UNIVERSIDADTECNOLOGICA DE CIUDAD JUAREZ

SEP

CGUT

MATERIA Procesos de Manufactura II Ttulo: Reporte de Proceso de Forjado y Extruido Alumno: Alonso Garca Salome Jorge Gallegos Guillen Jesus Galindo Maestro: Jose Mario Rocha

TCNICO SUPERIOR UNIVERSITARIO EN: PROCESOS INDUSTRIALES

CD. JUREZ, CHIH.

Enero Abril del 2014

INDEX

1.0 ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................3 2.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................4 3.0 DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................5 3.1 Forged Process ...............................................................................................5 3.2 Forged given open ..........................................................................................6 3.3 Closed Die Forged ..........................................................................................6 3.4 Upsetting and heading ....................................................................................7 3.5 Materials that can forge ...................................................................................8 3.6 Forging Applications ........................................................................................8 4.0 Extruccion process ..........................................................................................9 4.1 Characteristics .............................................................................................10 4.2 Material to be extruded ..................................................................................10 4.3 Aplication .......................................................................................................11 5.0 COMMENTS .................................................................................................12 6.0 CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................12

1.0 ABSTRACT

Forging, process modeling malleable iron and other materials hitting or punching the ductile after them by applying heat. The forging techniques are useful because they allow working metal into the desired shape and also improve its structure, especially as refined grain size. Wrought metal is stronger and more ductile than cast metal and shows a greater resistance to fatigue and impact, thanks to its properties allow to have very strong materials, there are also several types of wrought lit according to consumer desired uses such model, the given model of closed or open as printing etc. , Another very important issue is the subject of the extrusion process Extrusion refers to any processing operation in which a molten material is forced to pass through a die to produce an article of constant cross section and in principle, unlimited length. In addition to plastic , many other materials processed by extrusion , such as metals , ceramics or food to give varied as window frames are aluminum or PVC , pipes , pasta, etc. products. From my point of view plastics extrusion is clearly one of the most important processes of transformation. The plastic extrusion process is carried out in extruders or extruders machines called which allows us to have a major breakthrough and industry.

2.0

INTRODUCTION

This theme focuses primarily on the process of forging and materials extraction, first an overview of the process is done and the main parts of the machine as well as the design specifications are described. The different functions you can perform an extruder (solids conveying, melting, melt transport, mixing and shaping) are explained in detail. Properties of materials and why it All processes Forging is also explained and extruded, their characteristics, these processes their importance will be defined, their history, they generally see the future and its impact today as each one plays a very important role for industry in the world.

3.0DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Forged Proces

Forging is a process of deformation in which between material the is compressed using gradual In the forging pressure is applied by impact or gradually. The difference depends more on the type of

dies,

impact or pressure to form the part. It is the oldest metal forming operation and perhaps dates back to 5000 BC Currently the floor is an important industrial process, by which make a variety of high strength components for automobiles, aerospace vehicles and other applications, the steel

equipment that the differences in process technology . A forging

machine applying impact loads is called hammer forging , while applying gradual pressure is called Press Forged. Another difference between forging operations is the degree to which the flow restrictors given metal working. In response to this classification, there are three types of forging operations: a) Open die forged, b) and c given forged printer) forged barbless.

industry and other forging base metals used to set the basic form of major components which are then machined to its final shape and achieve final dimensions. One way to classify forging operations is by temperature. Most forging

operations are done hot (above and below the crystallization temperature of re ) deformation due to the demand required by the process and the need to reduce drag and increase the ductility of the metal work , however, the cold forging is also very common for certain products. The advantage of cold forged the greatest resistance is acquired by the material resulting from strain hardening.

3.2 Forged given open

The simplest case is to compress wrought a portion of cylindrical section between two given planes, very similar to a compression test. This operation is known as wrought or forged cross-sectional stress: area DEBLA yield a given height h during the process, by multiplying the corresponding

emphasized to stress, reduce the height of the work material and increases its diameter.

