B%GM%B (CW)B%

1
%.
%tk!22*@&%+E%E@33%!J%$d

ISBN 7 - 80156 - 323 - 9

q B IffE%*@%f,
2002.8

k%&?%$k%%!noo Z + @ f 4bk& H % % , $%
G&11~EW:J5?~k+JA%Z%~IJP%%-8-H~&P:kti:Ato
Ac"?,33&3%9$iikfhF%9
%a%
%3&3$9%1'k%4%46 iL+m&FZ%&o 3&3$&E4bA%%$&SE
&EL&, $I%&.?
c b , eo, NH, %, R
9b
0 rRjkkc"?,?@%.E%&@&a
w w i ~ % h ~ + ~~ ~4 - k5 .m7. i, z + - i t m u m ~ ~ &I %~ ,~ & 3.5 I Z + - ~ W I
%&@7kT9% % & & % F & ~ & E % AA%EM@%k%+%ik&*Wo
to
@J&%ik%@
%@%lXE%&ik%2ik9
B & Z f i % ; %*&R&%fiik%@% P:k 8 4 & @ 9$D%&
%

&

&

EfTHt%lE, ~ * A G K B ~ & % @ & P % % + X $ *A.. k. &. 7KEH@EH82&

2&@@#b%%tRm&mk,iB%T@&mBj%%@m3Z1EtE&,
jT9wmR%v&@@@mEfTE
l~$ms*~%o
6 4 7 ~ s ~ 4 7~; a
, g _ f*iU
, QB, & a x
% , k%%$%"gx$EfTt%lEM@fk1E4E%~X$%2n-F:
"*ElQB": "Q", R & ; "B", i@&o Q B , E t 2 @ * m ~ % g G & K . Z @ ,8ER
X8Ei@Ht%1E,
$1 $%fiB%&E. 3-22, %&. @$&%1EE%fiHH@@N3X&,
fl3RT
{

*o

"AU@1": "&", ggg, & a , %FJ32X; "y', g--fi0 & 1 , g $ g A g g g

R. 18. fiFJ31%t%~E~
$1 $ % f i g G E % . 1%
XM%1EE8fiH&@@@%&,fl3E
TAO
~ ~ ~ ~ 5 :3 ~
2g, 7337 "El"; "%", BP@&@@;"%", BP&8@@o%$%, EtEA
%%&%&8@@&&@%30
$1 +%fi&G&fk. jiRB. 53fiJEE8fiHm@@@3X&,
flj%?ko #?%
" k % ~ f T ""z~@ k q & " \ "x@kqx"
@ "k%x%z-&" %O
"&HAS" : "A", ;&%I,!
"S",~P%%oB&m-N!JZ#R2iI&:&zEi4k8irnlr@,
FU'M%LX%%, iE+f%ASmE&mZN21Eo$l@%fiS%B%. 8%.&&%lEE%
fiHrnS%N%&, $3R3=&0
"7kEl#47;": "$tJ7', BP>$$@j, >#$yl'EJ;"7;" BP[fiJT;, T f T 0 VZjT, 3 3 ~ J j 7 J t & ~ # 4-f;'~ 4 ,
$1 $%fiB%%T4. TfT. %I%.
bfJ%%1EB8fiHH%@@%&,
flgE3=7Ko
N1%E%Tmt%lEsrguBtfj,xfT%%+m*. A. k. 4%. 7k, Eg37l;BBEHg!zfr
@E*%, mEEH@E71;mEJEmtE%o
'4

99

B e @ % ,bM!J$%%,N Ui$%%BT%; rn%%&,

%%, bk%?%, $i?JL\AE&2%08

!@&%A, %irri%B.$, %44G%* 2BT580iq; JLGE%A, Sfiii@%%&,%7k%RA,

~ N " ~ W ~ K _ ~ ~ @ Ti iJi L~X@95oAt.--X%)
\%%~
i%:" B f i B 2 8 , ~ % R X & U
, BZ
%i0H m B 2 8 , M R X g , U%!jRB0i'di@B28, SdRK%X%, U%uR%KBKG
- t h o WbkSfiiB28, iBR* a , B!R@%, 1)ABB%, %Glq@rn-tho''
2.

BREtE&%EIlR@

ZfT%%@@5&2I'dH&%%%%tE@~%8RH~s~~n%o
& Tfi@%%BB+IX%%
H%%7%4k, BNX~3&?+H2fkFfiS%ttr%oBkL, %kl1'7NU@@"&&" @ "%&"
4
, U % % % ,* E % R Z O '
' E X H $ & , "%&"
%@is.l2~&~
"&&" B "%&", Z%%%; E X , "%&" B "&&", R%%Jl!Zo % - Z
% o 2 s z & 8 e rni$Jh%%&>>i%: "BTSlb%, I@@&B,B*El 'R%, X@2*0 @&%
w?3%3%0 @BIZ$, %B&%, EZrnF&BO %R!j3%B&%,&BB%o9'
zfT%%a%&i$@bki$%ea*, ~ P & b k e B ,%GXfT&%$J@*tE%%%H@
E, 3nR%&Bm%$%bk,&B~+I?+;M % ; ~ ; ~ + ~ E ~ ~ < ~J!~R+EIBZB~~~,
E N ~ - Y B -a~z132
~,
b3, % Z , 7'%65f%;
8%+Bbk,R!lR+ILk2bk, BPLk&2bk, %JJE,@6SBoj U (Z@
eama~%m '6m~am;l;~+~~ic,
E ; ~ + B + I B ZW~ Y
! J, X49~+1+;t:bk,
~ ~
ad
5% Eg
@%$!J&FB'-7=%X4k,
3?%ttrZ@Hi$%, &~%%@"Eli$$-$", @ ; ~ ; N @ J % ~ ' . U X
fT@ikHtB%, U%E3%iE@HiB%@G$kH?8Eo
$7

0"

