Department of Computer Engineering& Information Technology

Lecture (13) Polygon, Polyline and donut

Issued by
Assistant Lecturer

Ameer Mosa Thoeny

1-POLYGON:
The POLYGON command enables you to draw multi-sided, closed figures with equal side lengths. You can draw polygons that have from 3 to 1,024 sides. To draw a polygon, choose Polygon from the Draw toolbar. First specify the number of sides. Then choose one of three methods of defining the polygon. There are three ways to draw polygon

1. Edge option:
Choose the Edge option. Specify the two endpoints of any edge of the polygon to complete the polygon.

The command syntax for copy is as follows: Command: polygon Enter number of sides <5>: 5 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e Specify first endpoint of edge: 10,10 Specify second endpoint of edge: 20,20

2. Inscribed in circle:
After specifying the center, choose Inscribed in Circle. Then specify the radius from the center to a vertex (point). This defines the polygon with reference to an imaginary circle whose circumference touches all the vertices of the polygon.
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The command syntax for copy is as follows: Command: polygon Enter number of sides <4>: 5 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 20,20 Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:I Specify radius of circle: 10

3. Circumscribed about circle:

After specifying the center, choose Circumscribed about Circle. Then specify the radius from the center to the midpoint of a side. This defines the polygon with reference to an imaginary circle whose circumference touches all the midpoints of the polygons sides.

The command syntax for copy is as follows: Command: polygon Enter number of sides <5>: 5 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 20,20 Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: c Specify radius of circle: 10
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2-PLOLYLINE:

The command syntax for copy is as follows:

Command: pline Specify start point: 0,0 Current line-width is 2.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w Specify starting width <2.0000>: 2 Specify ending width <2.0000>: 2 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 20,20 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 40,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 60,20 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 80,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 100,20 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:enter

Command: pline Specify start point: 0,0 Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w Specify starting width <4.0000>: 2 Specify ending width <2.0000>: 10 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 60,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 120,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 4

Command: pline Specify start point: 0,0 Current line-width is 10.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w Specify starting width <10.0000>: 2 Specify ending width <2.0000>: 10 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 60,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w Specify starting width <10.0000>: 2 Specify ending width <2.0000>: 10 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 120,0 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:

3-Making Donuts
A donut is a wide polyline that looks like two concentric circles. You define a diameter for the inner and outer circles. Donuts are often used in electrical drawings to create symbols. If the inner circles radius is zero, you create a filled-in circle.

The real view of donut as below:

The command syntax for copy is as follows: Command: donut Specify inside diameter of donut <1.0000>: 20 Specify outside diameter of donut <5.0000>: 80 Specify center of donut or <exit>: 10,10 Specify center of donut or <exit>:

Department of Computer Engineering& Information Technology

Lecture (14)
Create Region and Boolean command: Union Subtract Intersect

Issued by
Assistant Lecturer

Ameer Mosa Thoeny

1) REGION: Regions are two-dimensional surfaces.

The region command converts one object or a set of objects forming a closed shape into one object called a Region. This similar to the way in which a set of objects (lines, arcs, plines, etc.) forming a closed shape and having matching and points can be converted into a closed pline. A region, however, has special properties: 1. Several regions can be combined with Boolean operations known as union, subtract, and intersect to form a composite region. 2. A region is considered a planer surface. Region can be used with surface modeling.

The appearance of the object does not change after the conversion, even though the resulting shape is one object. Although the region appears to be no different than a closed pline, it is more powerful because several regions can be combined to form complex shapes (composite regions) using the three Boolean operations. And our drawing can calculate more information from regions than from polylines, such as the centroid, moments of inertia, and other properties relating to mass. You can also create complex shapes by combining, subtracting, and intersecting regions. Although these commands are most often used for 3D drawing, theyre often used in 2D drawing as a preparation for 3D drawing. Consider the shape below composed of four connecting lines, using region combines the shape into one object, a region.

