ECommerce

E-commerce is commonly known as Electronic Commerce. That Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, which involves the transfer of information across the Internet. It covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge. Ecommerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between conventional and electronic commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet. !e can simply say that, E- Commerce is buying and selling of product or service over electronic systems via Internet and others computer networks. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions. E-commerce can be divided into: E-tailing or virtual storefronts gathered into a virtual mall . The gathering and use of demographic data through !eb contacts and social media. Electronic "ata Interchange #E"I$, the business-to-business exchange of data. E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers #for example, with newsletters$. %usiness-to-business buying and selling. The security of business transactions. on !eb sites with online catalogs, sometimes

History of E-commerce
E-commerce&s history is short but fascinating. 'owadays the thought of living without ecommerce seems unfathomable, complicated and an inconvenience to many. It wasn(t until only a few decades ago that the idea of ecommerce had even appeared. Ecommerce was introduced )* years ago and, to this day, continues to grow with new technologies, innovations, and thousands of businesses entering the online market each year. The convenience, safety, and user experience of ecommerce has improved exponentially since its inception in the +,-*(s. This article will address some of the key players and milestones of ecommerce.

Ecommerce Timeline
1960-1982: .aving the way for electric commerce was the development of the Electronic "ata Interchange #E"I$. E"I replaced traditional mailing and faxing of documents with a digital transfer of data from one computer to another. Trading partners could transfer orders, invoices and other business transactions using a data format that met the /'0I /0C 1+2, the predominant set of standards in 'orth /merica. 3nce an order is sent, it is then examined by a 4/' #4alue-/dded 'etwork$ and finally directed to the recipient(s order processing system. E"I allowed the transfer of data seamlessly without any human intervention. 1982-1990: It was apparent from the beginning that %2% online shopping would be commercially lucrative but %2C would not be successful until the later widespread use of .C(s and the !orld !ide !eb, also known as, the Internet. In +,52, 6rance launched the precursor to the Internet called, 7initel. The online service used a 4ideotex terminal machine that was accessed through telephone lines. The 7initel was free to telephone subscribers and connected millions of users to a computing network. %y +,,,, over , million 7initel terminals had been distributed and were connecting approximately 28 million users in this interconnected network of machines. The 7initel system peaked in +,,+ and slowly met its

demise after the success of the Internet 9 years later. Eventually, in 2*++, 6rance Telecom announced its shutdown of the 7initel service system. 0adly, it had not become what it had hoped to be, the Internet.

90s resents: In +,,* Tim %erners :ee along with his friend ;obert Cailliau published a proposal to build a <=ypertext pro>ect? called, <!orld!ide!eb.? The inspiration for this pro>ect was modeled after the "ynatex 0@7: reader licensed by CE;'. That same year, :ee using a 'e1Tcomputer created the first web server and wrote the first web browser. 0hortly thereafter he went on to debut the web on /ug. A, +,,+ as a publicly available service on the Internet. !hen %erner(s :ee decided he would take on the task of marrying hypertext to the Internet in doing that the process led to him developing B;:, =T7: and =TT.. !ome Events in E-Commerce in s"orter vie# $ear +,5) Event E"I, or electronic data interchange, was standardiCed through /0C 1+2. This guaranteed that companies would be able to complete transactions with one another reliably. +,,2 Compuserve offers online retail products to its customers. This gives people the first chance to buy things off their computer. +,,) 'etscape arrived. .roviding users a simple browser to surf the Internet and a safe online transaction technology called 0ecure 0ockets :ayer. +,,8 Two of the biggest names in e-commerce are launched /maCon.com and e%ay.com. +,,5 "0:, or "igital 0ubscriber :ine, provides fast, always-on Internet service to subscribers across California. This prompts people to spend more time, and money, online.

+,,, 2***

;etail spending over the Internet reaches D2* billion, according to %usiness.com. The B.0 government extended the moratorium on Internet taxes until 2**8.

Ty%es of E-commerce
E-commerce types represent a range of various schemas of transactions which are distinguished according to their participants. Bsually E-commerce is divided into three general most well-known types, but the notion is much wider. This article is a try to summariCe all E-commerce types.

