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Trigonometry

These functions are the same as Excel functions with the same names (excluding an
underscore), except they work with the angles in decimal degrees (Excel functions operate
on the angles in radians)

cos_(ang)
sin_(ang)
tan_(ang)
acos_(number)
asin_(number)
atan_(number)
atan2_(number1,number2)
Examples:
ang =
num =
sin_(ang) =
asin_(num) =
tan_(45.7) =

30
0.5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Angles
These functions provide functionality for formatting and converting angles. Angles in deg-min-sec are text
strings and should be converted to decimal degrees with the deg function for use in math operations.

ang_(deg, min, sec) enters angle in deg-min-sec format

deg..... degree part of an angle (integer)
min..... minute part of an angle (optional positive integer < 60)
sec.. second part of an angle (optional positive decimal number < 60)
dms(ang, num_dec)
ang.....
num_dec

converts angle in decimal degrees into a deg-min-sec text string

angle in decimal degrees
optional parameter that specifies number of digits after decimal point in the second
component of the deg-min-sec. If omitted, none is used. This parameter controls the
precision of the conversion (ang being rounded off).

deg(ang) converts deg-min-sec text string into decimal degrees

ang..... deg-min-sec text string
Examples:
ang1 =
ang2 =
ang1+ang2 =
ang1+ang2 =
12*sin(ang3) =

30.1236
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

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C
D
Fractions and Feet-Inch Conversions

These functions convert/round numbers to specified format/fraction. The fraction accuracy is specified by the
denominator. The resulting fraction is an equivalent fraction with the smallest denominator. For example 0.5 with
specified denominator of 8 equal to 4/8 transformed to 1/2.

fr(num,denom)

rounds a decimal number to a fraction based on the specified denominator. The

resulting fraction is in Excel fractional format and can be used like any other number
in the spreadsheet except formulas operating on cell ranges.

num.... decimal number

denom....... optional positive integer equal to the fraction denominator. 16 is used if it is
omitted

fi(num, denom)
num....
denom.......

fd(ft-in)
ft-in....

converts decimal number into feet-inch text string. it must be converted into a
decimal number with fdfunction when used in the math operations.
decimal number
optional positive integer equal to the fraction denominator of the inch-part. 16 is
used if it is omitted.

converts feet-inchtext string into decimal number

text string in feet-inch format (ft-in must be previously obtained using the fi function)

Examples:
num1 =
num1_16 =
num1_4 =
num1_32 =
num2 = .75-num1_32 =
A = num1_ft_in_8 =
A-6.7 =
A_dec =
num3 =

-30.6789
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Cell Formula
The cell formula function pr_frml returns an expanded version of the cell formula with cell references replaced by
the corresponding values.
Notes:
1. Range references that include a colon (:) (e.g. K219:L220) are not expanded.
2. References to external spreadsheets are expanded only if these spreadsheets are opened concurrently with
the workbook containing the reference.

pr_frml(cell_ref) returns an expanded version of the formula contained in the target cell
cell_ref.. reference to target cell (e.g. a16)
Examples:
a=
b=
c=
c=

3.797
1.90
#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

A
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Cell Inspector (F2 key)

Press F2 to display active cell formula and its expanded version with the cell references replaced by the
corresponding values.
Notes:
1. Range references that include a colon (:) (e.g. K219:L220) are not expanded.
2. References to external spreadsheets are expanded only if these spreadsheets are opened concurrently with the
workbook containing reference.

Cell Range Linker/Transformer (F3 key)

The Cell Range Linker/Transformer creates a new cell range that is linked to the target range. The pattern of
the new range is derived from the target range based on the chosen transformation option. Press F3 to launch
the Cell Range Linker/Transformer, and follow the instructions.

Examples:
Target Range
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8

Range linked to Target Range with Option

1
2
3
4
5
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8
Range linked to Target Range with Option
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Range linked to Target Range with Option
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5

Technical Reference - Spread Footing

EB

Case I
pmax = [P (1+6EL/L+6EB/B)] / [BL]

EL
L

pmax = KP / BL (K from chart)

Dim1 = xL
(x from chart)
Dim2 = yB
(y from chart)

EL
Dim1
L

EB g

2m
i D

EB f

EL

EL

1m
i D
B

Dim1

Dim2
L

Case IIIa

Case IIIb

f = [L(1+2r+3r )] / [4(1+r+r )] (solve for r)

Dim1 = [4g(1+r+r2)] / [1+r+r2+r3]
Dim2 = r x Dim1
pmax = 6P / [L x Dim1(1+r+r2)]
2

Dim2

EL
L

1m
i D
B

Case IV

EB F

2m
i D

EB

Case II

pmax = 3R / 8FG
Dim1 = 4F
Dim2 = 4G

Contact Pressure for Footing Loaded Eccentrically about Two Axes

Modified after AREA (1980)

Reinforced Concrete Section Analysis - Technical Reference

d3
d2
d1

HW

As3
As2
As1

0.003

Stress

Center
Gravity

n x fc
s4

Strain
s3
s2
s1

WW

P
d3
d2
d1

HW

As3
As2
As1

Stress

Center
Gravity

0.003
C

C
1

d4

HF

As4

0.85F'c

Strain
s3
s2
s1
Strength

fs4

fs3
fs2
fs1
Working
Stress

Strength

FW

d4
C
1

As4

0.85F'c

n x fc
s4

WW

fs3
fs2
fs1
Working
Stress

Strength analysis is based on an equilibrium and stress/strain compatibility as outlined in the ACI and
AASHTO Codes.
The tensile strength of the concrete is neglected.
In strength analysis stress in reinforcement = 29000s Fy.
1 = 0.85; F'c 4.0 ks;
1 = 0.85 - 0.05(F'c-4) 0.65; F'c > 4.0 ksi
Tension Axial Load (Pu < 0 ) Note:
To determine moment resistance (Mr), the spreadsheet uses formula: Mr = Mo(1-Pu/Po) for cases where
a center of gravity of the reinforcement is not coincidental with the center of gravity of the concrete
section.
Mo moment resistance corresponding to Pu=0
Po - axial tensile resistance corresponding to Mu=0 (Po is based on a portion of the specified
reinforcement that has the same center of gravity as the concrete section)

fs4

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Workbook ID:
Workbook Version:
Workbook licensed to:

C
Demo
1.000

(workbook can't be saved)

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Select Subject
13
Contact Technical Support
14
15
16
17
18 Function Key Reassignment
19
First Key +
Second Key
20 Macro/Custom Function
none
F2
21 Cell Inspector
none
F3
22 Cell Range Linker/Transf.
Alt
F8
23 set_t_sect
Alt
F9
24 set_r_sect
Alt
F10
25 rc_ult; rc_strs
Alt
F11
26 brg_press
27
28 Note:
29 Demo version does not support key reassignment.
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