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NEW SOUTH WALES

Mathematics Extension 2
Exercise 46/67
by James Coroneos Coroneos*
1. Write the following in simplest form (a) (cos +i sin )9 ; (cos i sin )4 ; (cos 2 i sin 2)3 ; (cos 4 +i sin 4)5 (b) (sin + i cos )4 ; (sin i cos )6 ; (sin + i cos )9 ; (sin i cos )8 2. If z = cos + i sin , express in simplest form 1 (b) z 8 + z18 (c) z 3 z13 (d) z 6 (i) z + z
1 z6

3. Express the following in the form a + ib. 6 3 3 3 4 (a) (cos 3 + i sin 3 ) (b) (cos 4 i sin 4 ) (c) (cos 8 + i sin 8 ) 3 10 5 4 (d) (cos (e) (cos 45 i sin 45 ) (f ) (cos 5 6 + i sin 6 ) 12 + i sin 12 )
4. If z = cos 34 + i sin 34 , express as complex numbers in the form a + ib 4 6 (a) z (b) z (c) z 3 + z13 (d) z 10 z 10

5. Express each of the following in simplest form +i sin )3 (cos i sin )5 (cos 3 +i sin 3 )7 (a) (cos (cos +i sin )4 (b) (cos 2i sin 2)3 (c) (cos 4 i sin 4 )5 (d) 6.
(cos 7 +i sin 7 )(cos +i sin )5 (cos 4 i sin 4 )

(e)

(cos 3 i sin 3 )8 (cos 2 +i sin 2 )7 (cos 5 +i sin 5 )4

(i) Express 1 + i in the form r(cos + i sin ) and hence show that (1 + i)10 is purely imaginary. (ii) Express z = 3 + i in mod-arg form and hence obtain the value of 1/z 12 .

*Other resources by James Coroneos are available. Write to P.O. Box 25, Rose Bay, NSW, 2029, Australia, for a catalogue. Typeset by AMS-T EX. 1

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7.

(i) Simplify the following, expressing each in a + ib form. 3 3 1 9 (a) (2 2 3i) (b) ( 2 2 i) (c) (i 1)7 (ii) Express 1 i 3 in mod-arg form, and hence show it is a sixth root of 64.

8. If w = 1 + i 3, show on the same Argand diagram, the points representing 1 the complex numbers w, w2 , w3 , 1/w, 4w, w, w, iw, w2 + w, w3 w, w 2 9. If z = i 1, show clearly on an Argand diagram, the points representing the 1 2 3 complex numbers z, z , z , 1/z, 2z, z, z, iz, z 2 z, z 3 + z, z 2 10. (i) Express z = i 3 + 1 in the form r(cos + i sin ) and hence express z 11 and z 9 in the form a + ib. (ii) Show that (1 + i)n is real if n is a multiple of 4. (i) By expressing 3+i, 1+i in mod-arg forms, evaluate ( 3+i)50 /(1+i)30 in the form a + ib, where a, b are real. 1+3 3i ab (ii) Show that tan1 (a) tan1 (b) = tan1 ( 1+ ). If z = , nd |z | ab 3+2i 6 and arg z in exact form. Hence evaluate z . and i 3 in the form r(cos + i sin ), and hence (i) Express i 3 n show that (i 3) (i 3)n = i.2n+1 sin 5n 6 . (ii) Show that (1 + i)n + (1 i)n is real for all positive integer values of n. For what positive integer values of n is (1 + i)n + (1 i)n = 0?
1+cos 2 +i sin 2 n (i) Simplify z = 1+cos 2 i sin 2 and prove z = cos 2n = i sin 2n n (ii) Prove that (1+cos + i sin )n +(1+cos i sin )n = 2n+1 cos 2 cos 2

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14. If z = cos n +i sin n and n is a positive integer, prove 1+z +z 2 + +z 2n1 = 0 and 1 + z + z 2 + + z n1 = 1 + i cot 2 n

15. If n is any integer, prove that n (i) (1 + cos 2n + i sin 2n ) = 2n cosn n 2n 2n (ii) (1+ i 3) +(1 i 3) has either the value 22n+1 or 22n , according as to whether n is or is not a multiple of 3.