%RE%$&%-ZH%ER%o "@%" E%%%Ga#%eB*9%@@f&E@T

+E+
x$A#%B%%H%%R~&~
"@" Sj@%H+%&*Ro"@" E+E%++%H+%&o
+E%H%#2%%@
"U%@!
@" 3
& Z T "@" H%@E-+&%&JB%@@%HS~~B?T%RE~B%@
&~&+j@%~H%&%fiB+$---1B%@.
~ U J "!?U@d@E7&"
L~
@Jfl.f&B
"&$Il.h$"
H%fiE,2
RBB8%B!J+fij@2%H9
mg "Z+$&"H % B E ~ ! J 2 B 2 % # 2 % ~ ~ B B f i @ ? J b B 9 OEl
"a9'
H4%A7$RE-+%B!J%4B&, j@EZSE-+&B, %3B%#%&,
-+%RE%
+.&JtB*o
@ B 9EEE+H-+%&%+%%, BtEa#BbbH%@fiso ~ U J L H,
~ , fig,
I*,'R, 8 , @, fi!i!, @%R, %%, I&, F B q 9 %l%l@#@;
,!EB s, 43% %@%%.
B0
E-+%%&%H%%#JBH%@
, j@X%fiEEB8BBX$iB#@HB
E!J%RE%t%o "B" Sj@%H%%&%A%$BR
+!3#l%l@~P?c$-t+o
m J J t 9

(1)
Y3%Y+'l%

JL\~%~%$%
%~PB
BBrn
: *Brn ~L\iG3=l@ 7Efi3TBA, % P I + 2 P B 63%%PB
@, X@ "A@f90
AiBjff;N, !kkf',E73-Bo
&4CbPB@,A@, SSX~T%sB1bU
PB%%
H ~b2PB%%%3~L\B@a9
BB*%&b$, %&%$$ U@*a5,e\rn#Ho 4EEB
rn B ~ ~ J L \ ~ $ U B +JL\$$U%Y%EO
$%$~
4xw!$B, B%lL\PBmBd%aB3@H9
iE!&
%glL\mm%#d@T%*Ho~ L \ P B % J ~ M M @ H
~ hD@
~ @ 3 G AT % - B 9 &$B
, b$B@%%E,lL\&$RE4Bb$stI?B+$olL\$$@rn , B%%EJL\PB
rn%3B%&@H
~E!-t.k%%~L\lFl
t39T%B@$!J#Ho~L\PBREtE3@%%ANB$$%3,
@A%$$E&,$$%%
s , ,~\:B%B;l ~ \ m m ~ %~~%!~&@~k%+ffr51%3.
#~,
1 ~ \ ~ a % l ~ \ m m #~~! rml ~a; t9. q
la+, ~ 5 3 ~ x ~2L ~,I - J ~ E S P . mt, ~ ~ ~ ~ E B E J'' aL" , ~?~m~t ~
A ~
~ ~
z k
. s
I$*%%) %: "SA%X&~EJ&,X% I3 , A%%I3 , BAZ.PB, El tk0" B%?@K~f~tiEti?)
&%: "JL\%A@,
!kkf',E73-B0" % B B ~ % ~ JPB%%H
L \ U UE~L\PBmBB&b$@%&B$$
rn#H #4FBm$lL\PBH#FBo ?%Jr12HPB%71;E7
*3=B.!!%3,F%@%B&@%;i-J-ZE9
@%Tf5, XFJ51&%$$%$3,$$tX1KiI%;
lhm71;E *T%#ZJT%, FJB&fI?Bu&, %%$
@lEE&O
0

flTi2TBE tR832-F , ziH32la

T S 3 % E B G % @ o u&iiE?&rnE%eBTrn>>
GflT "1zp:PaflfiHPB" 2
%o BTH%Bt*lks*fi&a, B%&rn%@%$,
i$3%2%
(33 SKI *5tZ?&&ik)
%: "flT%, % 5 2 B , i%B&Eo"
BT@i$e% 3-L+Gfi, G%%El G&%%9 G%%?Elo lHIRTflT, ERPaBTg33E
+PBBHg3$BxR%TBT%Bg9 #H%%Eo BT@Z??R*, %Pa+2PB, -5B%%S%#B
9

(-)

&%+3gB#E

(z)
%%@l%jB
EG&P%H@%#E, l a B B H ? t o &A%%!H?tBR%\ %*H#%@E, I%% "#
?t",i$iJE!+i' " + R 2 R 7 ' , ''%?$ZR" % "+%2h?fV
2 % 0 JHH%&%@%J&fhz@f&
R , ~ E + G G E H @ % % % 8 % Ei$$%%rn2-;
,
! B H S ~ & # ? t , % T i @ "@%3'7
HaBEt$,6#Hfg, H%@&7kG$B@@fi4, RBfiF%fiH?tA&BUB%%&@H?4i&@%
tk, ~ X % 3 l E 2 r n 2 - 0

%@eik$$,RB$$4k&&BE&@ ?$EAi$&-&%%
lI9bbGd@\!&S%
, CMF&B?
%R8-&$@E0 GUWYAgBG) %: "?$B,7N62R%&0"R%?$NX%, iR%T
@EE%-*E&%BX%,&o
El& " R ? 5 R 9 $$+?%" ( @'Rm*BR~%u%ie))o
Rg$g
R , %BE&$$, sB&&@ab9@$B%EoE X , %%N!J?$&,%eN!J$$R,& & # g o
0

Al$2%%%T%X2%E4k&H%X2%
(lV7C%), 7KG&@fif4k&H7KG&%a
$%%HtB%,EEf%fXe%%EX2%(FP%%), ~%t%~K%---B2%,
(fit31 %%
"A, ,'
% % T X ~ H & B 2 R % e % % EAb%%&&2rn,
l~,
%2TX@H%X2%4k&%
X2%, B%Ai$2%H@&o
%32%EAi$&&%3WR3h7~2@*%flT&%)
$82
% "B%",%: "&%%f, E % T X , SG%#rn%%%t&";(XE$3))$82%
"B%"3
"Z%
~ % T ~ & @ H 7 K G %@Am%WEik&7KG2%,
I%,
$TI%% "G%",3Gik+%G
B%A!$2%H&%%135?0
(X@*BX&G>$2,: "A2%TG, GATE?, Uf$Tfl$, X
@&BRf4BU%%o"
%@b,
7KG%4%4k&H&@>@@,
&N@%4k%2%o
%%T$%%HR%%%R%fl$Hw%%REN'BH4fi%sn'REzf-8E?RAm~
(SSde MPB
E&At4kl $2,: "3%BTfl$o"?B%@-%%H&,@$,
#FH&%~k&3%J%5,
#i!BAi$Iti9$%
3, BmS&%A!$2%HSE%%, R%EV%23%%%A@@,
5~S@l%o
0

"

,@\X;t9 %, $, dn, @%mfEa%srT&e

@E%l&-Tfi&S.@$kM.It8IIIfz.&,
Em
@fikMj2BE%iXtbiH,JR&%%&F%-TB4& jL+f!
9

3 : MTBJBcJfift R
%%Egg (la 4-2).

