The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation Rules 1-71 1997 RULES OF !"!

L PRO E#URE$ AS A%E&#E#

1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, AS AMENDED (RULES 1-71, RULES OF COURT) EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 1997 Per Resolution of the Supreme Court in Bar Matter No. 803 Adopted in Baguio City on April 8, !!" RULES OF COURT Pursuant to the pro'isions o( section ) *)+ o( Article "!!! o( the onstitution$ the Supre,e ourt here-. adopts and pro,ul/ates the (ollowin/ rules concernin/ the protection and en(orce,ent o( constitutional ri/hts$ pleadin/$ practice and procedure in all courts$ the ad,ission to the practice o( law$ the !nte/rated 0ar$ and le/al assistance to the underpri'ile/ed1

RULE 1 Genera Pr!"#$#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' #itle of the Rules2 3 These Rule shall -e 4nown and cited as the Rules o( ourt2 *1+

Se%&#!n (' $n %hat &ourts appli&a'le2 3 These Rules shall appl. in all the courts$ e5cept as otherwise pro'ided -. the Supre,e ourt2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Cases go(erned2 3 These Rules shall /o'ern the procedure to -e o-ser'ed in actions$ ci'il or cri,inal and special proceedin/s2 *a+ A ci'il action is one -. which a part. sues another (or the en(orce,ent or protection o( a ri/ht$ or the pre'ention or redress o( a wron/$ *1a$ R6+ A ci'il action ,a. either -e ordinar. or special2 0oth are /o'erned -. the rules (or ordinar. ci'il actions$ su-ject to the speci(ic rules prescri-ed (or a special ci'il action2 *n+ *-+ A cri,inal action is one -. which the State prosecutes a person (or an act or o,ission punisha-le -. law2 *n+ *c+ A special proceedin/ is a re,ed. -. which a part. see4s to esta-lish a status$ a ri/ht$ or a particular (act2 *6a$ R6+ Se%&#!n *' $n %hat &ase not appli&a'le2 3 These Rules shall not appl. to election cases$ land re/istration$ cadastral$ naturali7ation and insol'enc. proceedin/s$ and other cases not herein pro'ided (or$ e5cept -. analo/. or in a suppletor. character and whene'er practica-le and con'enient2 *R189a+ Se%&#!n +' Commen&ement of a&tion2 3 A ci'il action is co,,enced -. the (ilin/ o( the ori/inal co,plaint in court2 !( an additional de(endant is i,pleaded in a later pleadin/$ the action is co,,enced with re/ard to hi, on the dated o( the (ilin/ o( such later pleadin/$ irrespecti'e o( whether the ,otion (or its ad,ission$ i( necessar.$ is denied -. the court2 *:a+

Se%&#!n ,' Constru&tion2 3 These Rules shall -e li-erall. construed in order to pro,ote their o-jecti'e o( securin/ a just$ speed. and ine5pensi'e disposition o( e'er. action and proceedin/2 *6a+

C#"# A%&#!n$ Or-#nar. C#"# A%&#!n$

RULE ( Ca/$e !0 A%&#!n Se%&#!n 1' )rdinary &i(il a&tions$ 'asis of. 3 E'er. ordinar. ci'il action ,ust -e -ased on a cause o( action2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Cause of a&tion$ defined2 3 A cause o( action is the act or o,ission -. which a part. 'iolates a ri/ht o( another2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' )ne suit for a single &ause of a&tion2 3 A part. ,a. not institute ,ore than one suit (or a sin/le cause o( action2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Splitting a single &ause of a&tion; effe&t of. 3 !( two or ,ore suits are instituted on the -asis o( the sa,e cause o( action$ the (ilin/ o( one or a jud/,ent upon the ,erits in an. one is a'aila-le as a /round (or the dis,issal o( the others2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' *oinder of &auses of a&tion2 3 A part. ,a. in one pleadin/ assert$ in the alternati'e or otherwise$ as ,an. causes o( action as he ,a. ha'e a/ainst an opposin/ part.$ su-ject to the (ollowin/ conditions1 *a+ The part. joinin/ the causes o( action shall co,pl. with the rules on joinder o( parties; *-+ The joinder shall not include special ci'il actions or actions /o'erned -. special rules; *c+ <here the causes o( action are -etween the sa,e parties -ut pertain to di((erent 'enues or jurisdictions$ the joinder ,a. -e allowed in the Re/ional Trial ourt pro'ided one o( the causes o( action (alls within the jurisdiction o( said court and the 'enue lies therein; and *d+ <here the clai,s in all the causes action are principall. (or reco'er. o( ,one.$ the a//re/ate a,ount clai,ed shall -e the test o( jurisdiction2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Mis+oinder of &auses of a&tion2 3 %isjoinder o( causes o( action is not a /round (or dis,issal o( an action2 A ,isjoined cause o( action ,a.$ on ,otion o( a part. or on the initiati'e o( the court$ -e se'ered and proceeded with separatel.2 *n+

RULE ) Par&#e$ &! C#"# A%&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' ,ho may 'e parties; plaintiff and defendant2 3 Onl. natural or juridical persons$ or entities authori7ed -. law ,a. -e parties in a ci'il action2 The ter, =plainti((= ,a. re(er to the clai,in/ part.$ the counter-clai,ant$ the

cross-clai,ant$ or the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. plainti((2 The ter, =de(endant= ,a. re(er to the ori/inal de(endin/ part.$ the de(endant in a counter-clai,$ the cross-de(endant$ or the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. de(endant2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Parties in interest2 3 A real part. in interest is the part. who stands to -e -ene(ited or injured -. the jud/,ent in the suit$ or the part. entitled to the a'ails o( the suit2 Unless otherwise authori7ed -. law or these Rules$ e'er. action ,ust -e prosecuted or de(ended in the na,e o( the real part. in interest2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Representati(es as parties2 3 <here the action is allowed to -e prosecuted and de(ended -. a representati'e or so,eone actin/ in a (iduciar. capacit.$ the -ene(iciar. shall -e included in the title o( the case and shall -e dee,ed to -e the real propert. in interest2 A representati'e ,a. -e a trustee o( an e5pert trust$ a /uardian$ an e5ecutor or ad,inistrator$ or a part. authori7ed -. law or these Rules2 An a/ent actin/ in his own na,e and (or the -ene(it o( an undisclosed principal ,a. sue or -e sued without joinin/ the principal e5cept when the contract in'ol'es thin/s -elon/in/ to the principal2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Spouses as parties2 3 >us-and and wi(e shall sue or -e sued jointl.$ e5cept as pro'ided -. law2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Minor or in&ompetent persons2 3 A ,inor or a person alle/ed to -e inco,petent$ ,a. sue or -e sued with the assistance o( his (ather$ ,other$ /uardian$ or i( he has none$ a /uardian ad litem2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Permissi(e +oinder of parties2 3 All persons in who, or a/ainst who, an. ri/ht to relie( in respect to or arisin/ out o( the sa,e transaction or series o( transactions is alle/ed to e5ist$ whether jointl.$ se'erall.$ or in the alternati'e$ ,a.$ e5cept as otherwise pro'ided in these Rules$ join as plainti((s or -e joined as de(endants in one co,plaint$ where an. ?uestion o( law or (act co,,on to all such plainti((s or to all such de(endants ,a. arise in the action; -ut the court ,a. ,a4e such orders as ,a. -e just to pre'ent an. plainti(( or de(endant (ro, -ein/ e,-arrassed or put to e5pense in connection with an. proceedin/s in which he ,a. ha'e no interest2 *:n+ Se%&#!n 7' Compulsory +oinder of indispensa'le parties2 3 Parties in interest without who, no (inal deter,ination can -e had o( an action shall -e joined either as plainti((s or de(endants2 *7+ Se%&#!n 1' Ne&essary party2 3 A necessar. part. is one who is not indispensa-le -ut who ou/ht to -e joined as a part. i( co,plete relie( is to -e accorded as to those alread. parties$ or (or a co,plete deter,ination or settle,ent o( the clai, su-ject o( the action2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' Non-+oinder of ne&essary parties to 'e pleaded2 3 <hene'er in an. pleadin/ in which a clai, is asserted a necessar. part. is not joined$ the pleader shall set (orth his na,e$ i( 4nown$ and shall state wh. he is o,itted2 Should the court (ind the reason (or the o,ission un,eritorious$ it ,a. order the inclusion o( the o,itted necessar. part. i( jurisdiction o'er his person ,a. -e o-tained2 The (ailure to co,pl. with the order (or his inclusion$ without justi(ia-le cause$ shall -e dee,ed a wai'er o( the clai, a/ainst such part.2 The non-inclusion o( a necessar. part. does not pre'ent the court (ro, proceedin/ in the action$ and the jud/,ent rendered therein shall -e without prejudice to the ri/hts o( such necessar. part.2 *@a$ 9a+ Se%&#!n 12' .n%illing &o-plaintiff. 3 !( the consent o( an. part. who should -e joined as plainti(( can not -e o-tained$ he ,a. -e ,ade a de(endant and the reason there(or shall -e stated in the co,plaint2 *1A+ Se%&#!n 11' Mis+oinder and non-+oinder of parties2 3 &either ,isjoinder nor non-joinder o( parties is /round (or dis,issal o( an action2 Parties ,a. -e dropped or added -. order o( the court on ,otion o( an. part. or on its own initiati'e at an. sta/e the action and on such ter,s as are just2 An. clai, a/ainst a ,isjoined part. ,a. -e se'ered and proceeded with separatel.2 *11a+ Se%&#!n 1(' Class suit2 3 <hen the su-ject ,atter o( the contro'ers. is one o( co,,on or /eneral interest to ,an. persons so nu,erous that it is i,practica-le to join all as parties$ a nu,-er o( the, which the court (inds to -e su((icientl. nu,erous and representati'e as to (ull. protect the interests o( all concerned ,a. sue or de(end (or the -ene(it o( all2 An. part. in interest shall ha'e the ri/ht to inter'ene to protect his indi'idual interest2 *16a+

Se%&#!n 1)' Alternati(e defendants2 3 <here the plainti(( is uncertain a/ainst who o( se'eral persons he is entitled to relie($ he ,a. join an. or all o( the, as de(endants in the alternati'e$ althou/h a ri/ht to relie( a/ainst one ,a. -e inconsistent with a ri/ht o( relie( a/ainst the other2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 1*' .n/no%n identity or name of defendant2 3 <hene'er the identit. or na,e o( a de(endant is un4nown$ he ,a. -e sued as the un4nown owner heir de'isee$ or -. such other desi/nation as the case ,a. re?uire$ when his identit. or true na,e is disco'ered$ the pleadin/ ,ust -e a,ended accordin/l.2 *18+ Se%&#!n 1+' 0ntity %ithout +uridi&al personality as defendant2 3 <hen two or ,ore persons not or/ani7ed as an entit. with juridical personalit. enter into a transaction$ the. ,a. -e sued under the na,e -. which the. are /enerall. or co,,onl. 4nown2 !n the answer o( such de(endant$ the na,e and addresses o( the persons co,posin/ said entit. ,ust all -e re'ealed2 *1)a+ Se%&#!n 1,' 1eath of party; duty of &ounsel2 3 <hene'er a part. to a pendin/ action dies$ and the clai, is not there-. e5tin/uished$ it shall -e the dut. o( his counsel to in(or, the court within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter such death o( the (act thereo($ and to /i'e the na,e and address o( his le/al representati'e or representati'es2 Failure o( counsel to co,pl. with his dut. shall -e a /round (or disciplinar. action2 The heirs o( the deceased ,a. -e allowed to -e su-stituted (or the deceased$ without re?uirin/ the appoint,ent o( an e5ecutor or ad,inistrator and the court ,a. appoint a /uardian ad litem (or the ,inor heirs2 The court shall (orthwith order said le/al representati'e or representati'es to appear and -e su-stituted within a period o( thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, notice2 !( no le/al representati'e is na,ed -. the counsel (or the deceased part.$ or i( the one so na,ed shall (ail to appear within the speci(ied period$ the court ,a. order the opposin/ part.$ within a speci(ied ti,e to procure the appoint,ent o( an e5ecutor or ad,inistrator (or the estate o( the deceased and the latter shall i,,ediatel. appear (or and on -ehal( o( the deceased2 The court char/es in procurin/ such appoint,ent$ i( de(ra.ed -. the opposin/ part.$ ,a. -e reco'ered as costs2 *1:a$ 17a+ Se%&#!n 17' 1eath or separation of a party %ho is a pu'li& offi&er2 3 <hen a pu-lic o((icer is a part. in an action in his o((icial capacit. and durin/ its pendenc. dies$ resi/ns$ or otherwise ceases to hold o((ice$ the action ,a. -e continued and ,aintained -. or a/ainst his successor i($ within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter the successor ta4es o((ice or such ti,e as ,a. -e /ranted -. the court$ it is satis(actoril. shown to the court -. an. part. that there is a su-stantial need (or continuin/ or ,aintainin/ it and that the successor adopts or continues or threatens to adopt or continue to adopt or continue the action o( his predecessor2 0e(ore a su-stitution is ,ade$ the part. or o((icer to -e a((ected$ unless e5pressl. assentin/ thereto$ shall -e /i'en reasona-le notice o( the application there(or and accorded an opportunit. to -e heard2 *1@a+ Se%&#!n 11' $n&ompeten&y or in&apa&ity2 3 !( a part. -eco,es inco,petent or incapacitated$ the court$ upon ,otion with notice$ ,a. allow the action to -e continued -. or a/ainst the inco,petent or incapacitated person assisted -. his le/al /uardian or /uardian ad litem2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 19' #ransfer of interest2 3 !n case o( an. trans(er o( interest$ the action ,a. -e continued -. or a/ainst the ori/inal part.$ unless the court upon ,otion directs the person to who, the interest is trans(erred to -e su-stituted in the action or joined with the ori/inal part.2 *6A+ Se%&#!n (2' A&tion and &ontra&tual money &laims2 3 <hen the action is (or reco'er. o( ,one. arisin/ (ro, contract$ e5press or i,plied$ and the de(endant dies -e(ore entr. o( (inal jud/,ent in the court in which the action was pendin/ at the ti,e o( such death$ it shall not -e dis,issed -ut shall instead -e allowed to continue until entr. o( (inal jud/,ent2 A (a'ora-le jud/,ent o-tained -. the plainti(( therein shall -e en(orced in the ,anner especiall. pro'ided in these Rules (or prosecutin/ clai,s a/ainst the estate o( a deceased person2 *61a+ Se%&#!n (1' $ndigent party2 3 A part. ,a. -e authori7ed to liti/ate his action$ clai, or de(ense as an indi/ent i( the court$ upon an e2 parte application and hearin/$ is satis(ied that the part. is one who has no ,one. or propert. su((icient and a'aila-le (or (ood$ shelter and -asic necessities (or hi,sel( and his (a,il.2

Such authorit. shall include an e5e,ption (ro, pa.,ent o( doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ and o( transcripts o( steno/raphic notes which the court ,a. order to -e (urnished hi,2 The a,ount o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees which the indi/ent was e5e,pted (ro, pa.in/ shall -e a lien on an. jud/,ent rendered in the case (a'ora-le to the indi/ent$ unless the court otherwise pro'ides2 An. ad'erse part. ,a. contest the /rant o( such authorit. at an. ti,e -e(ore jud/,ent is rendered -. the trial court2 !( the court should deter,ine a(ter hearin/ that the part. declared as an indi/ent is in (act a person with su((icient inco,e or propert.$ the proper doc4et and other law(ul (ees shall -e assessed and collected -. the cler4 o( court2 !( pa.,ent is not ,ade within the ti,e (i5ed -. the court$ e5ecution shall issue or the pa.,ent thereo($ without prejudice to such other sanctions as the court ,a. i,pose2 *66a+ Se%&#!n ((' Noti&e to the Soli&itor 3eneral2 3 !n an. action in'ol'in/ the 'alidit. o( an. treat.$ law$ ordinance$ e5ecuti'e order$ presidential decree$ rules or re/ulations$ the court$ in its discretion$ ,a. re?uire the appearance o( the Solicitor Beneral who ,a. -e heard in person or a representati'e dul. desi/nated -. hi,2 *69a+

RULE * Ven/e !0 A%&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' 4enue of real a&tions2 3 Actions a((ectin/ title to or possession o( real propert.$ or interest therein$ shall -e co,,enced and tried in the proper court which has jurisdiction o'er the area wherein the real propert. in'ol'ed$ or a portion thereo($ is situated2 Forci-le entr. and detainer actions shall -e co,,enced and tried in the ,unicipal trial court o( the ,unicipalit. or cit. wherein the real propert. in'ol'ed$ or a portion thereo($ is situated2 *1CaD$ 6CaDa+ Se%&#!n (' 4enue of personal a&tions2 3 All other actions ,a. -e co,,enced and tried where the plainti(( or an. o( the principal plainti((s resides$ or where the de(endant or an. o( the principal de(endants resides$ or in the case o( a non-resident de(endant where he ,a. -e (ound$ at the election o( the plainti((2 *6C-Da+ Se%&#!n )' 4enue of a&tions against nonresidents2 3 !( an. o( the de(endants does not reside and is not (ound in the Philippines$ and the action a((ects the personal status o( the plainti(($ or an. propert. o( said de(endant located in the Philippines$ the action ,a. -e co,,enced and tried in the court o( the place where the plainti(( resides$ or where the propert. or an. portion thereo( is situated or (ound2 *6CcDa+ Se%&#!n *' ,hen Rule not appli&a'le2 3 This Rule shall not appl.2 *a+ !n those cases where a speci(ic rule or law pro'ides otherwise; or *-+ <here the parties ha'e 'alidl. a/reed in writin/ -e(ore the (ilin/ o( the action on the e5clusi'e 'enue thereo(2 *9a$ )a+

RULE + Un#0!r3 Pr!%e-/re In Tr#a C!/r&$ Se%&#!n 1' .niform pro&edure2 3 The procedure in the %unicipal Trial ourts shall -e the sa,e as in the Re/ional Trial ourts$ e5cept *a+ where a particular pro'ision e5pressl. or i,pliedl. applies onl. to either o( said courts$ or *-+ in ci'il cases /o'erned -. the Rule on Su,,ar. Procedure2 *n+

Se%&#!n (' Meaning of terms2 3 The ter, =%unicipal Trial ourts= as used in these Rules shall include %etropolitan Trial ourts$ %unicipal Trial ourts in ities$ %unicipal Trial ourts$ and %unicipal ircuit Trial ourts2 *1a+