Types of Ecommerce

#%2%$ %usiness to %usiness

%2C %usiness to Consumer

#C2C$ Consumer to Consumer

&'siness to &'siness (&2&): %2% stands for %usiness to %usiness. It consists of largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that %uyer and seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer or wholesaler. "ell deals computers and other associated accessories online but it is does not make up all those products. 0o, in govern to deal those products, first step is to purchases them from unlike businesses i.e. the producers of those products.

<It is one of the cost effective way to sell out product throughout the world?

&'siness to Cons'mer (&2C): !hen we hear the term ecommerce, most people think of %2C ecommerce. That is why a name like /maCon.com pops up in most discussions about ecommerce. Elimination of the need for physical stores is the biggest rationale for business to consumer ecommerce. %ut the complexity and cost of logistics can be a barrier to %2C ecommerce growth.

Consumer to Consumer (C2C): 2C or Consumer to Consumer refers to online dealing of good and services between people. The parties are two consumers (individuals). This type of transaction is fulfilled due to online market dealer like auction sites, becoming more and more popular nowadays (for e ample Clickbd).

These three are the most general common !"commerce types. #esides those there are several !"commerce are there.
B2G stands for Business-to-Government (also known as B2A or Business to Administration) C2G stands for Citizen (Consumer)-to-Government (C2A or Consumer to Administration) G2C stands for Government-to-Citizen G2G stands for Government-to-Government G2E stands for Government-to-Employee G2B stands for Government-to-Business

Now in those days there are another popular E- ommer e from up in our daily !asis life" #his one is $-Commer e" $-Commer e% &t deals with ondu tin' the transa tions with the help of mo!ile" #he mo!ile devi e onsumers an intera t ea h other and an lead the !usiness" $o!ile Commer e involves the han'e of ownership or ri'hts to utilize 'oods and related servi es"

E-&an*in+
Electronic banking is an umbrella term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution. The following terms all refer to one form or another of electronic bankingE personal computer #.C$ banking, Internet banking, virtual banking, online banking, home banking, remote electronic banking, and phone were banking. .C banking and Internet or online banking are the most freFuently used designations. It should be noted, however, that the terms used to describe the various types of electronic banking are often used interchangeably. @rowth of E%anking depends on service by country wide and depends on many factors, such as like internet access, futures if online banking, internet connectivity of users etc.

,-&an*in+
7obile banking refers to a client-server system that is specifically designed for mobile devices, allowing banking customers to use handheld devices to access their accounts, pay bills, authoriCe fund transfers, or perform other activities. :ike many other m-commerce services, mobile banking services can be challenging and no single company has all the expertise reFuired to develop and deliver compelling services on its own. 7obile banking #also known as 7-%anking, 070 %anking$ is a term used for performing balance checks, account transactions, payments, credit applications and other banking transactions through a mobile device such as a mobile phone or .ersonal "igital /ssistant #."/$. The earliest mobile banking services were offered over 070. !ith the introduction of the first primitive

smart phones with !/. support enabling the use of the mobile web in +,,,, the first European banks started to offer mobile banking on this platform to their customers. 7obile banking has until recently #2*+*$ most often been performed via 070 or the 7obile !eb. /pple&s initial success with i.hone and the rapid growth of phones based on @oogle&s /ndroid #operating system$ have led to increasing use of special client programs, called apps, downloaded to the mobile device.

,- &an*in+ !cenario in -lobal

7obile banking is used in many parts of the world with little or no infrastructure, especially remote and rural areas. This aspect of mobile commerce is also popular in countries where most of their population is unbanked. In most of these places, banks can only be found in big cities, and customers have to travel hundreds of miles to the nearest bank. In Iran, banks such as .arsian, Te>arat, 7ellat, 0aderat, 0epah, Edbi, and %ankmelli offer the service. %anco Industrial provides the service in @uatemala. CitiCens of 7exico can access mobile banking with 3mnilife, %ancomer and 7.ower 4enture. Genya&s 0afaricom #part of the 4odafone @roup$ has the 7-.esa 0ervice, which is mainly used to transfer limited amounts of money, but increasingly used to pay utility bills as well. In 2**,, Hain launched their own mobile money transfer business, known as H/., in Genya and other /frican countries. In 0omalia, the many telecom companies provide mobile banking, the most prominent being =ormuud Telecom and its H//" service. Telenor .akistan has also launched a mobile banking solution, in coordination with Taameer %ank, under the label Easy .aisa, which was begun in I) 2**,. Eko India 6inancial 0ervices, the business correspondent of 0tate %ank of India #0%I$ and ICICI %ank, provides bank accounts, deposit, withdrawal and remittance services, micro-insurance, and micro-finance facilities to its customers #nearly 5*J of whom are migrants or the unbanked section of the population$ through mobile banking. In a year of 2*+*, mobile banking users soared over +** percent in Genya, China, %raCil and B0/ with 2** percent, +8* percent, ++* percent and +** percent respectively.