@ (WPBR), Z'f+PB

%?z: a
E
a , -Ff7A+EIt:fibfi!%o
%?z: f i E 8 (#PBR> 98, F3fTAEfr;EkI415i!!l%(I%BZ), ZTE%M8@g3(El
4-41,

S;zbs@BE "l3?"' %tB13\ & % & g o l3b$H*%%fi&%:

PA @$a,% "PA % % t $ i 7b' :
T
@
, J%b%25&%E3PBg3E
(1)
PBiEFbkze, 4nl3bk%EzH&T+@, %Z; % E % M & T W B ; % E A M & T T % ; 3
2.

FjKMeTkE; %HZEb$&TRR\ R%%o fi&,e\izHb%2sdH*flz%% B T H w c

&, 83% "Hb%2%"0
" k l f % & t h 9 JkL&A2&82;P0" lfb$&'f
(2) &kabab : I
@+, 3 f c F f i~ Z % ? @ B B 8&B%fiEG%o
\
9

tEb$&T/J\ErxJIflrlE=PBg32&;;5a,')ICf-f;8fi:14@3k%T9
%@%%E;kPBB@23M%T,
PJB&%%ERPB8?23#e, % E k ~ T S f l @ %-%12.b$$B& (El 4 - 20)
pBgEb$&T9\R-f;, % E 9 pBflHg3#;iT9 )'ICfT8fi:9b1!!3 T;ilk, g3BET%E9\@3 f i @ E k
Ji3 ~ 3 @ % -.BE , rn%T9!J@% %*3=%@32J%E %%b$&e (El 4 - 21)
9

2.

S&B8E

"tE"9 75'tE3S9 tEt-&agO tEb$H&z%BEBgE%&B23b$o (X@~~%EOL+ILX@)

$2,: "PBtE8, tE%%lr8, @T%PBGtk; PB%8, tE@i%PB9 @T%PB2tko9' EBTPBtEb$
Z E % % T S @ + % E = P B ~ ~ # Z &#~@ E e T i % b $ ; PBtEk$GfB%T3@+%FEZPHg3#B
Z
la&, PBtE75'tE%%t&&%PB23H*H ; PBtE75'gE%%t-&*BPBg3H
9

I.

EkPH%E9PflB%!l(-&I

EArsagsxrJ: fiz*~ag3aikmaaRawttl9~ ~ I ~ ' - . & ~ ~ B $ ~ R A T X ? ~ - B X ~ J ~ T

i'l, LjTYdEE%, %*%i&'R@,
? R % @ ~ % @ ~ B E ~ J ~ L ~ B G % ;* s?Tm-&
TJL\B~
Ebk, f i % @ ~ % @ ~ h @ @ ~?%ax33,
B % k ~ B$%fi>&AEkFH$i30
T,
,&$l%tZXrJ:
/.~EPPB~~~$IB~E~R%P%~,
-5EAPBI%gZ3rJif;H~#%T9
kZ1/3,@+El
@ ($j%IE@)
Y3R@b$; izjT@-%ti%_f7.4-3, %?HE, SY%tt)xB%, B%&A
EjXPflt3Mt33rJ
0

2.

Z$PH+ZRPAB%Y (=&)

E P PHg33rJ: fiEP Pit3bkG%EJbfflll@%T%f&%a

, B3AE@ffl19%A%%, RE
MM @~t33rJ&-E?,
k4T%A%Bfi2Sd9 %l%J@.!Ji,
!J3EFJl!3,%;ftsii7LkBJTB,B31b@,
f&-&Bk4T,Y%&T;G$i-\ a % , %6&E%,35 E l % , 3 HPbflltt;3, bk%#3@AE9PBgrZ0
ERPB?3XrJ: /.nERPBg3bkI%Ee~%a,
k4T%%B,-%EPPHmg3%rJee%4To
3. ZPHBflSEABlS3Y ( E M
,2PB!!4933rJ:fi,2PH%l~3bic~%EE~B%ttl,
%A@EEm,Y3RTR, B;kj2rJB$B, EJ
kBi$lbjkE, %&Bt"&RE, k&B&BEl BET, %iBE%
El 35 bt9~fi&AEPBa8lf-g30

BPl15#L7%
aJ%
I%E$$%@~
@&egg9
%@@K9EBEfF, $ % % x E & ~ frniBB, ?a%,?a%!( @
B) %F9 BlHJ%?Bm5BB&9
%EBEfF0EUZ% ~ @ % % B a k % Ri R) : 6bJ%1BR%
% b H , 4kZ%%2-REP% %%2-%EPB @X*BE
(4) jE1/*&T % & m 'fk:?a%%3$&%@2%
%7.mMm%@F2@
..ki&F$fb&
R H R%HzR, fii.?@%%@ SBi5EA#T%P03n7RflC, ?!%%%UFBS%$B& i
~%S+;kMPBaBik>>
$2: "i%iT?B%,
T%%LO"
3 9 1 , %%&EM%,R5,*IM9i3A&
* f ~4aBT%P9
frn ~Z@oE@$$&>>
tR: "7% (%)
%ETT~"
0

0"

I . %%brnZ*@&

J L E ~ Z G2%um9
,
B%FGRM,
f i ~ ,
m ~ m
SBE+
~
N&%o %%A%2%Eit,
%%A29fiA@%,R ! J % S % o %%B%,
GWBrn33
ik, & 9 E & 7 Z % U G 9 3%k2%io
$3 <<%I'do%i&)
i%:"%E3H%%%B,
EE3H
%%%%o"

S%&%i9
Gi%%N+2-Z%g0
BYE%,BJR@%%
"i%S9';
E%G3,%JEB%,
%

"+2-"

