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JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES: A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF NURSES EMPLOYED IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS
Ms.Taranjit a!r Ra"# Ms.S$i%a Ma&i'(
Organization comprises of people, it is their satisfaction which can make or mars the performance of an organization. Employee satisfaction is important in determining how far an organization achieves its goals. Job satisfaction leads to life satisfaction. Job satisfaction is generally regarded as an employees attitude toward the job and job situation. pector !"##$% defines job satisfaction simply as &the degree to which people like their jobs.' ome people therefore enjoy work and consider it a central part of their lives while others do so only because they have to. (obbins !)**+% defines job satisfaction as &a collection of feelings that an individual holds towards his or her job.' ,his implies that a person with a high level of job satisfaction will hold positive feelings towards the job and a person who is dissatisfied will hold negative feelings about the job. -ocke !"#$.% as cited by /ooper and -ocke !)***% offers a further definition of job satisfaction as a &pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job e0periences.' Job satisfaction is also defined in terms of e1uity. (obbins et al. !)**2% define job satisfaction as &the difference between the rewards employees receive and the reward they believe they should receive.' ,he higher this discrepancy, the lower will be the job satisfaction. Job dissatisfaction leads to absenteeism, labour turnover and negative publicity of the organization. 3nsatisfied worker can prove to be a liability to any organization and on the other hand happy and satisfied worker is always a productive worker. 4urses contribute very important position in health care sector. 5elping sick people and dealing with medical emergencies can be very stressful. 6atients need )7 hrs care. 4ursing duty is around the clock duty including night shifts. ,hey often work nights, weekends and even on holidays. ,here is a considerable amount of health hazard from disease, infection and radiation. 8 nurse is responsible9along with other health care professionals9for the treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or chronically ill or injured people, health maintenance of the healthy, and treatment of life: threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care settings.
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4urses may also be involved in medical and nursing research and perform a wide range of non:clinical functions necessary to deliver health care. ,hus, studying job satisfaction among nurses is important because it is necessary to distinguish between positive and negative aspects of job satisfaction. 5ertzberg !"#+#% stated that !positive% satisfaction is due to good e0periences, and that these are due to ?motivators@ i.e. achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility and advancement. <issatisfaction is due to bad e0periences caused by ?hygiene@ factors i.e. supervisors, fellow workers, company policy, working conditions, and personal life !5ertzberg "#+#%.
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DATABASE:
=or the purpose of the present study, primary data has been used. ,he primary data was obtained through direct communication with the respondents through a structured 1uestionnaire. ,he 1uestionnaire contained both open ended as well as close ended 1uestions. ,he 1uestionnaire containing 1uestions on various dimensions of job satisfaction were distributed. 8ll possible efforts were made to make the nurses feel at ease and respond to the various 1uestions with full concentration. ,he purpose of the study was e0plained to the respondents. ,hey were informed that the results would be kept strictly confidential and efforts were made to get ma0imum co:operation of the nurses.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
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,o analyze the perception of nurses towards their job, the data is analyzed by bringing raw data to measured data, summarizing the data and then applying analytical method to manipulate the data so that their interrelationship and 1uantitative meaning become evident. Other instruments used to analyze and interpret the collected data include pie charts, bar diagrams, tabulation and rank method.
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atisfaction level with ;overnment 6ay scalesH options. 5ospital 4urses 4o. G Eery much satisfied C ".G Aoderately satisfied )# +C G <issatisfied # "CG 5ighly <issatisfied + "*G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
"rivate Hos!itals
30
11 5 7
Dissatisfied
Highly dissatisfied
(+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH -UANTUM OF ,OR E0cessive work at work place always acts as a demotivating and dissatisfactory factor. 8mong the +* nurses surveyed from the government hospitals majority of them find the work to be e0cessive for them i.e. +)G. Even in private sector among the +* nurses surveyed most of them feel the
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work load to be e0cessive for them i.e. .7G. ,hus, nurses from both the sectors have e0cessive work to do.
Iuantum options
workH ;overnment 6rivate 5ospital 4urses 4urses 4o. G 4o. Eery ,a0ing . ")G 7 E0cessive work ). +)G 2) Aoderate work "C 2.G "7 Eery light * *G * ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G +*
Gover me t Hos!ital 35 30 Number of nurses 25 20 15 10 5 0 Very ta%i g &%cessive 'or( Moderate 'or( Quantum of work # $ 0 18 1$ 2# 32 "rivate 'or(
of
Very light
.+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH ,OR ING HOURS 4urses have to face long working hours in government and private hospitals both but at the same time most of them feel the working hours to be convenient for them. Aost of the government nurses i.e. 7.G say that they
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have long but convenient working hours and same is the case with private nurses where most of them i.e. +.G have long but convenient working hours.
