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19-0431; Rev 2; 8/01

Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
General Description Features

MAX951–MAX954
The MAX951–MAX954 feature combinations of a ♦ Op Amp + Comparator + Reference in an 8-Pin
micropower operational amplifier, comparator, and ref- µMAX Package (MAX951/MAX952)
erence in an 8-pin package. In the MAX951 and
MAX952, the comparator’s inverting input is connected ♦ 7µA Typical Supply Current
to an internal 1.2V ±2% bandgap reference. The (Op Amp + Comparator + Reference)
MAX953 and MAX954 are offered without an internal ♦ Comparator and Op Amp Input Range Includes
reference. The MAX951/MAX952 operate from a single
2.7V to 7V supply with a typical supply current of 7µA, Ground
while the MAX953/MAX954 operate from 2.4V to 7V with ♦ Outputs Swing Rail-to-Rail
a 5µA typical supply current. Both the op amp and
♦ 2.4V to 7V Supply Voltage Range
comparator feature a common-mode input voltage
range that extends from the negative supply rail to with- ♦ Unity-Gain Stable and 125kHz Decompensated
in 1.6V of the positive rail, as well as output stages that AV ≥ 10V/V Op Amp Options
swing Rail-to-Rail®.
♦ Internal 1.2V ±2% Bandgap Reference
The op amps in the MAX951/MAX953 are internally
compensated to be unity-gain stable, while the op ♦ Internal Comparator Hysteresis
amps in the MAX952/MAX954 feature 125kHz typical ♦ Op Amp Capable of Driving up to 1000pF Load
bandwidth, 66V/ms slew rate, and stability for gains of
10V/V or greater. These op amps have a unique output
stage that enables them to operate with an ultra-low Selector Guide
supply current while maintaining linearity under loaded
INTERNAL OP AMP
conditions. In addition, they have been designed to
2% GAIN SUPPLY
exhibit good DC characteristics over their entire operat-
PART PRECISION STABILITY COMPARATOR CURRENT
ing temperature range, minimizing input-referred errors. (µA)
REFERENCE (V/V)
The comparator output stage of these devices continu-
ously sources as much as 40mA. The comparators MAX951 Yes 1 Yes 7
eliminate power-supply glitches that commonly occur MAX952 Yes 10 Yes 7
when changing logic states, minimizing parasitic feed-
MAX953 No 1 Yes 5
back and making the devices easier to use. In addition,
they contain ±3mV internal hysteresis to ensure clean MAX954 No 10 Yes 5
output switching, even with slow-moving input signals.

Applications Pin Configuration


Instruments, Terminals, and Bar-Code Readers
TOP VIEW
Battery-Powered Systems
Automotive Keyless Entry
Low-Frequency, Local-Area Alarms/Detectors
AMPOUT 1 8 VDD
Photodiode Preamps AMPIN- 2 MAX951 7 COMPOUT
Smart Cards AMPIN+ 3
MAX952 6 REF (COMPIN-)
MAX953
Infrared Receivers for Remote Controls VSS 4 MAX954 5 COMPIN+

Smoke Detectors and Safety Sensors DIP/SO/µMAX

( ) ARE FOR MAX953/MAX954

Typical Operating Circuit and Ordering Information appear


Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd. at end of data sheet.