2 . #%Prn1EE8U@%%%E

( a ) %%

.Str~t%X%
: %%&BA%2%E/ft,
A%RPH9i$kS%%PH%,%%i%
ASS3B%-%Y!JPB%@&,
~DB&
J L, ~ B ,E%, b$%%%Fo
(2) # - ~ t ~ - % % ~ +tii+.f%$%"z: "fi9',EPfiE, I;iJko
%%Pa%, 3!3!43+E9@ B k 8
JL\$$, %l2$E%B,
$3fl~L\B@Bl:957,
sf$, B @ , E35%o"Rk9', $ES%12$0A1$9
Ff

(2)

&h8l@x

@@xt&h85R%,& % E * & h Z % E % J R %Q&h+h%%%i&85&%:

:
FH%
#sii&hiESfh*%*lf.h&%&&Hm@qE,
i g j $ h % % g ~ f . h g ; ;"8k9',
.
"@iq9, "%",
"R" % g o@&htr$#fgq85k$@f0@%h85h%@A9aka,@ & h + h @ % ~ E B ? m
%lk,
%

( t - PA),

h %TXB,, mB2/6- keto- PGFl,

( 3 ) &&+R%N@%

A
, 8
5
% ,
d ~ % & l k % & % % Rth%-%854u4R1E4,
&~
NW&, & $ $&&b$%%Y;A@,
ikH1 '
H
9 85$9'L@, $~k@%JAik&lk%&&R
%&&&%85&E&@N&Jkh@3&%@X&lk@Bh$i*%85
14&iEJ&%xt2R9
th@
h k & @ l & k E i & h & %R&%: N TC, TG,
L L - c&
@
&
k
&0 4
%h
hPFW
@%lERh&@%B?NO (-%lM) %2i'83%%&
$%%4u%1f&0
xt+ E % Q & & t u % M % + % l E P @ ~ R&%%4%h%.Iki+H;k&5Y;AmB%
%,
@&%: Q & @ k ,%lk4+H%#9'L#&El%+HR&*85lk%RE~&;%85&@4+H%%Q
& A P $ ~ # $ S - M & ~ @ %O
@%~B%k~, %I4GBEm%fk4&+@XJkE85M%.IkP&%
6% AS (%h%%#@?fk), %
, 8
5 %&&
, % h l k % % + E & H % % B % @
o $ I l l , %%.IkT&%&E
AS, j$'&%@, &
3
, {?$Wj"s%&Ik
&, Wk&&%k%%%&&&&85M%%&W&&O
~ & k & j &%@%85S%&@2
$
-35@j$f&%85%&1+H
, 2
%, kSfER8$2$W&@&&$k&853ElT$iX&L9
'I&@
% 8 % % 3 E F & 2 & % % & % B ? 2 & 8 5 % @ @ & % P k @ B % 0 % h $ &&%?R%@&k$l
&85-%?4g4$K;r&eL&%B, %%r385%s@%%9 # + k N G ~E85%lk4&+$%kE
%o

t&, F9@%%@2i'amSB,
7%RHf$g0
~@%!&Hf$%$X@,
@BEE@%%EEBR
, Nrnrn%D$fi2fT?3E,UEk&%H
,
%
?
@
B~~l;il~PBPa@&Aik)
%: " % R 2 3 , %aaRm, @%?$
@?3E%,%&?3rnE9R&?3%b%,
%&?akm?~ & ? a z @?3z@@+E+*&07'
o
%flT%@&%f$%B@,
%B+B?$EHBS1Bo
I . %!zkhA

S q B , $S-++HXtH#E&, E?EH%%%4&%6E@ZHo
UB!&rnS, F!J%&E
E, %%, BJIRI, WG!k%9bE%,
&@@, +3-%%~B&~%~%F9EEo
3uUE%%g3i&$~
X$KS F!JE%ES,$3g&EE;UZPB~PBg9TRiS,F!l=PBt3%S,ZPBg3%%;U@%
m#xtrng, F!Jrn%S, @%Eo--@*%? %%Dm,
E%%R,E%Et@%%%A
6
BkB&%1R2EE,F!J%@&SF94$A%o
E 2 , %iE%%Ern~3&,
%%JlB,fl!J&F92
% B J - & E%
~ sY~~ G E S F ! J ~ T%%I Z~ E~ F~ ! J S R ~ma,
~ B ~S ~ $ S E H % I & F ~ P M I %
@~7%HjM$Bo%&S?
m!JE%\rnE, g3g&H%B%fka+a@i@RSzN;
%GE, s!a
@mH%3%%fk@#@H~@%SzNo
&3=&%S%Hf$%9
SRS%%HSBttrA%fk7
&$%%HSEf$%,
&%%2SE
9

&A0
(1) %&AX:

&BPS%A%o ?EPb%i93?Ai$,E%4@%3=@Li$HflJ%I!SE&9
ii'ii

*&g%&B1g
--2g@@&mjigI$~B*qi$tJI,3!$go
12%
5K25?3, %flA%E@&@%QE,
@ZMBB,l9ikj%BR%%,
%&a%
%&rn+%o
5B%flE@&%%9
4UZR@%RSG9
U%%E2R%%
&;
2
%B
!$EM%
2 h 9a&%%m1g%%26
'#E%%u@!JE&;
X&@&4@%;1;m@%%9&@%R
BB, $ F J % & ~ iE2n ~%Sqe@5&~$te)
ik " X G % % z~ R % N 9 z B % g 9z%%
3Z0 %%Gfi5ZflE29U?b&R%0'9
kLPb, ABl9iHfiEE %BB@IB%BE%BuSM
"EN"
( 2 ) %&4%&:
%EB@+E%B%QtE%-F
%&H%+%9 UE&@m%H,BH%
B~BuIB%!JmamE&o
aH&asRm?$%%@#@$g%m*Ho %%*HH
+%2UAB, @$ZK %E,%R, iqE4, %$KT,%3,E&, %if%,E % , %%%,
B1kgYB9% U ~ U t G B J f l E H 9ZiEE@.J'-oiE@t%&H3&ZEi&%!lHB$%!lB9
%&%
&, @iZEE%O%%%%%, &:%2i5
&g+E%&@S+$&m-@3&0
( 1 ) ?&&+k@5i

% % 3 & 3 & 9

5 q m % % % 9

6.