Pr!%e-/re In Re4#!na Tr#a C!/r&$

RULE , 5#n-$ O0 P ea-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' Pleadings defined2 3 Pleadin/s are the written state,ents o( the respecti'e clai,s and de(enses o( the parties su-,itted to the court (or appropriate jud/,ent2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Pleadings allo%ed2 3 The clai,s o( a part. are asserted in a co,plaint$ counterclai,$ cross-clai,$ third *(ourth$ etc2+-part. co,plaint$ or co,plaint-in-inter'ention2 The de(enses o( a part. are alle/ed in the answer to the pleadin/ assertin/ a clai, a/ainst hi,2 An answer ,a. -e responded to -. a repl.2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Complaint2 3 The co,plaint is the pleadin/ alle/in/ the plainti((Es cause or causes o( action2 The na,es and residences o( the plainti(( and de(endant ,ust -e stated in the co,plaint2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Ans%er2 3 An answer is a pleadin/ in which a de(endin/ part. sets (orth his de(enses2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' 1efenses2 3 #e(enses ,a. either -e ne/ati'e or a((ir,ati'e2 *a+ A ne/ati'e de(ense is the speci(ic denial o( the ,aterial (act or (acts alle/ed in the pleadin/ o( the clai,ant essential to his cause or causes o( action2 *-+ An a((ir,ati'e de(ense is an alle/ation o( a new ,atter which$ while h.potheticall. ad,ittin/ the ,aterial alle/ations in the pleadin/ o( the clai,ant$ would ne'ertheless pre'ent or -ar reco'er. -. hi,2 The a((ir,ati'e de(enses include (raud$ statute o( li,itations$ release$ pa.,ent$ ille/alit.$ statute o( (rauds$ estoppel$ (or,er reco'er.$ dischar/e in -an4ruptc.$ and an. other ,atter -. wa. o( con(ession and a'oidance2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Counter&laim2 3 A counterclai, is an. clai, which a de(endin/ part. ,a. ha'e a/ainst an opposin/ part.2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Compulsory &ounter&laim2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai, is one which$ -ein/ co/ni7a-le -. the re/ular courts o( justice$ arises out o( or is connected with the transaction or occurrence constitutin/ the su-ject ,atter o( the opposin/ part.Es clai, and does not re?uire (or its adjudication the presence o( third parties o( who, the court cannot ac?uire jurisdiction2 Such a counterclai, ,ust -e within the jurisdiction o( the court -oth as to the a,ount and the nature thereo($ e5cept that in an ori/inal action -e(ore the Re/ional Trial ourt$ the counter-clai, ,a. -e considered co,pulsor. re/ardless o( the a,ount2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' Cross-&laim2 3 A cross-clai, is an. clai, -. one part. a/ainst a co-part. arisin/ out o( the transaction or occurrence that is the su-ject ,atter either o( the ori/inal action or o( a counterclai, therein2 Such cross-clai, ,a. include a clai, that the part. a/ainst who, it is asserted is or ,a. -e lia-le to the cross-clai,ant (or all or part o( a clai, asserted in the action a/ainst the cross-clai,ant2 *7+

Se%&#!n 9' Counter-&ounter&laims and &ounter-&ross&laims2 3 A counter-clai, ,a. -e asserted a/ainst an ori/inal counter-clai,ant2 A cross-clai, ,a. also -e (iled a/ainst an ori/inal cross-clai,ant2 *n+ Se%&#!n 12' Reply2 3 A repl. is a pleadin/$ the o((ice or (unction o( which is to den.$ or alle/e (acts in denial or a'oidance o( new ,atters alle/ed -. wa. o( de(ense in the answer and there-. join or ,a4e issue as to such new ,atters2 !( a part. does not (ile such repl.$ all the new ,atters alle/ed in the answer are dee,ed contro'erted2 !( the plainti(( wishes to interpose an. clai,s arisin/ out o( the new ,atters so alle/ed$ such clai,s shall -e set (orth in an a,ended or supple,ental co,plaint2 *11+ Se%&#!n 11' #hird, 5fourth, et&.67party &omplaint2 3 A third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. co,plaint is a clai, that a de(endin/ part. ,a.$ with lea'e o( court$ (ile a/ainst a person not a part. to the action$ called the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. de(endant (or contri-ution$ inde,nit.$ su-ro/ation or an. other relie($ in respect o( his opponentEs clai,2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1(' Bringing ne% parties2 3 <hen the presence o( parties other than those to the ori/inal action is re?uired (or the /rantin/ o( co,plete relie( in the deter,ination o( a counterclai, or cross-clai,$ the court shall order the, to -e -rou/ht in as de(endants$ i( jurisdiction o'er the, can -e o-tained2 *18+ Se%&#!n 1)' Ans%er to third 5fourth, et&.67party &omplaint2 3 A third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. de(endant ,a. alle/e in his answer his de(enses$ counterclai,s or cross-clai,s$ includin/ such de(enses that the third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3 part. plainti(( ,a. ha'e a/ainst the ori/inal plainti((Es clai,2 !n proper cases$ he ,a. also assert a counterclai, a/ainst the ori/inal plainti(( in respect o( the latterEs clai, a/ainst the third-part. plainti((2 *n+

RULE 7 Par&$ !0 a P ea-#n4 Se%&#!n 1' Caption2 3 The caption sets (orth the na,e o( the court$ the title o( the action$ and the doc4et nu,-er i( assi/ned2 The title o( the action indicates the na,es o( the parties2 The. shall all -e na,ed in the ori/inal co,plaint or petition; -ut in su-se?uent pleadin/s$ it shall -e su((icient i( the na,e o( the (irst part. on each side -e stated with an appropriate indication when there are other parties2 Their respecti'e participation in the case shall -e indicated2 *1a$ 6a+ Se%&#!n (' #he 'ody2 3 The -od. o( the pleadin/ sets (ourth its desi/nation$ the alle/ations o( the part.Es clai,s or de(enses$ the relie( pra.ed (or$ and the date o( the pleadin/2 *n+ *a+ Paragraphs2 3 The alle/ations in the -od. o( a pleadin/ shall -e di'ided into para/raphs so nu,-ered to -e readil. identi(ied$ each o( which shall contain a state,ent o( a sin/le set o( circu,stances so (ar as that can -e done with con'enience2 A para/raph ,a. -e re(erred to -. its nu,-er in all succeedin/ pleadin/s2 *9a+ *-+ 8eadings2 3 <hen two or ,ore causes o( action are joined the state,ent o( the (irst shall -e pre(aced -. the words =(irst cause o( action$EE o( the second -. =second cause o( action=$ and so on (or the others2 <hen one or ,ore para/raphs in the answer are addressed to one o( se'eral causes o( action in the co,plaint$ the. shall -e pre(aced -. the words =answer to the (irst cause o( action= or =answer to the second cause o( action= and so on; and when one or ,ore para/raphs o( the answer are addressed to se'eral causes o( action$ the. shall -e pre(aced -. words to that e((ect2 *8+

*c+ Relief. 3 The pleadin/ shall speci(. the relie( sou/ht$ -ut it ,a. add a /eneral pra.er (or such (urther or other relie( as ,a. -e dee,ed just or e?uita-le2 *9a$ R:+ *d+ 1ate2 3 E'er. pleadin/ shall -e dated2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Signature and address2 3 E'er. pleadin/ ,ust -e si/ned -. the part. or counsel representin/ hi,$ statin/ in either case his address which should not -e a post o((ice -o52 The si/nature o( counsel constitutes a certi(icate -. hi, that he has read the pleadin/; that to the -est o( his 4nowled/e$ in(or,ation$ and -elie( there is /ood /round to support it; and that it is not interposed (or dela.2 An unsi/ned pleadin/ produces no le/al e((ect2 >owe'er$ the court ,a.$ in its discretion$ allow such de(icienc. to -e re,edied i( it shall appear that the sa,e was due to ,ere inad'ertence and not intended (or dela.2 ounsel who deli-eratel. (iles an unsi/ned pleadin/$ or si/ns a pleadin/ in 'iolation o( this Rule$ or alle/es scandalous or indecent ,atter therein$ or (ails pro,ptl. report to the court a chan/e o( his address$ shall -e su-ject to appropriate disciplinar. action2 *)a+ Se%&#!n *' 4erifi&ation2 3 E5cept when otherwise speci(icall. re?uired -. law or rule$ pleadin/s need not -e under oath$ 'eri(ied or acco,panied -. a((ida'it 2*)a+ A pleadin/ is 'eri(ied -. an a((ida'it that the a((iant has read the pleadin/ and that the alle/ations therein are true and correct o( his 4nowled/e and -elie(2 A pleadin/ re?uired to -e 'eri(ied which contains a 'eri(ication -ased on =in(or,ation and -elie(=$ or upon =4nowled/e$ in(or,ation and -elie(=$ or lac4s a proper 'eri(ication$ shall -e treated as an unsi/ned pleadin/2 *:a+ Se%&#!n +' Certifi&ation against forum shopping2 3 The plainti(( or principal part. shall certi(. under oath in the co,plaint or other initiator. pleadin/ assertin/ a clai, (or relie($ or in a sworn certi(ication anne5ed thereto and si,ultaneousl. (iled therewith1 *a+ that he has not thereto(ore co,,enced an. action or (iled an. clai, in'ol'in/ the sa,e issues in an. court$ tri-unal or ?uasi-judicial a/enc. and$ to the -est o( his 4nowled/e$ no such other action or clai, is pendin/ therein; *-+ i( there is such other pendin/ action or clai,$ a co,plete state,ent o( the present status thereo(; and *c+ i( he should therea(ter learn that the sa,e or si,ilar action or clai, has -een (iled or is pendin/$ he shall report that (act within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro, to the court wherein his a(oresaid co,plaint or initiator. pleadin/ has -een (iled2 Failure to co,pl. with the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents shall not -e cura-le -. ,ere a,end,ent o( the co,plaint or other initiator. pleadin/ -ut shall -e cause (or the dis,issal o( the case without prejudice$ unless otherwise pro'ided$ upon ,otion and a(ter hearin/2 The su-,ission o( a (alse certi(ication or non-co,pliance with an. o( the underta4in/s therein shall constitute indirect conte,pt o( court$ without prejudice to the correspondin/ ad,inistrati'e and cri,inal actions2 !( the acts o( the part. or his counsel clearl. constitute will(ul and deli-erate (oru, shoppin/$ the sa,e shall -e /round (or su,,ar. dis,issal with prejudice and shall constitute direct conte,pt$ as well as a cause (or ad,inistrati'e sanctions2 *n+

RULE 1 Manner !0 Ma6#n4 A e4a&#!n$ #n P ea-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' $n general2 3 E'er. pleadin/ shall contain in a ,ethodical and lo/ical (or,$ a plain$ concise and direct state,ent o( the ulti,ate (acts on which the part. pleadin/ relies (or his clai, or de(ense$ as the case ,a. -e$ o,ittin/ the state,ent o( ,ere e'identiar. (acts2 *1+ !( a de(ense relied on is -ased on law$ the pertinent pro'isions thereo( and their applica-ilit. to hi, shall -e clearl. and concisel. stated2 *n+

Se%&#!n (' Alternati(e &auses of a&tion or defenses2 3 A part. ,a. set (orth two or ,ore state,ents o( a clai, or de(ense alternati'el. or h.potheticall.$ either in one cause o( action or de(ense or in separate causes o( action or de(enses2 <hen two or ,ore state,ents are ,ade in the alternati'e and one o( the, i( ,ade independentl. would -e su((icient$ the pleadin/ is not ,ade insu((icient -. the insu((icienc. o( one or ,ore o( the alternati'e state,ents2 *6+ Se%&#!n )' Conditions pre&edent2 3 !n an. pleadin/ a /eneral a'er,ent o( the per(or,ance or occurrence o( all conditions precedent shall -e su((icient2 *9+ Se%&#!n *' Capa&ity2 3 Facts showin/ the capacit. o( a part. to sue or -e sued or the authorit. o( a part. to sue or -e sued in a representati'e capacit. or the le/al e5istence o( an or/ani7ed association o( person that is ,ade a part.$ ,ust -e a'erred2 A part. desirin/ to raise an issue as to the le/al e5istence o( an. part. or the capacit. o( an. part. to sue or -e sued in a representati'e capacit.$ shall do so -. speci(ic denial$ which shall include such supportin/ particulars as are peculiarl. within the pleaderEs 4nowled/e2 *8+ Se%&#!n +' 9raud, mista/e, &ondition of the mind2 3 !n all a'er,ents o( (raud or ,ista4e the circu,stances constitutin/ (raud or ,ista4e ,ust -e stated with particularit.2 %alice$ intent$ 4nowled/e$ or other condition o( the ,ind o( a person ,a. -e a'erred /enerall.2*)a+ Se%&#!n ,' *udgment2 3 !n pleadin/ a jud/,ent or decision o( a do,estic or (orei/n court$ judicial or ?uasi-judicial tri-unal$ or o( a -oard or o((icer$ it is su((icient to a'er the jud/,ent or decision without settin/ (orth ,atter showin/ jurisdiction to render it2 *:+ Se%&#!n 7' A&tion or defense 'ased on do&ument2 3 <hene'er an action or de(ense is -ased upon a written instru,ent or docu,ent$ the su-stance o( such instru,ent or docu,ent shall -e set (orth in the pleadin/$ and the ori/inal or a cop. thereo( shall -e attached to the pleadin/ as an e5hi-it$ which shall -e dee,ed to -e a part o( the pleadin/$ or said cop. ,a. with li4e e((ect -e set (orth in the pleadin/2 *7+ Se%&#!n 1' 8o% to &ontest su&h do&uments2 3 <hen an action or de(ense is (ounded upon a written instru,ent$ copied in or attached to the correspondin/ pleadin/ as pro'ided in the precedin/ section$ the /enuineness and due e5ecution o( the instru,ent shall -e dee,ed ad,itted unless the ad'erse part.$ under oath speci(icall. denies the,$ and sets (orth what he clai,s to -e the (acts$ -ut the re?uire,ent o( an oath does not appl. when the ad'erse part. does not appear to -e a part. to the instru,ent or when co,pliance with an order (or an inspection o( the ori/inal instru,ent is re(used2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' )ffi&ial do&ument or a&t2 3 !n pleadin/ an o((icial docu,ent or o((icial act$ it is su((icient to a'er that the docu,ent was issued or the act done in co,pliance with law2 *9+ Se%&#!n 12' Spe&ifi& denial2 3 A de(endant ,ust speci(. each ,aterial alle/ation o( (act the truth o( which he does not ad,it and$ whene'er practica-le$ shall set (orth the su-stance o( the ,atters upon which he relies to support his denial2 <here a de(endant desires to den. onl. a part o( an a'er,ent$ he shall speci(. so ,uch o( it as is true and ,aterial and shall den. onl. the re,ainder2 <here a de(endant is without 4nowled/e or in(or,ation su((icient to (or, a -elie( as to the truth o( a ,aterial a'er,ent ,ade to the co,plaint$ he shall so state$ and this shall ha'e the e((ect o( a denial2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 11' Allegations not spe&ifi&ally denied deemed admitted2 3 %aterial a'er,ent in the co,plaint$ other than those as to the a,ount o( unli?uidated da,a/es$ shall -e dee,ed ad,itted when not speci(icall. denied2 Alle/ations o( usur. in a co,plaint to reco'er usurious interest are dee,ed ad,itted i( not denied under oath2 *1a$ R9+ Se%&#!n 1(' Stri/ing out of pleading or matter &ontained therein2 3 Upon ,otion ,ade -. a part. -e(ore respondin/ to a pleadin/ or$ i( no responsi'e pleadin/ is per,itted -. these Rules$ upon ,otion ,ade -. a part. within twent. *6A+ da.s a(ter the ser'ice o( the pleadin/ upon hi,$ or upon the courtEs own initiati'e at an. ti,e$ the court ,a. order an. pleadin/ to -e stric4en out or that an. sha, or (alse$ redundant$ i,,aterial$ i,pertinent$ or scandalous ,atter -e stric4en out there(ro,2 *)$ R9+

RULE 9

E00e%& !0 Fa# /re &! P eaSe%&#!n 1' 1efenses and o'+e&tions not pleaded2 3 #e(enses and o-jections not pleaded either in a ,otion to dis,iss or in the answer are dee,ed wai'ed2 >owe'er$ when it appears (ro, the pleadin/s or the e'idence on record that the court has no jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter$ that there is another action pendin/ -etween the sa,e parties (or the sa,e cause$ or that the action is -arred -. a prior jud/,ent or -. statute o( li,itations$ the court shall dis,iss the clai,2 *6a+ Se%&#!n (' Compulsory &ounter&laim$ or &ross-&laim$ not set up 'arred2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai,$ or a crossclai,$ not set up shall -e -arred2 *8a+ Se%&#!n )' 1efault; de&laration of. 3 !( the de(endin/ part. (ails to answer within the ti,e allowed there(or$ the court shall$ upon ,otion o( the clai,in/ part. with notice to the de(endin/ part.$ and proo( o( such (ailure$ declare the de(endin/ part. in de(ault2 Thereupon$ the court shall proceed to render jud/,ent /rantin/ the clai,ant such relie( as his pleadin/ ,a. warrant$ unless the court in its discretion re?uires the clai,ant to su-,it e'idence2 Such reception o( e'idence ,a. -e dele/ated to the cler4 o( court2 *1a$ R1@+ *a+ 0ffe&t of order of default2 3 A part. in de(ault shall -e entitled to notice o( su-se?uent proceedin/s -ut not to ta4e part in the trial2 *6a$ R1@+ *-+ Relief from order of default2 3 A part. declared in de(ault ,a. at an. ti,e a(ter notice thereo( and -e(ore jud/,ent (ile a ,otion under oath to set aside the order o( de(ault upon proper showin/ that his (ailure to answer was due to (raud$ accident$ ,ista4e or e5cusa-le ne/li/ence and that he has a ,eritorious de(ense2 !n such case$ the order o( de(ault ,a. -e set aside on such ter,s and conditions as the jud/e ,a. i,pose in the interest o( justice2 *9a$ R1@+ *c+ 0ffe&t of partial default2 3 <hen a pleadin/ assertin/ a clai, states a co,,on cause o( action a/ainst se'eral de(endin/ parties$ so,e o( who, answer and the others (ail to do so$ the court shall tr. the case a/ainst all upon the answers thus (iled and render jud/,ent upon the e'idence presented2 *8a$ R1@+2 *d+ 02tent of relief to 'e a%arded2 3 A jud/,ent rendered a/ainst a part. in de(ault shall not e5ceed the a,ount or -e di((erent in 4ind (ro, that pra.ed (or nor award unli?uidated da,a/es2 *)a$ R1@+2 *e+ ,here no defaults allo%ed2 3 !( the de(endin/ part. in an action (or annul,ent or declaration o( nullit. o( ,arria/e or (or le/al separation (ails to answer$ the court shall order the prosecutin/ attorne. to in'esti/ate whether or not a collusion -etween the parties e5ists$ and i( there is no collusion$ to inter'ene (or the State in order to see to it that the e'idence su-,itted is not (a-ricated2 *:a$ R1@+

RULE 12 A3en-e- an- S/77 e3en&a P ea-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' Amendments in general2 3 Pleadin/s ,a. -e a,ended -. addin/ or stri4in/ out an alle/ation or the na,e o( an. part.$ or -. correctin/ a ,ista4e in the na,e o( a part. or a ,ista4en or inade?uate alle/ation or description in an. other respect$ so that the actual ,erits o( the contro'ers. ,a. speedil. -e deter,ined$ without re/ard to technicalities$ and in the ,ost e5peditious and ine5pensi'e ,anner2 *1+ Se%&#!n (' Amendments as a matter of right2 3 A part. ,a. a,end his pleadin/ once as a ,atter o( ri/ht at an. ti,e -e(ore a responsi'e pleadin/ is ser'ed or$ in the case o( a repl.$ at an. ti,e within ten *1A+ da.s a(ter it is ser'ed2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Amendments 'y lea(e of &ourt2 3 E5cept as pro'ided in the ne5t precedin/ section$ su-stantial a,end,ents ,a. -e ,ade onl. upon lea'e o( court2 0ut such lea'e ,a. -e re(used i( it appears to the court that the ,otion was ,ade with intent to dela.2 Orders o( the court upon the ,atters pro'ided in this section shall -e ,ade upon ,otion (iled in court$ and a(ter notice to the ad'erse part.$ and an opportunit. to -e heard2 *9a+