F Yf A
Where F = force (N); A = area of the cross section of the part, (mm2);

To determine your height and strength the following formulas is used.

F = stress corresponding to the yield stress given by equation

3.3 Closed die forged

Where ho = initial height of work (mm) and h = height of an intermediate point in the process (mm) At the end of the compression stroke, h = hf (final value) and true stress reaches its maximum value. It can be estimated the strength to run upsetting. One can obtain the force required paracontinuar compression at Sometimes called closed die forging is done with dice inversaa are required to form the part.

Description of the process, Upon closing the given assumption and reach the end, the metal flowing past the die cavity and forms a burr on the small opening between the plates of the die. Although the burr is then cut, really has a major impression wrought by function, because when it starts to form, friction opposes the metal (N);

Where
F = maximum force in the operation,

A = projected area of the part, including the flash, (mm2); F = yield stress of the material (MPa); Kf = form factor of the floor

3.4 Upsetting and heading

continues to flow towards the opening, and thus forces the working material remain in the cavity, in the hot formed, the metal flow restriction is greater because the burr is rapidly cooled thin plates against the die, increasing resistance to deformation. Due to the formation of burrs in the given printing forged and more Upsetting (also called upsetting

forged) is a deformation in which a portion or cylindrical workpiece

increases its diameter and decreases its length. This operation is discussed in our description of open die forged. The upsetting is widely used in the industry to form fastener heads nails, bolts and similar items of hardware. In these applications the

complex forms of parts made with these dice, the forces in this process are considerably larger and more difficult to analyze as opposed to forged die opened. Often formulas and relatively simple design factors are used to estimate the forces on the forged given printer. The formula for force is the same equation as for forging open, but their interpretation is slightly different:

trminoencabezamiento is often used to denote the operation

F K f Yf A
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3.5 Materials that can forge

Aluminum is the most common

3.6 Forging Applications

Forging has many applications in different fields, some of which are: Connecting rods, crankshafts, axles, fences, railings, heads of screws, bolts, rivets, nails, etc.

material can be extruded hot or cold. if hot extrudate is heated to (300 to 600 C). Examples of this product includes trusses, frames, bars and heat sinks among others. Copper (1100-1825 F (600-1000 C)) pipes, wires, rods, bars, tubes,

and welding electrodes. Often 100 ksi (690 MPa) required to extrude the copper. Zinc ((400-650 F (200-350)), rods, bars, tubes, hardware components, assemblies and guardrail Steel (1825-2375 F (1000 C A1300)) rods and tracks, usually steely single coal is extruded. The alloy steel and stainless steel can also be extruded. Titanium ((1100-1825 F (600-1000 C)) aircraft components, seats, tracks, structural rings starts Magnesium ((575 1100 F (300 to 600 C)) at parts of airplanes and parts of nuclear industries.

Advantages
Increases material properties. For high yields and low costs. Finish machining is reduced. Materials can be formed with high hardness / toughness. Very small tolerances. Very fast Productions

numerous extrusion presses in the world that are within the simple description given above, it should be noted that some presses may be used to produce rectangular ingots with a wide section extrusions. Other

Disadvantages
FORGED PRODUCT DEFECTS Lack of reduction Incomplete penetration of metal into the cavity of the tool Surface cracks Overwork on the periphery of the workpiece temperature low or hot shortness Cracks in Burr Impurities in the metal or because the burrs are small Internal Cracks Caused by tension arising from large deformacione

presses are designed to move the array along the strand, the latter operation is often called "indirect" extrusion.