$f&, @@.

%am%

%@%%2E%jE&-EX$%i$%&m%%U%BE%
Y@i$&l%PB fifi%3!@3
@%%SIB
El m 0 gX$%S%@E%E@%%i$99S%%9
lil%!i!!JE@%l%%@HPD5&m
%@m&B@Hx$lkm%rn,
E%!i!!JU?b%fl$%,
R 1 R % 2 0 %rnB%9&%E%flE&$BE

a%?
0

tEB, BB3&H*& #H3=i$sm+$e%l&UB9fii$&32%B8% %3J?ftB

$k%B#k1E$@%&-@3&~
REB%Z: -E~4iE@E!Jl.E?%?89
=EBB@&&@E
@
, , 3&&%%%%BE
%R&%H&BR&,
EPBi$%%flF&%XRH%B%PkEEX%m%lEX$Ri&Mt$%
%fl>B@BJ,
BZ~3tB%%@@@iG%E%TfiB6,
rn@R9%&l%
PB%%$!lBEmiKBY@,
fimE%R?8e@@E%@%kBE
9

key words

% --S FPEqHBqSaYfa
# jing (as the world origin

.................................... .. .
(29)
$ $b si activity .....................
................................................................. (28)
5 fk qi transfornation .............................................................................. ( 2 9 )
... .........
@$ j$ induction .....................
(29)
q fi

medium
.

A<h!$-i,$i!, hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth

2 $ ig hypothesis of qi
.from cloud and air .....................
...........'..
~

~ o

~o

monism of qi

............................................................

. o m v e o

(26)

o~

..

(26)

.... ...

(26)

q,

'-

%@4 ig $i% ( key words)

303

........................................................................... (27)
FA Pa yinyang; yin and yang ........................................................................ (34)
PD &jk +% theory of yinyang ........................................................................ (33)
Pa Pa ~ $inter
2 - opposition between yin and yang ............................................. (37)
Pn Pa 4 # interdependence between yin and yang ................................................ (37)
rn $$ # wane and wax between yin and yang .................................. ............... (40)
/@ && inter - induction between yin and yang ................................................
(38)
9 R inter - containing between yin and yang .................................... ..... (39)
rn @ inter - transformation between yin and yang .......................................... (40)
Pn Pa @ reestablishment to yin - yang equilibrium ............................................. (42)
/$a?& both yin and yang in equilibrium ...................................................... (42)
3fi five elements .................................................................................... (48)
......................a. (48)
hfiq+$, theory of five elements .....................
hf=f@
& inter - promotion of five elements ...................................................... (50)
.................... (51)
hfi$j$ inter - inhibition of five elements
- ... (51)
h 8$! ik relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements
Z<=fifEl
% inter - invasion of five elements .............O.......................................~
(521
...................................................
hfi$ji@reverse restriction in five elements
(52)
........................
........................
h f i B & resistance of oppressed elements
(51)
-$- ljt mother - organ disorder involving its child - organ .................................... (53)

j-fj$ -- 3$& monism of qi

...-......a

....v...e..*.o......n..-

.........om........0..

T%W-Efchild-organ
]g7k@$replenishing

disorderinvolvingitsmother-organ

(53)

~ . " ~ * * o . o . a * * . * * e . * * - . . - o . ~

............ (581
water to nourish wood ..............................
$$& & & reinforcing earth to generate metal .................. .- ............................... (58)
&A$b& tonifying fire to supplement earth ...................(58)
....m..

.......................e.....

&7k$U&

mutual generation between metal and water

i q $ % -J-inhibiting wood and strengthening earth ............................
~

"

.................
.......
....
..................
..........................-... .....................
.o

$$&$!

@&?$
%
j'

7& cultivating earth to control water

assisting metal and calming wood

a.

* a . m .

....u..

@ $1Jk purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water) .........*....a.s.

(58)

(59)
(59)
(59)

(59)

.................... (61)
+ golden mean .................................................................................... (631
J$ M; andogy
.......................................................................................... (63)

Zy$I$$Igobservation on macroscopic
&I

level

.a.

.....a..a.......*....-...

a$&.&&

.................................................................. (84)
jQFg$&
% ?& spleen prefening dlyness to dampness ............................................. (85)
liver governing regulating ............................................................... (87)
H & j& _da liver storing blood ........................................................................ (89)
H$$ 1315 M iflu liver of yin nature with yang functioning ....................................... (89)
Hj$ mj @
, liver being the
viscera ......................................................... (901
%$$$&$ source of endurance ..................................................................... (91)
%%&& congenital foundation ..................................................................... (92)
'#&# kidney storing essence .....................................................................(92)
n [ , kidney yin .......................................................................................
(94)
....................................................................................
a Pa kidney yang
(94)
I## lcidney essence ................................................................................. (93)
I# $ kidney qi ....................................................................................... (93)
g tiangu; .......................................................................................... (94)
'/2$&7k& kidney governing water .................................................................. (95)
'#&$h% kidney receiving respiratory qi ......................................................... (95)
$-T3 vital gate .......................................................................................(98)
-b j* 11 seven important portals ..................................................................(100)
@f gallbladder
deciding ......................................................... (100)
E & ?@ P$ stomach managing downward transportation of food ................................. ( 101)
$.is4 % # prefelTing moisture to dryness ......................................................... ( 102)
9&it!&containing and digesting ............................................................... ( 102)
separating the clear from the turbid ................................................... (103)
$,#,$'3
upper- jiao reser&ling mist - ....................................................... ( 105)
@) $JP$Emiddle - jiao resembling fermenter ................................................... (106)
T @ \ $ Plower
~ % - jiao resembling drainage ......................................................(106)
li; $$&Rmentality house ........................................................................(106)
j$jj$ f@@ brain being the marrow sea ............................................................ (106)
............................................. (111)
Q '#$u &' coordination between hea* and kidney
7k;1CBj&regulation between water and fire ................................................... (111)
@ j$ $ 4 & lung being the
of qi ...................................................... (113)
'#j$ $ & # kidney being the root of qi ......................................................... (113)
spleen governing blood

11%

11%

& '# H $$ liver and kidney sharing the same origin

2 % H 8 Yi

...........................................a.

