*V The capacitor reactance depends on frequency of signal applied to it. Xc =

Capacitors are used for smoothing power supply variations
CAPACITOR CONTD.
CAPACITOR CONTD.
It stores electric charge and then discharges it into the circuit. It blocks the direct current and allows the alternating current to pass through it.
The unit of capacitance is FARAD.

A capacitor contains two conductor plates which are generally made of metal and an insulator between them. This insulator also known as dielectric is made up of material like paper, plastic, ceramic or glass. The two plates are electrically connected to the external circuit with the help of two thin metal rods also known as the legs of the capacitor.
DIODES
A diode is a unipolar device. Diode is a rectifying device which conducts only from anode to cathode. Diode behaves open circuited for the current flow from cathode to anode. It comprises of diffused PN junction and has low reverse leakage current.
DIODES CONTD.
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DIODES CONTD.
When forward-biased, there is a small amount of voltage necessary to get the diode going. When reverse-biased, an ideal diode would block all current. If enough reverse voltage (V) is applied, the junction breaks down and lets current through.
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SWITCH
Used to make or break electronic circuit.
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SWITCH CONTD.
SPST (single pole, single throw): A basic on/off switch that turns a single circuit on or off. An SPST switch has two terminals: one for the input and one for the output. SPDT (single pole, double throw): An SPDT switch routes one input circuit to one of two output circuits. This type of switch is sometimes called an A/B switch because it lets you choose between two circuits, called A and B. An SPDT switch has three terminals: one for the input and two for the A and B outputs.
DPST (double pole, single throw): A DPST switch turns two circuits on or off. A DPST switch has four terminals: two inputs and two outputs.
DPDT (double pole, double throw): A DPDT switch routes two separate circuits, connecting each of two inputs to one of two outputs. A DPDT switch has six terminals: two for the inputs, two for the A outputs, and two for the B outputs.
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SWITCH CONTD.
SPST
SPDT
DPDT
DPST
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LED(LIGHT EMMITING DIODE)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor light sources. The light emitted from LEDs varies from visible to infrared and ultraviolet regions. They operate on low voltage and power. They are mostly used as indicators in circuits. Based on semiconductor diode, LEDs emit photons when electrons recombine with holes on forward biasing.
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WORKING OF LED
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WORKING OF LED
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WORKING OF LED
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LED
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SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display digits from 0-9. The most common configuration has an array of eight LEDs arranged in a special pattern to display these digits. They are laid out as a squared-off figure 8. Every LED is assigned a name from 'a' to 'h' and is identified by its name.
LEDs 'a' to 'g' are used to display the numerals while eighth LED 'h' is used to display the dot/decimal.
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A seven segment is generally available in ten pin package.. While eight pins correspond to the eight LEDs, the remaining two pins (at middle) are common and internally shorted.. These segments come in two configurations, namely, Common cathode (CC) and Common anode (CA). In CC configuration, the negative terminals of all LEDs are connected to the common pins.
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The common is connected to ground and a particular LED glows when its corresponding pin is given high. In CA arrangement, the common pin is given a high logic and the LED pins are given low to display a number.
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LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. LCDs are economical. Easily programmable. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.
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This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.
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Pin No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Function Ground (0V) Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V 5.3V) Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor Selects command register when low; and data register when high Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Name Ground Vcc VEE Register Select Read/write Enable DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7 Led+ Led-
8-bit data pins
Backlight VCC (5V) Backlight Ground (0V)
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RELAY SWITCH
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage. The input section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an electronic circuit is applied to it. The output section consists of contactors which connect or disconnect mechanically.
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RELAY SWITCH
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RELAY SWITCH
It consists of five terminals. In a basic relay there are three contactors: normally open (NO), normally closed (NC) and common (COM). At no input state, the COM is connected to NC. When the operating voltage is applied the relay coil gets energized and the COM changes contact to NO. Two terminals are used to give the input DC voltage also known as the operating voltage of the relay.
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Day 4

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AMIT CHAWLA SHIVAM DIKSHIT

COLOUR CODE OF A RESISTOR

Capacitors are used for smoothing power supply variations

The unit of capacitance is FARAD.

LED(LIGHT EMMITING DIODE)

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

8-bit data pins

Backlight VCC (5V) Backlight Ground (0V)

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