Se%&#!n *' 9ormal amendments2 3 A de(ect in the desi/nation o( the parties and other clearl. clerical or t.po/raphical errors ,a. -e su,,aril. corrected -. the court at an. sta/e o( the action$ at its initiati'e or on ,otion$ pro'ided no prejudice is caused there-. to the ad'erse part.2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Amendment to &onform to or authori:e presentation of e(iden&e2 3 <hen issues not raised -. the pleadin/s are tried with the e5press or i,plied consent o( the parties the. shall -e treated in all respects as i( the. had -een raised in the pleadin/s2 Such a,end,ent o( the pleadin/s as ,a. -e necessar. to cause the, to con(or, to the e'idence and to raise these issues ,a. -e ,ade upon ,otion o( an. part. at an. ti,e$ e'en a(ter jud/,ent; -ut (ailure to a,end does not e((ect the result o( the trial o( these issues2 !( e'idence is o-jected to at the trial on the /round that it is not within the issues ,ade -. the pleadin/s$ the court ,a. allow the pleadin/s to -e a,ended and shall do so with li-eralit. i( the presentation o( the ,erits o( the action and the ends o( su-stantial justice will -e su-ser'ed there-.2 The court ,a. /rant a continuance to ena-le the a,end,ent to -e ,ade2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Supplemental pleadings2 3 Upon ,otion o( a part. the court ,a.$ upon reasona-le notice and upon such ter,s as are just$ per,it hi, to ser'e a supple,ental pleadin/ settin/ (orth transactions$ occurrences or e'ents which ha'e happened since the date o( the pleadin/ sou/ht to -e supple,ented2 The ad'erse part. ,a. plead thereto within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the supple,ental pleadin/2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' 9iling of amended pleadings2 3 <hen an. pleadin/ is a,ended$ a new cop. o( the entire pleadin/$ incorporatin/ the a,end,ents$ which shall -e indicated -. appropriate ,ar4s$ shall -e (iled2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' 0ffe&t of amended pleadings2 3 An a,ended pleadin/ supersedes the pleadin/ that it a,ends2 >owe'er$ ad,issions in superseded pleadin/s ,a. -e recei'ed in e'idence a/ainst the pleader$ and clai,s or de(enses alle/ed therein not incorporated in the a,ended pleadin/ shall -e dee,ed wai'ed2 *n+

RULE 11 89en &! F# e Re$7!n$#"e P ea-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' Ans%er to the &omplaint2 3 The de(endant shall (ile his answer to the co,plaint within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter ser'ice o( su,,ons$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed -. the court2 *la+ Se%&#!n (' Ans%er of a defendant foreign pri(ate +uridi&al entity2 3 <here the de(endant is a (orei/n pri'ate juridical entit. and ser'ice o( su,,ons is ,ade on the /o'ern,ent o((icial desi/nated -. law to recei'e the sa,e$ the answer shall -e (iled within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter receipt o( su,,ons -. such entit.2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Ans%er to amended &omplaint2 3 <hen the plainti(( (iles an a,ended co,plaint as a ,atter o( ri/ht$ the de(endant shall answer the sa,e within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter -ein/ ser'ed with a cop. thereo(2 <here its (ilin/ is not a ,atter o( ri/ht$ the de(endant shall answer the a,ended co,plaint within ten *lA+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the sa,e2 An answer earlier (iled ,a. ser'e as the answer to the a,ended co,plaint i( no new answer is (iled2 This Rule shall appl. to the answer to an a,ended counterclai,$ a,ended cross-clai,$ a,ended third *(ourth$ etc2+ 3part. co,plaint$ and a,ended co,plaint-in-inter'ention2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Ans%er to &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim2 3 A counterclai, or cross-clai, ,ust -e answered within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice2 *8+ Se%&#!n +' Ans%er to third 5fourth, et&.6-party &omplaint2 3 The ti,e to answer a third *(ourth$ etc2+3part. co,plaint shall -e /o'erned -. the sa,e rule as the answer to the co,plaint2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Reply2 3 A repl. ,a. -e (iled within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( the pleadin/ responded to2 *:+

Se%&#!n 7' Ans%er to supplemental &omplain2 3 A supple,ental co,plaint ,a. -e answered within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the sa,e$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed -. the court2 The answer to the co,plaint shall ser'e as the answer to the supple,ental co,plaint i( no new or supple,ental answer is (iled2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' 02isting &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim2 3 A co,pulsor. counterclai, or a cross-clai, that a de(endin/ part. has at the ti,e he (iles his answer shall -e contained therein2 *@a$ R:+ Se%&#!n 9' Counter&laim or &ross-&laim arising after ans%er2 3 A counterclai, or a cross-clai, which either ,atured or was ac?uired -. a part. a(ter ser'in/ his pleadin/ ,a.$ with the per,ission o( the court$ -e presented as a counterclai, or a cross-clai, -. supple,ental pleadin/ -e(ore jud/,ent2 *9$ R:+ Se%&#!n 12' )mitted &ounter&laim or &ross-&laim2 3 <hen a pleader (ails to set up a counterclai, or a cross-clai, throu/h o'ersi/ht$ inad'ertence$ or e5cusa-le ne/lect$ or when justice re?uires$ he ,a.$ -. lea'e o( court$ set up the counterclai, or cross-clai, -. a,end,ent -e(ore jud/,ent2 *9$ R9+ Se%&#!n 11' 02tension of time to plead2 3 Upon ,otion and on such ter,s as ,a. -e just$ the court ,a. e5tend the ti,e to plead pro'ided in these Rules2 The court ,a. also$ upon li4e ter,s$ allow an answer or other pleadin/ to -e (iled a(ter the ti,e (i5ed -. these Rules2 *7+

RULE 1( :# !0 Par&#%/ ar$ Se%&#!n 1' ,hen applied for; purpose2 3 0e(ore respondin/ to a pleadin/$ a part. ,a. ,o'e (or a de(inite state,ent or (or a -ill o( particulars o( an. ,atter which is not a'erted with su((icient de(initeness or particularit. to ena-le hi, properl. to prepare his responsi'e pleadin/2 !( the pleadin/ is a repl.$ the ,otion ,ust -e (iled within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice thereo(2 Such ,otion shall point out the de(ects co,plained o($ the para/raphs wherein the. are contained$ and the details desired2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' A&tion 'y the &ourt2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the ,otion$ the cler4 o( court ,ust i,,ediatel. -rin/ it to the attention o( the court which ,a. either den. or /rant it outri/ht$ or allow the parties the opportunit. to -e heard2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Complian&e %ith order2 3 !( the ,otion is /ranted$ either in whole or in part$ the co,pliance therewith ,ust -e e((ected within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed -. the court2 The -ill o( particulars or a ,ore de(inite state,ent ordered -. the court ,a. -e (iled either in a separate or in an a,ended pleadin/$ ser'in/ a cop. thereo( on the ad'erse part.2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' 0ffe&t of non-&omplian&e2 3 !( the order is not o-e.ed$ or in case o( insu((icient co,pliance therewith$ the court ,a. order the stri4in/ out o( the pleadin/ or the portions thereo( to which the order was directed or ,a4e such other order as it dee,s just2 *1CcDa+ Se%&#!n +' Stay of period to file responsi(e pleading2 3 A(ter ser'ice o( the -ill o( particulars or o( a ,ore de(inite pleadin/$ or a(ter notice o( denial o( his ,otion$ the ,o'in/ part. ,a. (ile his responsi'e pleadin/ within the period to which he was entitled at the ti,e o( (ilin/ his ,otion$ which shall not -e less than (i'e *)+ da.s in an. e'ent2 *1C-Da+ Se%&#!n ,' Bill a part of pleading2 3 A -ill o( particulars -eco,es part o( the pleadin/ (or which it is intended2 *1CaDa+

RULE 1)

F# #n4 an- Ser"#%e !0 P ea-#n4$, J/-43en&$ an- O&9er Pa7er$ Se%&#!n 1' Co(erage2 3 This Rule shall /o'ern the (ilin/ o( all pleadin/s and other papers$ as well as the ser'ice thereo($ e5cept those (or which a di((erent ,ode o( ser'ice is prescri-ed2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' 9iling and ser(i&e$ defined2 3 Filin/ is the act o( presentin/ the pleadin/ or other paper to the cler4 o( court2 Ser'ice is the act o( pro'idin/ a part. with a cop. o( the pleadin/ or paper concerned2 !( an. part. has appeared -. counsel$ ser'ice upon hi, shall -e ,ade upon his counsel or one o( the,$ unless ser'ice upon the part. hi,sel( is ordered -. the court2 <here one counsel appears (or se'eral parties$ he shall onl. -e entitled to one cop. o( an. paper ser'ed upon hi, -. the opposite side2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Manner of filing2 3 The (ilin/ o( pleadin/s$ appearances$ ,otions$ notices$ orders$ jud/,ents and all other papers shall -e ,ade -. presentin/ the ori/inal copies thereo($ plainl. indicated as such$ personall. to the cler4 o( court or -. sendin/ the, -. re/istered ,ail2 !n the (irst case$ the cler4 o( court shall endorse on the pleadin/ the date and hour o( (ilin/2 !n the second case$ the date o( the ,ailin/ o( ,otions$ pleadin/s$ or an. other papers or pa.,ents or deposits$ as shown -. the post o((ice sta,p on the en'elope or the re/istr. receipt$ shall -e considered as the date o( their (ilin/$ pa.,ent$ or deposit in court2 The en'elope shall -e attached to the record o( the case2 *1a+ Se%&#!n *' Papers re;uired to 'e filed and ser(ed2 3 E'er. jud/,ent$ resolution$ order$ pleadin/ su-se?uent to the co,plaint$ written ,otion$ notice$ appearance$ de,and$ o((er o( jud/,ent or si,ilar papers shall -e (iled with the court$ and ser'ed upon the parties a((ected2 *6a+ Se%&#!n +' Modes of ser(i&e2 3 Ser'ice o( pleadin/s ,otions$ notices$ orders$ jud/,ents and other papers shall -e ,ade either personall. or -. ,ail2 *9a+ Se%&#!n ,' Personal ser(i&e2 3 Ser'ice o( the papers ,a. -e ,ade -. deli'erin/ personall. a cop. to the part. or his counsel$ or -. lea'in/ it in his o((ice with his cler4 or with a person ha'in/ char/e thereo(2 !( no person is (ound in his o((ice$ or his o((ice is not 4nown$ or he has no o((ice$ then -. lea'in/ the cop.$ -etween the hours o( ei/ht in the ,ornin/ and si5 in the e'enin/$ at the part.Es or counselEs residence$ i( 4nown$ with a person o( su((icient a/e and discretion then residin/ therein2 *8a+ Se%&#!n 7' Ser(i&e 'y mail2 3 Ser'ice -. re/istered ,ail shall -e ,ade -. depositin/ the cop. in the post o((ice in a sealed en'elope$ plainl. addressed to the part. or his counsel at his o((ice$ i( 4nown$ otherwise at his residence$ i( 4nown$ with posta/e (ull. prepaid$ and with instructions to the post,aster to return the ,ail to the sender a(ter ten *1A+ da.s i( undeli'ered2 !( no re/istr. ser'ice is a'aila-le in the localit. o( either the senders or the addressee$ ser'ice ,a. -e done -. ordinar. ,ail2 *)a; 0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 17 Fe-ruar. 199@+ Se%&#!n 1' Su'stituted ser(i&e2 3 !( ser'ice o( pleadin/s$ ,otions$ notices$ resolutions$ orders and other papers cannot -e ,ade under the two precedin/ sections$ the o((ice and place o( residence o( the part. or his counsel -ein/ un4nown$ ser'ice ,a. -e ,ade -. deli'erin/ the cop. to the cler4 o( court$ with proo( o( (ailure o( -oth personal ser'ice and ser'ice -. ,ail2 The ser'ice is co,plete at the ti,e o( such deli'er.2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 9' Ser(i&e of +udgments$ final orders$ or resolutions2 3 Fud/,ents$ (inal orders or resolutions shall -e ser'ed either personall. or -. re/istered ,ail2 <hen a part. su,,oned -. pu-lication has (ailed to appear in the action$ jud/,ents$ (inal orders or resolutions a/ainst hi, shall -e ser'ed upon hi, also -. pu-lication at the e5pense o( the pre'ailin/ part.2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 12' Completeness of ser(i&e2 3 Personal ser'ice is co,plete upon actual deli'er.2 Ser'ice -. ordinar. ,ail is co,plete upon the e5piration o( ten *1A+ da.s a(ter ,ailin/$ unless the court otherwise pro'ides2 Ser'ice -. re/istered ,ail is co,plete upon actual receipt -. the addressee$ or a(ter (i'e *)+ da.s (ro, the date he recei'ed the (irst notice o( the post,aster$ whiche'er date is earlier2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 11' Priorities in modes of ser(i&e and filing2 3 <hene'er practica-le$ the ser'ice and (ilin/ o( pleadin/s and other papers shall -e done personall.2 E5cept with respect to papers e,anatin/ (ro, the court$ a resort to other ,odes ,ust -e acco,panied -. a written e5planation wh. the ser'ice or (ilin/ was not done personall.2 A 'iolation o( this Rule ,a. -e cause to consider the paper as not (iled2 *n+

Se%&#!n 1(' Proof of filing2 3 The (ilin/ o( a pleadin/ or paper shall -e pro'ed -. its e5istence in the record o( the case2 !( it is not in the record$ -ut is clai,ed to ha'e -een (iled personall.$ the (ilin/ shall -e pro'ed -. the written or sta,ped ac4nowled/,ent o( its (ilin/ -. the cler4 o( court on a cop. o( the sa,e; i( (iled -. re/istered ,ail$ -. the re/istr. receipt and -. the a((ida'it o( the person who did the ,ailin/$ containin/ a (ull state,ent o( the date and place o( depositin/ the ,ail in the post o((ice in a sealed en'elope addressed to the court$ with posta/e (ull. prepaid$ and with instructions to the post,aster to return the ,ail to the sender a(ter ten *1A+ da.s i( not deli'ered2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1)' Proof of Ser(i&e2 3 Proo( o( personal ser'ice shall consist o( a written ad,ission o( the part. ser'ed$ or the o((icial return o( the ser'er$ or the a((ida'it o( the part. ser'in/$ containin/ a (ull state,ent o( the date$ place and ,anner o( ser'ice2 !( the ser'ice is -. ordinar. ,ail$ proo( thereo( shall consist o( an a((ida'it o( the person ,ailin/ o( (acts showin/ co,pliance with section 7 o( this Rule2 !( ser'ice is ,ade -. re/istered ,ail$ proo( shall -e ,ade -. such a((ida'it and the re/istr. receipt issued -. the ,ailin/ o((ice2 The re/istr. return card shall -e (iled i,,ediatel. upon its receipt -. the sender$ or in lieu thereo( the unclai,ed letter to/ether with the certi(ied or sworn cop. o( the notice /i'en -. the post,aster to the addressee2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 1*' Noti&e of lis pendens2 3 !n an action a((ectin/ the title or the ri/ht o( possession o( real propert.$ the plainti(( and the de(endant$ when a((ir,ati'e relie( is clai,ed in his answer$ ,a. record in the o((ice o( the re/istr. o( deeds o( the pro'ince in which the propert. is situated notice o( the pendenc. o( the action2 Said notice shall contain the na,es o( the parties and the o-ject o( the action or de(ense$ and a description o( the propert. in that pro'ince a((ected there-.2 Onl. (ro, the ti,e o( (ilin/ such notice (or record shall a purchaser$ or encu,-rancer o( the propert. a((ected there-.$ -e dee,ed to ha'e constructi'e notice o( the pendenc. o( the action$ and onl. o( its pendenc. a/ainst the parties desi/nated -. their real na,es2 The notice o( lis pendens hereina-o'e ,entioned ,a. -e cancelled onl. upon order o( the court$ a(ter proper showin/ that the notice is (or the purpose o( ,olestin/ the ad'erse part.$ or that it is not necessar. to protect the ri/hts o( the ri/hts o( the part. who caused it to -e recorded2 *68a$ R-18+

RULE 1* S/33!n$ Se%&#!n 1' Cler/ to issue summons2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint and the pa.,ent o( the re?uisite le/al (ees$ the cler4 o( court shall (orthwith issue the correspondin/ su,,ons to the de(endants2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Contents2 3 The su,,ons shall -e directed to the de(endant$ si/ned -. the cler4 o( court under seal and contain *a+ the na,e o( the court and the na,es o( the parties to the action; *-+ a direction that the de(endant answer within the ti,e (i5ed -. these Rules; *c+ a notice that unless the de(endant so answers plainti(( will ta4e jud/,ent -. de(ault and ,a. -e /ranted the relie( applied (or2 A cop. o( the co,plaint and order (or appoint,ent o( /uardian ad litem i( an.$ shall -e attached to the ori/inal and each cop. o( the su,,ons2 *9a+ Se%&#!n )' By %hom ser(ed2 3 The su,,ons ,a. -e ser'ed -. the sheri(($ his deput.$ or other proper court o((icer$ or (or justi(ia-le reasons -. an. suita-le person authori7ed -. the court issuin/ the su,,ons2 *)a+ Se%&#!n *' Return2 3 <hen the ser'ice has -een co,pleted$ the ser'er shall$ within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro,$ ser'e a cop. o( the return$ personall. or -. re/istered ,ail$ to the plainti((Es counsel$ and shall return the su,,ons to the cler4$ who issued it$ acco,panied -. proo( o( ser'ice2 *:a+ Se%&#!n +' $ssuan&e of alias summons2 3 !( a su,,ons is returned without -ein/ ser'ed on an. or all o( the de(endants$ the ser'er shall also ser'e a cop. o( the return on the plainti((Es counsel$ statin/ the reasons (or the (ailure o( ser'ice$ within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro,2 !n such a case$ or i( the su,,ons has -een lost$ the cler4$ on de,and o( the plainti(($ ,a. issue an alias su,,ons2 *8a+

