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Outline
TOPIC 5 : WORK SAMPLING
5.1 Elemental ratio analysis 5.1.1 Elemental breakdown 5.1.2 Ratio estimates 5.1.3 Accuracy and confidence levels 5.1.4 Sampling and sample size 5.2 Performance sampling studies 5.3 Time standard development studies
Learning Outcome
Upon successful completion of this topic, the student will be able to: Perform:
Analyze elemental ratio Element breakdown The accuracy and confidence levels Calculate sample size Developing time standard
Work Sampling
Work sampling was developed in England by L.Tippet in the 1930s. Labor standard is set using output and percentage (%) of time worker spend on tasks. Involves observing worker at random time over a long period.
Work Sampling
Work Sampling is a technique of getting idea about utilization of machines or human beings through a large number of instantaneous observations taken at random time intervals intervals. . The ratio of observations of a given activity to the total number of observations approximates the percentage of time that activity is in that state of action/inaction
Step 4.
Work Sampling
Estimate employees idle 25% of the time Sample should be accurate within 3% Wants to have 95.45% confidence in the results
n=
z2 p(1 - p) h2
where
n z p h
n=
= = = =
required sample size 2 for a 95.45% confidence level estimate of idle proportion = 25% = .25 acceptable error of 3% = .03
= 833 observations
Travel 20% Paperwork 17% Lunch and personal 10% Meetings and other 8%
Figure S10.3