iirs Module 2 – GPS (EDUSAT based Trg.

Comparative study of
NAVSTAR GPS/
GLONASS/GALILEO/
Augmented
Positioning Systems

P.L.N. Raju, Geoinformatics Division

IIRS
Email – raju@iirs.gov.in
iirs Outline of my Talk
• Comparison of
– GPS
– GLONASS
– GALILEO
• Augmented SBNS
– WAAS
– MSAS
– EGNOS
– GAGAN
– GBNS (NDGPS/LAAS)
– Chinese Beidou System
– IRNSS, India’s Navigation System
iirs GPS Constellation
Plane
F E D C B A
160°
120°

a ly
80°

om
40°

an
n
0° Equator

ea
M
320°
280°
satellite
240° operational
200° spare
17° 137° 257°
77° 197° 317°
Right ascension of ascending node
Inclination 55°
Semi major axis 26561.75 km (altitude above Earth 20183,6 km)
Eccentricity nominally e = 0, generally e < 0,02
iirs GNSS SYSTEM
GPS Modernization
• Improved code on the L2 frequency of GPS (called L2C) –

• ionospheric error,

• more immune to RF interference and

• multipath.

• The first Block IIR-M during October 2005.

• Under currently published plans, that is not expected to occur

until 2013 or beyond.

• A third civil frequency at 1176.45MHz (called L5) on the Block IIF

satellites. Full operational capability is unlikely until 2015.

• GPS-III, (extra L2 and L5 signals of the Block IIR-M and Block IIF
satellites), Thirty GPS-III satellites are planned for launch from about 2013
until 2018.
iirs GLONASS Constellation

• 24 satellites (8 satellites
in each of 3 planes)
• e ~ 0 (circular orbit)
• inclination 64.8°
• altitude 19 100 km,
• orbit period 11h 15m
• angular spacing between
orbits 120°
iirs About GLONASS

• GLobal NAvigation Satellite System

• Beginning in 1982
• Belongs to USSR (Now Russia)
• No onboard atomic clocks
• Precise timing on the ground
• 16 Satellites in orbit
• Three orbital planes
• 60% of time for position calculation
iirs About GLONASS
iirs About GALILEO

Galileo

Galileo Constellation
iirs About GALILEO

GIOVE - standing for 'Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element

iirs About Galileo
• Galileo is a global navigation satellite system
currently being built by the European Union
(EU) and European Space Agency (ESA)
• €3.4 billion project
• To be operational by 2013 with 30 total
satellites
• Position Accuracy down to the metre range
• Also called as Galileo positioning system
iirs About Galileo
• orbital altitude: 23,222 km
• 3 orbital planes, 56° inclination
(9 operational satellites and one active
spare per orbital plane)
• Constellation of 30 satellites, increased
altitude (approx. 3000km higher than
GPS) which will enable better signal
availability at high latitudes.
iirs
iirs Different services and accuracy of position
iirs Satellite Based Augmented Systems
• WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)
• GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation)
• EGNOS (European Geo-stationary Navigation
Overlay Service )
• MSAS (Multi-Functional Satellite Augmentation
System)
• NDGPS (National level Differential Global
Positioning System)
• Chinese Beidou System
• India’s IRNSS
iirs Satellite Based Augmented Systems
iirs How Position Accuracy improved with SBAS?
iirs
iirs How WAAS Works?
iirs How WAAS Works?
WAAS consists of approximately 25 ground reference
stations positioned across the United States that monitor
GPS satellite data. Two master stations, located on either
coast, collect data from the reference stations and create a
GPS correction message. This correction accounts for
GPS satellite orbit and clock drift plus signal delays
caused by the atmosphere and ionosphere. The corrected
differential message is then broadcast through one of two
geo-stationary satellites, or satellites with a fixed position
over the equator. The information is compatible with the
basic GPS signal structure, which means any WAAS-
enabled GPS receiver can read the signal.
Note: 1 – 3 m accuracy obtained with WAAS support
iirs Ground Based Augmented Systems
iirs NDGPS (USA)

• To ensure greater accuracy and improved integrity, the

US Department of Transportation is deploying the
Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System
(NDGPS) service. This service uses ground reference
stations to determine the differential between the GPS
solution and the true solution. This differential is then
broadcast on a low frequency carrier for users to access,
free of direct user charge.

• NDGPS provides accurate dynamic navigation

information to travelers with 1- to 2- meter accuracy (and
possibly better in the future).
iirs About GAGAN
GPS Aided Geo Augmentation
Navigation
• India and US cooperation to integrate GPS for
ground based positioning
• To improve air traffic and other civil navigation
• Joint venture of ISRO and AAI for 760 cr
• 8 reference stations
• Master Control and Uplink facility
• Operational by 2011
• Better than 3 m
iirs EGNOS

EGNOS
iirs
iirs
iirs Augmentations SBAS Constellation

GAGAN MSAS
EGNOS WAAS
MTSAT
INMARSAT
ARTEMIS INMARSAT

GPS
iirs Local Area Augmentation System
It is an all-weather aircraft landing system
based on real-time differential correction of
the GPS signal. Local reference receivers
send data to a central location at the
airport. This data is used to formulate a
correction message, which is then
transmitted to users via a VHF data link. A
receiver on an aircraft uses this information
to correct GPS signals, which then
provides a standard ILS-style display to
use while flying a precision approach.
iirs Chinese Beidou navigation system

• Geostationary satellites
• Mainly for China
• Four satellites launched so Far (Total 35 No.)
• 10 m accuracy
• Open services by 2008
• Covers North side 5° to 50° N Latitude and
70°E to 140°E
• Receiver sends signal, satellite estimates based
on time of it
iirs IRNSS – India’s own Navigation System

• Indian Regional Navigation Satellite

System (IRNSS)
• With seven satellites
• GEO/ elliptical orbit
• To be Build and launch by ISRO
• Costs 16 billion (1600 crore) rupees
• First meeting held in July 2006
• First satellite in 2009 & Operational by 2012
iirs References

• Wikipedia the free online encyclopedia

for GPS, EGNOS, WAAS, LAAS, NDGPS,
Beidou Navigation System

• Coordinates monthly Indian News Letter

• GPS World Magazine

iirs

Thanks for your kind attention

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