Se%&#!n ,' Ser(i&e in person on defendant2 3 <hene'er practica-le$ the su,,ons shall -e ser'ed -. handlin/ a cop. thereo( to the de(endant in person$ or$ i( he re(uses to recei'e and si/n (or it$ -. tenderin/ it to hi,2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 7' Su'stituted ser(i&e2 3 !($ (or justi(ia-le causes$ the de(endant cannot -e ser'ed within a reasona-le ti,e as pro'ided in the precedin/ section$ ser'ice ,a. -e e((ected *a+ -. lea'in/ copies o( the su,,ons at the de(endantEs residence with so,e person o( suita-le a/e and discretion then residin/ therein$ or *-+ -. lea'in/ the copies at de(endantEs o((ice or re/ular place o( -usiness with so,e co,petent person in char/e thereo(2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 1' Ser(i&e upon entity %ithout +uridi&al personality2 3 <hen persons associated in an entit. without juridical personalit. are sued under the na,e -. which the. are /enerall. or co,,onl. 4nown$ ser'ice ,a. -e e((ected upon all the de(endants -. ser'in/ upon an. one o( the,$ or upon the person in char/e o( the o((ice or place o( -usiness ,aintained in such na,e2 0ut such ser'ice shall not -ind indi'iduall. an. person whose connection with the entit. has$ upon due notice$ -een se'ered -e(ore the action was -rou/ht2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 9' Ser(i&e upon prisoners2 3 <hen the de(endant is a prisoner con(ined in a jail or institution$ ser'ice shall -e e((ected upon hi, -. the o((icer ha'in/ the ,ana/e,ent o( such jail or institution who is dee,ed deputi7ed as a special sheri(( (or said purpose2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 12' Ser(i&e upon minors and in&ompetents2 3 <hen the de(endant is a ,inor$ insane or otherwise an inco,petent$ ser'ice shall -e ,ade upon hi, personall. and on his le/al /uardian i( he has one$ or i( none his /uardian ad litemwhose appoint,ent shall -e applied (or -. the plainti((2 !n the case o( a ,inor$ ser'ice ,a. also -e ,ade on his (ather or ,other2 *lAa$ 11a+ Se%&#!n 11' Ser(i&e upon domesti& pri(ate +uridi&al entity2 3 <hen the de(endant is a corporation$ partnership or association or/ani7ed under the laws o( the Philippines with a juridical personalit.$ ser'ice ,a. -e ,ade on the president$ ,ana/in/ partner$ /eneral ,ana/er$ corporate secretar.$ treasurer$ or in-house counsel2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 1(' Ser(i&e upon foreign pri(ate +uridi&al entities2 3 <hen the de(endant is a (orei/n pri'ate juridical entit. which has transacted -usiness in the Philippines$ ser'ice ,a. -e ,ade on its resident a/ent desi/nated in accordance with law (or that purpose$ or$ i( there -e no such a/ent$ on the /o'ern,ent o((icial desi/nated -. law to that e((ect$ or on an. o( its o((icers or a/ents within the Philippines2 *18a+ Se%&#!n 1)' Ser(i&e upon pu'li& &orporations2 3 <hen the de(endant is the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ ser'ice ,a. -e e((ected on the Solicitor Beneral; in case o( a pro'ince$ cit. or ,unicipalit.$ or li4e pu-lic corporations$ ser'ice ,a. -e e((ected on its e5ecuti'e head$ or on such other o((icer or o((icers as the law or the court ,a. direct2 *1)+ Se%&#!n 1*' Ser(i&e upon defendant %hose identity or %herea'outs are un/no%n2 3 !n an. action where the de(endant is desi/nated as an un4nown owner$ or the li4e$ or whene'er his wherea-outs are un4nown and cannot -e ascertained -. dili/ent in?uir.$ ser'ice ,a.$ -. lea'e o( court$ -e e((ected upon hi, -. pu-lication in a newspaper o( /eneral circulation and in such places and (or such ti,e as the court ,a. order2 *1:a+ Se%&#!n 1+' 02traterritorial ser(i&e2 3 <hen the de(endant does not reside and is not (ound in the Philippines$ and the action a((ects the personal status o( the plainti(( or relates to$ or the su-ject o( which is$ propert. within the Philippines$ in which the de(endant has or clai,s a lien or interest$ actual or contin/ent$ or in which the relie( de,anded consists$ wholl. or in part$ in e5cludin/ the de(endant (ro, an. interest therein$ or the propert. o( the de(endant has -een attached within the Philippines$ ser'ice ,a.$ -. lea'e o( court$ -e e((ected out o( the Philippines -. personal ser'ice as under section :; or -. pu-lication in a newspaper o( /eneral circulation in such places and (or such ti,e as the court ,a. order$ in which case a cop. o( the su,,ons and order o( the court shall -e sent -. re/istered ,ail to the last 4nown address o( the de(endant$ or in an. other ,anner the court ,a. dee, su((icient2 An. order /rantin/ such lea'e shall speci(. a reasona-le ti,e$ which shall not -e less than si5t. *:A+ da.s a(ter notice$ within which the de(endant ,ust answer2 *17a+ Se%&#!n 1,' Residents temporarily out of the Philippines2 3 <hen an. action is co,,enced a/ainst a de(endant who ordinaril. resides within the Philippines$ -ut who is te,poraril. out o( it$ ser'ice ,a.$ -. lea'e o( court$ -e also e((ected out o( the Philippines$ as under the precedin/ section2 *1@a+

Se%&#!n 17' <ea(e of &ourt2 3 An. application to the court under this Rule (or lea'e to e((ect ser'ice in an. ,anner (or which lea'e o( court is necessar. shall -e ,ade -. ,otion in writin/$ supported -. a((ida'it o( the plainti(( or so,e person on his -ehal($ settin/ (orth the /rounds (or the application2 *19+ Se%&#!n 11' Proof of ser(i&e2 3 The proo( o( ser'ice o( a su,,ons shall -e ,ade in writin/ -. the ser'er and shall set (orth the ,anner$ place$ and date o( ser'ice; shall speci(. an. papers which ha'e -een ser'ed with the process and the na,e o( the person who recei'ed the sa,e; and shall -e sworn to when ,ade -. a person other than a sheri(( or his deput.2 *6A+ Se%&#!n 19' Proof of ser(i&e 'y pu'li&ation2 3 !( the ser'ice has -een ,ade -. pu-lication$ ser'ice ,a. -e pro'ed -. the a((ida'it o( the printer$ his (ore,an or principal cler4$ or o( the editor$ -usiness or ad'ertisin/ ,ana/er$ to which a((ida'it a cop. o( the pu-lication shall -e attached and -. an a((ida'it showin/ the deposit o( a cop. o( the su,,ons and order (or pu-lication in the post o((ice$ posta/e prepaid$ directed to the de(endant -. re/istered ,ail to his last 4nown address2 *61+ Se%&#!n (2' 4oluntary appearan&e2 3 The de(endantEs 'oluntar. appearance in the action shall -e e?ui'alent to ser'ice o( su,,ons2 The inclusion in a ,otion to dis,iss o( other /rounds aside (ro, lac4 o( jurisdiction o'er the person o( the de(endant shall not -e dee,ed a 'oluntar. appearance2 *69a+

RULE 1+ M!&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' Motion defined2 3 A ,otion is an application (or relie( other than -. a pleadin/2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Motions must 'e in %ritings2 3 All ,otions shall -e in writin/ e5cept those ,ade in open court or in the course o( a hearin/ or trial2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Contents2 3 A ,otion shall state the relie( sou/ht to -e o-tained and the /rounds upon which it is -ased$ and i( re?uired -. these Rules or necessar. to pro'e (acts alle/ed therein$ shall -e acco,panied -. supportin/ a((ida'its and other papers2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 8earing of motion2 3 E5cept (or ,otions which the court ,a. act upon without prejudicin/ the ri/hts o( the ad'erse part.$ e'er. written ,otion shall -e set (or hearin/ -. the applicant2 E'er. written ,otion re?uired to -e heard and the notice o( the hearin/ thereo( shall -e ser'ed in such a ,anner as to ensure its receipt -. the other part. at least three *9+ da.s -e(ore the date o( hearin/$ unless the court (or /ood cause sets the hearin/ on shorter notice2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Noti&e of hearing2 3 The notice o( hearin/ shall -e addressed to all parties concerned$ and shall speci(. the ti,e and date o( the hearin/ which ,ust not -e later than ten *1A+ da.s a(ter the (ilin/ o( the ,otion2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Proof of ser(i&e ne&essary2 3 &o written ,otion set (or hearin/ shall -e acted upon -. the court without proo( o( ser'ice thereo(2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Motion day2 3 E5cept (or ,otions re?uirin/ i,,ediate action$ all ,otions shall -e scheduled (or hearin/ on Frida. a(ternoons$ or i( Frida. is a non-wor4in/ da.$ in the a(ternoon o( the ne5t wor4in/ da.2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' )mni'us motion2 3 Su-ject to the pro'isions o( section 1 o( Rule 9$ a ,otion attac4in/ a pleadin/$ order$ jud/,ent$ or proceedin/ shall include all o-jections then a'aila-le$ and all o-jections not so included shall -e dee,ed wai'ed2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' Motion for lea(e2 3 A ,otion (or lea'e to (ile a pleadin/ or ,otion shall -e acco,panied -. the pleadin/ or ,otion sou/ht to -e ad,itted2 *n+

Se%&#!n 12' 9orm2 3 The Rules applica-le to pleadin/s shall appl. to written ,otions so (ar as concerns caption$ desi/nation$ si/nature$ and other ,atters o( (or,2 *9a+

RULE 1, M!&#!n &! D#$3#$$ Se%&#!n 1' 3rounds2 3 <ithin the ti,e (or -ut -e(ore (ilin/ the answer to the co,plaint or pleadin/ assertin/ a clai,$ a ,otion to dis,iss ,a. -e ,ade on an. o( the (ollowin/ /rounds1 *a+ That the court has no jurisdiction o'er the person o( the de(endin/ part.; *-+ That the court has no jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter o( the clai,; *c+ That 'enue is i,properl. laid; *d+ That the plainti(( has no le/al capacit. to sue; *e+ That there is another action pendin/ -etween the sa,e parties (or the sa,e cause; *(+ That the cause o( action is -arred -. a prior jud/,ent or -. the statute o( li,itations; */+ That the pleadin/ assertin/ the clai, states no cause o( action; *h+ That the clai, or de,and set (orth in the plainti((Es pleadin/ has -een paid$ wai'ed$ a-andoned$ or otherwise e5tin/uished; *i+ That the clai, on which the action is (ounded is en(orcea-le under the pro'isions o( the statute o( (rauds; and *j+ That a condition precedent (or (ilin/ the clai, has not -een co,plied with2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 8earing of motion2 3 At the hearin/ o( the ,otion$ the parties shall su-,it their ar/u,ents on the ?uestions o( law and their e'idence on the ?uestions o( (act in'ol'ed e5cept those not a'aila-le at that ti,e2 Should the case /o to trial$ the e'idence presented durin/ the hearin/ shall auto,aticall. -e part o( the e'idence o( the part. presentin/ the sa,e2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Resolution of Motion2 3 A(ter the hearin/$ the court ,a. dis,iss the action or clai,$ den. the ,otion$ or order the a,end,ent o( the pleadin/2 The court shall not de(er the resolution o( the ,otion (or the reason that the /round relied upon is not indu-ita-le2 !n e'er. case$ the resolution shall state clearl. and distinctl. the reasons there(or2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' #ime to plead2 3 !( the ,otion is denied$ the ,o'ant shall (ile his answer within the -alance o( the period prescri-ed -. Rule 11 to which he was entitled at the ti,e o( ser'in/ his ,otion$ -ut not less than (i'e *)+ da.s in an. e'ent$ co,puted (ro, his receipt o( the notice o( the denial2 !( the pleadin/ is ordered to -e a,ended$ he shall (ile his answer within the period prescri-ed -. Rule 11 counted (ro, ser'ice o( the a,ended pleadin/$ unless the court pro'ides a lon/er period2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' 0ffe&t of dismissal2 3 Su-ject to the ri/ht o( appeal$ an order /rantin/ a ,otion to dis,iss -ased on para/raphs *(+$ *h+ and *i+ o( section 1 hereo( shall -ar the re(ilin/ o( the sa,e action or clai,2 *n+

Se%&#!n ,' Pleading grounds as affirmati(e defenses2 3 !( no ,otion to dis,iss has -een (iled$ an. o( the /rounds (or dis,issal pro'ided (or in this Rule ,a. -e pleaded as an a((ir,ati'e de(ense in the answer and$ in the discretion o( the court$ a preli,inar. hearin/ ,a. -e had thereon as i( a ,otion to dis,iss had -een (iled2 *)a+ The dis,issal o( the co,plaint under this section shall -e without prejudice to the prosecution in the sa,e or separate action o( a counterclai, pleaded in the answer2 *n+

RULE 17 D#$3#$$a !0 A%&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' 1ismissal upon noti&e 'y plaintiff. 3 A co,plaint ,a. -e dis,issed -. the plainti(( -. (ilin/ a notice o( dis,issal at an. ti,e -e(ore ser'ice o( the answer or o( a ,otion (or su,,ar. jud/,ent2 Upon such notice -ein/ (iled$ the court shall issue an order con(ir,in/ the dis,issal2 Unless otherwise stated in the notice$ the dis,issal is without prejudice$ e5cept that a notice operates as an adjudication upon the ,erits when (iled -. a plainti(( who has once dis,issed in a co,petent court an action -ased on or includin/ the sa,e clai,2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 1ismissal upon motion of plaintiff. 3 E5cept as pro'ided in the precedin/ section$ a co,plaint shall not -e dis,issed at the plainti((Es instance sa'e upon appro'al o( the court and upon such ter,s and conditions as the court dee,s proper2 !( a counterclai, has -een pleaded -. a de(endant prior to the ser'ice upon hi, o( the plainti((s ,otion (or dis,issal$ the dis,issal shall -e li,ited to the co,plaint2 The dis,issal shall -e without prejudice to the ri/ht o( the de(endant to prosecute his counterclai, in a separate action unless within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the ,otion he ,ani(ests his pre(erence to ha'e his counterclai, resol'ed in the sa,e action2 Unless otherwise speci(ied in the order$ a dis,issal under this para/raph shall -e without prejudice2 A class suit shall not -e dis,issed or co,pro,ised without the appro'al o( the court2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' 1ismissal due to fault of plaintiff. 3 !($ (or no justi(ia-le cause$ the plainti(( (ails to appear on the date o( the presentation o( his e'idence in chie( on the co,plaint$ or to prosecute his action (or an unreasona-le len/th o( ti,e$ or to co,pl. with these Rules or an. order o( the court$ the co,plaint ,a. -e dis,issed upon ,otion o( the de(endant or upon the courtEs own ,otion$ without prejudice to the ri/ht o( the de(endant to prosecute his counterclai, in the sa,e or in a separate action2 This dis,issal shall ha'e the e((ect o( an adjudication upon the ,erits$ unless otherwise declared -. the court2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 1ismissal of &ounter&laim$ &ross-&laim$ or third-party &omplaint2 3 The pro'isions o( this Rule shall appl. to the dis,issal o( an. counterclai,$ cross-clai,$ or third-part. co,plaint2 A 'oluntar. dis,issal -. the clai,ant -. notice as in section 1 o( this Rule$ shall -e ,ade -e(ore a responsi'e pleadin/ or a ,otion (or su,,ar. jud/,ent is ser'ed or$ i( there is none$ -e(ore the introduction o( e'idence at the trial or hearin/2 *8a+

RULE 11 Pre-Tr#a Se%&#!n 1' ,hen &ondu&ted2 3 A(ter the last pleadin/ has -een ser'ed and (iled$ i( shall -e the dut. o( the plainti(( to pro,ptl. ,o'e e2 parte that the case -e set (or pre-trial *)a$ R6A+ Se%&#!n (' Nature and purpose2 3 The pre-trial is ,andator.2 The court shall consider1 *a+ The possi-ilit. o( an a,ica-le settle,ent or o( a su-,ission to alternati'e ,odes o( dispute resolution; *-+ The si,pli(ication o( the issues; *c+ The necessit. or desira-ilit. o( a,end,ents to the pleadin/s;

*d+ The possi-ilit. o( o-tainin/ stipulations or ad,issions o( (acts and o( docu,ents to a'oid unnecessar. proo(; *e+ The li,itation o( the nu,-er o( witnesses; *(+ The ad'isa-ilit. o( a preli,inar. re(erence o( issues to a co,,issioner; */+ The propriet. o( renderin/ jud/,ent on the pleadin/s$ or su,,ar. jud/,ent$ or o( dis,issin/ the action should a 'alid /round there(or -e (ound to e5ist; *h+ The ad'isa-ilit. or necessit. o( suspendin/ the proceedin/s; and *i+ Such other ,atters as ,a. aid in the pro,pt disposition o( the action2 *1a$ R6A+ Se%&#!n )' Noti&e of pre-trial2 3 The notice o( pre-trial shall -e ser'ed on counsel$ or on the part. who has no counsel2 The counsel ser'ed with such notice is char/ed with the dut. o( noti(.in/ the part. represented -. hi,2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Appearan&e of parties2 3 !t shall -e the dut. o( the parties and their counsel to appear at the pre-trial2 The non-appearance o( a part. ,a. -e e5cused onl. i( a 'alid cause is shown there(or or i( a representati'e shall appear in his -ehal( (ull. authori7ed in writin/ to enter into an a,ica-le settle,ent$ to su-,it to alternati'e ,odes o( dispute resolution$ and to enter into stipulations or ad,issions o( (acts and o( docu,ents2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' 0ffe&t of failure to appear2 3 The (ailure o( the plainti(( to appear when so re?uired pursuant to the ne5t precedin/ section shall -e cause (or dis,issal o( the action2 The dis,issal shall -e with prejudice$ unless other-wise ordered -. the court2 A si,ilar (ailure on the part o( the de(endant shall -e cause to allow the plainti(( to present his e'idence e2 parte and the court to render jud/,ent on the -asis thereo(2 *6a$ R6A+ Se%&#!n ,' Pre-trial 'rief. 3 The parties shall (ile with the court and ser'e on the ad'erse part.$ in such ,anner as shall ensure their receipt thereo( at least three *9+ da.s -e(ore the date o( the pre-trial$ their respecti'e pre-trial -rie(s which shall contain$ a,on/ others1 *a+ A state,ent o( their willin/ness to enter into a,ica-le settle,ent or alternati'e ,odes o( dispute resolution$ indicatin/ the desired ter,s thereo(; *-+ A su,,ar. o( ad,itted (acts and proposed stipulation o( (acts; *c+ The issues to -e tried or resol'ed; *d+ The docu,ents or e5hi-its to -e presented statin/ the purpose thereo(; *e+ A ,ani(estation o( their ha'in/ a'ailed or their intention to a'ail the,sel'es o( disco'er. procedures or re(erral to co,,issioners; and *(+ The nu,-er and na,es o( the witnesses$ and the su-stance o( their respecti'e testi,onies2 Failure to (ile the pre-trial -rie( shall ha'e the sa,e e((ect as (ailure to appear at the pre-trial2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Re&ord of pre-trial2 3 The proceedin/s in the pre-trial shall -e recorded2 Upon the ter,ination thereo($ the court shall issue an order which shall recite in detail the ,atters ta4en up in the con(erence$ the action ta4en thereon$ the a,end,ents allowed to the pleadin/s$ and the a/ree,ents or ad,issions ,ade -. the parties as to an. o( the ,atters considered2 Should the action proceed to trial$ the order shall$ e5plicitl. de(ine and li,it the issues to -e tried2 The contents o( the order shall control the su-se?uent course o( the action$ unless ,odi(ied -e(ore trial to pre'ent ,ani(est injustice2 *)a$ R6A+