,- &an*in+ in &an+lades"

In %angladesh 7obile %anking or 7-banking are rapidly growing. %ecause of there are around +A* million people in %angladesh and were nearly ,* million active mobile phone lines in use at the end of 7arch 2*+2, and two thirds of all %angladeshis over the age of +8 owned a mobile and only +9 per cent have bank accounts. 0o it(s easy to pick up most of the subscriber via mobile phone user. "utch %angla %ank launched the very first mobile banking service in %angladesh on 9+ 7arch 2*++. This service is launched with K/gent( and K'etwork( support from mobile operators, %anglalink and Citycell. %rac %ank :td. 0econdly introduced second mobile bank service in %angladesh named under %Gash. This service +st lunched with ;obi and then @rammenphone and then they sign with %anglalink >oin with them. In %angladesh there are )8 per cent of total population are mobile phone users, with this solution, "utch-%angla %ank and bGash can now reach out to the rural and unbanked population. Bnder the service, any mobile handset with subscription to any of the six existing mobile operators of %angladesh would be able to utiliCe the service. Bnder the mobile banking services, bank-nominated K/gents( perform banking activities on behalf of the banks, like opening mobile banking account, providing cash services #receipts and payments$ and dealing with small credits. Cash withdrawal from a mobile account can also be done from an /T7 validating each transaction by Kmobile phone L .I'( instead of Kcard L .I'(. 3ther services that are being delivered through mobile banking system are person-to-person #e.g. fund transfer$, person-to-business #e.g. merchant payment, utility bill payment$, business-toperson #e.g. salaryMcommission disbursement$, government-to-person #disbursement of government allowance$ transactions.

.dvanta+es of ,obile &an*in+

7obile banking has an edge over internet banking. In case of online banking, we must have an internet connection and a computer. This is a problem in developing countries. =owever, with mobile banking, connectivity is not a problem. !e can find mobile connectivity in the remotest of places also where having an internet connection is a problem. 2. !e can make transactions or pay bills anytime. It saves a lot of time. 7obile banking thorough cell phone is user friendly. The interface is also very simple. !e >ust need to follow the instructions to

make the transaction. It also saves the record of any transactions made. Cell phone banking is cost effective. 4arious banks provide this facility at a lower cost as compared to banking by self. %anking through mobile reduces the risk of fraud. Nou will get an 070 whenever there is an activity in your account. This includes deposits, cash withdrawals, funds transfer etc. Nou will get a notice as soon as any amount is deducted or deposited in your account.

/isadvanta+e if ,obile &an*in+

0ecurity experts generally agree that mobile banking is safer than computer banking because very few viruses and Tro>ans exist for phones. That does not mean mobile banking is immune to security threats, however. 7obile users are especially susceptible to a phishing-like scam called smashing. It happens when a mobile banking user receives a fake text message asking for bank account details from a hacker posing as a financial institution. 7any people have fallen for this trick and had money stolen through this scam. 7obile banking is not available on every device. 0ome banks do not provide mobile banking at all. 3thers reFuire you to use a custom mobile banking application only available on the most popular smart phones, such as the /pple i.hone and ;I7 %lackberry. Third-party mobile banking software is not always supported. If you do not own a smart phone, the types of mobile banking you can do are usually limited. Checking bank account balances via text message is not a problem, but more advanced features such as account transfers are generally not available to users of dumb phones.