(113)

and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing

................................................................................. (113)
j essence and blood sharing the same origin .......................................... (113)
# HR
j& 9 Jfl
interdependence between storing and discharging .................................... ( 1 14)
the same origin)

%hS$U$f inter- promotion between containing and digestion .................................

# 8 H interdependence between ascending and descending * * * * . . * * * .* * * * * * * *

(116)

(116)
@$B@.$If interdependence between drying and moistening ...................w................
(116)
'g qg $4 g\ stomach preferring moisture to dryness .......................................... (102)
a

3 Z$Z %"alfn
$ q; ."*
$$

%
; $# essence. qi blood. body Wldd and spirit

..." ...... ............................................................................... ( 128)

................................................................................ (135)
$ pj
yin ................................................................................. (136)
?i; Fa
yang ................."........................................................... (136)
$ fi qqi activity ................... ....... ................................................... (132)
$ j& qi transformation .............................................................................. (132)
$ @ qi sea ......................
.................................................................... (134)
................................................................................. (137)
~ 7 - 5 defensive
.................................................................................... (136)
%, $ thoracic
Fg $ nutrient qi ................................. ................................................... (137)
@ $ primordial qi ................................................................................. (136)
$ fik & & qi promoting blood production ......................................................... (149)
$ & & y'+ qi being the governor of blood ...................................................... (149)
..................... ( 149)
$ & q -& qi promoting ..................................
q, fjk /& .$ qi promoting body fluid production .................... ......... ............... (150)
$ fj$ f i & qi promoting blood circulation ......................................................... (149)
& & 5 & .@ blood being the mother of qi ...................................................... (150)
........................................................................... ( 149)
& * & qi
$ fik f i j$ qi promoting body fluid circulation ................................................... (151)
......................................... ............................
"

.
.
"

"
.
'

eu

@ fik $, $ body fluid conveying qi

L fik +&$ blood conveying qi ..................................................................... (150)
$ fib g @ qi govern;ng body fluid ............................................................... (151)

% e$ .j@body fluid retention causing qi stagnation

.......................................... (152)

$@i
ib rneddsm and collaterals
$fl
El ?$
$$#% meridians and collaterals ..................................................................... (156)
$3%%% theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine .............................. (156)
$3% meridian qi ..............
.. (192)
................................................ (159)
$$& meridian; channel
e...........v.....w.....e..........a.............e.s.........s....

...........n........w....

,g$j
j
jcollateral ....................................................................................... (160)

........................................................................ ( 161)
.. (159)
Jy =E& twelve regular channels ...........
3f-A IJrti$glung channel of hand taiyin ( L ) ................................................ (165)
3 kU @Ik MI $3large intestine channel of hand yangming (LI) .......................8......(166)
aka @' $9 stomach channel of foot yangming ( s t ) ....
(166)
...........
a$$@spleenchannel of foot taiyin (Sp)
(168)
.............................................
3-9liiJ \'-l. $2heart channel of hand shaoyin ( H )
(169)
3f-APU/hMI$$
small intestine channel of hand taiyang (I)
..... ( 16%
f

=$3j$twelve meridians

e....s.a..*....m...e....a....e.a.....$...m......

..............o...............o..a...

.........sa...o............vm.e..a..

****.***.**.**...**.-

............................oo (170)
,E A PU @ &$B urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang (UB)
PA I#$$
kidney channel of foot shaoyin ( K ) ............................................. (171)
3-K ,\l;.&$$
pericadium channel of hand jueyin (P) ....................................... (172)

a9
3.9

b%

g$ tri - jiao channel of hand shaoyang (TJ)

.........**.............-....*..
0..

(173)

.................................... ( 173)

a$PUN$B gallbladderchanneloffoot shaoyang (GB)

PA H$$liver channel of foot jueyin ( G ~ ) ..
(175)
..................
....-......
....................................
-@@/\b* eight extra channels
(176)
/@/jljc governor vessel; Du meridian .......................*....................................... (178)
@j$ conception vessel; Ren meridian ......................................................... ( 179)
$$ flush vessel; Chong meridian ............................................................... (180)
i$%b$belt vessel; Dai meridian .................................................................. (180)
$$&yinqiao meridian ............................-..
(182)
Pu $$j$ yangqiao meridian ........................................................................ (182)
.........
................................. (184)
#j$ yinwei meridian
pu & Bsjc yangwei
........................................................................... (184)
.............. (184)
tj$g$lJtwelve divergent channels .................... ...
.....*.....*.....................w...e.e....

...............ern......................

..e......e......e...-

. . . . w e .

m.

. . . . e m . . . . . . . . . *

............................................................... (186)
31.$.$ minute collateral .............................................................................. (186)
3$ /g$ superf;c;d collateral ........................................................................ (186)
+--- $2f$$ twelve meridian musculatures .........................................................(188)
+ & $p twelve cutaneous areas ............................................................... (190)
j j j -&@
.
sea of yang
( governor vessel) ....................
......................... (179)
PA -& $$ sea of yin meridians (conception vessel) .......................................... (180)
fE&&J&
conception vessel governing uterus and gestation
....... (180)
t i3Bjcpg sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel) .................................... (180)
..................................................................... (180)
Ifrt @
. blood sea (flush vessel)
+ 5 $4 %
/ fifteen large collater'&

)p j

...a.

pathogen9

. . ~ ~ . * . ~ * - . - . ~ w m o . -

..................................................... (217)

$8$E $ /ZI pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs

...**..**.**..-.***.*

..oo.......

(218)

............................................