RULE 19 In&er"en&#!n Se%&#!n 1' ,ho may inter(ene2 3 A person who has a le/al interest in the ,atter in liti/ation$ or in the success o( either o( the parties$ or an interest a/ainst -oth$ or is so situated as to -e ad'ersel. a((ected -. a distri-ution or other disposition o( propert. in the custod. o( the court or o( an o((icer thereo( ,a.$ with lea'e o( court$ -e allowed to inter'ene in the action2 The court shall consider whether or not the inter'ention will undul. dela. or prejudice the adjudication o( the ri/hts o( the ori/inal parties$ and whether or not the inter'enorEs ri/hts ,a. -e (ull. protected in a separate proceedin/2 *6CaD$ C-Da$ R16+ Se%&#!n (' #ime to inter(ene2 3 The ,otion to inter'ene ,a. -e (iled at an. ti,e -e(ore rendition o( jud/,ent -. the trial court2 A cop. o( the pleadin/-in-inter'ention shall -e attached to the ,otion and ser'ed on the ori/inal parties2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Pleadings-in-inter(ention2 3 The inter'enor shall (ile a co,plaint-in-inter'ention i( he asserts a clai, a/ainst either or all o( the ori/inal parties$ or an answer-in-inter'ention i( he unites with the de(endin/ part. in resistin/ a clai, a/ainst the latter2 *6CcDa$ R16+ Se%&#!n *' Ans%er to &omplaint-in-inter(ention2 3 The answer to the co,plaint-in-inter'ention shall -e (iled within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order ad,ittin/ the sa,e$ unless a di((erent period is (i5ed -. the court2 *6CdDa$ R16+

RULE (2 Ca en-ar !0 Ca$e$ Se%&#!n 1' Calendar of &ases2 3 The cler4 o( court$ under the direct super'ision o( the jud/e$ shall 4eep a calendar o( cases (or pre-trial$ (or trial$ those whose trials were adjourned or postponed$ and those with ,otions to set (or hearin/2 Pre(erence shall -e /i'en to ha'eas &orpus cases$ election cases$ special ci'il actions$ and those so re?uired -. law2 *1a$ R66+ Se%&#!n (' Assignment of &ases2 3 The assi/n,ent o( cases to the di((erent -ranches o( a court shall -e done e5clusi'el. -. ra((le2 The assi/n,ent shall -e done in open session o( which ade?uate notice shall -e /i'en so as to a((ord interested parties the opportunit. to -e present2 *7a$ R66+

RULE (1 S/;7!ena Se%&#!n 1' Su'poena and su'poena du&es te&um2 3 Su-poena is a process directed to a person re?uirin/ hi, to attend and to testi(. at the hearin/ or the trial o( an action$ or at an. in'esti/ation conducted -. co,petent authorit.$ or (or the ta4in/ o( his deposition2 !t ,a. also re?uire hi, to -rin/ with hi, an. -oo4s$ docu,ents$ or other thin/s under his control$ in which case it is called a su-poena du&es te&um2 *1a$ R69+ Se%&#!n (' By %hom issued2 3 The su-poena ,a. -e issued -. 3 *a+ the court -e(ore who, the witness is re?uired to attend; *-+ the court o( the place where the deposition is to -e ta4en;

*c+ the o((icer or -od. authori7ed -. law to do so in connection with in'esti/ations conducted -. said o((icer or -od.; or *d+ an. Fustice o( the Supre,e ourt or o( the ourt o( Appeals in an. case or in'esti/ation pendin/ within the Philippines2 <hen application (or a su-poena to a prisoner is ,ade$ the jud/e or o((icer shall e5a,ine and stud. care(ull. such application to deter,ine whether the sa,e is ,ade (or a 'alid purpose2 &o prisoner sentenced to death$ re&lusion perpetua or li(e i,prison,ent and who is con(ined in an. penal institution shall -e -rou/ht outside the said penal institution (or appearance or attendance in an. court unless authori7ed -. the Supre,e ourt *6a$ R69+ Se%&#!n )' 9orm and &ontents2 3 A su-poena shall state the na,e o( the court and the title o( the action or in'esti/ation$ shall -e directed to the person whose attendance is re?uired$ and in the case o( a su-poena du&es te&um$ it shall also contain a reasona-le description o( the -oo4s$ docu,ents or thin/s de,anded which ,ust appear to the court prima fa&ie rele'ant2 *9a$ R69+ Se%&#!n *' =uashing a su'poena2 3 The court ,a. ?uash a su-poena du&es te&um upon ,otion pro,ptl. ,ade and$ in an. e'ent$ at or -e(ore the ti,e speci(ied therein i( it is unreasona-le and oppressi'e$ or the rele'anc. o( the -oo4s$ docu,ents or thin/s does not appear$ or i( the person in whose -ehal( the su-poena is issued (ails to ad'ance the reasona-le cost o( the production thereo(2 The court ,a. ?uash a su-poena ad testifi&andum on the /round that the witness is not -ound there-.2 !n either case$ the su-poena ,a. -e ?uashed on the /round that the witness (ees and 4ilo,etra/e allowed -. these Rules were not tendered when the su-poena was ser'ed2 *8a$ R69+ Se%&#!n +' Su'poena for depositions2 3 Proo( o( ser'ice o( a notice to ta4e a deposition$ as pro'ided in sections 1) and 6) o( Rule 69$ shall constitute su((icient authori7ation (or the issuance o( su-poenas (or the persons na,ed in said notice -. the cler4 o( the court o( the place in which the deposition is to -e ta4en2 The cler4 shall not$ howe'er$ issue a su-poena du&es te&um to an. such person without an order o( the court2 *)a$ R69+ Se%&#!n ,' Ser(i&e2 3 Ser'ice o( a su-poena shall -e ,ade in the sa,e ,anner as personal or su-stituted ser'ice o( su,,ons2 The ori/inal shall -e e5hi-ited and a cop. thereo( deli'ered to the person on who, it is ser'ed$ tenderin/ to hi, the (ees (or one da.Es attendance and the 4ilo,etra/e allowed -. these Rules$ e5cept that$ when a su-poena is issued -. or on -ehal( o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines or an o((icer or a/enc. thereo($ the tender need not -e ,ade2 The ser'ice ,ust -e ,ade so as to allow the witness a reasona-le ti,e (or preparation and tra'el to the place o( attendance2 !( the su-poena is du&es te&um, the reasona-le cost o( producin/ the -oo4s$ docu,ents or thin/s de,anded shall also -e tendered2 *:a$ R69+ Se%&#!n 7' Personal appearan&e in &ourt2 3 A person present in court -e(ore a judicial o((icer ,a. -e re?uired to testi(. as i( he were in attendance upon a su-poena is sued -. such court or o((icer2 *1A$ R69+ Se%&#!n 1' Compelling attendan&e2 3 !n case o( (ailure o( a witness to attend$ the court or jud/e issuin/ the su-poena$ upon proo( o( the ser'ice thereo( and o( the (ailure o( the witness$ ,a. issue a warrant to the sheri(( o( the pro'ince$ or his deput.$ to arrest the witness and -rin/ hi, -e(ore the court or o((icer where his attendance is re?uired$ and the cost o( such warrant and sei7ure o( such witness shall -e paid -. the witness i( the court issuin/ it shall deter,ine that his (ailure to answer the su-poena was will(ul and without just e5cuse2 *11$ R69+ Se%&#!n 9' Contempt2 3 Failure -. an. person without ade?uate cause to o-e. a su-poena ser'ed upon hi, shall -e dee,ed a conte,pt o( the court (ro, which the su-poena is issued2 !( the su-poena was not issued -. a court$ the diso-edience thereto shall -e punished in accordance with the applica-le law or Rule2 *16a R69+ Se%&#!n 12' 02&eptions2 3 The pro'isions o( sections @ and 9 o( this Rule shall not appl. to a witness who resides ,ore than one hundred *1AA+ 4ilo,eters (ro, his residence to the place where he is to testi(. -. the ordinar. course o( tra'el$ or to a detention prisoner i( no per,ission o( the court in which his case is pendin/ was o-tained2 *9a$ R69+

RULE (( C!37/&a&#!n !0 T#3e Se%&#!n 1' 8o% to &ompute time2 3 !n co,putin/ an. period o( ti,e prescri-ed or allowed -. these Rules$ or -. order o( the court$ or -. an. applica-le statute$ the da. o( the act or e'ent (ro, which the desi/nated period o( ti,e -e/ins to run is to -e e5cluded and the date o( per(or,ance included2 !( the last da. o( the period$ as thus co,puted$ (alls on a Saturda. a Sunda.$ or a le/al holida. in the place where the court sits$ the ti,e shall not run until the ne5t wor4in/ da.2 *a+ Se%&#!n (' 0ffe&t of interruption2 3 Should an act -e done which e((ecti'el. interrupts the runnin/ o( the period$ the allowa-le period a(ter such interruption shall start to run on the da. a(ter notice o( the cessation o( the cause thereo(2 The da. o( the act that caused the interruption shall -e e5cluded in the co,putation o( the period2 *n+

RULE () De7!$#&#!n$ Pen-#n4 A%&#!n Se%&#!n 1' 1epositions pending a&tion$ %hen may 'e ta/en2 3 0. lea'e o( court a(ter jurisdiction has -een o-tained o'er an. de(endant or o'er propert. which is the su-ject o( the action$ or without such lea'e a(ter an answer has -een ser'ed$ the testi,on. o( an. person$ whether a part. or not$ ,a. -e ta4en$ at the instance o( an. part.$ -. deposition upon oral e5a,ination or written interro/atories2 The attendance o( witnesses ,a. -e co,pelled -. the use o( a su-poena as pro'ided in Rule 612 #epositions shall -e ta4en onl. in accordance with these Rules2 The deposition o( a person con(ined in prison ,a. -e ta4en onl. -. lea'e o( court on such ter,s as the court prescri-es2 *1a$ R68+ Se%&#!n (' S&ope of e2amination2 3 Unless otherwise ordered -. the court as pro'ided -. section 1: or 1@ o( this Rule$ the deponent ,a. -e e5a,ined re/ardin/ an. ,atter$ not pri'ile/ed$ which is rele'ant to the su-ject o( the pendin/ action$ whether relatin/ to the clai, or de(ense o( an. other part.$ includin/ the e5istence$ description$ nature$ custod.$ condition$ and location o( an. -oo4s$ docu,ents$ or other tan/i-le thin/s and the identit. and location o( persons ha'in/ 4nowled/e o( rele'ant (acts2 *6$ R68+ Se%&#!n )' 02amination and &ross-e2amination2 3 E5a,ination and cross-e5a,ination o( deponents ,a. proceed as per,itted at the trial under sections 9 to 1@ o( Rule 1962 *9a$ R68+ Se%&#!n *' .se of depositions2 3 At the trial or upon the hearin/ o( a ,otion or an interlocutor. proceedin/$ an. part or all o( a deposition$ so (ar as ad,issi-le under the rules o( e'idence$ ,a. -e used a/ainst an. part. who was present or represented at the ta4in/ o( the deposition or who had due notice thereo($ in accordance with an. one o( the (ollowin/ pro'isions; *a+ An. deposition ,a. -e used -. an. part. (or the purpose o( contradictin/ or i,peachin/ the testi,on. o( deponent as a witness; *-+ The deposition o( a part. or o( an. one who at the ti,e o( ta4in/ the deposition was an o((icer$ director$ or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a pu-lic or pri'ate corporation$ partnership$ or association which is a part. ,a. -e used -. an ad'erse part. (or an. purpose; *c+ The deposition o( a witness$ whether or not a part.$ ,a. -e used -. an. part. (or an. purpose i( the court (inds1 *1+ that the witness is dead$ or *6+ that the witness resides at a distance ,ore than one hundred *1AA+ 4ilo,eters (ro, the place o( trial or hearin/$ or is out o( the Philippines$ unless it appears that his a-sence was procured -. the part. o((erin/ the deposition$ or *9+ that the witness is una-le to attend or

testi(. -ecause o( a/e$ sic4ness$ in(ir,it.$ or i,prison,ent$ or *8+ that the part. o((erin/ the deposition has -een una-le to procure the attendance o( the witness -. su-poena; or *)+ upon application and notice$ that such e5ceptional circu,stances e5ist as to ,a4e it desira-le$ in the interest o( justice and with due re/ard to the i,portance o( presentin/ the testi,on. o( witnesses orall. in open court$ to allow the deposition to -e used; and *d+ !( onl. part o( a deposition is o((ered in e'idence -. a part.$ the ad'erse part. ,a. re?uire hi, to introduce all o( it which is rele'ant to the part introduced$ and an. part. ,a. introduce an. other parts2 *8a$ R68+ Se%&#!n +' 0ffe&t of su'stitution of parties2 3 Su-stitution o( parties does not a((ect the ri/ht to use depositions pre'iousl. ta4en; and$ when an action has -een dis,issed and another action in'ol'in/ the sa,e su-ject is a(terward -rou/ht -etween the sa,e parties or their representati'es or successors in interest$ all depositions law(ull. ta4en and dul. (iled in the (or,er action ,a. -e used in the latter as i( ori/inall. ta4en there(or2 *)$ R68+ Se%&#!n ,' )'+e&tions to admissi'ility2 3 Su-ject to the pro'isions o( section 69 o( this Rule$ o-jection ,a. -e ,ade at the trial or hearin/$ to recei'in/ in e'idence an. deposition or part thereo( (or an. reason which would re?uire the e5clusion o( the e'idence i( the witness were then present and testi(.in/ *:$ R68+ Se%&#!n 7' 0ffe&t of ta/ing depositions2 3 A part. shall not -e dee,ed to ,a4e a person his own witness (or an. purpose -. ta4in/ his deposition2 *7$ R68+ Se%&#!n 1' 0ffe&t of using depositions2 3 The introduction in e'idence o( the deposition or an. part thereo( (or an. purpose other than that o( contradictin/ or i,peachin/ the deponent ,a4es the deponent the witness o( the part. introducin/ the deposition$ -ut this shall not appl. to the use -. an ad'erse part. o( a deposition as descri-ed in para/raph *-+ o( section 8 o( this Rule2 *@$ R68+ Se%&#!n 9' Re'utting deposition2 3 At the trial or hearin/ an. part. ,a. re-ut an. rele'ant e'idence contained in a deposition whether introduced -. hi, or -. an. other part.2 *9$ R68+ Se%&#!n 12' Persons 'efore %hom depositions may 'e ta/en %ithin the Philippines2 3 <ithin the Philippines depositions ,a. -e ta4en -e(ore an. jud/e$ notar. pu-lic$ or the person re(erred to in section 18 hereo(2 *1Aa$ R68+ Se%&#!n 11' Persons 'efore %hom depositions may 'e ta/en in foreign &ountries2 3 !n a (orei/n state or countr.$ depositions ,a. -e ta4en *a+ on notice -e(ore a secretar. o( e,-ass. or le/ation$ consul /eneral$ consul$ 'iceconsul$ or consular a/ent o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ *-+ -e(ore such person or o((icer as ,a. -e appointed -. co,,ission or under letters ro/ator.; or *c+ the person re(erred to in section 18 hereo(2 *11a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 1(' Commission or letters rogatory2 3 A co,,ission or letters ro/ator. shall -e issued onl. when necessar. or con'enient$ on application and notice$ and on such ter,s$ and with such direction as are just and appropriate2 O((icers ,a. -e desi/nated in notices or co,,issions either -. na,e or descripti'e title and letters ro/ator. ,a. -e addressed to the appropriate judicial authorit. in the (orei/n countr.2 *16a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 1)' 1is;ualifi&ation 'y interest2 3 &o deposition shall -e ta4en -e(ore a person who is a relati'e within the si5th de/ree o( consan/uinit. or a((init.$ or e,plo.ee or counsel o( an. o( the parties$ or who is a relati'e within the sa,e de/ree$ or e,plo.ee o( such counsel; or who is (inanciall. interested in the action2 *19a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 1*' Stipulations regarding ta/ing of depositions2 3 !( the parties so stipulate in writin/$ depositions ,a. -e ta4en -e(ore an. person authori7ed to ad,inister oaths$ at an. ti,e or place$ in accordance with these Rules and when so ta4en ,a. -e used li4e other depositions2 *18a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 1+' 1eposition upon oral e2amination; noti&e; time and pla&e2 3 A part. desirin/ to ta4e the deposition o( an. person upon oral e5a,ination shall /i'e reasona-le notice in writin/$ to e'er. other part. to the action2 The notice shall state the ti,e and place (or ta4in/ the deposition and the na,e and address o( each person to -e e5a,ined$ i( 4nown$ and i( the na,e is not 4nown$ a /eneral description su((icient to identi(. hi, or the particular class or /roup to which he -elon/s2 On ,otion o( an. part. upon who, the notice is ser'ed$ the court ,a. (or cause shown enlar/e or shorten the ti,e2 *1)$ R68+

Se%&#!n 1,' )rders for the prote&tion of parties and deponents2 3 A(ter notice is ser'ed (or ta4in/ a deposition -. oral e5a,ination$ upon ,otion seasona-l. ,ade -. an. part. or -. the person to -e e5a,ined and (or /ood cause shown$ the court in which the action is pendin/ ,a. ,a4e an order that the deposition shall not -e ta4en$ or that it ,a. -e ta4en onl. at so,e desi/nated place other than that stated in the notice$ or that it ,a. -e ta4en onl. on written interro/atories$ or that certain ,atters shall not -e in?uired into$ or that the scope o( the e5a,ination shall -e held with no one present e5cept the parties to the action and their o((icers or counsel$ or that a(ter -ein/ sealed the deposition shall -e opened onl. -. order o( the court$ or that secret processes$ de'elop,ents$ or research need not -e disclosed$ or that the parties shall si,ultaneousl. (ile speci(ied docu,ents or in(or,ation enclosed in sealed en'elopes to -e opened as directed -. the court or the court ,a. ,a4e an. other order which justice re?uires to protect the part. or witness (ro, anno.ance$ e,-arrass,ent$ or oppression2 *1:a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 17' Re&ord of e2amination$ oath; o'+e&tions2 3 The o((icer -e(ore who, the deposition is to -e ta4en shall put the witness on oath and shall personall.$ or -. so,e one actin/ under his direction and in his presence$ record the testi,on. o( the witness2 The testi,on. shall -e ta4en steno/raphicall. unless the parties a/ree otherwise2 All o-jections ,ade at the ti,e o( the e5a,ination to the ?uali(ications o( the o((icer ta4in/ the deposition$ or to the ,anner o( tal4in/ it$ or to the e'idence presented$ or to the conduct o( an. part.$ and an. other o-jection to the proceedin/s$ shall -e noted -. the o((icer upon the deposition2 E'idence o-jected to shall -e ta4en su-ject to the o-jections2 !n lieu o( participatin/ in the oral e5a,ination$ parties ser'ed with notice o( ta4in/ a deposition ,a. trans,it written interro/atories to the o((icers$ who shall propound the, to the witness and record the answers (er'atim2 *17$ R68+ Se%&#!n 11' Motion to terminate or limit e2amination2 3 At an. ti,e durin/ the ta4in/ o( the deposition$ on ,otion or petition o( an. part. or o( the deponent$ and upon a showin/ that the e5a,ination is -ein/ conducted in -ad (aith or in such ,anner as unreasona-l. to anno.$ e,-arrass$ or oppress the deponent or part.$ the court in which the action is pendin/ or the Re/ional Trial ourt o( the place where the deposition is -ein/ ta4en ,a. order the o((icer conductin/ the e5a,ination to cease (orthwith (ro, ta4in/ the deposition$ or ,a. li,it the scope and ,anner o( the ta4in/ o( the deposition$ as pro'ided in section 1: o( this Rule2 !( the order ,ade ter,inates the e5a,ination$ it shall -e resu,ed therea(ter onl. upon the order o( the court in which the action is pendin/2 Upon de,and o( the o-jectin/ part. or deponent$ the ta4in/ o( the deposition shall -e suspended (or the ti,e necessar. to ,a4e a notice (or an order2 !n /rantin/ or re(usin/ such order$ the court ,a. i,pose upon either part. or upon the witness the re?uire,ent to pa. such costs or e5penses as the court ,a. dee, reasona-le2 *1@a$ R68+ Se%&#!n 19' Su'mission to %itness; &hanges; signing2 3 <hen the testi,on. is (ull. transcri-ed$ the deposition shall -e su-,itted to the witness (or e5a,ination and shall -e read to or -. hi,$ unless such e5a,ination and readin/ are wai'ed -. the witness and -. the parties2 An. chan/es in (or, or su-stance which the witness desires to ,a4e shall -e entered upon the deposition -. the o((icer with a state,ent o( the reasons /i'en -. the witness (or ,a4in/ the,2 The deposition shall then -e si/ned -. the witness$ unless the parties -. stipulation wai'e the si/nin/ or the witness is ill or cannot -e (ound or re(uses to si/n2 !( the deposition is not si/ned -. the witness$ the o((icer shall si/n it and state on the record the (act o( the wai'er or o( the illness or a-sence o( the witness or the (act o( the re(usal to si/n to/ether with the reason -e /i'en there(or$ i( an.$ and the deposition ,a. then -e used as (ull. as thou/h si/ned$ unless on a ,otion to suppress under section 69 *(+ o( this Rule$ the court holds that the reasons /i'en (or the re(usal to si/n re?uire rejection o( the deposition in whole or in part2 *19a$ R68+ Se%&#!n (2' Certifi&ation$ and filing 'y offi&er2 3 The o((icer shall certi(. on the deposition that the witness was dul. sworn to -. hi, and that the deposition is a true record o( the testi,on. /i'en -. the witness2 >e shall then securel. seal the deposition in an en'elope indorsed with the title o( the action and ,ar4ed =#eposition o( *here insert the na,e o( witness+= and shall pro,ptl. (ile it with the court in which the action is pendin/ or send it -. re/istered ,ail to the cler4 thereo( (or (ilin/2 *6A$ R68+ Se%&#!n (1' Noti&e of filing2 3 The o((icer ta4in/ the deposition shall /i'e pro,pt notice o( its (ilin/ to all the parties2 *61$ R68+ Se%&#!n ((' 9urnishing &opies2 3 Upon pa.,ent o( reasona-le char/es there(or$ the o((icer shall (urnish a cop. o( the deposition to an. part. or to the deponent2 *66$ R68+ Se%&#!n ()' 9ailure to attend of party gi(ing noti&e2 3 !( the part. /i'in/ the notice o( the ta4in/ o( a deposition (ails to attend and proceed therewith and another attends in person or -. counsel pursuant to the notice$ the court ,a. order the part. /i'in/ the notice to pa. such other part. the a,ount o( the reasona-le e5penses incurred -. hi, and his counsel in so attendin/$ includin/ reasona-le attorne.Es (ees2 *69a$ R68+