To create a region, choose Region from the Draw toolbar. The prompt asks you to select objects. Select all of the objects and press Enter to end object selection.

Our can be creating using region command as shown below: Command: region Select objects: pick L1 Select objects: pick L2 Select objects: pick L3 Select objects: pick L4 Select objects: enter 1 region created.

2) Boolean commands:
The Boolean operators, union, subtract, intersect, can be used within regions as well as solids. Any number of these commands can be used with regions to form complex geometry. The first step is to convert the lines and circle to region, then union, subtract, intersect can be used.

a. Union:
Union combines two or more regions (or solids) into one region or (solids). Invoking union causes AutoCAD to prompt you to select objects. You can only existing regions (or solids). We can use it as shown below:

Command: union Select objects: pick (region) Select objects: pick (region) Select objects: enter

Before union

After union The selected regions are combined into one composite region.
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b. Subtract:
Subtract enables you to remove on region (or set of regions) from another. The regions must be created before using subtract (or another Boolean operator). Subtract also works with solids (as do the other Boolean operations). There are two steps to subtract: 1) Select the region or set of regions to subtract from ( these that you with to keep). 2) Select the region to subtract (these you want to remove). We can use it as shown below:

Command: subtract Select objects: pick Select objects: enter Select regions to subtract Select objects: pick Select objects: enter

Before union

After union
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c. Intersect:
Intersect is the Boolean operator that finds the common area from two or more regions. We can use it as shown below:

Command: intersect Select objects: pick Select objects: pick Select objects: enter

Before union

After union

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Exercise: Create the drawing below using (rectangular and circle) drawing command Then use region and Boolean command to modify it?

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Department of Computer Engineering& Information Technology

Lecture (15)
Dimensions Linear, Aligned, diameter, radius, Angular and Style Manager

Issued by
Assistant Lecturer

Ameer Mosa Thoeny

13

Working with Dimensions:

Dimensioning is usually done after you complete all or most of a drawing. When you dimension a drawing all at once, you can create a unified, organized look for your dimensions.

The elements of a dimension:

A dimension is a complex object, containing many parts. Understanding these parts and how they relate to the object youre dimensioning is an important first step. Figure below shows a typical linear dimension.

Extension lines: These extend from the dimensioned object to the dimension line and arrowheads. Dimension text: This tells you the actual measurement of the dimensioned object. You can format this text in decimals, fractions, scientific units, and so on. Dimension line: This extends between the extension lines. Arrowheads: These mark the intersection of the dimension line and the extension lines. They can take several forms, such as tick marks, open arrows, or dots.
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1)

Linear Dimensions

Just as the most common objects are lines, the most common dimensions are linear dimensions. Use linear dimensions for lines, a straight segment of a polyline, or a straight segment in a block. You can also use a linear dimension for arcs and circles you get the linear length of the arc (not its perimeter length) and the diameter of the circle.

Specifying the linear dimensioned object

To dimension a line, choose Linear Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions linear.

Command: dimlinear Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: pick Specify second extension line origin: pick Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: pick Dimension text = 24.7411

2)

Aligned Dimensions

When you want to dimension a linear object that is not orthogonal, use an aligned dimension. The dimension lines of an aligned dimension are always parallel to the object, unlike rotated dimensions. An aligned dimension measures the actual length of the object, not a vertical or horizontal distance that you dimension with a linear dimension.
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Specifying the Aligned dimensioned object

To dimension a non orthogonal line, choose Aligned Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions Aligned.

Command: dimaligned Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: pick Specify second extension line origin: pick Specify dimension line location or[Mtext/Text/Angle]: pick Dimension text = 21

Dimensioning Arcs and Circles

3) diameter dimensions
When you want to dimension of an arc or circle objects, use an diameter dimension.