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX951–MAX954

Supply Voltage (VDD to VSS) ....................................................9V 8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)................471mW
Inputs 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C) ...........330mW
Current (AMPIN_, COMPIN_)..........................................20mA 8-Pin CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C)........640mW
Voltage (AMPIN_, COMPIN_).......(VDD + 0.3V) to (VSS - 0.3V) Operating Temperature Ranges
Outputs MAX95_E_A .....................................................-40°C to +85°C
Current (AMPOUT, COMPOUT)......................................50mA MAX95_MJA ..................................................-55°C to +125°C
Current (REF) ..................................................................20mA Maximum Junction Temperatures
Voltage (AMPOUT, COMPOUT, MAX95_E_A .................................................................+150°C
REF)...................................(VDD + 0.3V) to (VSS - 0.3V) MAX95_MJA.................................................................+175°C
Short-Circuit Duration (REF, AMPOUT)..................Continuous Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +165°C
Short-Circuit Duration (COMPOUT, VDD to VSS ≤ 7V) ......1min Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
8-Pin Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) ...727mW
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 2.8V to 7V for MAX951/MAX952, VDD = 2.4V to 7V for MAX953/MAX954, VSS = 0, VCM COMP = 0 for the MAX953/MAX954,
VCM OPAMP = 0, AMPOUT = (VDD + VSS)/2, COMPOUT = low, TA = TMIN to TMAX, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
TA = TMIN to TMAX 2.8 7.0
MAX951/MAX952
Supply Voltage Range VDD TA = -10°C to +85°C TA = -10°C to +85°C 2.7 7.0 V
MAX953/MAX954 2.4 7.0
TA = +25°C, MAX951/MAX952 7 10
MAX951E/MAX952E 11
Supply Current MAX951M/MAX952M 13
IS µA
(Note 1) TA = +25°C, MAX953/MAX954 5 8
MAX953E/MAX954E 9
MAX953M/MAX954M 11
COMPARATOR
TA = +25°C 1 3
Input Offset Voltage MAX95_EPA/ESA 14
VOS mV
(Note 2) MAX95_EUA (µMAX) 14
MAX95_MJA 6
TA = +25°C 4
Trip Point MAX95_EUA (µMAX) 17
mV
(Note 3) MAX95_EPA/ESA 5
MAX95_MJA 7
TA = +25°C 0.003 0.050
Input Leakage Current
MAX95_E 0.003 5 nA
(Note 4)
MAX95_M 40
Common-Mode Input Range CMVR VSS VDD - 1.6V V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VSS to (VDD - 1.6V), MAX953/MAX954 0.1 1 mV/V

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MAX951–MAX954
(VDD = 2.8V to 7V for MAX951/MAX952, VDD = 2.4V to 7V for MAX953/MAX954, VSS = 0, VCM COMP = 0 for the MAX953/MAX954,
VCM OPAMP = 0, AMPOUT = (VDD + VSS)/2, COMPOUT = low, TA = TMIN to TMAX, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
MAX951/MAX952, VDD = 2.8V to 7V 0.05 1
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR mV/V
MAX953/MAX954, VDD = 2.4V to 7V 0.05 1
CL = 100pF, TA = VOD = 10mV 22
Response Time tpd µs
+25°C, VDD - VSS = 5V VOD = 100mV 4
Output High Voltage VOH ISOURCE = 2mA VDD - 0.4V V
Output Low Voltage VOL ISINK = 1.8mA VSS + 0.4V V
REFERENCE
MAX95_EPA/ESA 1.176 1.200 1.224
Reference Voltage
VREF MAX95_EUA (µMAX) 1.130 1.200 1.270 V
(Note 5)
MAX95_MJA 1.164 1.200 1.236
IOUT = ±20µA, TA = +25°C 0.1
Load Regulation IOUT = ±6µA, MAX95_E 1.5 %
IOUT = ±3µA, MAX95_M 1.5
Voltage Noise en 0.1Hz to 10Hz 16 µVP-P
OP AMP
TA = +25°C 1 3
MAX95_EPA/ESA 4
Input Offset Voltage VOS mV
MAX95_EUA (µMAX) 5
MAX95_MJA 5
TA = +25°C 0.003 0.050
Input Bias Current IB MAX95_E 0.003 5 nA
MAX95_M 0.003 40
TA = +25°C 100 1000
Large-Signal Gain AMPOUT = 0.5V to
AVOL MAX95_E 50 V/mV
(No Load) 4.5V, VDD - VSS = 5V
MAX95_M 10
TA = +25°C 40 150
Large-Signal Gain AMPOUT = 0.5V to
AVOL MAX95_E 25 V/mV
(100kΩ Load to VSS) 4.5V, VDD - VSS = 5V
MAX95_M 5
AV = 1V/V, MAX951/MAX953, VDD - VSS = 5V 20
Gain Bandwidth GBW kHz
AV = 10V/V, MAX952/MAX954, VDD - VSS = 5V 125
AV = 1V/V, MAX951/MAX953, VDD - VSS = 5V 12.5
Slew Rate SR V/ms
AV = 10V/V, MAX952/MAX954, VDD - VSS = 5V 66
Common-Mode Input Range CMVR VSS VDD - 1.6 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VCM OPAMP = VSS to (VDD - 1.6V) 0.03 1 mV/V
VDD = 2.8V to 7V, MAX951/MAX952 0.07 1.0
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR mV/V
VDD = 2.4V to 7V, MAX953/MAX954 0.07 1.0
fo = 1kHz 80 nV√Hz
Input Noise Voltage en
fo = 0.1Hz to 10Hz 1.2 µVP-P