Se%&#!n (*' 9ailure of party gi(ing noti&e to ser(e su'poena2 3 !( the part. /i'in/ the notice o( the ta4in/ o( a deposition o( a witness (ails to ser'e a su-poena upon hi, and the witness -ecause o( such (ailure does not attend$ and i( another part. attends in person or -. counsel -ecause he e5pects the deposition o( that witness to -e ta4en$ the court ,a. order the part. /i'in/ the notice to pa. to such other part. the a,ount o( the reasona-le e5penses incurred -. hi, and his counsel in so attendin/$ includin/ reasona-le attorne.Es (ees2 *68a$ R68+ Se%&#!n (+' 1eposition upon %ritten interrogatories; ser(i&e of noti&e and of interrogatories2 3 A part. desirin/ to ta4e the deposition o( an. person upon written interro/atories shall ser'e the, upon e'er. other part. with a notice statin/ the na,e and address o( the person who is to answer the, and the na,e or descripti'e title and address o( the o((icer -e(ore who, the deposition is to -e ta4en2 <ithin ten *1A+ da.s therea(ter$ a part. so ser'ed ,a. ser'e cross-interro/atories upon the part. proposin/ to ta4e the deposition2 <ithin (i'e *)+ da.s therea(ter$ the latter ,a. ser'e re-direct interro/atories upon a part. who has ser'ed cross-interro/atories2 <ithin three *9+ da.s a(ter -ein/ ser'ed with re-direct interro/atories$ a part. ,a. ser'e recross-interro/atories upon the part. proposin/ to ta4e the deposition2 *6)$ R68+ Se%&#!n (,' )ffi&ers to ta/e responses and prepare re&ord2 3 A cop. o( the notice and copies o( all interro/atories ser'ed shall -e deli'ered -. the part. ta4in/ the deposition to the o((icer desi/nated in the notice$ who shall proceed pro,ptl.$ in the ,anner pro'ided -. sections 17$ 19 and 6A o( this Rule$ to ta4e the testi,on. o( the witness in response to the interro/atories and to prepare$ certi(.$ and (ile or ,ail the deposition$ attachin/ thereto the cop. o( the notice and the interro/atories recei'ed -. hi,2 *6:$ R68+ Se%&#!n (7' Noti&e of filing and furnishing &opies2 3 <hen a deposition upon interro/atories is (iled$ the o((icer ta4in/ it shall pro,ptl. /i'e notice thereo( to all the parties$ and ,a. (urnish copies to the, or to the deponent upon pa.,ent o( reasona-le char/es there(or2 *67$ R68+ Se%&#!n (1' )rder for the prote&tion of parties and deponents2 3 A(ter the ser'ice o( the interro/atories and prior to the ta4in/ o( the testi,on. o( the deponent$ the court in which the action is pendin/$ on ,otion pro,ptl. ,ade -. a part. or a deponent$ and (or /ood cause shown$ ,a. ,a4e an. order speci(ied in sections 1)$ 1: and 1@ o( this Rule which is appropriate and just or an order that the deposition shall not -e ta4en -e(ore the o((icer desi/nated in the notice or that it shall not -e ta4en e5cept upon oral e5a,ination2 *6@a$ R68+ Se%&#!n (9' 0ffe&t of errors and irregularities in depositions2 3 *a+ As to noti&e2 3 All errors and irre/ularities in the notice (or ta4in/ a deposition are wai'ed unless written o-jection is pro,ptl. ser'ed upon the part. /i'in/ the notice2 *-+ As to dis;ualifi&ation of offi&er2 3 O-jection to ta4in/ a deposition -ecause o( dis?uali(ication o( the o((icer -e(ore who, it is to -e ta4en is wai'ed unless ,ade -e(ore the ta4in/ o( the deposition -e/ins or as soon therea(ter as the dis?uali(ication -eco,es 4nown or could -e disco'ered with reasona-le dili/ence2 *c+ As to &ompeten&y or rele(an&y of e(iden&e2 3 O-jections to the co,petenc. o( witness or the co,petenc.$ rele'anc.$ or ,aterialit. o( testi,on. are not wai'ed -. (ailure to ,a4e the, -e(ore or durin/ the ta4in/ o( the deposition$ unless the /round$ o( the o-jection is one which ,i/ht ha'e -een o-'iated or re,o'ed i( presented at that ti,e2 *d+ As to oral e2amination and other parti&ulars2 3 Errors and irre/ularities occurrin/ at the oral e5a,ination in the ,anner o( ta4in/ the deposition in the (or, o( the ?uestions or answers$ in the oath or a((ir,ation$ or in the conduct o( the parties and errors o( an. 4ind which ,i/ht -e o-'iated$ re,o'ed$ or cured i( pro,ptl. prosecuted$ are wai'ed unless reasona-le o-jection thereto is ,ade at the ta4in/ o( the deposition2 *e+ As to form of %ritten interrogatories2 3 O-jections to the (or, o( written interro/atories su-,itted under sections 6) and 6: o( this Rule are wai'ed unless ser'ed in writin/ upon the part. propoundin/ the, within the ti,e allowed (or ser'in/ succeedin/ cross or other interro/atories and within three *9+ da.s a(ter ser'ice o( the last interro/atories authori7ed2 *(+ As to manner of preparation2 3 Errors and irre/ularities in the ,anner in which the testi,on. is transcri-ed or the deposition is prepared$ si/ned$ certi(ied$ sealed$ indorsed$ trans,itted$ (iled$ or otherwise dealt with -. the o((icer under sections 17$ 19$ 6A and 6: o( this Rule are wai'ed unless a ,otion to

suppress the deposition or so,e part thereo( is ,ade with reasona-le pro,ptness a(ter such de(ect is$ or with due dili/ence ,i/ht ha'e -een$ ascertained2 *69a$ R68+

RULE (* De7!$#&#!n$ :e0!re A%&#!n !r Pen-#n4 A77ea Se%&#!n 1' 1epositions 'efore a&tion; petition2 3 A person who desires to perpetuate his own testi,on. or that o( another person re/ardin/ an. ,atter that ,a. -e co/ni7a-le in an. court o( the Philippines ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition in the court o( the place o( the residence o( an. e5pected ad'erse part.2 *1a R198+ Se%&#!n (' Contents of petition2 3 The petition shall -e entitled in the na,e o( the petitioner and shall show1 *a+ that the petitioner e5pects to -e a part. to an action in a court o( the Philippines -ut is presentl. una-le to -rin/ it or cause it to -e -rou/ht; *-+ the su-ject ,atter o( the e5pected action and his interest therein; *c+ the (acts which he desires to esta-lish -. the proposed testi,on. and his reasons (or desirin/ to perpetuate it; *d+ the na,es or a description o( the persons he e5pects will -e ad'erse parties and their addresses so (ar as 4nown; and *e+ the na,es and addresses o( the persons to -e e5a,ined and the su-stance o( the testi,on. which he e5pects to elicit (ro, each$ and shall as4 (or an order authori7in/ the petitioner to ta4e the depositions o( the persons to -e e5a,ined na,ed in the petition (or the purpose o( perpetuatin/ their testi,on.2 *6$ R198+ Se%&#!n )' Noti&e and ser(i&e2 3 The petitioner shall ser'e a notice upon each person na,ed in the petition as an e5pected ad'erse part.$ to/ether with a cop. o( the petition$ statin/ that the petitioner will appl. to the court$ at a ti,e and place na,ed therein$ (or the order descri-ed in the petition2 At least twent. *6A+ da.s -e(ore the date o( the hearin/$ the court shall cause notice thereo( to -e ser'ed on the parties and prospecti'e deponents in the ,anner pro'ided (or ser'ice o( su,,ons2 *9a$ R198+ Se%&#!n *' )rder and e2amination2 3 !( the court is satis(ied that the perpetuation o( the testi,on. ,a. pre'ent a (ailure or dela. o( justice$ it shall ,a4e an order desi/natin/ or descri-in/ the persons whose deposition ,a. -e ta4en and speci(.in/ the su-ject ,atter o( the e5a,ination and whether the depositions shall -e ta4en upon oral e5a,ination or written interro/atories2 The depositions ,a. -e ta4en in accordance with Rule 69 -e(ore the hearin/2 *8a$ R198+ Se%&#!n +' Referen&e to &ourt2 3 For the purpose o( appl.in/ Rule 69 to depositions (or perpetuatin/ testi,on.$ each re(erence therein to the court in which the action is pendin/ shall -e dee,ed to re(er to the court in which the petition (or such deposition was (iled2 *)a$ R198+ Se%&#!n ,' .se of deposition2 3 !( a deposition to perpetuate testi,on. is ta4en under this Rule$ or i($ althou/h not so ta4en$ it would -e ad,issi-le in e'idence$ it ,a. -e used in an. action in'ol'in/ the sa,e su-ject ,atter su-se?uentl. -rou/ht in accordance with the pro'isions o( sections 8 and ) o( Rule 692 *:a$ R198+ Se%&#!n 7' 1epositions pending appeal2 3 !( an appeal has -een ta4en (ro, a jud/,ent o( a court$ includin/ the ourt o( Appeals in proper cases$ or -e(ore the ta4in/ o( an appeal i( the ti,e there(or has not e5pired$ the court in which the jud/,ent was rendered ,a. allow the ta4in/ o( depositions o( witnesses to perpetuate their testi,on. (or in the e'ent o( (urther proceedin/s in the said court2 !n such case the part. who desires to perpetuate the testi,on. ,a. ,a4e a ,otion in the said court (or lea'e to ta4e the depositions$ upon the sa,e notice and ser'ice thereo( as i( the action was pendin/ therein2 The ,otion shall state *a+ the na,es and addresses o( the persons to -e e5a,ined and the su-stance o( the testi,on. which he e5pects to elicit (ro, each$ and *-+ the reason (or perpetuatin/ their testi,on.2 !( the court (inds that the perpetuation o( the testi,on. is proper to a'oid a (ailure or dela. o( justice$ it ,a. ,a4e an order allowin/ the deposition to -e ta4en$ and thereupon the depositions ,a. -e ta4en and used in the sa,e ,anner and under the sa,e conditions as are prescri-ed in these Rules (or depositions ta4en in pendin/ actions2 *7a$ R198+

RULE (+

In&err!4a&!r#e$ &! Par&#e$ Se%&#!n 1' $nterrogatories to parties; ser(i&e thereof. 3 Under the sa,e conditions speci(ied in section 1 o( Rule 69$ an. part. desirin/ to elicit ,aterial and rele'ant (acts (ro, an. ad'erse parties shall (ile and ser'e upon the latter written interro/atories to -e answered -. the part. ser'ed or$ i( the part. ser'ed is a pu-lic or pri'ate corporation or a partnership or association$ -. an. o((icer thereo( co,petent to testi(. in its -ehal(2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Ans%er to interrogatories2 3 The interro/atories shall -e answered (ull. in writin/ and shall -e si/ned and sworn to -. the person ,a4in/ the,2 The part. upon who, the interro/atories ha'e -een ser'ed shall (ile and ser'e a cop. o( the answers on the part. su-,ittin/ the interro/atories within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo( unless the court on ,otion and (or /ood cause shown$ e5tends or shortens the ti,e2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' )'+e&tions to interrogatories2 3 O-jections to an. interro/atories ,a. -e presented to the court within ten *1A+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo($ with notice as in case o( a ,otion; and answers shall -e de(erred until the o-jections are resol'ed$ which shall -e at as earl. a ti,e as is practica-le2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Num'er of interrogatories2 3 &o part. ,a.$ without lea'e o( court$ ser'e ,ore than one set o( interro/atories to -e answered -. the sa,e part.2 *8+ Se%&#!n +' S&ope and use of interrogatories2 3 !nterro/atories ,a. relate to an. ,atters that can -e in?uired into under section 6 o( Rule 69$ and the answers ,a. -e used (or the sa,e purposes pro'ided in section 8 o( the sa,e Rule2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' 0ffe&t of failure to ser(e %ritten interrogatories2 3 Unless therea(ter allowed -. the court (or /ood cause shown and to pre'ent a (ailure o( justice$ a part. not ser'ed with written interro/atories ,a. not -e co,pelled -. the ad'erse part. to /i'e testi,on. in open court$ or to /i'e a deposition pendin/ appeal2 *n+

RULE (, A-3#$$#!n ;. A-"er$e Par&. Se%&#!n 1' Re;uest for admission2 3 At an. ti,e a(ter issues ha'e -een joined$ a part. ,a. (ile and ser'e upon an. other part. ,a. (ile and ser'e upon an. other part. a written re?uest (or the ad,ission -. the latter o( the /enuineness o( an. ,aterial and rele'ant docu,ent descri-ed in and e5hi-ited with the re?uest or o( the truth o( an. ,aterial and rele'ant ,atter o( (act set (orth in the re?uest2 opies o( the docu,ents shall -e deli'ered with the re?uest unless cop. ha'e alread. -een (urnished2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' $mplied admission2 3 Each o( the ,atters o( which an ad,ission is re?uested shall -e dee,ed ad,itted unless$ within a period desi/nated in the re?uest$ which shall not -e less than (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter ser'ice thereo($ or within such (urther ti,e as the court ,a. allow on ,otion$ the part. to who, the re?uest is directed (iles and ser'es upon the part. re?uestin/ the ad,ission a sworn state,ent either den.in/ speci(icall. the ,atters o( which an ad,ission is re?uested or settin/ (orth in detail the reasons wh. he cannot truth(ull. either ad,it or den. those ,atters2 O-jections to an. re?uest (or ad,ission shall -e su-,itted to the court -. the part. re?uested within the period (or and prior to the (ilin/ o( his sworn state,ent as conte,plated in the precedin/ para/raph and his co,pliance therewith shall -e de(erred until such o-jections are resol'ed$ which resolution shall -e ,ade as earl. as practica-le2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' 0ffe&t of admission2 3 An. ad,ission ,ade -. a part. pursuant to such re?uest is (or the purpose o( the pendin/ action onl. and shall not constitute an ad,ission -. hi, (or an. other purpose nor ,a. the sa,e -e used a/ainst hi, in an. other proceedin/2 *9+ Se%&#!n *' ,ithdra%al2 3 The court ,a. allow the part. ,a4in/ an ad,ission under the Rule$ whether e5press or i,plied$ to withdraw or a,end it upon such ter,s as ,a. -e just2 *8+

Se%&#!n +' 0ffe&t of failure to file and ser(e re;uest for admission2 3 Unless otherwise allowed -. the court (or /ood cause shown and to pre'ent a (ailure o( justice a part. who (ails to (ile and ser'e a re?uest (or ad,ission on the ad'erse part. o( ,aterial and rele'ant (acts at issue which are$ or ou/ht to -e$ within the personal 4nowled/e o( the latter$ shall not -e per,itted to present e'idence on such (acts2 *n+

RULE (7 Pr!-/%&#!n !r In$7e%&#!n !0 D!%/3en&$ !r T9#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' Motion for produ&tion or inspe&tion; order2 3 Upon ,otion o( an. part. showin/ /ood cause there(or$ the court in which an action is pendin/ ,a. *a+ order an. part. to produce and per,it the inspection and cop.in/ or photo/raphin/$ -. or on -ehal( o( the ,o'in/ part.$ o( an. desi/nated docu,ents$ papers$ -oo4s$ accounts$ letters$ photo/raphs$ o-jects or tan/i-le thin/s$ not pri'ile/ed$ which constitute or contain e'idence ,aterial to an. ,atter in'ol'ed in the action and which are in his possession$ custod. or control$ or *-+ order an. part. to per,it entr. upon desi/nated land or other propert. in his possession or control (or the purpose o( inspectin/$ ,easurin/$ sur'e.in/$ or photo/raphin/ the propert. or an. desi/nated rele'ant o-ject or operation thereon2 The order shall speci(. the ti,e$ place and ,anner o( ,a4in/ the inspection and ta4in/ copies and photo/raphs$ and ,a. prescri-e such ter,s and conditions as are just2 *1a+

