CHAPTER – 33

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. i = 2 A, r = 25 ,
t = 1 min = 60 sec
2
Heat developed = i RT = 2 × 2 × 25 × 60 = 6000 J
2. R = 100 , E=6v
Heat capacity of the coil = 4 J/k T = 15°c
E2
Heat liberate  = 4 J/K × 15
Rt
66
  t = 60  t = 166.67 sec = 2.8 min
100
v2
3. (a) The power consumed by a coil of resistance R when connected across a supply v is P =
R
v2 (250)2
The resistance of the heater coil is, therefore R = = = 125 
P 500
v2 (250 )2
(b) If P = 1000 w then R= = = 62.5 
P 1000
–6
4. ƒ = 1 × 10 m P = 500 W E = 250 v
2
V 250  250
(a) R = = = 125 
P 500
2 –6 2 –7 2
(b) A = 0.5 mm = 0.5 × 10 m = 5 × 10 m
ƒl RA 125  5  10 7 –1
R= =l= = = 625 × 10 = 62.5 m
A ƒ 1  10  6
–3
(c) 62.5 = 2r × n, 62.5 = 3 × 3.14 × 4 × 10 × n
62.5 62.5  10 3
n= n= ≈ 2500 turns
2  3.14  4  10 3 8  3.14
5. V = 250 V P = 100 w
v2 (250)2
R= = = 625 
P 100
ƒl –8 10
Resistance of wire R = = 1.7 × 10 × = 0.034  10 cm
A 5  10  6
 The effect in resistance = 625.034 
V  220 
 The current in the conductor = =   A
R  625.034 
2
 220 
 The power supplied by one side of connecting wire =    0.034
 625.034 
2
 220 
 The total power supplied =    0.034  2 = 0.0084 w = 8.4 mw
 625.034 
6. E = 220 v P = 60 w
2
V 220  220 220  11
R= = = 
P 60 3
V2 180  180  3
(a) E = 180 v P= = = 40.16 ≈ 40 w
R 220  11

33.1
 Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current

V2 240  240  3
(b) E = 240 v P= = = 71.4 ≈ 71 w
R 220  11
7. Output voltage = 220 ± 1% 1% of 220 V = 2.2 v
V2 (220 )2
The resistance of bulb R = = = 484 
P 100
(a) For minimum power consumed V1 = 220 – 1% = 220 – 2.2 = 217.8
V 217.8
i= 1 = = 0.45 A
R 484
Power consumed = i × V1 = 0.45 × 217.8 = 98.01 W
(b) for maximum power consumed V2 = 220 + 1% = 220 + 2.2 = 222.2
V 222.2
i= 2 = = 0.459
R 484
Power consumed = i × V2 = 0.459 × 222.2 = 102 W
8. V = 220 v P = 100 w
V2 220  220
R= = = 484 
P 100
P = 150 w V= PR = 150  22  22 = 22 150 = 269.4 ≈ 270 v
V2 48400
9. P = 1000 V = 220 v R= = = 48.4 
P 1000
1
Mass of water =  1000 = 10 kg
100

Heat required to raise the temp. of given amount of water = mst = 10 × 4200 × 25 = 1050000
V2
Now heat liberated is only 60%. So  T  60% = 1050000
R
(220 )2 60 10500 1
   T = 1050000  T =  nub = 29.16 min.
48.4 100 6 60
10. Volume of water boiled = 4 × 200 cc = 800 cc
T1 = 25°C T2 = 100°C  T2 – T1 = 75°C
Mass of water boiled = 800 × 1 = 800 gm = 0.8 kg
Q(heat req.) = MS = 0.8 × 4200 × 75 = 252000 J.
1000 watt – hour = 1000 × 3600 watt-sec = 1000× 3600 J
252000
No. of units = = 0.07 = 7 paise
1000  3600
(b) Q = mST = 0.8 × 4200 × 95 J
0.8  4200  95
No. of units = = 0.0886 ≈ 0.09
1000  3600
Money consumed = 0.09 Rs = 9 paise.
11. P = 100 w V = 220 v
Case I : Excess power = 100 – 40 = 60 w
60  60
Power converted to light = = 36 w
100
(220)2
Case II : Power = = 82.64 w
484
Excess power = 82.64 – 40 = 42.64 w
60
Power converted to light = 42.64  = 25.584 w
100
33.2
 Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current
P = 36 – 25.584 = 10.416
10.416
Required % =  100 = 28.93 ≈ 29%
36
6 1 
12 5 6 12
12. Reff = 1 = i= = Amp.
8 2 5 / 2 5
12 6 
i 6 = (i – i)2  i 6 =  2  2i i
5
24 24 3 2 
8i =  i = = Amp
5 58 5 i-i
12 3 9
i – i =  = Amp
5 5 5

