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LOGARITHMS
III. The logarithm of a number contains two parts, namely characteristic and mantissa.
Characteristic: The integral part of the logarithm of a number is called its characteristic.
Mantissa: The decimal part of the logarithm of a number is known is its mantissa. For
mantissa, we look through log table.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1.Evaluate:
(1)log3 27
(2)log7 (1/343)
(3)log100(0.01)
SOLUTION:
(1) let log3 27=33 or n=3.
ie, log3 27 = 3.
EX.2. evaluate
(i) log7 1=0 (ii)log34 34 (iii)36log 6 4
solution:
i) we know that loga 1=0 ,so log7 1=0 .
ii) we know that loga a=1,so log34 34=0.
iii) We know that alog 6 x =x.
now 36log 6 4=(62)log6 4 =6 log 6(16)=16.
Ex.3.if log x=3 (1/3), find the value of x.
(ii)Let log927=n
Then,
9n =27 32n =3 3 2n=3 n=3/2
Again, let log279=m
Then,
27m =9 33m =3 2 3m=2 m=2/3
log927- log279=(n-m)=(3/2-2/3)=5/6
Ex. 7.Simplify:[1/logxy(xyz)+1/logyz(xyz)+1/logzx(xyz)]
Given expression: logxyz xy+ logxyz yz+ logxyz zx
=logxyz (xy*yz*zx)=logxyz (xyz)2
2logxyz(xyz)=2*1=2