Endocrine System

By: Henrique

What is the Endocrine System?

It is similar and it works together with the nervous system. But unlike the
nervous system the responses of the endocrine system are slow and have a longer effect. It regulates every body function.

There are many of glands and hormones consisting inside this system. IT DOES EVERYTHING!! From making us grow to the reproductive
processes.

Secretion doesnt travel by pathways.

The main processers

The system depends on your glands and hormones. The hormones are the neurons in the endocrine system. The glands give off or secrete chemicals. The glands are a group of
special cells.

Hormones

There are over 50 hormones in our body. They are the bodys chemical message.

It has many functions. But it is specifically to work on specific organs only.

It is secreted by glands.

Glands!!
There are 2 types of glands: Endocrine and exocrine.
List of the major glands: Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal glands Pineal body Reproductive glands Pancreas I didnt include thymus because..

Glands in the Brain

Hypothalamus: A collection of specialized cells that is located in the lower
central part of the brain. It controls homeostasis.

Pituitary Gland (Master Gland): a pea sized gland that is located at the base of
the brain just beneath the hypothalamus. Most important gland and part of the endocrine system. Controls most of your everyday life chemicals and controls the secretion of hormones mostly. Divided to 2 parts: Anterior and Posterior lobe.

Pineal Body: Located in the middle of the brain. Produces melatonin, a hormone
that controls and regulates your sleep.

Continuation
The Posterior lobe of the pituitary releases oxytocin. For women the oxytocin is something women have when they are having
a baby.

From the neck..

Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal glands. Thyroid gland Located below the Adams apple. Looks like a butterfly. It
produces thyroxine and trilodothyronine (it is toxic) from the pituitary gland. It is controlled by thyrotropin which is released from hypothalamus. These hormones control the rate of the cells to burn fuels from the food we eat.

Parathyroid gland- four tiny glands attached to the thyroid. Produces

pararthyroid hormones, which regulates the level of calcium in our blood working along with calcitonin (which is produced in the thyroid).

Continuation
Adrenal Gland- 2 triangular glands on top of each kidney. 2 parts or functions: The outer part and the inner part. The outer part is called adrenal cortex which produce corticosteroids.
Which regulate salt and water balance in the body. Also helping the body to response to factors like stress, sexual development, and etc.

The inner part is called adrenal medulla which produces catecholamines

and epinephrine also known as adrenaline. Adrenaline increases blood pressure and heart rate when stressed.

Daddy/Mommy where do children come from?

In the Reproductive System we develop sex hormones. The gonads are the main source of sex hormones. The male has testes (located in the scrotum) and the women has ovaries

(located in the pelvis). For guys we produce androgens and testosterone. Which is the hormone that makes you grow for guys. For women, you produce estrogen and progesterone. Both of this helps the girls grow to women. Also estrogen and progesterone regulates the girls menstrual cycle. And it plays a big role in pregnancy.

The hero or villain??

The pancreas plays a big role in the endocrine system. It also works along
with the digestive system.

Produces 2 important hormones insulin and glucagon. They both work

together to help steady sugar in the blood to keep the body pumped.

If the pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin or excessive production of

glucagon then you will have diabetes. But glucagon is not only produced in the pancreas but the liver.

So dont blame the pancreas.

Exocrine system
It contains the sweat and salivary system. Goes with a duct or pathway.

Diseases from the endocrine system.

NUMBER 1 DISEASE: DIABETES It is a worldwide issue for adults and children.
Type 1 and Type 2. Both are very dangerous since you dont have enough insulin regulated. For type 2 it is scarier since your body doesnt respond normally to the regulation of insulin in your body. Growth Hormone Deficiency: When too much growth hormones are released you have gigantism and if you have too little growth hormones you become a dwarf or you have dwarfism.

So basically what does endocrine system do?

Well, it just secretes hormones and when it is in the right amount, it will
maintain that in the blood.

Also where do the hormones go? That is a good question.

The amount of hormones in Men and Women

Both have the same hormones but just different amounts. Ex. Oxytocin was for women but for men, we have it too. It is just about
sex or sexual arousal.

The hormones amount depends on each gender.

Fun Facts
The pineal body was the last to be found because it was soo small. NOT ALL HORMONES ARE FROM THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
Ex. Stomach

Resources
Medical Books: Anatomy, Physiology, pathology. KidsHealth.org YouTube