&rac &an* 0imited1

%;/C %ank :imited is one of the leading private banks in %angladesh. %;/C %ank has received the commercial banking license from %angladesh %ank in 2**+. 0ince then it has established its name and branding with its Fuality of service and products. In a very short time %;/C %ank became one of the successful and fastest growing private bank in %angladesh. %;/C %ank is owned partially by %;/C, the largest non-government organiCation in the world, International 6inance Corporation #I6C$, the private sector arm of The !orld %ank @roup, and 0hore Cap International. The head office of the bank is situated at @ulshan, "haka. %;/C %ank operates their business in whole %angladesh. %;/C %ank is expanding its branch network rapidly throughout the country.

Currently, %;/C %ank has +** %ranches, A* 07E 0ervice Centers, 9 07EMGrishi %ranches, more than 9** /T7s and )2) 07E Bnit offices across the country. It has disbursed over %"T +*,*** cores of 07E loan and has over 8**,*** individual customers who access online banking facilities. Its services cuts across all strata of clientele be it corporate, retail or 07E. %;/C %ank provides all sort of banking service to the mass people of %angladesh. /mong them, %;/C %ank is well known for its 07E %anking in %angladesh. 0ervices .rovided %y %;/C %ankE 07E %anking 7-banking Corporate L Institutional %anking ;etail %anking %anking 0ervices for 'on-;esident %angladeshi #';%$

b2as"

bGash :imited #a subsidiary of %;/C %ank$ is a >oint venture between %;/C %ank :imited, %angladesh, and 7oney in 7otion ::C, B0/. The ultimate ob>ective of bGash is to ensure access to a broader range of financial services for the people of %angladesh. It has a special focus to serve the low income masses of the country to achieve broader financial inclusion by providing services that are convenient, affordable and reliable.

7ore than -*J of the population of %angladesh lives in rural areas where access to formal financial services is difficult. Net these are the people who are in most need of such services, either for receiving funds from loved ones in distant locations, or to access financial tools to improve their economic condition. :ess than +8J of %angladeshis are connected to the formal banking system whereas over 8*J has mobile phones. These phones are not merely devices for talking, but can be used for more useful and sophisticated processing tasks. bGash was conceived primarily to utiliCe these mobile devices and the omnipresent telecom networks to extend financial services in a secure manner to the under-served remote population of %angladesh.

,ission
%y providing financial services that are convenient, affordable and reliable, bGash aims to widen the net of financial inclusion. bGash wants to provide a solution for mobile financial services, built on a highly scalable mobile money platform, allowing people of %angladesh to safely send and receive money via mobile devices.

3ision
bGash wants to build a highly scalable mobile money platform, allowing people of %angladesh to safely store, transfer, and receive money via their mobile phone. %y providing financial services that are convenient, affordable, and reliable, bGash aims to widen the net of financial inclusion.

b2as" ,obile 4inancial !ervice

%angladesh(s first complete mobile financial service provider, bGash :imited, a %;/C %ank subsidiary. bGash is designed to provide financial services via mobile phones to both the unbanked and the banked people of %angladesh. The overall bGash value proposition is simpleE a safe, convenient place to store moneyO a safe, easy way to make payments and money transfers. The bGash mobile wallet, a 4I0/ technology platform which is fully encrypted to ensure most secure transactions, will be the customer account into which money can be deposited and out of which money can be withdrawn or used for various services. Customers will be

able to receive electronic money into their bGash accounts through salary, loan, domestic remittance, and other disbursements and eventually will cash out the electronic money at any of the hundreds of cash out agents which bGash assign. bGash provides a wonderful opportunity for millions of unbanked people who have a cell phone to have a bank account where they will be able to deposit, pay out and transfer funds as they wish safely and securely, said 0ir 6aCle =asan /bed, chairperson and founder of %;/C, special guest of honor at the event. bGash .artners In 6ebruary 2*++, mobile operator ;obi /xiata :imited signed a partnership agreement with bGash to provide access to its services for ;obi subscribers and extend the distribution of the service. bGash(s other distribution partner is %;/C which provides a local presence to offer the bGash service at the vicinity of the beneficiaries. bGash has already selected over 8** agents and is adding hundreds of new agents to its network every month. In addition, bGash has signed an 73B with :@" and /2I to use their )8*+ Bnion Information L 0ervice Centers to make financial services accessible to people who currently don(t have access to banks. @rameenphone :td. and bGash >ointly launched bGash mobile financial services for @rameenphone customers on Panuary +5, 2*+2 at the !estin "haka. This service launch will enable a @rameenphone customer with a registered bGash account to access and avail bGash mobile financial services from their mobile handset, from anywhere in %angladesh. In /ugust +), 2*+2, 3rascom Telecom %angladesh :imited #%anglalink$ and bGash >ointly launched bGash mobile financial services for %anglalink customers.. %anglalink subscribers can now register bGash accounts and access bGash mobile financial services through their %anglalink phones from anywhere in %angladesh.