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX951–MAX954

(VDD = 2.8V to 7V for MAX951/MAX952, VDD = 2.4V to 7V for MAX953/MAX954, VSS = 0, VCM COMP = 0 for the MAX953/MAX954,
VCM OPAMP = 0, AMPOUT = (VDD + VSS)/2, COMPOUT = low, TA = TMIN to TMAX, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Output High Voltage VOH RL = 100kΩ to VSS VDD - 500mV V
Output Low Voltage VOL RL = 100kΩ to VSS VSS + 50mV V
TA = +25°C 70
TA = +25°C, VDD - VSS = 5V 300 820
Output Source Current ISRC µA
MAX95_E 60
MAX95_M 40
TA = +25°C 70
TA = +25°C, VDD - VSS = 5V 200 570 µA
Output Sink Current ISNK µA
MAX95_E 50
MAX95_M 30

Note 1: Supply current is tested with COMPIN+ = (REF - 100mV) for MAX951/MAX952, and COMPIN+ = 0 for MAX953/MAX954.
Note 2: Input Offset Voltage is defined as the center of the input-referred hysteresis. VCM COMP = REF for MAX951/MAX952, and
VCM COMP = 0 for MAX953/MAX954.
Note 3: Trip Point is defined as the differential input voltage required to make the comparator output change. The difference
between upper and lower trip points is equal to the width of the input-referred hysteresis. VCM COMP = REF for
MAX951/MAX952, and VCM COMP = 0 for MAX953/MAX954.
Note 4: For MAX951/MAX952, input leakage current is measured for COMPIN- at the reference voltage. For MAX953/MAX954, input
leakage current is measured for both COMPIN+ and COMPIN- at VSS.
Note 5: Reference voltage is measured with respect to VSS. Contact factory for availability of a 3% accurate reference voltage in the
µMAX package.

4 ________________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
Typical Operating Characteristics

MAX951–MAX954
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

SUPPLY CURRENT SUPPLY CURRENT


vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
9 10 1.220

MAX951-954-toc03
MAX951-954-toc02
MAX951-954-toc01

8 9 1.215
8

REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)


7
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

1.210
MAX951/MAX952 7
6 MAX951/MAX952
1.205
6
5
5 1.200
4 MAX953/MAX954
4 MAX953/MAX954
1.195
3 3
VCM OPAMP = 0 VDD = 2.8V (MAX951/952), VDD = 2.4V 1.190
2 AMPOUT = (VDD + VSS)/2 2 (MAX953/954), VSS = 0, VCM OPAMP = 0
1 COMP- = 1.2V or REF AMPOUT = 1/2 VDD, COMP- = 1.2V or REF 1.185 VDD = 5V
1
COMP+ = 1.1V COMP+ = 1.1V
0 0 1.180
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO DC OPEN-LOOP GAIN vs.


vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY SUPPLY VOLTAGE
1.30 80 1x107
MAX951-954-toc05