4.0 Extruccion process

The term "extrusion" is usually applied to both the process and the product obtained when a hot cylindrical

The versatility of the process in terms of the number of possible ways alloys and makes it one of the most valuable in enabling the manufacturer of

aluminum ingot (billet call) passes through a suitably shaped die (direct or forward extrusion). The resulting profile can be used in long lengths, and can be cut for use in structures, motor vehicles or components.

aluminum profiles offer customers solutions elements. to their design needs

Extrusion is also used as raw material for bars machined, forged products or cold extrusion. Although most of the

4.1 Characteristics
The key features of the process are: A hot ingot, billet cut a long (or, for small diameters, larger extruded bar), is housed in a heated container, usually between 450 C and 500 C. At these temperatures, the flow stress of the aluminum alloy is low, and these topics, with pure aluminum on one side of the scale, and strong

alloys

Aluminium-Zinc-Magnesium-

Copper on the other. The alloys of the 6000 series (Aluminum-MagnesiumSilicon) occupy most of the market for extrusion.

applying pressure by means of a hydraulic piston (ram) the metal flows through a steel matrix at the other end of the container. This process leads, as a result, the cross section profile is defined by the shape of the matrix

4.2 Material to be extruded

Aluminum is the most common

material can be extruded hot or cold. if hot extrudate is heated to (300 to 600 C). Examples of this product includes trusses, frames, bars and heat sinks among others. Copper (1100-1825 F (600-1000 C)) pipes, wires, rods, bars, tubes, and welding electrodes. Often 100 ksi (690 MPa) required to extrude the

All aluminum alloys can be extruded, but some are less suitable than others, as they you require allow only higher low

copper. Lead and tin ((maximum 575 F (300 C)) pipes, wires, tubes and outer cable jackets. Smelting lead is also used instead of vertical extrusion press Zinc ((400-650 F (200-350)), rods, bars, tubes, hardware components, assemblies and guardrail

pressures,

extrusion speeds and / or have surface finish and lower complexity of the desired profile. The term

"extrudability" is used to cover all

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Steel (1825-2375 F (1000 C A1300)) rods and tracks, usually steely single coal is extruded. The alloy steel and stainless steel can also be extruded. Titanium ((1100-1825 F (600-1000 C)) aircraft components, seats, tracks, structural rings starts Magnesium ((575 1100 F (300 to 600 C)) at parts of airplanes and parts of nuclear industries.

Advantages
Has high productivity and is the most important process of getting plastic forms as output. Its operation is more simple, because once established operating conditions, production continues without problems as long as there is no further disturbance.

The cost of extrusion machinery is moderate compared to other processes such as injection molding, blow or Calandreo, and good flexibility to change
products without major investments.

4.3 Applications
Condition pipe for water and sewer? Manguea garden? Maguera for medical use? Straws? Coating? Wire for electric and telephone use? Profile? Sheets blind? Window frames? Flumes Water? Flat Sheet and Film Raffia? Tablecloths for table and individual? Tape? Strapping for packaging? Monofilament Filaments? Carpet (Strand carpets)

Disadvantages

The impurities and defects in the surface of the bar affecting the surface of the extrusion. Before being used, the bar must be cleaned or polished with a wire brush. This process is not as versatile as the direct extrusion because the cross sectional area is limited by the maximum size of the stem.

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5.0 COMMENTS
For the process of Forged see some important points to consider as they are vital to the process one of them is the weight loads, deformation,

6.0 CONCLUSIO
Forging is an ancient process, but the CAD and the method of finite element analysis has improved the designs. The dice are the most important parts of a machine forging. Isothermal

temperatures and impact the life of the equipment, another important point is DAC, and that this computer system a great breakthrough, designs and tools are also complied, the process

forging without flash, are advances in forging for the elimination of

secondary processes. The extrusion process because we will allow a wide range of innovative products and a high nutritional value that are made from basic ingredients. Extrusion in the field of food

extruccion is compatible with other applications process improvement of existing products (sensory, nutritional, functional ingredients, stability etc..), or related to fitness assessment of new ingredients, processed by

engineering will allow us to reduce costs and increase production

extrusion to.

capacity as it is cheaper and more productive than traditional production processes process. In the extrusion, it is possible to control the density and level of cooking with a wide range of raw materials. The kibble and is has also

excellent

digestibility

pasteurized.

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