>orking options
5oursH ;overnment 5ospital 4urses 4o. G Eery -ong * *G -ong C ".G -ong but /onvenient )2 7.G =le0ible 5ours "# 2CG ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
Gover me t Hos!ital -urses 30 25 Number of Nurses 20 15 10 5 0 0 0 )o g )o g *ut +o ve ie t Working Hours 8 11 23 28
19 11
Very )o g
,le%i*le
/+ RELATIONSHIPS ,ITH COLLAEGUES Aost of the ;overnment nurses i.e.7CG have 6rofessional and competitive relationship with their colleagues whereas most of the private nurses i.e.
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.7G have /ordial but 6rofessional relationship with their colleagues .5ence, nurses from private sector are said to be more satisfied because they have cordial relationships with their colleagues which helps to develop better team work and smooth work environment.
(elationships with ;overnment colleaguesH options 5ospital 4urses 4o. G Eery cordial 2 .G /ordial but )2 7.G 6rofessional 6rofessional and )7 7CG competitive trained * *G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
Gover me t Hos!ital -urses 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 32 23 2$ 1$ 3 $ Very cordial +ordial *ut "rofessio al "rofessio al a d com!etitive
Number of Nurses
0 0 .trai ed
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0+ LEVEL OF SUPERIORS
SATISFACTION
,ITH
BEHAVIOUR
OF
uperior has to be co:operative along with being demanding and professional in order to increase job satisfaction among its employees. Aost of the superiors in government hospital are very cooperative i.e. 2.G. Jut in private hospitals superiors are cooperative but at the same time very demanding i.e. ..G. ,hus, satisfaction among government nurses is more.
Jehaviour of ;overnment uperiorH options 5ospital 4urses 4o. G 8utocratic ) 7G 6rofessional and ". 2) G <emanding /ooperative but "7 )CG demanding Eery /ooperative "C 2.G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
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Number of Nurses
1# 8 2 3 /utocratic
18 1$ #
ocial security ;overnment schemeH options 5ospital 4urses 6ension 2+ ;ratuity )" -eave encashment )* /6= . E6= 2 ;6= 2) ;roup insurance "* 8ny other *
5ospital
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31 20 5 # 8 3
Number of Nurses
10 0
G" ,
# 0 0
&" ,
Gr at ut ity
ca sh m e
)e av e
2+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH SOCIAL SECURITY SCHEMES Aore amounts of social security schemes always lead to increase in level of job satisfaction. Aajority of the government nurses find the social security schemes available to them as moderately ade1uate i.e. 77G but same is not the case with private nurses where majority of them feel social security schemes to be inade1uate i.e. .7G. ,hus, in government nurses the level of satisfaction is more in regard to social security schemes as compared to private nurses where very few nurses are satisfied.
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Gr ou !
su ra
"e
1t he rs
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BIZ n BYTES - a quarterly published Journal of Applied Management !omputer S"ien"e - ISS# #o $%&'( - %)*+, -olume . - January /%./
atisfaction with ;overnment ocial security 5ospital 4urses schemeH options 4o. G 8de1uate "C 2.G Aoderately 8de1uate )) 77G Dnade1uate "* )*G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
3+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH PROMOTION POLICY 4urses are in favour of seniority cum merit type of promotion policy. Aost of the government nurses say that eniority type of promotion policy is followed in their organisation as such majority of the nurses i.e. 7)G are dissatisfied with this type of promotion policy whereas in private hospitals most of the nurses say that eniority cum Aerit type of promotion policy is mostly adopted as such majority of the nurses i.e. 27G are satisfied with the promotion policy. ,hus, nurses from private sector are more satisfied with the promotion policy of their organisation.