MAX951-954-toc06
MAX951-954-toc04

VSUPPLY = 5V VDD = 2.0 to 3.0V, VSS = -2.5V


1.28 NONINVERTING
70 AMPIN+ = 0 1x106
DC OPEN-LOOP GAIN (V/V)

1.26 ACL = 1V/V (MAX951/2)


REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

SINKING CURRENT 60
1.24
ACL = 10V/V (MAX953/4), 1x105
COMP- = 1.2V or REF
1.22 50 COMP+ = 1.1V from VSS
PSRR (dB)

1x104
1.20 40 A
1x103
1.18 30 C
1.16 B 1x102
SOURCING CURRENT 20
1.14 A: MAX951/952 REF
10 B: MAX951/953 OP AMP 1x101
1.12 1mHz INPUT SIGNAL
C: MAX952/954 OP AMP RL = 100kΩ
1.10 0 1x100
1 10 100 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
LOAD CURRENT (µA) FREQUENCY (Hz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

MAX951/MAX953 MAX952/MAX954
DC OPEN-LOOP GAIN OPEN-LOOP GAIN AND PHASE OPEN-LOOP GAIN AND PHASE
vs. TEMPERATURE vs. FREQUENCY MAX951-954-toc08 vs. FREQUENCY MAX951-954-toc09
1x106 100 0 100 0
MAX951-954-toc07

1x105 80 -60 80 -60


DC OPEN-LOOP GAIN (V/V)

PHASE SHIFT (Degrees)


PHASE SHIFT (Degrees)
OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB)
OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB)

1x104 60 PHASE -120 60 PHASE -120

GAIN
1x103 40 -180 40 -180
GAIN

1x102 20 -240 20 -240

VDD = 5V 0 -300 0 -300


1x101
1MHz INPUT SIGNAL RL = 100kΩ RL = 100kΩ
RL = 100kΩ
1x100 -20 -360 -20 -360
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
TEMPERATURE (°C) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
MAX951–MAX954

Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)


(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OP AMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE OP AMP SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT


vs. LOAD CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
0.10 2000

MAX951–954 TOC10

MAX951–954 TOC11
A, D: VSUPPLY = ±1.5V NONINVERTING
0.08
B, E: VSUPPLY = ±2.5V A B C
AMPIN+ = (VDD - VSS)/2
C, F: VSUPPLY = ±3.5V 1500
0.06

OUTPUT CURRENT (µA)


0.04
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

SINKING CURRENT 1000


0.02
SHORT TO VSS
0.10 500
-0.02
SOURCING CURRENT
-0.04 0
D E F SHORT TO VDD
-0.06
NONINVERTING -500
-0.08 AMPIN+ = GND
-0.10 -1000
1 10 100 1000 2000 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
LOAD CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

OP AMP PERCENT OVERSHOOT COMPARATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE


vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD vs. LOAD CURRENT
100 5.0
MAX951–954 TOC12

MAX951–954 TOC13
PARTS–VSUPPLY SOURCING CURRENT
90 A: MAX951/952, 3V 4.5
80 B: MAX951/953, 5V
4.0
D: MAX952/954, 3V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

70 E: MAX952/954, 5V 3.5
OVERSHOOT (%)

60 MAX951/953, A = 1V/V 3.0


E C
50 MAX952/954, A = 10V/V
AMPOUT = 1VP-P D
2.5
B
40 VCM = (VDD - VSS/2) 2.0
30 A VSUPPLY = 5V
1.5
20 1.0
10 0.5
SINKING CURRENT
0 0
101 102 103 104 105 106 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 200
CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF) LOAD CURRENT (mA)

COMPARATOR SHORT-CIRCUIT
CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
250
MAX951-954 TOC14
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)

200

150
SOURCING CURRENT
100

50

0
SINKING CURRENT

-50
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

6 ________________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

MAX951–MAX954
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME


FOR VARIOUS INPUT OVERDRIVES (FALLING) FOR VARIOUS INPUT OVERDRIVES (RISING)
MAX951-954 TOC16

MAX951-954 TOC15
INPUT
0
100mV/div
OUTPUT
1V/div

100mV

100mV
OUTPUT
50mV 20mV 10mV 10mV
1V/div
0 50mV 20mV
INPUT
100mV/div 0 0

2µs/div 2µs/div
MAX953: LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF, VSUPPLY = 5V MAX953: LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF, VSUPPLY = 5V