2 9 9
(a) Heat = i RT =   2  15  60 = 5832
5 5
2000 J of heat raises the temp. by 1K
5832 J of heat raises the temp. by 2.916K.
(b) When 6 resistor get burnt Reff = 1 + 2 = 3 
6
i= = 2 Amp.
3
Heat = 2 × 2 × 2 ×15 × 60 = 7200 J
2000 J raises the temp. by 1K
7200 J raises the temp by 3.6k
–6 –6 2
13.  = 0.001°C a = – 46 × 10 v/deg, b = –0. 48 × 10 v/deg
2 –6 –6 2
Emf = aBlAg  +(1/2) bBlAg  = – 46 × 10 × 0.001 – (1/2) × 0.48 × 10 (0.001)
–9 –12 –9 –8
= – 46 × 10 – 0.24 × 10 = – 46.00024 × 10 = – 4.6 × 10 V
2
14. E = aAB + bAB aCuAg = aCuPb – bAgPb = 2.76 – 2.5 = 0.26 v/°C
bCuAg = bCuPb – bAgPb = 0.012 – 0.012 vc = 0
–5
E = aAB = (0.26 × 40) V = 1.04 × 10 V
15.  = 0°C
aCu,Fe = aCu,Pb – aFe,Pb = 2.76 – 16.6 = – 13.8 v/°C
2
BCu,Fe = bCu,Pb – bFe,Pb = 0.012 + 0.030 = 0.042 v/°C
a 13.8
Neutral temp. on – = °C = 328.57°C
b 0.042
16. (a) 1eq. mass of the substance requires 96500 coulombs
Since the element is monoatomic, thus eq. mass = mol. Mass
23
6.023 × 10 atoms require 96500 C
96500 –19
1 atoms require C = 1.6 × 10 C
6.023  10 23
(b) Since the element is diatomic eq.mass = (1/2) mol.mass
23
 (1/2) × 6.023 × 10 atoms 2eq. 96500 C
96500  2 –19
 1 atom require = = 3.2 × 10 C
6.023  10 23
17. At Wt. At = 107.9 g/mole
I = 0.500 A
EAg = 107.9 g [As Ag is monoatomic]
E 107.9
ZAg = = = 0.001118
f 96500
M = Zit = 0.001118 × 0.5 × 3600 = 2.01
33.3
 Thermal & Chemical Effects of Electric Current
18. t = 3 min = 180 sec w=2g
–6
E.C.E = 1.12 × 10 kg/c
–3 –6
 3 × 10 = 1.12 × 10 × i × 180
3  10 3 1
i= =  10 2 ≈ 15 Amp.
1.12  10  6  180 6.72
H2 2
19.  2g 1L
22.4L 22.4
2 1 2 96500
m = Zit = 5T  T =  = 1732.21 sec ≈ 28.7 min ≈ 29 min.
22.4 96500 22.4 5
mm 3  96500
20. w1 = Zit 1=  2  1.5  3600  mm = = 26.8 g/mole
3  96500 2  1.5  3600
E1 w 107.9 w 107.9  3
= 1  = 1  w1 = = 12.1 gm
E2 w2  mm  1 26.8
 
 3 
2
21. I = 15 A Surface area = 200 cm , Thickness = 0.1 mm
3
Volume of Ag deposited = 200 × 0.01 = 2 cm for one side
For both sides, Mass of Ag = 4 × 10.5 = 42 g
E 107.9
ZAg = = m = ZIT
F 96500
107.9 42  96500
 42 =  15  T  T = = 2504.17 sec = 41.73 min ≈ 42 min
96500 107.9  15
20
22. w = Zit <>

107 .9
2.68 =  i  10  60
96500
2.68  965
I= = 3.99 ≈ 4 Amp
107.9  6
2
Heat developed in the 20  resister = (4) × 20 × 10 × 60 = 192000 J = 192 KJ
23. For potential drop, t = 30 min = 180 sec
Vi = Vf + iR  12 = 10 + 2i  i = 1 Amp
107.9
m = Zit =  1 30  60 = 2.01 g ≈ 2 g
96500
2 –4 2
24. A= 10 cm × 10 cm
–6
t = 10m = 10 × 10
–4 –6 2 –10 –8 3
Volume = A(2t) = 10 × 10 × 2 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 10 m
–8 –5
Mass = 2 × 10 × 9000 = 18 × 10 kg
–5 –7
W = Z × C  18 × 10 = 3 × 10 × C
18  10 5 2
q= = 6 × 10
3  10  7
W 2 2
V= =  W = Vq = 12 × 6 × 10 = 76 × 10 = 7.6 KJ
q



33.4