Fuel injection system of J7T

Empirically assigned experiences with the fuel injection system of the J7T engine employed in J117, and J636, J637 !"! gasoline with catalytic con#erter$" The fuel injection system of the J7T engine is computer controlled and is a multi point injection system with one injector per cylinder" This diagram shows the fuel and air flow for one cylinder%

Fuel control system

The computer controls%

&uel injectors 'dle speed #al#e 'gnition timing

This is in fact three seperate control (loc)s%

&uel injection control, which controls the fuel mixture (ased on #arious sensor information 'dle control 'gnition control

Engine room of J117 showing inlet manifold, inlet valve, fuel rail connected to fuel injectors (next to spark plugs), and connector for inlet temperature sensor.

Fuel injection control system

The fuel injection control is a computer controlled regulation system, which controls the fuel injectors" The four fuel injectors open at the same time, displacing a (it of fuel into the four (ranches of the inlet manifold, which is lead into the cylinder when the #al#e opens" This is possi(le (ecause the fuel is under pressure (y the fuel pump, and with the proper pressure at the inlet, the injector will lead a certain amount of fuel per milisecond the injector is open, into the manifold" *ow much fuel to let in is controlled (y four #alues%

The a(solute manifold pressure +,-$ The inlet air temperature The lam(da oxygen$ sensor in the exhaust

Engine re#olution count

The +,- sensor, along with the engine re#olution count and (uilt in )nowledge a(out the (ore and stro)e of the engine, tells the computer how much air is passing into the cylinder per second, and the correct amount of fuel can then (e calculated to gi#e an ideal fuel.air mixture" The oxygen sensor tells the computer if the mixture is too lean or too rich - it oscillates (etween one and the other when the computer is wor)ing optimally" 't is used to adjust the constants used in the calculation of injector timing to ensure as good-as-possi(le mixture of air and fuel" This is the most important part of fuel control with a warm engine" There are two special cases of fuel control% /hen the engine is cold and a richer mixture must (e used to )eep the engine running, and when the engine is idling"

he !"d from #$% &'() in action on a J117. *ote that ignition angle is displa+ed incorrectl+ on this model. he ,ms, value is injector open time. *ote that the mixture is fairl+ rich here -ecause the engine is still cold (1. deg &).

(nside of E&/ from 100.. *ote the microcontroller, which is a variant of a 1 1'2 3451 with 6 k "71, 10. -+tes "$1, .0 (87 lines and timer. (n the 1047 version from "enix, the component used is an % E#3451/6)9. *ote also the power transistors -racketed to the case of cast aluminum. he pc- is la:uered to cope with wet environment.

Idle control system

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Ignition control system

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Sensors and actuators

Idle speed valve
0ne fre1uently encountered source of pro(lems with this engine is the idle speed #al#e" This #al#e (ypasses the main air #al#e as controlled (y the gas pedal$ and is controlled (y the computer to supply the engine with air when the gas pedal is not operated" The drawing (elow shows the function of the regulator%

$ir enters at the rightmost -lue arrow and exits at the leftmost -lue arrow. he spindle can rotate a :uater of a turn. he rotation is controlled -+ the motor in the valve. he red arrow indicates the turn direction for closing the valve.

he inside of a 17 +ear old idle speed regulator showing a rust+ motor.

The regulator is located to the right of the engine right (ehind the radiator" 'n the #iew of the engine room a(o#e, it is not #isi(le" 't is connected with an airtu(e connected to the exit of the air filter and another air tu(e, which is connected to the underside of the fuel injection system" 2ymptomps of pro(lems with the idle speed regulator are%

Too high idle speed Too low idle speed 3nsta(le idle speed Engine start pro(lems

/ith a wor)ing regulator, the engine clim(s 1uic)ly to a(out 1!44 rpm after ignition, and returns to 564 rpm after some time warm engine$"

, simple (ut not definiti#e way to diagnose it is to disconnect the air tu(e which is feeding air into the regulator and loo) with a lamp to see if the #al#e opens and closes during engine start and load" The engine can (e loaded in idle (y turning the steering wheel, thus loading the ser#o pump"$ The #al#e consists of two coils connected to a common terminal, thus three terminals in all" The common is pulled to (attery 7" The computer controls the two other terminals" 0ne coil pulls the #al#e close, the other pulls it open" '8m not sure how it8s controlled, (ut ' suspect it8s done (y short pulses% , short pulse on the closing coil closes the #al#e a (it" *ow much is determined (y the length of the pulse" , long pulse closes it completely" 'f this is the case, it8s not so strange that a (it of rust can ruin it completely - dry friction )ills such a principle9

Water temperature sensor

,nother source of pro(lems in fuel injection systems is the water temperature sensor" 't sits on the thermostat just a(o#e and in front of the exhaust manifold" 2ymptoms of pro(lems with it include%

:ifficult to start the engine Too high idle speed with warm engine

't8s a thermistor, so measuring its resistance should (e an easy way to diagnose it"

Lambda (oxygen sensor

The lam(da sensor measures the amount of remaining oxygen in the exhaust gas" 't is used to adjust the timing of the injectors to o(tain the perfect fuel.air mixture for the engine at the gi#en temperature.+,-.re#s" 'f it doesn8t wor) properly, the measurement of ;0 in the exhaust will (e too high" There are two different lam(da sensors in Espace% 0ne wire sensors and three wire sensors" The latter has a (uilt in heating element so that the sensor reaches it8s operating temperature 1uic)er a(out 644 deg ;$"

*ow to test the lam(da sensor%

;onnect an oscilloscope to the output line of the sensor" <round the pro(e to the chassis" 'f you do not ha#e an oscilloscope, a fast analogue transistor-#oltmeter may do the jo(, howe#er it8s critical that input impedance is high"

2tart the engine" ,fter some minutes the sensor reaches it8s operating temperature and starts producing an output (etween 4= and 1"1=" /hen the sensor is fully heated, it starts oscillating (etween 4= and 4"6= - 4"5=" The oscillations will ha#e a period of a(out !-3 seconds" This is the computer adjusting the fuel mixture (etween lean and rich" The sensor is #ery sensiti#e, so the theoretical optimum of 4">6= is ne#er achie#ed"

'f the sensor shows constant 4= it8s defecti#e" 'f it doesn8t reach at least 4"6=, it8s pro(a(ly defecti#e too"