MAX951/MAX953 OP AMP MAX951/MAX953 OP AMP


SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE

MAX951-954 TOC18
MAX951-954 TOC17

INPUT INPUT
200mV/div 2V/div

OUTPUT
OUTPUT 2.5V 2.5V
1V/div
50mV/div

100µs/div 200µs/div
NONINVERTING: AVCL = 1V/V, NONINVERTING, AVCL = 1V/V,
LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF to VSS, VSUPPLY = 5V LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF to VSS, VSUPPLY = 5V

MAX952/MAX954 OP AMP MAX952/MAX954 OP AMP


SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX951-954 TOC20
MAX951-954 TOC19

INPUT INPUT
20mV/div 200mV/div

OUTPUT OUTPUT
50mV/div 2.5V 1V/div 2.5V

100µs/div 100µs/div
NONINVERTING, AVCL = 10V/V, NONINVERTING, AVCL = 10V/V,
LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF to VSS, VSUPPLY = 5V LOAD = 100kΩ || 100pF to VSS, VSUPPLY = 5V

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
Pin Description
MAX951–MAX954

PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX951 MAX953
MAX952 MAX954
1 1 AMPOUT Op Amp Output
2 2 AMPIN- Inverting Op Amp Input
3 3 AMPIN+ Noninverting Op Amp Input
4 4 VSS Negative Supply or Ground
5 5 COMPIN+ Noninverting Comparator Input
6 — REF 1.200V Reference Output. Also connected to inverting comparator input.
— 6 COMPIN- Inverting Comparator Input
7 7 COMPOUT Comparator Output
8 8 VDD Positive Supply

Functional Diagrams

AMPOUT
VDD 8
1 8
OP AMP AMPOUT VDD
COMPOUT 7 MAX953
1
OP AMP MAX954
2 AMPIN- COMPOUT 7
x1
3 AMPIN+ 2 AMPIN-
COMPIN- 6
1.20V REF 6 3 AMPIN+
4 VSS
COMP
COMP 4 COMPIN+ 5
MAX951 COMPIN+ 5 VSS
MAX952

Figure 1. MAX951–MAX954 Functional Diagrams

Detailed Description high-impedance differential inputs and a common-


mode input voltage range that extends from the nega-
The MAX951–MAX954 are combinations of a micropow-
tive supply rail to within 1.6V of the positive rail. They
er op amp, comparator, and reference in an 8-pin pack-
have a CMOS output stage that swings rail to rail and is
age, as shown in Figure 1. In the MAX951/MAX952, the
driven by a proprietary high gain stage, which enables
comparator’s negative input is connected to a 1.20V
them to operate with an ultra-low supply current while
±2% bandgap reference. All four devices are optimized
maintaining linearity under loaded conditions. Careful
to operate from a single supply. Supply current is less
design results in good DC characteristics over their
than 10µA (7µA typical) for the MAX951/MAX952 and
entire operating temperature range, minimizing input
less than 8µA (5µA typical) for the MAX953/MAX954.
referred errors.
Op Amp Comparator
The op amps in the MAX951/MAX953 are internally
The comparator in the MAX951–MAX954 has a high-
compensated to be unity-gain stable, while the op
impedance differential input stage with a common-
amps in the MAX952/MAX954 feature 125kHz typical
mode input voltage range that extends from the
gain bandwidth, 66V/ms slew rate, and stability for
negative supply rail to within 1.6V of the positive rail.
gains of 10V/V or greater. All these op amps feature
Their CMOS output stage swings rail-to-rail and can