% f l %@%iFi$i% (keywords)

309

.............................. ............... (220)

............................................................... (221 )
$g & $1 cold tending to
.........................................................(221)
$g J{ $ % cold retarding qi circulation
# I)&# & summer heat tending to ascend and disperse ....................................... ( 223 )
fl{ $ # heat causing qi exhaustion ............................................................ (224)
# $5 & $$ summer heat usually accompanied with dampness ................................. (224 )
7g @ $4: dampness being heavy and turbid ................................................... (221
j@
$$j@ dampness being viscous and lingering ................................................ (221
$g g T; dampness tending to descend ......................................................... (222)
$& =f jg dryness tending to desiccate ......................................................... ( 222 )
A g _tr_ fire tending to flare up ............................................................... (223 )
A gj 4 8 _its fire
wind and bleeding ................................................ ( 223
g $ epidemic pathogens ........................................................................... (224
g @ pestilence ....................................................................................(225)
& I/$seven emotions ..............................................................................(225 )
& d;J 4% internal injuries caused by seven emotions .......................................... (228)
...................................................... (228)
J{ $ _tr_ rage causing qi to flow
$ J{ $ 4.. joy ,,,,in
qi slack ..................................................................(228)
causing qi depression ............................................................ ( 229 )
&k J{ $ $4
causing qi stagnation ................................................... ( 229 )
,e!J{ $
Jd $ $1 temr causing qi disorder ............................................................ (229)
qi collapse ............................................................... (229)
?
J{$
$ T;
I
J
fear
+k/&-;l;7 improper diet ........................................................................... (230
kj & ;l;*j didy diet .................................................................................(230)
/fk& @ diet preference ........................................................................ (231)
34 :'physical overstrain ........................................................................... (232)
......................................................(232)
$j$ J{ $ & overstrain causing qi
,Q :'head overstrain ..............................................................................(232)
$$ :' psycholog~cal
..................................................................... (232)
$j$ kidney overstrain .............................................................................. (232
& :' sexual overstrain ..............................................................................(232)
$ $42j$
phlegm ...........................................................................(233)
2 842& invisible phlegm ........................................................................ (233)
@_lfn blood
....................................................................................(234)
;f; calculus ....................................................................................... (236)
gj $1 medicine abuse ..............................................................................(239 )
+J therapist fault ................................................................................. (240)

$g I/&

j@

I/&

I/&

I/&

11%

I/&

I)&

I/$

$
I
&

@
d

I/$

I$$

$! /I

*,

cold tending to coagulate and stagnate

% -ts @ 2!.28% invasion

. . . jE. $ healthy
. . qi. .......................
. . . . . ....
(246
...................
.....................................................
iJp $ pathogenic factors
(248)
@*@
genetic disease ...................................
(251)
."'

.
"
'
.

@$J$&P & acute onset after affected ......*.m................s............e........o...o.....He (251)

..a

................................................................................. (251)
f i m ) g & latent onset .................. "." ".........."...... .." ..................
(252)
......
.
.
.
. (252)
jJg & secondary onset ..............................
,$ j$ simultaneous onset ........................................................................... (252)
# @ followingonset .............................................................................. (252)
g @ reCUl, enCe ......". ........................................................................ (252)
.................................................................................... (253)
GSjg
@ & &-4g re - affected causing recurrence ...................................................... (253)
........................................................... (253
& & diet
........................................................................ (254)
8 4g
gj g medicine recurrence .............................................." ......".." ........"..... (254)
I/#&\ & g emotion recurrence ............................. .... ............................. (254)
$$& chronic onset

0 . .

" 0 " " " '

0"

rice

""""'"'a

" ' " ' a "

.
.
"

%1

"
'
.
'

Yi8 $A pathogenesis

j$

a pathogenesis ................................................................................. (255

j$ & Q pathology .................................................................................... (255)

& % #I,basic pathogene

..........................................................................................
....................-. ..... ................................................ (256)
$Ezsthenic

thenia

.'

& % $$ /IJi
@

a gJ g

&$$$&IIE

inter .
trmsform~a'iiorabetween asthenia and sthenia
symptoms caused by asthenia

................................. (257)

................................................ (282)

pseudoortruernanifestationofastheniaandsthenia

(257 )

. . a

%fl

0 0 0 . 0 . . . 0 . 0 0 . . . O D @ O . ~ ~ O O O O D O D O ~ ~ O . O O . ~ ~ ~ ~

%@&$@$ig
(key words)

311

.*-.........
.......................
$?&%BE
sthenia with pseudo asthenia
( 257 )
k $G $ &, $k excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia * * . * * * *
- . (25'7)
................*.-...*....(258)
gJ@@$G
asthenia with pseudo sthenia ..
3 & $ & 1% excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia
*
-.. (258)
....a*q....ee...m.

0 . .

...........................a

...........

...............

E&,!@;P
healthy qi expelling pathogen
gp & 5& pathogen retreating with asthenic healthy qi

a........

(258
(258)

....*a+.....

*-

.***** ............................

iSP)&iE% prosperous pathogen with asthenic healthy qi

........... ... ..... ....... .....
between healthy qi and pathogen
gp S #
E $$ 3 &
; asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering .... .. ...... ....... ... .. ....... .
PA Pa #fl imbalance between yin and yang ..........-..

(258)

* w * * * w * ~ * * g * * - ~ - . * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * o . . * * * *

w .

..e....m.................................

... ..........*.......
excess of yin or yang ...
Pa
Pa @ & yang excess .................................................................................
pa & yang excess ................,....*........
.........
pJ@ & yin excess ........................................,........,.............,...............,.
& yin excess .......................................... .....,..........,...,..................
.................a

.....a

...*...*..a.......

.a*......

e,..........

.............a.......

as.

J$a@g
deficiency

yin or yang

Pa @ % yang deficiency
Pa $j yang deficiency

e...a...........................................e..............

......................................................-....................

(259)
(259)
(259)
(260)
(260)
( 260)
( 260)
( 260 )
( 260 )
(260 )

.....na..

...........................m...............a.........*..q....

(258)

....................*..-........*.......**........................ (261
$$ yin deficiency ................................................................................. (261)
PFJ pa g$R inter - impairment between yin and yang ........
(261)
$BRPa yin impairment involving yang ......................................................... (262 )
yang impairment involving yin ............
.................. ......... (262 )
@j&

yin deficiency

m...........

e....................................

e........

PFJ

repellence between yin and yang

.a*..

.....a

( 262

e.................................m......m.......