RULE (1 P9.$#%a an- Men&a E<a3#na&#!n !0 Per$!n$ Se%&#!n 1' ,hen e2amination may 'e ordered2 3 !n an action in which the ,ental or ph.sical condition o( a part. is in contro'ers.$ the court in which the action is pendin/ ,a. in its discretion order hi, to su-,it to a ph.sical or ,ental e5a,ination -. a ph.sician2 *1+ Se%&#!n (' )rder for e2amination2 3 The order (or e5a,ination ,a. -e ,ade onl. on ,otion (or /ood cause shown and upon notice to the part. to -e e5a,ined and to all other parties$ and shall speci(. the ti,e$ place$ ,anner$ conditions and scope o( the e5a,ination and the person or persons -. who, it is to -e ,ade2 *6+ Se%&#!n )' Report of findings2 3 !( re?uested -. the part. e5a,ined$ the part. causin/ the e5a,ination to -e ,ade shall deli'er to hi, a cop. o( a detailed written report o( the e5a,inin/ ph.sician settin/ out his (indin/s and conclusions2 A(ter such re?uest and deli'er.$ the part. causin/ the e5a,ination to -e ,ade shall -e entitled upon re?uest to recei'e (ro, the part. e5a,ined a li4e report o( an. e5a,ination$ pre'iousl. or therea(ter ,ade$ o( the sa,e ,ental or ph.sical condition2 !( the part. e5a,ined re(uses to deli'er such report$ the court on ,otion and notice ,a. ,a4e an order re?uirin/ deli'er. on such ter,s as are just$ and i( a ph.sician (ails or re(uses to ,a4e such a report the court ,a. e5clude his testi,on. i( o((ered at the trial2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' ,ai(er of pri(ilege2 3 0. re?uestin/ and o-tainin/ a report o( the e5a,ination so ordered or -. ta4in/ the deposition o( the e5a,iner$ the part. e5a,ined wai'es an. pri'ile/e he ,a. ha'e in that action or an. other in'ol'in/ the sa,e contro'ers.$ re/ardin/ the testi,on. o( e'er. other person who has e5a,ined or ,a. therea(ter e5a,ine hi, in respect o( the sa,e ,ental or ph.sical e5a,ination2 *8+

RULE (9 Re0/$a &! C!37 . =#&9 M!-e$ !0 D#$%!"er. Se%&#!n 1' Refusal to ans%er2 3 !( a part. or other deponent re(uses to answer an. ?uestion upon oral e5a,ination$ the e5a,ination ,a. -e co,pleted on other ,atters or adjourned as the proponent o( the ?uestion ,a. pre(er2 The

proponent ,a. therea(ter appl. to the proper court o( the place where the deposition is -ein/ ta4en$ (or an order to co,pel an answer2 The sa,e procedure ,a. -e a'ailed o( when a part. or a witness re(uses to answer an. interro/ator. su-,itted under Rules 69 or 6)2 !( the application is /ranted$ the court shall re?uire the re(usin/ part. or deponent to answer the ?uestion or interro/ator. and i( it also (inds that the re(usal to answer was without su-stantial justi(ication$ it ,a. re?uire the re(usin/ part. or deponent or the counsel ad'isin/ the re(usal$ or -oth o( the,$ to pa. the proponent the a,ount o( the reasona-le e5penses incurred in o-tainin/ the order$ includin/ attorne.Es (ees2 !( the application is denied and the court (inds that it was (iled without su-stantial justi(ication$ the court ,a. re?uire the proponent or the counsel ad'isin/ the (ilin/ o( the application$ or -oth o( the,$ to pa. to the re(usin/ part. or deponent the a,ount o( the reasona-le e5penses incurred in opposin/ the application$ includin/ attorne.Es (ees2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Contempt of &ourt2 3 !( a part. or other witness re(uses to -e sworn or re(uses to answer an. ?uestion a(ter -ein/ directed to do so -. the court o( the place in which the deposition is -ein/ ta4en$ the re(usal ,a. -e considered a conte,pt o( that court2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' )ther &onse;uen&es2 3 !( an. part. or an o((icer or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a part. re(uses to o-e. an order ,ade under section 1 o( this Rule re?uirin/ hi, to answer desi/nated ?uestions$ or an order under Rule 67 to produce an. docu,ent or other thin/ (or inspection$ cop.in/$ or photo/raphin/ or to per,it it to -e done$ or to per,it entr. upon land or other propert. or an order ,ade under Rule 6@ re?uirin/ hi, to su-,it to a ph.sical or ,ental e5a,ination$ the court ,a. ,a4e such orders in re/ard to the re(usal as are just$ and a,on/ others the (ollowin/1 *a+ An order that the ,atters re/ardin/ which the ?uestions were as4ed$ or the character or description o( the thin/ or land$ or the contents o( the paper$ or the ph.sical or ,ental condition o( the part.$ or an. other desi/nated (acts shall -e ta4en to -e esta-lished (or the purposes o( the action in accordance with the clai, o( the part. o-tainin/ the order; *-+ An order re(usin/ to allow the diso-edient part. to support or oppose desi/nated clai,s or de(enses or prohi-itin/ hi, (ro, introducin/ in e'idence desi/nated docu,ents or thin/s or ite,s o( testi,on.$ or (ro, introducin/ e'idence o( ph.sical or ,ental condition; *c+ An order stri4in/ out pleadin/s or parts thereo($ or sta.in/ (urther proceedin/s until the order is o-e.ed$ or dis,issin/ the action or proceedin/ or an. part thereo($ or renderin/ a jud/,ent -. de(ault a/ainst the diso-edient part.; and *d+ !n lieu o( an. o( the (ore/oin/ orders or in addition thereto$ an order directin/ the arrest o( an. part. or a/ent o( a part. (or diso-e.in/ an. o( such orders e5cept an order to su-,it to a ph.sical or ,ental e5a,ination2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 02penses on refusal to admit2 3 !( a part. a(ter -ein/ ser'ed with a re?uest under Rule 6: to ad,it the /enuineness o( an. docu,ent or the truth o( an. ,atter o( (act ser'es a sworn denial thereo( and i( the part. re?uestin/ the ad,issions therea(ter pro'es the /enuineness o( such docu,ent or the truth o( an. such ,atter o( (act$ he ,a. appl. to the court (or an order re?uirin/ the other part. to pa. hi, the reasona-le e5penses incurred in ,a4in/ such proo($ includin/ attorne.Es (ees2 Unless the court (inds that there were /ood reasons (or the denial or that ad,issions sou/ht were o( no su-stantial i,portance$ such order shall -e issued2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' 9ailure of party to attend or ser(e ans%ers2 3 !( a part. or an o((icer or ,ana/in/ a/ent o( a part. wil(ull. (ails to appear -e(ore the o((icer who is to ta4e his deposition$ a(ter -ein/ ser'ed with a proper notice$ or (ails to ser'e answers to interro/atories su-,itted under Rule 6) a(ter proper ser'ice o( such interro/atories$ the court on ,otion and notice$ ,a. stri4e out all or an. part o( an. pleadin/ o( that part.$ or dis,iss the action or proceedin/ or an. part thereo($ or enter a jud/,ent -. de(ault a/ainst that part.$ and in its discretion$ order hi, to pa. reasona-le e5penses incurred -. the other$ includin/ attorne.Es (ees2 *)+ Se%&#!n ,' 02penses against the Repu'li& of the Philippines2 3 E5penses and attorne.Es (ees are not to -e i,posed upon the Repu-lic o( the Philippines under this Rule2 *:+

RULE )2 Tr#a Se%&#!n 1' Noti&e of #rial2 3 Upon entr. o( a case in the trial calendar$ the cler4 shall noti(. the parties o( the date o( its trial in such ,anner as shall ensure his receipt o( that notice at least (i'e *)+ da.s -e(ore such date2 *6a$ R66+ Se%&#!n (' Ad+ournments and postponements2 3 A court ,a. adjourn a trial (ro, da. to da.$ and to an. stated ti,e$ as the e5peditious and con'enient transaction o( -usiness ,a. re?uire$ -ut shall ha'e no power to adjourn a trial (or a lon/er period than one ,onth (or each adjourn,ent nor ,ore than three ,onths in all$ e5cept when authori7ed in writin/ -. the ourt Ad,inistrator$ Supre,e ourt2 *9a$ R66+ Se%&#!n )' Re;uisites of motion to postpone trial for a'sen&e of e(iden&e2 3 A ,otion to postpone a trial on the /round o( a-sence o( e'idence can -e /ranted onl. upon a((ida'it showin/ the ,aterialit. or rele'anc. o( such e'idence$ and that due dili/ence has -een used to procure it2 0ut i( the ad'erse part. ad,its the (acts to -e /i'en in e'idence$ e'en i( he o-jects or reser'es the ri/ht to o-ject to their ad,issi-ilit.$ the trial shall not -e postponed2 *8a$ R66; 0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 61 Ful. 199@+ Se%&#!n *' Re;uisites of motion to postpone trial for illness of party or &ounsel2 3 A ,otion to postpone a trial on the /round o( illness o( a part. or counsel ,a. -e /ranted i( it appears upon a((ida'it or sworn certi(ication that the presence o( such part. or counsel at the trial is indispensa-le and that the character o( his illness is such as to render his non-attendance e5cusa-le2 *)a$ R66+ Se%&#!n +' )rder of trial2 3 Su-ject to the pro'isions o( section 6 o( Rule 91$ and unless the court (or special reasons otherwise directs$ the trial shall -e li,ited to the issues stated in the pre-trial order and shall proceed as (ollows1 *a+ The plainti(( shall adduce e'idence in support o( his co,plaint; *-+ The de(endant shall then adduce e'idence in support o( his de(ense$ counterclai,$ cross-clai, and thirdpart. co,plaints; *c+ The third-part. de(endant i( an.$ shall adduce e'idence o( his de(ense$ counterclai,$ cross-clai, and (ourth-part. co,plaint; *d+ The (ourth-part.$ and so (orth$ i( an.$ shall adduce e'idence o( the ,aterial (acts pleaded -. the,; *e+ The parties a/ainst who, an. counterclai, or cross-clai, has -een pleaded$ shall adduce e'idence in support o( their de(ense$ in the order to -e prescri-ed -. the court; *(+ The parties ,a. then respecti'el. adduce re-uttin/ e'idence onl.$ unless the court$ (or /ood reasons and in the (urtherance o( justice$ per,its the, to adduce e'idence upon their ori/inal case; and */+ Upon ad,ission o( the e'idence$ the case shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or decision$ unless the court directs the parties to ar/ue or to su-,it their respecti'e ,e,oranda or an. (urther pleadin/s2 !( se'eral de(endants or third-part. de(endants$ and so (orth$ ha'in/ separate de(enses appear -. di((erent counsel$ the court shall deter,ine the relati'e order o( presentation o( their e'idence2 *1a$ R9A+ Se%&#!n ,' Agreed statement of fa&ts2 3 The parties to an. action ,a. a/ree$ in writin/$ upon the (acts in'ol'ed in the liti/ation$ and su-,it the case (or jud/,ent on the (acts a/reed upon$ without the introduction o( e'idence2 !( the parties a/ree onl. on so,e o( the (acts in issue$ the trial shall -e held as to the disputed (acts in such order as the court shall prescri-e2 *6a$ R9A+

Se%&#!n 7' Statement of +udge2 3 #urin/ the hearin/ or trial o( a case an. state,ent ,ade -. the jud/e with re(erence to the case$ or to an. o( the parties$ witnesses or counsel$ shall -e ,ade o( record in the steno/raphic notes2 *9a$ R9A+ Se%&#!n 1' Suspension of a&tions2 3 The suspension o( actions shall -e /o'erned -. the pro'isions o( the ode2 *n+ i'il

Se%&#!n 9' *udge to re&ei(e e(iden&e; delegation to &ler/ of &ourt2 3 The jud/e o( the court where the case is pendin/ shall personall. recei'e the e'idence to -e adduced -. the parties2 >owe'er$ in de(ault or e2 parte hearin/s$ and in an. case where the parties a/ree in writin/$ the court ,a. dele/ate the reception o( e'idence to its cler4 o( court who is a ,e,-er o( the -ar2 The cler4 o( court shall ha'e no power to rule on o-jections to an. ?uestion or to the ad,ission o( e5hi-its$ which o-jections shall -e resol'ed -. the court upon su-,ission o( his report and the transcripts within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ter,ination o( the hearin/2 *n+

RULE )1 C!n$! #-a&#!n !r Se"eran%e Se%&#!n 1' Consolidation2 3 <hen actions in'ol'in/ a co,,on ?uestion o( law or (act are pendin/ -e(ore the court$ it ,a. order a joint hearin/ or trial o( an. or all the ,atters in issue in the actions; it ,a. order all the actions consolidated$ and it ,a. ,a4e such orders concernin/ proceedin/s therein as ,a. tend to a'oid unnecessar. costs or dela.2 *1+ Se%&#!n (' Separate trials2 3 The court$ in (urtherance o( con'enience or to a'oid prejudice$ ,a. order a separate trial o( an. clai,$ cross-clai,$ counterclai,$ or third-part. co,plaint$ or o( an. separate issue or o( an. nu,-er o( clai,s$ cross-clai,s$ counterclai,s$ third-part. co,plaints or issues2 *6a+

RULE )( Tr#a ;. C!33#$$#!ner Se%&#!n 1' Referen&e 'y &onsent2 3 0. written consent o( -oth parties$ the court ,a. order an. or all o( the issues in a case to -e re(erred to a co,,issioner to -e a/reed upon -. the parties or to -e appointed -. the court2 As used in these Rules$ the word =co,,issioner= includes a re(eree$ an auditor and an e5a,iner2 *1a$ R99+ Se%&#!n (' Referen&e ordered on motion2 3 <hen the parties do not consent$ the court ,a.$ upon the application o( either or o( its own ,otion$ direct a re(erence to a co,,issioner in the (ollowin/ cases1 *a+ <hen the trial o( an issue o( (act re?uires the e5a,ination o( a lon/ account on either side$ in which case the co,,issioner ,a. -e directed to hear and report upon the whole issue or an. speci(ic ?uestion in'ol'ed therein; *-+ <hen the ta4in/ o( an account is necessar. (or the in(or,ation o( the court -e(ore jud/,ent$ or (or carr.in/ a jud/,ent or order into e((ect2 *c+ <hen a ?uestion o( (act$ other than upon the pleadin/s$ arises upon ,otion or otherwise$ in an. sta/e o( a case$ or (or carr.in/ a jud/,ent or order into e((ect2 *6a$ R99+ Se%&#!n )' )rder of referen&e; po%ers of the &ommissioner2 3 <hen a re(erence is ,ade$ the cler4 shall (orthwith (urnish the co,,issioner with a cop. o( the order o( re(erence2 The order ,a. speci(. or li,it the powers o( the co,,issioner$ and ,a. direct hi, to report onl. upon particular issues$ or to do or per(or, particular acts$ or to recei'e and report e'idence onl. and ,a. (i5 the date (or -e/innin/ and closin/ the hearin/s and (or the (ilin/ o( his

report2 Su-ject to other speci(ications and li,itations stated in the order$ the co,,issioner has and shall e5ercise the power to re/ulate the proceedin/s in e'er. hearin/ -e(ore hi, and to do all acts and ta4e all ,easures necessar. or proper (or the e((icient per(or,ance o( his duties under the order2 >e ,a. issue su-poenas and su-poenas du&es te&um$ swear witnesses$ and unless otherwise pro'ided in the order o( re(erence$ he ,a. rule upon the ad,issi-ilit. o( e'idence2 The trial or hearin/ -e(ore hi, shall proceed in all respects as it would i( held -e(ore the court2 *9a$ R99+ Se%&#!n *' )ath of &ommissioner2 3 0e(ore enterin/ upon his duties the co,,issioner shall -e sworn to a (aith(ul and honest per(or,ance thereo(2 *18$ R99+ Se%&#!n +' Pro&eedings 'efore &ommissioner2 3 Upon receipt o( the order o( re(erence and unless otherwise pro'ided therein$ the co,,issioner shall (orthwith set a ti,e and place (or the (irst ,eetin/ o( the parties or their counsel to -e held within ten *1A+ da.s a(ter the date o( the order o( re(erence and shall noti(. the parties or their counsel2 *)a$ R99+ Se%&#!n ,' 9ailure of parties to appear 'efore &ommissioner2 3 !( a part. (ails to appear at the ti,e and place appointed$ the co,,issioner ,a. proceed e2 parte or$ in his discretion$ adjourn the proceedin/s to a (uture da.$ /i'in/ notice to the a-sent part. or his counsel o( the adjourn,ent2 *:a$ R99+ Se%&#!n 7' Refusal of %itness2 3 The re(usal o( a witness to o-e. a su-poena issued -. the co,,issioner or to /i'e e'idence -e(ore hi,$ shall -e dee,ed a conte,pt o( the court which appointed the co,,issioner2 *7a R99+ Se%&#!n 1' Commissioner shall a(oid delays2 3 !t is the dut. o( the co,,issioner to proceed with all reasona-le dili/ence2 Either part.$ on notice to the parties and co,,issioner$ ,a. appl. to the court (or an order re?uirin/ the co,,issioner to e5pedite the proceedin/s and to ,a4e his report2 *@a$ R99+ Se%&#!n 9' Report of &ommissioner2 3 Upon the co,pletion o( the trial or hearin/ or proceedin/ -e(ore the co,,issioner$ he shall (ile with the court his report in writin/ upon the ,atters su-,itted to hi, -. the order o( re(erence2 <hen his powers are not speci(ied or li,ited$ he shall set (orth his (indin/s o( (act and conclusions o( law in his report2 >e shall attach thereto all e5hi-its$ a((ida'its$ depositions$ papers and the transcript$ i( an.$ o( the testi,onial e'idence presented -e(ore hi,2 *9a$ R99+ Se%&#!n 12' Noti&e to parties of the filing of report2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the report$ the parties shall -e noti(ied -. the cler4$ and the. shall -e allowed ten *1A+ da.s within which to si/ni(. /rounds o( o-jections to the (indin/s o( the report$ i( the. so desire2 O-jections to the report -ased upon /rounds which were a'aila-le to the parties durin/ the proceedin/s -e(ore the co,,issioner$ other than o-jections to the (indin/s and conclusions therein$ set (orth$ shall not -e considered -. the court unless the. were ,ade -e(ore the co,,issioner2 *1A$ R99+ Se%&#!n 11' 8earing upon report2 3 Upon the e5piration o( the period o( ten *1A+ da.s re(erred to in the precedin/ section$ the report shall -e set (or hearin/$ a(ter which the court shall issue an order adoptin/$ ,odi(.in/$ or rejectin/ the report in whole or in part$ or reco,,ittin/ it with instructions$ or re?uirin/ the parties to present (urther e'idence -e(ore the co,,issioner or the court2 *11a$ R99+ Se%&#!n 1(' Stipulations as to findings2 3 <hen the parties stipulate that a co,,issionerEs (indin/s o( (act shall -e (inal$ onl. ?uestions o( law shall therea(ter -e considered2 *16a$ R99+ Se%&#!n 1)' Compensation of &ommissioner2 3 The court shall allow the co,,issioner such reasona-le co,pensation as the circu,stances o( the case warrant$ to -e ta5ed as costs a/ainst the de(eated part.$ or apportioned$ as justice re?uires2 *19$ R99+

RULE )) De3/rrer &! E"#-en%e Se%&#!n 1' 1emurrer to e(iden&e2 3 A(ter the plainti(( has co,pleted the presentation o( his e'idence$ the de(endant ,a. ,o'e (or dis,issal on the /round that upon the (acts and the law the plainti(( has shown no ri/ht to relie(2 !( his