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference

MAX951–MAX954
R2 R2

R1 RA
VIN VS
COMPOUT COMPOUT

REF RB REF

Figure 2. External Hysteresis


continuously source as much as 40mA. The compara- Comparator Hysteresis
tors eliminate power-supply glitches that commonly Hysteresis increases the comparator’s noise immunity
occur when changing logic states, minimizing parasitic by increasing the upper threshold and decreasing the
feedback and making them easier to use. In addition, lower threshold. The comparator in these devices con-
they include internal hysteresis (±3mV) to ensure clean tain a ±3mV wide internal hysteresis band to ensure
output switching, even with slow-moving input signals. clean output switching, even with slow-moving signals.
The inputs can be taken above and below the supply When necessary, hysteresis can be increased by using
rails up to 300mV without damage. Input voltages external resistors to add positive feedback, as shown in
beyond this range can forward bias the ESD-protection Figure 2. This circuit increases hysteresis at the
diodes and should be avoided. expense of more supply current and a slower
The MAX951–MAX954 comparator outputs swing rail- response. The design procedure is as follows:
to-rail (from VDD to VSS). TTL compatibility is assured 1) Set R2. The leakage current in COMPIN+ is less
by using a 5V ±10% supply. than 5nA (up to +85°C), so current through R2 can
The MAX951–MAX954 comparators continuously output be as little as 500nA and still maintain good accura-
source currents as high as 40mA and sink currents of cy. If R2 = 2.4MΩ, the current through R2 at the
over 5mA, while keeping quiescent currents in the upper trip point is VREF/R2 or 500nA.
microampere range. The output can source 100mA (at 2) Choose the width of the hysteresis band. In this
VDD = 5V) for short pulses, as long as the package’s example choose VEHYST = 50mV.
maximum power dissipation is not exceeded. The out-
put stage does not generate crowbar switching currents
during transitions; this minimizes feedback through the R1 = R2
[VEHYST − 2VIHYST ]
supplies and helps ensure stability without bypassing. (VDD + 2VIHYST )
Reference where the internal hysteresis is VIHYST = 3mV.
The internal reference in the MAX951/MAX952 has an 3) Determine R1. If the supply voltage is 5V, then R1 =
output of 1.20V with respect to VSS. Its accuracy is ±2% 24kΩ.
in the -40°C to +85°C temperature range. It is comprised
4) Check the hysteresis trip points. The upper trip point is
of a trimmed bandgap reference fed by a proportional-
to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current source and
(R1 + R2)
buffered by a micropower unity-gain amplifier. The REF
output is typically capable of sourcing and sinking 20µA.
VIN(H) =
R2
(VREF + VIHYST )
Do not bypass the reference output. The reference is
stable for capacitive loads less than 100pF. or 1.22V in our example. The lower trip point is 50mV
less, or 1.17V in our example.
Applications Information If a resistor divider is used for R1, the calculations
The micropower MAX951–MAX954 are designed to should be modified using a Thevenin equivalent
extend battery life in portable instruments and add model.
functionality in power-limited industrial controls.
5) Determine RA:
Following are some practical considerations for circuit
design and layout.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
MAX951–MAX954

ANTENNA VCC = 5V

AMPIN+
0.1µF
0.1µF MAX952
AMPOUT
20kΩ 10MΩ
C1A AMP
390pF
L1 C1B
R2 330mH 330pF 1MΩ
C1C
20pF to 100kΩ 1.2V COMP
60pF
R1 5.1MΩ
1 REF
L1 x C1 =
(2πfC)2
2pF to 10pF LAYOUT-SENSITIVE AREA,
METAL RFI SHIELDING ADVISED

Figure 3. Compensation for Feedback-Node Capacitance Figure 4. Low-Frequency Radio Receiver Application

V Op Amp Stability and Board Layout


R A ≈ R2 SHYST , for VSHYST >> VIHYST Considerations
VDD
Unlike other industry-standard micropower CMOS
In the example, RA is again 24kΩ. op amps, the op amps in the MAX951–MAX954 main-
tain stability in their minimum gain configuration while
6) Select the upper trip point VS(H). Our example is set driving heavy capacitive loads, as demonstrated in the
at 4.75V. MAX951/MAX953 Op Amp Percent Overshoot vs.
7) Calculate RB. Capacitive Load graph in the Typical Operating
Characteristics.