........................... .......................,. (262)

pJj & &
rejecting yang .....*............................. ... ........................................, (262)
#$
............,... (262 )
Pa & & Jij predominant yang rejecting yin ..*....*.....*. .........
....................................................... ......................... (262)
@ p)j rejecting yin
pa 2 # exhaustion of yin or yang ........................................... ............... (263)
-& PA yin exhaustion ... ......................................................,........ ,...,....... (263)
-& yang exhaustion ......................................... .......................,......... (263 )
................ (264)
# )& essence asthenia ........................................................
............................................ .,..,.,................,......... ( 264)
#&
$ & qi asthenia ............................................................. .....*..............,, (265 )
$ ;En# fl disorder of qi activity .................................................,............ ... (265)
.. ................................. ... ... ........... ......,....,... (265 )
$ j#$ qi
$8 qi adverseness ....................................... ...........,.....,.... ............... (266)
*.

predominant yin rejecting yang

n........

m*.

..a

.a.

e..

- 0 .

* *.

- 0 . .

..*

e..

.o.

.,a.

e,.

,*

,(*5

water

&

causing qi stagnation

qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss

..........................................
$3h& body fluid depletion causing blood stasis ............................................. (272)
........................ (272)
& @ 7fc (* blood stasis causing water retention
tS;J Kl endogenous wind .............................................................................. (273)
n5 d;J % disturbance of endogenous wind ...................................................... (273)
....................................................................................(273)
jff .R l. . ,. .Ar;nrl
..jff Pa .fkn liver yang causing wind ............................................................... (273)
j&, &&n extreme heat causing wind ............................................................ (273 )
yin asthenia causing wind ............................................................ (273 )
&& /&n
blood asthenia causing wind ......................................................... (273)
$I & cold originating from interior ......................................................... ( 274)
$& body fluid depletion causing blood dryness

.....a*.

"
I

............................................

ml

%@&iFl$iB

313

..............................................................................
j@ $4: d;J /$ dampness originating from interior ...................................................
d;J $g endogenous dampness ........................................................................
$${$(k
body fluid impairment causing dryness .............................................
d;J W endogenous dryness ...........................................................................
A$&d;J & heat or fire originating from interior ...................................................
d;J $& endogenous heat ..............................................................................
d;J A endogenous fire ..............................................................................
9 junior fire ....................................................................................
excessive fire .................................................................................
/@ %{k& excessive yang causing fire ............................................................
< $*@ZJ( excessive qi causing fire .........................................................
31@ (kA pafiogen accumulation causing fire ...................................................
h&.{kA five emotions causing fire ............................................................
)$A @ yin asthenia causing fire ...............................................................
&$$f$
/2 pathogenesis transmission ............................................................
$$
/2 focus transmission .....................................................................
% g f$ /2 transmission between interior and exterior ..........................................
exogenous disease invading interior ...................................................
& & endogenous disease retreating to exterior .............................................
*&* EJ?- semi - interior and semi - exterior ...................................................
g + direct attack .................................................................................
&g$f$/2
six meridians transmission ............................................................
5%.
6 /R tri - jiao transmission ..................................................................
X $ @ & f $ % transmission of wei, qi, ying and xue ..........................................
)\Besequential transmission .....................................................................
$6 adverse transmission ........................................................................
. . ..-.....*....*............
j&Nf$/2
transmsslon
E$ j&@$ transmission among zang organs ...................................................
E 4)iff@
9 transmission among zang organs and fu organs ..............m.....................
)@ 4)@@9 transmission among funorgans ......................................................
@ )@ d;J
% transmission between interior and exterior ....................................
% $& $$ .Ik inter - transformation between cold and heat .......................................
g ( k $ & cold transforming into heat ...............................................................
$&$$%heat transforming into cold ...............................................................
d;J % endogenOuScold

(key words)

/C-

.a*.......................................

;ft3

pfi

&
: lilll principle of prevemiion amd. therapy
prevention .................................................................................... (286 )

% l&health promotion .............................................................................. (286)

+$$% $p prevention before disease onset ...................................................... (286)
................................................ (289)
&jE 6 ~$12preventing disease from
jb NlJ therapeutic principle ........................................................................ (290)
'jb .& therapeutic method ........................................................................... (290)
jb $$ $
, + treating disease from the root ......................................
(290)
$5; & branch and mot .............................................................................. (292)
'jb routine treatment .............................................................................. (291)
'jb contrary treatment ........................................................................... (291)
$g& $& 5 cold treated with
............................................................... (291)
...........a*.....

5.

sp$.jiiJzk%. + E & @ @ i k ( % % 3 % & #k) .g : k@$+&&%.%,1984

sP$W, %ib%&%. q E & @ @ % . ALS: A R X & & % . % ,1989
g$'k@%%. + E & @ @ % ( % % d & # ) .
k % : k @ f + & $ %1995
%,
a a @ % % . q ~ a @ @ w q 3k ~g :. k m + t w ~ + i 1998
,
&%&%. % % 4 & # # + % @ % & + * + E & & @ % .ALS: + B + E % & % $ k ,

6.

E%qi%. qEB&$R&+*FfiE&@@%.ALS: A R Z i k & H $ k , 2000

1.
2.
3.

4.
1999

(%%*$+&#). ALg: q E f q E % & % . % ,1993

. Lg: $+%&%$k,1994
8 . # r { = % % . q B f $ % E % & + * q E & @ @ < kA
9 . -3;JT.ls, ~ J J X X%%@%.
,
+E&@@%irE,k#if.k. Ak%: ~ ~ + E % & % + i ,

+E%'&@
7 . %%5%%.

2001
10.

E%&%. + E g g % . AL$: ARXik$%+i9

1998

11. +$&%&%.

+ E & @ @ i k . A L g : h R X i k & % . + i ,2001

12. $kr{=&%.
+ E g g & @ % . dkS: +BE%$+&$%+i, 2002
(?%&%$%&i&M&#).
13. d \ r { = , %+&, %&i=, $ . +k?%&l4b@-%%%$
FfiE%k%d;J$13%#,1997
14. & $ ? % % . q E & & @ - % .@ % : !?k@$4&&%&, 2001
i s . rfJt+
i%$tj.
E
. B B + E + E ~ ; J ~ ~ 1986
&#~
16. R # R & % . q E % $ i & . 1 % : k % q B % l $ ? , $ f i @ ,1987
(d;J%)

$%$+%%. @$?: il%$+%&%&%$k,

1990

17.

%Jl!R%k%.

18.

E%%. q k % % E % % q .1 % : k%j?$%$?&$%.$k,

19.

5%. qE%B%.

it;%:

+mk%%$+;ffi$%&,
1995

1996

h$