Specifying the circle diameter dimension

To dimension a circle diameter, choose diameter Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions diameter.
Command: dimdiameter Select arc or circle: pick Dimension text = 8

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4)

Radius dimensions

When you want to dimension of an arc or circle objects, use a radius dimension.

Specifying the circle radius dimension

To dimension a circle radius, choose radius Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions radius.
Command: dimradius Select arc or circle: pick Dimension text = 4

5)

Marking arc and circle centers

Circle and arc centers are often marked in mechanical drawings because the center is an important aspect of a circle or arc but is not obvious without a mark. You set the size and type of mark when you create a dimension style.

Specifying the Center Mark dimensioned object

To dimension a center mark, choose center Mark Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions center Mark.

Command: dimcenter Select arc or circle: pick

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6)

Angular dimensions

When you want to dimension of an arc or angle objects, use an angular dimension.

Specifying the Angular dimension

To dimension a angel or arc, choose angular Dimension from the Dimension toolbar or from standard bar- dimensions angular.
Command: dimangular Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: pick Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: pick Dimension text = 136

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Understanding Dimension Styles

You should create your dimension styles before dimensioning. In general, you create a dimension style, save it in your template drawings, and (you hope) rarely have to deal with it again. To create a dimension style, choose Dimension Style from the Dimension toolbar to open the Dimension Style Manager, or from standard bardimensions style.

To create a new style, click New to open the Create New Dimension Style dialog box.

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Then specify the wanted parameters as below:

The New Dimension Style dialog box has the following tabs: Lines: Sets specifications for dimension lines and extension lines. Symbols and Arrows: Sets specifications for arrowheads, center marks, the arc length symbol and the jog angle for dimensioning large radii. Text: Determines the appearance, placement, and alignment of dimension text. Fit: Sets how text and arrows fit inside narrow dimensions, as well as where text is placed when it doesnt fit in its default position. This tab also allows you to set the scale factor for dimension features, and whether to place a dimension line inside narrow dimensions. Primary Units: Determines the format and precision for the primary measuring unit for both linear and angular dimensions. Alternate Units: Determines the format and precision for secondary units, if turned on (such as metric measurements if your primary units are English, or vice versa). Tolerances: Formats tolerances.
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NOTE: a. Changing line type done from properties bar.

b. Change precision then, right click on dimension precision -0 As shown below:

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Department of Computer Engineering& Information Technology

Lecture (16)
Rotate and Explode

Issued by
Assistant Lecturer

Ameer Mosa Thoeny

22

1. Rotating objects:
You can easily rotate an object or objects around a base point that you specify. The base point is usually an object snap point on the object. To indicate the rotation, specify an angle of rotation. As explained before, zero degrees is generally to the right, and degrees increase counterclockwise, although you can change this convention.

How to rotate object:

1. To rotate an object, choose Rotate from the Modify toolbar and select an object. Alternatively, select an object and then choose Rotate from the Modify toolbar. 2. By the prompt using command: Rotate

Methods use Rotate command:

There are two ways to run rotate command as shown below:
1. Using normal rotate from 0 angles on right side and counterclockwise: Command: rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: pick Select objects: enter Specify base point: pick Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 90

Before rotate

After rotate

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2. Using reference option to determine new 0 angle according specify angle or two point: Command: rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: pick Select objects: enter Specify base point: pick Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: r Specify the reference angle <0>: Specify second point: Specify the new angle: 90

Before rotate

After rotate

2. Explode command:
You can explode object into their original objects. You may need to do this to edit it.

How to explode object:

1. To rotate an object, choose explode from the Modify toolbar and select an object. Alternatively, select an object and then choose Rotate from the Modify toolbar. 2. By the prompt using command: explode

Methods use explodes command:

There are two ways to run rotate command as shown below:
Command: explode Select objects: pick

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Exercise1: use polygon command, explode and rotate to drawing the following shape, where the circle radius of outer polygon is 10unit and the circle radius of inner polygon is 4.5unit:

Exercise2: draw the following shape using suitable command:

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