MUSLIM EMPIRES

OTTOMAN MUGHAL SAFAVID

REVIEW
5 Pillars of Islam Caliphs (elected leaders) Caliphates

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

WHERE DID THE OTTOMANS COME FROM?

NOMADS TOOK OVER ANATOLIA AND BECAME THE BORDER BETWEEN ISLAM AND BYZANTINE CHRISTIAN

SULTAN MEHMET II (1451-1481)

Was one of the greatest Sultans Called the Fatih (the Conqueror) During his rule all of Turkey/Anatolia was brought under his control and the Byzantine Empire was defeated

CONQUEST OF CONSTANTINOPLE

Imperial Phase Constantinople: renamed Istanbul Cleaning up of city, building of mosques, markets, water fountains, etc.

200 YEARS OF CONQUEST

SULEIMAN, THE LAWGIVER

Suleiman was the rst major ruler of the Ottoman empire (1520-1566) He served as both a political and religious ruler Sultan political ruler Caliph religious leader Suleiman used a welltrained army and bureaucracy to carry out his rule

SULEIMAN, THE LAWGIVER

SULEIMAN HAD TO CREATE LAWS TO GOVERN MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PEOPLE CHRISTIANS, MUSLIMS, AND JEWS NON-MUSLIMS WOULD BE ALLOWED TO WORSHIP AS THEY PLEASED, AS LONG AS THEY WERE LOYAL TO HIM HE REFORMED THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE COUNTRY AS WELL, AND CREATED LAWS TO MAKE IT RUN BETTER

`
S TEADY
DECLINE IN THE 1600S.

DURING THE 1880S, THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE REFORMED THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT BY END OF THE 1800S, THE OTTOMAN EMPEROR TOOK BACK MANY OF SULEIMANS REFORMS, AND INSTITUTED ABSOLUTE RULE BY THE END OF WORLD WAR I, THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE CEASES TO BE A MAJOR POWER

MODERN REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

SECULAR STATE
!

FOUNDED BY MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK

MUGHAL EMPIRE

TIMUR
Timur Lenk, a Turko-Mongol, conquered much of Central Asia, and his empire would become the empire of the Mughals in India Babur, a successor of Timurs, reconquered northern India Encouraged orderly government Expanded the arts

AKBAR
After Babur, Akbar brought peace and order to the Mughal empire. Since most people he ruled were Hindus and not Muslims, he encouraged religious tolerance Repealed a tax on Hindus Invited religious scholars of other faiths to his court to debate religion

DECLINE OF THE MUGHALS

By the 1600s, Hindu rebellions and a new emerging religion, Sikhism, led to the decline of the Mughals Most Indians had held on to Hindu customs and had not converted to Islam Later Mughal rulers abandoned religious tolerance, so this made many Hindus angry

QUESTION OF THE DAY

If you were to invade and conquer a city/state/ country, would you allow the people to keep their beliefs/traditions and practice those beliefs/ traditions publicly? Why or why not?

Answer with 3-5 complete sentences

SAFAVID EMPIRE
PERSIA

SAFAVID PERSIA AND SHAH ABBAS

Shah Abbas was the greatest ruler of Safavid Persia

1588 to 1629, brought the Safavids to their highest point of glory. !

ISFAHAN
! !

Isfahan was the jewel of the Safavid Empire, and it is still that for modern-day Iran. Silk weaving flourished, but carpet weaving flourished more Persian rugs are still prized today.

Persia, at this time, was Shiite Muslim. Ruled from 1581 to 1629. Shah Abbas made alliances against the Sunni Ottomans, sometimes with European nations The Persian language spread as the language of culture, diplomacy, and trade After Shah Abbas, Safavid Persia gradually declines until 1722

DECLINE OF MUSLIM EMPIRES

These three Muslim empires declined as Europe and its countries expanded
Rulers declined, and brought their countries with them Lack of innovation and change not dynamic, like Europe Were all land empires didnt focus on sea power or trade, like Europe Superiority complex considered themselves superior to Europe, didnt pay much attention to European growth