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GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Chemistry B (Salters) (H035, H435) Chemistry units F331F336
The information in this sheet is for the use of candidates following Chemistry B (Salters) H035 and H435 A copy of this sheet will be included as an insert with each unit paper. Copies of this sheet may be used for teaching.
Diagram to illustrate protein synthesis His Leu tRNA G A C Ribosome Val tRNA C A G Glu Ala tRNA C C U U G G
tRNA
C U G G U C G A A G C C mRNA
ADAPTED FROM SALTERS ADVANCED CHEMISTRY: CHEMICAL STORYLINES BY GEORGE BURTON. REPRINTED BY PERMISSION OF HARCOURT EDUCATION OCR 2009 GCE Chemistry B (Salters) (Blue)
DC (SLM)10218
Characteristic infrared absorption in organic molecules bond C H location alkanes alkenes, arenes alkynes alkenes arenes C C C O alkynes aldehydes ketones carboxylic acids esters amides alcohols, ethers, esters nitriles fluoroalkanes chloroalkanes bromoalkanes alcohols, phenols *alcohols, phenols *carboxylic acids primary amines amides wavenumber/cm1 28502950 30003100 ca. 3300 16201680 several peaks in range 14501650 21002260 17201740 17051725 17001725 17351750 16301700 10501300 22002260 10001400 600800 500600 36003640 32003600 25003200 33003500 ca. 3500 intensity MS MS S M variable M S S S S M S M S S S S S (broad) M (broad) MS M M medium S strong * hydrogen bonded
C C C
O N F
Some useful organic reactions 1 2 3 4 RBr + CN RCN RCHO R R' NO2 5 Sn + conc. HCl reflux 6 7 RCOOH + SCl2O NaBr/ c.H2SO4 ROH RBr
OCR 2009 GCE Chemistry B (Salters) (Blue)
RCN + Br
NaBH4
Chemical shifts for some types of protons (1H) in NMR spectra Chemical shifts are for hydrogen (1H) relative to TMS (tetramethylsilane). They are typical values and can vary slightly depending on the solvent, concentration and substituents. type of proton CH3 C chemical shift, d/ppm 0.71.6 H C C CH2 C CH C C CH C O CH arbonyls c esters amides acids 2.02.7 C OH 0.54.5* 1.42.3 C CHO 9.410.0 type of proton chemical shift, d/ppm 6.48.2
N amines amides
2.32.9 OH 2.33.0 C NH
4.510.0*
1.05.0*
CH CH
3.04.2 4.56.0
CO
OH
9.015.0*
*these signals are very variable (sometimes outside these limits) and often broad.
HO O O OH
HO OH O OH H
P OH
OH
phosphate
ribose
deoxyribose
uracil
cytosine
adenine
guanine
1 H
10.8
boron
0 He
4.0
Key
1
helium
2 19.0
6.9
lithium
Li
5 28.1
silicon carbon
3 27.0
aluminium
beryllium
Be
6
nitrogen
9.0
atomic symbol
7 31.0
phosphorus
name
12.0
14.0
16.0
oxygen
fluorine
F
32.1
20.2
Ne
9 35.5
neon
10
23.0
sodium
Na
13 14 52.0
chromium
24.3
11
magnesium
Mg
54.9
manganese
Al
72.6
germanium
Si
12
15
sulfur
S
74.9
16
chlorine
Cl
79.0
39.9 17
argon
Ar
79.9
18
39.1
potassium
K
24 [98]
technetium
40.1
19 95.9
molybdenum
calcium
Ca
25 101.1
ruthenium
45.0
20
scandium
Sc
26
iron cobalt
47.9
21
titanium
Ti
27 106.4
palladium nickel
50.9
22
vanadium
V
28 107.9
copper
Cr
29 112.4
cadmium zinc
Mn
30
gallium
55.8
Fe
31 102.9
rhodium
58.9
Co
114.8
indium
58.7
Ni
63.5
Cu
65.4
Zn
69.7
Ga
Ge
23
32
arsenic
As
118.7
33
selenium
Se
121.8
34
bromine
Br
127.6
83.8 35
krypton
Kr
126.9
36
85.5
rubidium
Rb
42 186.2
rhenium
87.6
37 183.8
tungsten
strontium
Sr
43 190.2
osmium
88.9
38
yttrium
Y
44 192.2
iridium
91.2
39
zirconium
Zr
45 195.1
platinum
92.9
40
niobium
Nb
46 197.0
silver
Mo
47 48 200.6
mercury
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
49 204.4
41
50
tin
antimony
Sb
207.2
51
tellurium
Te
209.0
52
iodine
I
Tl Pb Bi
[209]
131.3 53
xenon
Xe
[210]
54
132.9
caesium
Cs
74 [264]
bohrium
137.3
55 [266]
seaborgium
barium
Ba
75 [277]
hassium
138.9
56
lanthanum
La*
76 [268]
meitnerium
178.5
57
hafnium
Hf
77 [271] 78
gold
180.9
72
tantalum
Ta
79 [272]
Re
Os
Ir
Pt Au Ds Rg
Hg
73
80
thallium
81
lead
82
bismuth
83
polonium
Po
84
astatine
At
[222] 85
radon
Rn
86
[223]
francium
Fr
106 107 108 109 110
[226]
87
radium
Ra
[227]
88
actinium
Ac*
[261]
89
rutherfordium
Rf
[262]
104
dubnium
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
105
darmstadtium roentgenium
111
Elements with atomic numbers 112116 have been reported but not fully authenticated
140.1
neodymium
cerium
Ce
60 [237]
neptunium promethium
140.9
58 238.1
uranium
praseodymium
Pr
61
samarium
144.2
Nd
62 [242]
plutonium
144.9
Pm
150.4
Sm
152.0
europium
Eu
157.2 63
gadolinium
Gd
[243]
158.9 64
terbium
Tb
[247]
162.5 65
dysprosium
Dy
[245]
164.9 66
holmium
Ho
[251]
167.3 67
erbium
Er
[254]
168.9 68
thulium
Tm
[253]
173.0 69
ytterbium
Yb
[256]
175.0 70
lutetium
Lu
[254]
59
71
232.0
thorium
Th
92 93
[231]
90
protactinium
Pa
Np
Pu
91
94
americium
Am
95
curium
Cm
96
berkelium
Bk
97
californium
Cf
98
einsteinium
Es
99
fermium
Fm
100
mendelevium
Md
101
nobelium
No
[257] 102
lawrencium
Lr
103