RB =
(VREF + VIHYST ) (R2)(R A ) Although this family is primarily designed for low-
(R2) VS(H)  (
− VREF + VIHSYT )(R A )
+ R2
frequency applications, good layout is extremely impor-
tant. Low-power, high-impedance circuits may increase
the effects of board leakage and stray capacitance. For
where RB is 8.19kΩ, or approximately 8.2kΩ. example, the combination of a 10MΩ resistance (from
leakage between traces on a contaminated, poorly
Input Noise Considerations
designed PC board) and a 1pF stray capacitance
Because low power requirements often demand high-
provides a pole at approximately 16kHz, which is near
impedance circuits, effects from radiated noise are more
the amplifier’s bandwidth. Board routing and layout
significant. Thus, traces between the op amp or com-
should minimize leakage and stray capacitance. In
parator inputs and any resistor networks attached should
some cases, stray capacitance may be unavoidable
be kept as short as possible.
and it may be necessary to add a 2pF to 10pF capaci-
Crosstalk tor across the feedback resistor to compensate; select
the smallest capacitor value that ensures stability.
Reference
Internal crosstalk to the reference from the comparator Input Overdrive
is package dependent. Typical values (VDD = 5V) are With 100mV overdrive, comparator propagation delay
45mV for the plastic DIP package and 32mV for the SO is typically 6µs. The Typical Operating Characteristics
package. Applications using the reference for the op show propagation delay for various overdrive levels.
amp or external circuitry can eliminate this crosstalk by
Supply current can increase when the op amp in the
using a simple RC lowpass filter, as shown in Figure 5.
MAX951–MAX954 is overdriven to the negative supply rail.
Op Amp For example, when connecting the op amp as a compara-
Internal crosstalk to the op amp from the comparator is tor and applying a -100mV input overdrive, supply current
package dependent, but not input-referred. Typical rises by around 15µA and 32µA for supply voltages of
values (VDD = 5V) are 4mV for the plastic DIP package 2.8V and 7V, respectively.
and 280µV for the SO package.

10 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference

MAX951–MAX954
VCC = 5V
C2 MAX953
10kHz 15pF, 5%
5VP-P VCC
NEC R2
NEC PH302B
SE307-C 1.0MΩ,1% 0.1µF
4.7MΩ
30kΩ 10MΩ RADIOACTIVE
51Ω
R1A AMP
IONIZATION
C1 CHAMBER AMP
49.9kΩ, 1% 150pF, 5%
SMOKE SENSOR
R1B COMP
49.9kΩ, 1%
100kΩ 1.2V COMP

0.1µF LAYOUT-SENSITIVE AREA


MAX952 REF 5.1MΩ
LAYOUT-SENSITIVE AREA
1
R1 x C1 = R2 x C2 =
2π fC

Figure 5. Infrared Receiver Application Figure 6. Sensor Preamp and Alarm Trigger Application