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atisfaction level ;overnment with 6romotion 5ospital 4urses policy options 4o. G 5ighly satisfied ) 7G Aoderately satisfied "# 2CG atisfied C ".G <issatisfied )" 7)G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
Gover me t Hos!ital -urses 25 Number of Nurses 20 15 10 5 0 Highly satisfied Moderately satisfied .atisfied 2 9 8 19 1# 17
Dissatisfied
4+ SATISFACTION ,ITH ,OR ING CONDITIONS 8 good, clean working environment is always liked by nurses. Aajority of government nurses i.e.+CG are moderately satisfied with the working conditions of their organisations whereas majority of private nurses i.e.2CG are satisfied with the working conditions of their organisations because the
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private hospitals are comparatively newly built as compared to government hospitals. ,hus, private nurses are more satisfied.
atisfaction level with ;overnment working conditions 5ospital 4urses options 4o. G 5ighly satisfied " )G Aoderately satisfied )# +CG 4eutral C ".G atisfied $ "7G <issatisfied + "*G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
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Gover me t Hos!ital -urses 35 30 Number of Nurses 25 20 15 10 5 0 Highly satisfied Moderately satisfied -eutral 1 # 13 8 12
29 19
5 0
.atisfied
Dissatisfied
#5+ AVAILIBILITY OF GRO,TH OPPORTUNITIES ;rowth opportunities are available more in government hospitals thus nurses from this sector are more satisfied.
6rivate 4urses +* C . *
5ospital
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1# #
21
!rowth opportunities
##+ LEVEL OF SATISFACTION ,ITH NURSING PROFESSION. 8ll the nurses i.e. "**G from both the sectors are proud of their profession. ,hey think it to be very noble and caring profession.
Aore number of government hospital nurses i.e. C)G have job security as such they are more satisfied with their job whereas most of the private
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hospital nurses i.e. $)G dont have security with their job as such they seemed to less satisfied.
186
826
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286
726
#1+ INTENTION TO LEAVE THE JOB Aajority of nurses from both government and private hospitals are willing to opt for voluntary retirement scheme due to their family responsibilities. ,hey find difficult to manage their job and family both at the same time.
Options
;overnment 5ospital 4urses 4o. G ,o ettle 8broad "# 2CG On Aedical Jasis + "*G <ue to family )+ +*G (esponsibilities <ue to work sickness " )G ,O,8- 43( E +* "**G
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atisfaction among private nurses is more with regard to relationships with their colleagues. Aost of government nurses are of the view that their superiors are very cooperative. ;overnment 4urses are more satisfied from the social security schemes available in their organisations. 6rivate hospitals follow seniority cum merit type of promotion policy. 5ence on this account satisfaction in private nurses is more. 6rivate 4urses are more satisfied from the working conditions of their organisation. ;overnment hospitals provide more growth opportunities so nurses in this sector are more satisfied as compared to private nurses. ;overnment nurses are more proud to be associated with their organisation as compared to private nurses. 8ll the nurses from both the sectors are proud of their profession. 8s compared to private nurses government nurses is less in number who is willing to shift from their job .,he reason being they are more satisfied. Job security is more in government nurses whereas in private nurses job security level is very less this is another factor responsible of less job satisfaction among private nurses. Aost of the nurses from both the sectors are nurses are willing to opt for voluntary retirement scheme due their family responsibilities.
8ccording to the study conducted nurses from both the sectors seemed to be 1uite satisfied from their jobs. 5owever the level of satisfaction is found to be more in case of government nurses as compared to the private nurses but at the same time there are certain factors on which private nurses are more satisfied. Dmproved job satisfaction results in fewer turnovers, better 1uality patient care, less physical and mental injuries to health care staff, and will lead to betterment of entire organisation. ,hus in order to increase the level of job satisfaction among nurses hospital management should keep abreast with up to date technology, rationalize compensation and promotion policy, establish grievance redressal forums and must provide more and more professional growth opportunities.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ". 6alas ( en ;upta and 8jay 8dhikari, &(ole stress among nurses',he Dcfai journal of organisational behaviour, Eol.$, 4o. ", ,)**C ). 8.Kalai elvi, &Job satisfaction of hospital employees'. 5(< ,imes L Aarch )**C
2. 4eerpal (athi and (enu (astogi & Job satisfaction and psychological
well:being' ,he Dcfai university journal of organisational behaviour, Eol.$, 4o. 7, )**C
7. ; Jegadeesan &Job satisfactionB a conceptual framework' ,he Dcfai
Dncome and Aarital status on the stress and coping resources of women professionals.' 8 (esearch journal of 5umanities and ocial ciences Eol.2, 4o.", June )**.
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rinivasan and ;eorge &8 study on organisatonal culture and its relationship with job satisfaction in manufacturing and information technology sectors' ,he Dcfai journal of organisational behaviour, Eol.7, 4o. ", January)**+. of the employees, region and pervasiveness of the organization.' ,he Dcfai journal of organizational behaviour, Eol.2, 4o. 7, October )**7.
C. httpBHHen.wikipedia.orgHwikiHJobMsatisfaction #. httpBHHwww.managementhelp.orgHprsnMwllHjobMstfy.htm
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