bkash .roduct L 0ervice

Cash In Cash 3ut

0end 7oney .ayment /T7 cash out

bGash 0oftware
%kash use 6andamon as their core money transfer software. 6undamo Enterprise Edition has been architected and developed as a &@eneration 2& platform, meeting the demands of a mainstream, high growth industry. It follows four previous ma>or releases of the technology, so is inherently mature, harnessing over ten years of business and operational experience in many emerging markets with many different business models for both mobile network operators and banks. The platform enables these institutions to launch services that meet both their immediate and long-term strategic goals. Its configurability supports the fast &go-to-market& needs of the industry, whilst providing the security and scalability reFuired in high volume financial transacting environments. It is feature and function rich and easily connectable to the ecosystem.

6undamo Enterprise Edition works on and supportsE

3racle 0tack - 3racle "atabase ++g ;elease 2 - 3racle 0olaris +*, 3racle 0olaris ++ - @lassfish 2.+.+ I%7 0tack - /I1 A.+ - "%2 ,.- !ebsphere -

b2as" 5et#or*in+ E6'i%ment

bGash "ata Center are eFuipped with world(s number one networking eFuipment(s from CI0C3. CI0C3 is the leading supplier of networking eFuipment and network management for the internet. .roducts include routers, hubsO Ethernet etc. bGash is using its network devices from CI0C3. The networking devices areE 95)8 Integrated 0ervices ;outer 25++ Integrated 0ervices ;outer +5)+ Integrated 0ervices ;outer Catalyst )8*-; 0witch Catalyst 98A*@-)5T0-E 0witch Catalyst 2,A*-2)TT-: 0witch Catalyst 2,A*-2):T-: 0witch /0/ 882* 6irewall 0ecurity 7onitoring, /nalysis, and ;esponse 0ystem #7/;0$ 88 0eries )2)*-"C Intrusion .revention 0ensor #I.0$

/atabase !ystem of b2as"

%kash use the world advanced database software system 4I0/. 6undamo and 4I0/ >ointly handle 0oftware management system and database system. The bGash mobile wallet, a 4I0/ technology platform which is fully encrypted to ensure most secure transactions, will be the customer account into which money can be deposited and out of which money can be withdrawn or used for various services.

.'t"entication Tec"nolo+y of b2as"

5et#or* !ec'rity
bGash is having the =0: #host security module$ which provides a wide range of cryptographic operations, such as data encryption and secure key storage for applications servers using TC.MI.. 6irewall is configured to ensure secuirity. /nti-4irus software is installed centrally and all workstation is connected to anti-virus server for daily update.

&ac*-7%:
bGash has set-up ";0 #"isaster ;ecovery 0ite$ for their banking system. / set of servers and B.0 identical to the data center are installed at ";0. In case the data center is destroyed for any reason, the ";0 will take over the control of the branches, /T7s , .30 terminal and internet banking.

Concl'sion
.eople using mobile are increasing each passing day in our country. /nd there is a bright future for mobile banking in our country. bGash is one of the most technologically advanced mobile financial service of our country. They almost have all kinds of banking and money transfer service. They always give their full support and priority to customers. They are always researching to bring something new to our country which is very good for our country and needs the most. There is always a room for improvement. 0o our recommendation will beE

Create a separate management system for employee information. Create a separate homepage for online user. Create a call center for their customers. Employees should be taught more about 0oftwareM7anagement system of the %ank.