Power-Supply Bypassing receiver. The op amp is configured as a Delyiannis-


Power-supply bypass capacitors are not required if the Friend bandpass filter to reduce disturbances from
supply impedance is low. For single-supply applications, noise and eliminate low-frequency interference from
it is good general practice to bypass VDD with a. 0.1µF sunlight, fluorescent lights, etc. This circuit is applica-
capacitor to ground. Do not bypass the reference output. ble for TV remote controls and low-frequency data links
up to 20kbps. Carrier frequencies are limited to around
Applications Circuits 10kHz. 10kHz is used in the example circuit.
Low-Frequency Radio Receiver for Component layout and routing for the amplifier should
Alarms and Detectors be tight to reduce stray capacitance, 60Hz interfer-
The circuit in Figure 4 is useful as a front end for low- ence, and RFI from the comparator. Crosstalk from
comparator edges will distort the amplifier signal. In
frequency RF alarms. The unshielded inductor (M7334-
order to minimize the effect, a lowpass RC filter is
ND from Digikey) is used with capacitors C1A, C1B, and
added to the connection from the reference to the non-
C1C in a resonant circuit to provide frequency selectivity. inverting input of the op amp.
The op amp from a MAX952 amplifies the signal
received. The comparator improves noise immunity, Sensor Preamp and Alarm Trigger for
provides a signal strength threshold, and translates the Smoke Detectors
received signal into a pulse train. Carrier frequencies are The high-impedance CMOS inputs of the MAX951–
limited to around 10kHz. 10kHz is used in the example in MAX954 op amps are ideal for buffering high-imped-
Figure 4. ance sensors, such as smoke detector ionization cham-
bers, piezoelectric transducers, gas detectors, and pH
The layout and routing of components for the amplifier
sensors. Input bias currents are typically less than 3pA
should be tight to minimize 60Hz interference and
at room temperature. A 5µA typical quiescent current
crosstalk from the comparator. Metal shielding is
for the MAX953 will minimize battery drain without
recommended to prevent RFI from the comparator or
resorting to complex sleep schemes, allowing continu-
digital circuitry from exciting the receiving antenna. The
ous monitoring and immediate detection.
transmitting antenna can be long parallel wires spaced
about 7.2cm apart, with equal but opposite currents. Ionization-type smoke detectors use a radioactive source,
Radio waves from this antenna will be detectable when such as Americium, to ionize smoke particles. A positive
the receiver is brought within close proximity, but voltage on a plate attached to the source repels the posi-
cancel out at greater distances. tive smoke ions and accelerates them toward an outer
electrode connected to ground. Some ions collect on an
Infrared Receiver Front End for intermediate plate. With careful design, the voltage on this
Remote Controls and Data Links plate will stabilize at a little less than one-half the supply
The circuit in Figure 5 uses the MAX952 as a pin photo- voltage under normal conditions, but rise higher when
diode preamplifier and discriminator for an infrared smoke increases the ion current. This voltage is buffered

______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Ultra-Low-Power, Single-Supply
Op Amp + Comparator + Reference
by the high-input-impedance op amp of a MAX951 Chip Topography
MAX951–MAX954

(Figure 6). The comparator and resistor voltage divider


set an alarm threshold to indicate a fire.
V DD
Design and fabrication of the connection from the inter- AMPOUT
mediate plate of the ionization chamber to the nonin-
verting input of the op amp is critical, since the AMPIN- COMPOUT
impedance of this node must be well above 50MΩ. This
connection must be as short and direct as possible to 0.084"
prevent charge leakage and 60Hz interference. Where (2.134mm)
possible, the grounded outer electrode or chassis of AMPIN+ REF(COMPIN-)
the ionization chamber should shield this connection to
reduce 60Hz interference. Pay special attention to
board cleaning, to prevent leakage due to ionic com-
pounds such as chlorides, flux, and other contaminants V SS COMPIN+
from the manufacturing process. Where applicable, a
coating of high-purity wax may be used to insulate this 0.058"
connection and prevent leakage due to surface mois- (1.473mm)
ture or an accumulation of dirt.
( ) ARE FOR MAX953/MAX954

Ordering Information
Chip Information
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX951C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice* TRANSISTOR COUNT: 163
MAX951EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic Dip SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO VDD
MAX951ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX951EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX __________Typical Operating Circuit
MAX951MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP**
MAX952C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice* 8 VCC
MAX952EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic Dip 0.1µF
AMPIN+
MAX952ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO 3
INPUT
MAX952EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX MAX951
2
MAX952MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP** MAX952
MAX953C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
1
5
MAX953EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic Dip 1MΩ
R2 COMPOUT
MAX953ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
6 7
MAX953EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX R1

MAX953MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP**


REF 1.20V
MAX954C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX954EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic Dip 4 VSS
MAX954ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX954EUA -40°C to +85°C 8 µMAX
MAX954MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP** Package Information
*Dice are tested at TA = +25°C, DC parameters only. For the latest package outline information, go to
**Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883. www.maxim-ic.com/packages.

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

12 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

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