,otion is denied he shall ha'e the ri/ht to present e'idence2 !( the ,otion is /ranted -ut on appeal the order o( dis,issal is re'ersed he shall -e dee,ed to ha'e wai'ed the ri/ht to present e'idence2 *1a$ R9)+

RULE )* J/-43en& !n &9e P ea-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' *udgment on the pleadings2 3 <here an answer (ails to tender an issue$ or otherwise ad,its the ,aterial alle/ations o( the ad'erse part.Es pleadin/$ the court ,a.; on ,otion o( that part.$ direct jud/,ent on such pleadin/2 >owe'er$ in actions (or declaration o( nullit. or annul,ent o( ,arria/e or (or le/al separation$ the ,aterial (acts alle/ed in the co,plaint shall alwa.s -e pro'ed2 *1a$ R19+

RULE )+ S/33ar. J/-43en&$ Se%&#!n 1' Summary +udgment for &laimant2 3 A part. see4in/ to reco'er upon a clai,$ counterclai,$ or cross-clai, or to o-tain a declarator. relie( ,a.$ at an. ti,e a(ter the pleadin/ in answer thereto has -een ser'ed$ ,o'e with supportin/ a((ida'its$ depositions or ad,issions (or a su,,ar. jud/,ent in his (a'or upon all or an. part thereo(2 *1a$ R98+ Se%&#!n (' Summary +udgment for defending party2 3 A part. a/ainst who, a clai,$ counterclai,$ or cross-clai, is asserted or a declarator. relie( is sou/ht ,a.$ at an. ti,e$ ,o'e with supportin/ a((ida'its$ depositions or ad,issions (or a su,,ar. jud/,ent in his (a'or as to all or an. part thereo(2 *6a$ R98+ Se%&#!n )' Motion and pro&eedings thereon2 3 The ,otion shall -e ser'ed at least ten *1A+ da.s -e(ore the ti,e speci(ied (or the hearin/2 The ad'erse part. ,a. ser'e opposin/ a((ida'its$ depositions$ or ad,issions at least three *9+ da.s -e(ore the hearin/2 A(ter the hearin/$ the jud/,ent sou/ht shall -e rendered (orthwith i( the pleadin/s$ supportin/ a((ida'its$ depositions$ and ad,issions on (ile$ show that$ e5cept as to the a,ount o( da,a/es$ there is no /enuine issue as to an. ,aterial (act and that the ,o'in/ part. is entitled to a jud/,ent as a ,atter o( law2 *9a$ R98+ Se%&#!n *' Case not fully ad+udi&ated on motion2 3 !( on ,otion under this Rule$ jud/,ent is not rendered upon the whole case or (or all the relie(s sou/ht and a trial is necessar.$ the court at the hearin/ o( the ,otion$ -. e5a,inin/ the pleadin/s and the e'idence -e(ore it and -. interro/atin/ counsel shall ascertain what ,aterial (acts e5ist without su-stantial contro'ers. and what are actuall. and in /ood (aith contro'erted2 !t shall thereupon ,a4e an order speci(.in/ the (acts that appear without su-stantial contro'ers.$ includin/ the e5tent to which the a,ount o( da,a/es or other relie( is not in contro'ers.$ and directin/ such (urther proceedin/s in the action as are just2 The (acts so speci(ied shall -e dee,ed esta-lished$ and the trial shall -e conducted on the contro'erted (acts accordin/l.2 *8a$ R98+ Se%&#!n +' 9orm of affida(its and supporting papers2 3 Supportin/ and opposin/ a((ida'its shall -e ,ade on personal 4nowled/e$ shall set (orth such (acts as would -e ad,issi-le in e'idence$ and shall show a((ir,ati'el. that the a((iant is co,petent to testi(. to the ,atters stated therein2 erti(ied true copies o( all papers or parts thereo( re(erred to in the a((ida'it shall -e attached thereto or ser'ed therewith2 *)a$ R98+ Se%&#!n ,' Affida(its in 'ad faith2 3 Should it appear to its satis(action at an. ti,e that an. o( the a((ida'its presented pursuant to this Rule are presented in -ad (aith$ or solel. (or the purpose o( dela.$ the court shall (orthwith order the o((endin/ part. or counsel to pa. to the other part. the a,ount o( the reasona-le e5penses which the (ilin/ o( the a((ida'its caused hi, to incur includin/ attorne.Es (ees$ it ,a.$ a(ter hearin/ (urther adjud/e the o((endin/ part. or counsel /uilt. o( conte,pt2 *:a$ R98+

RULE ), J/-43en&$, F#na Or-er$ an- En&r. T9ere!0 Se%&#!n 1' Rendition of +udgments and final orders2 3 A jud/,ent or (inal order deter,inin/ the ,erits o( the case shall -e in writin/ personall. and directl. prepared -. the jud/e$ statin/ clearl. and distinctl. the (acts and the law on which it is -ased$ si/ned -. hi,$ and (iled with the cler4 o( the court2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 0ntry of +udgments and final orders2 3 !( no appeal or ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration is (iled within the ti,e pro'ided in these Rules$ the jud/,ent or (inal order shall (orthwith -e entered -. the cler4 in the -oo4 o( entries o( jud/,ents2 The date o( (inalit. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order shall -e dee,ed to -e the date o( its entr.2 The record shall contain the dispositi'e part o( the jud/,ent or (inal order and shall -e si/ned -. the cler4$ within a certi(icate that such jud/,ent or (inal order has -eco,e (inal and e5ecutor.2 *6a$ 1A$ R)1+ Se%&#!n )' *udgment for or against one or more of se(eral parties2 3 Fud/,ent ,a. -e /i'en (or or a/ainst one or ,ore o( se'eral plainti((s and (or or a/ainst one or ,ore o( se'eral de(endants2 <hen justice so de,ands$ the court ,a. re?uire the parties on each side to (ile ad'ersar. pleadin/s as -etween the,sel'es and deter,ine their ulti,ate ri/hts and o-li/ations2 *9+ Se%&#!n *' Se(eral +udgments2 3 !n an action a/ainst se'eral de(endants$ the court ,a.$ when a se'eral jud/,ent is proper$ render jud/,ent a/ainst one or ,ore o( the,$ lea'in/ the action to proceed a/ainst the others2 *8+ Se%&#!n +' Separate +udgments2 3 <hen ,ore than one clai, (or relie( is presented in an action$ the court$ at an. sta/e$ upon a deter,ination o( the issues ,aterial to a particular clai, and all counterclai,s arisin/ out o( the transaction or occurrence which is the su-ject ,atter o( the clai,$ ,a. render a separate jud/,ent disposin/ o( such clai,2 The jud/,ent shall ter,inate the action with respect to the clai, so disposed o( and the action shall proceed as to the re,ainin/ clai,s2 !n case a separate jud/,ent is rendered the court -. order ,a. sta. its en(orce,ent until the rendition o( a su-se?uent jud/,ent or jud/,ents and ,a. prescri-e such conditions as ,a. -e necessar. to secure the -ene(it thereo( to the part. in whose (a'or the jud/,ent is rendered2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' *udgment against entity %ithout +uridi&al personality2 3 <hen jud/,ent is rendered a/ainst two or ,ore persons sued as an entit. without juridical personalit.$ the jud/,ent shall set out their indi'idual or proper na,es$ i( 4nown2 *:a+

RULE )7 Ne= Tr#a !r Re%!n$#-era&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' 3rounds of and period for filing motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 <ithin the period (or ta4in/ an appeal$ the a//rie'ed part. ,a. ,o'e the trial court to set aside the jud/,ent or (inal order and /rant a new trial (or one or ,ore o( the (ollowin/ causes ,ateriall. a((ectin/ the su-stantial ri/hts o( said part.1 *a+ Fraud$ accident$ ,ista4e or e5cusa-le ne/li/ence which ordinar. prudence could not ha'e /uarded a/ainst and -. reason o( which such a//rie'ed part. has pro-a-l. -een i,paired in his ri/hts; or *-+ &ewl. disco'ered e'idence$ which he could not$ with reasona-le dili/ence$ ha'e disco'ered and produced at the trial$ and which i( presented would pro-a-l. alter the result2 <ithin the sa,e period$ the a//rie'ed part. ,a. also ,o'e (or reconsideration upon the /rounds that the da,a/es awarded are e5cessi'e$ that the e'idence is insu((icient to justi(. the decision or (inal order$ or that the decision or (inal order is contrar. to law2 *1a+

Se%&#!n (' Contents of motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration and noti&e thereof. 3 The ,otion shall -e ,ade in writin/ statin/ the /round or /rounds there(or$ a written notice o( which shall -e ser'ed -. the ,o'ant on the ad'erse part.2 A ,otion (or new trial shall -e pro'ed in the ,anner pro'ided (or proo( o( ,otion2 A ,otion (or the cause ,entioned in para/raph *a+ o( the precedin/ section shall -e supported -. a((ida'its o( ,erits which ,a. -e re-utted -. a((ida'its2 A ,otion (or the cause ,entioned in para/raph *-+ shall -e supported -. a((ida'its o( the witnesses -. who, such e'idence is e5pected to -e /i'en$ or -. dul. authenticated docu,ents which are proposed to -e introduced in e'idence2 A ,otion (or reconsideration shall point out a speci(icall. the (indin/s or conclusions o( the jud/,ent or (inal order which are not supported -. the e'idence or which are contrar. to law ,a4in/ e5press re(erence to the testi,onial or docu,entar. e'idence or to the pro'isions o( law alle/ed to -e contrar. to such (indin/s or conclusions2 A pro forma ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall not toll the re/le,entar. period o( appeal2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' A&tion upon motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 The trial court ,a. set aside the jud/,ent or (inal order and /rant a new trial$ upon such ter,s as ,a. -e just$ or ,a. den. the ,otion2 !( the court (inds that e5cessi'e da,a/es ha'e -een awarded or that the jud/,ent or (inal order is contrar. to the e'idence or law$ it ,a. a,end such jud/,ent or (inal order accordin/l.2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Resolution of motion2 3 A ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall -e resol'ed within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, the ti,e it is su-,itted (or resolution2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Se&ond motion for ne% trial2 3 A ,otion (or new trial shall include all /rounds then a'aila-le and those not so included shall -e dee,ed wai'ed2 A second ,otion (or new trial$ -ased on a /round not e5istin/ nor a'aila-le when the (irst ,otion was ,ade$ ,a. -e (iled within the ti,e herein pro'ided e5cludin/ the ti,e durin/ which the (irst ,otion had -een pendin/2 &o part. shall -e allowed a second ,otion (or reconsideration o( a jud/,ent or (inal order *8a$ 8$ !RB+ Se%&#!n ,' 0ffe&t of granting of motion for ne% trial2 3 !( a new trial is /ranted in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rules the ori/inal jud/,ent or (inal order shall -e 'acated$ and the action shall stand (or trial de no(o; -ut the recorded e'idence ta4en upon the (or,er trial$ inso(ar as the sa,e is ,aterial and co,petent to esta-lish the issues$ shall -e used at the new trial without reta4in/ the sa,e2 *)a+ Se%&#!n 7' Partial ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 !( the /rounds (or a ,otion under this Rule appear to the court to a((ect the issues as to onl. a part$ or less than an o( the ,atter in contro'ers.$ or onl. one$ or less than all$ o( the parties to it$ the court ,a. order a new trial or /rant reconsideration as to such issues i( se'era-le without inter(erin/ with the jud/,ent or (inal order upon the rest2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 1' 0ffe&t of order for partial ne% trial2 3 <hen less than all o( the issues are ordered retried$ the court ,a. either enter a jud/,ent or (inal order as to the rest$ or sta. the en(orce,ent o( such jud/,ent or (inal order until a(ter the new trial2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 9' Remedy against order denying a motion for ne% trial or re&onsideration2 3 An order den.in/ a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration is not appealed$ the re,ed. -ein/ an appeal (ro, the jud/,ent or (inal order2 *n+

RULE )1 Re #e0 0r!3 J/-43en&$, Or-er$, !r O&9er Pr!%ee-#n4$ Se%&#!n 1' Petition for relief from +udgment$ order$ or other pro&eedings2 3 <hen a jud/,ent or (inal order is entered$ or an. other proceedin/ is therea(ter ta4en a/ainst a part. in an. court throu/h (raud$ accident$ ,ista4e$ or

e5cusa-le ne/li/ence$ he ,a. (ile a petition in such court and in the sa,e case pra.in/ that the jud/,ent$ order or proceedin/ -e set aside2 *6a+ Se%&#!n (' Petition for relief from denial of appeal2 3 <hen a jud/,ent or (inal order is rendered -. an. court in a case$ and a part. thereto$ -. (raud$ accident$ ,ista4e$ or e5cusa-le ne/li/ence$ has -een pre'ented (ro, ta4in/ an appeal$ he ,a. (ile a petition in such court and in the sa,e case pra.in/ that the appeal -e /i'en due course2 *1a+ Se%&#!n )' #ime for filing petition; &ontents and (erifi&ation2 3 A petition pro'ided (or in either o( the precedin/ sections o( this Rule ,ust -e 'eri(ied$ (iled within si5t. *:A+ da.s a(ter the petitioner learns o( the jud/,ent$ (inal order$ or other proceedin/ to -e set aside$ and not ,ore than si5 *:+ ,onths a(ter such jud/,ent or (inal order was entered$ or such proceedin/ was ta4en$ and ,ust -e acco,panied with a((ida'its showin/ the (raud$ accident$ ,ista4e$ or e5cusa-le ne/li/ence relied upon$ and the (acts constitutin/ the petitionerEs /ood and su-stantial cause o( action or de(ense$ as the case ,a. -e2 *9+ Se%&#!n *' )rder to file an ans%er2 3 !( the petition is su((icient in (or, and su-stance to justi(. relie($ the court in which it is (iled$ shall issue an order re?uirin/ the ad'erse parties to answer the sa,e within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, the receipt thereo(2 The order shall -e ser'ed in such ,anner as the court ,a. direct$ to/ether with copies o( the petition and the acco,pan.in/ a((ida'its2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Preliminary in+un&tion pending pro&eedings2 3 The court in which the petition is (iled ,a. /rant such preli,inar. injunction as ,a. -e necessar. (or the preser'ation o( the ri/hts o( the parties$ upon the (ilin/ -. the petitioner o( a -ond in (a'or o( the ad'erse part.$ conditioned that i( the petition is dis,issed or the petitioner (ails on the trial o( the case upon its ,erits$ he will pa. the ad'erse part. all da,a/es and costs that ,a. -e awarded to hi, -. reason o( the issuance o( such injunction or the other proceedin/s (ollowin/ the petition$ -ut such injunction shall not operate to dischar/e or e5tin/uish an. lien which the ad'erse part. ,a. ha'e ac?uired upon$ the propert.$ o( the petitioner2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Pro&eedings after ans%er is filed2 3 A(ter the (ilin/ o( the answer or the e5piration o( the period there(or$ the court shall hear the petition and i( a(ter such hearin/$ it (inds that the alle/ations thereo( are not true$ the petition shall -e dis,issed; -ut i( it (inds said alle/ations to -e true$ it shall set aside the jud/,ent or (inal order or other proceedin/ co,plained o( upon such ter,s as ,a. -e just2 Therea(ter the case shall stand as i( such jud/,ent$ (inal order or other proceedin/ had ne'er -een rendered$ issued or ta4en2 The court shall then proceed to hear and deter,ine the case as i( a ti,el. ,otion (or a new trial or reconsideration had -een /ranted -. it2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Pro&edure %here the denial of an appeal is set aside2 3 <here the denial o( an appeal is set aside$ the lower court shall -e re?uired to /i'e due course to the appeal and to ele'ate the record o( the appealed case as i( a ti,el. and proper appeal had -een ,ade2 *7a+

RULE )9 E<e%/&#!n, Sa&#$0a%&#!n an- E00e%& !0 J/-43en&$ Se%&#!n 1' 02e&ution upon +udgments or final orders2 3 E5ecution shall issue as a ,atter o( ri/ht$ or ,otion$ upon a jud/,ent or order that disposes o( the action or proceedin/ upon the e5piration o( the period to appeal there(ro, i( no appeal has -een dul. per(ected2 *1a+ !( the appeal has -een dul. per(ected and (inall. resol'ed$ the e5ecution ,a. (orthwith -e applied (or in the court o( ori/in$ on ,otion o( the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ su-,ittin/ therewith certi(ied true copies o( the jud/,ent or jud/,ents or (inal order or orders sou/ht to -e en(orced and o( the entr. thereo($ with notice to the ad'erse part.2 The appellate court ,a.$ on ,otion in the sa,e case$ when the interest o( justice so re?uires$ direct the court o( ori/in to issue the writ o( e5ecution2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' 1is&retionary e2e&ution2 3

*a+ 02e&ution of a +udgment or final order pending appeal2 3 On ,otion o( the pre'ailin/ part. with notice to the ad'erse part. (iled in the trial court while it has jurisdiction o'er the case and is in possession o( either the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ as the case ,a. -e$ at the ti,e o( the (ilin/ o( such ,otion$ said court ,a.$ in its discretion$ order e5ecution o( a jud/,ent or (inal order e'en -e(ore the e5piration o( the period to appeal2 A(ter the trial court has lost jurisdiction the ,otion (or e5ecution pendin/ appeal ,a. -e (iled in the appellate court2 #iscretionar. e5ecution ,a. onl. issue upon /ood reasons to -e stated in a special order a(ter due hearin/2 *-+ 02e&ution of se(eral$ separate or partial +udgments2 3 A se'eral$ separate or partial jud/,ent ,a. -e e5ecuted under the sa,e ter,s and conditions as e5ecution o( a jud/,ent or (inal order pendin/ appeal2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Stay of dis&retionary e2e&ution2 3 #iscretionar. e5ecution issued under the precedin/ section ,a. -e sta.ed upon appro'al -. the proper court o( a su((icient supersedeas -ond (iled -. the part. a/ainst who, it is directed$ conditioned upon the per(or,ance o( the jud/,ent or order allowed to -e e5ecuted in case it shall -e (inall. sustained in whole or in part2 The -ond thus /i'en ,a. -e proceeded a/ainst on ,otion with notice to the suret.2 *9a + Se%&#!n *' *udgments not stayed 'y appeal2 3 Fud/,ents in actions (or injunction$ recei'ership$ accountin/ and support$ and such other jud/,ents as are now or ,a. herea(ter -e declared to -e i,,ediatel. e5ecutor.$ shall -e en(orcea-le a(ter their rendition and shall not$ -e sta.ed -. an appeal ta4en there(ro,$ unless otherwise ordered -. the trial court2 On appeal there(ro,$ the appellate court in its discretion ,a. ,a4e an order suspendin/$ ,odi(.in/$ restorin/ or /rantin/ the injunction$ recei'ership$ accountin/$ or award o( support2 The sta. o( e5ecution shall -e upon such ter,s as to -ond or otherwise as ,a. -e considered proper (or the securit. or protection o( the ri/hts o( the ad'erse part.2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' 0ffe&t of re(ersal of e2e&uted +udgment2 3 <here the e5ecuted jud/,ent is re'ersed totall. or partiall.$ or annulled$ on appeal or otherwise$ the trial court ,a.$ on ,otion$ issue such orders o( restitution or reparation o( da,a/es as e?uit. and justice ,a. warrant under the circu,stances2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' 02e&ution 'y motion or 'y independent a&tion2 3 A (inal and e5ecutor. jud/,ent or order ,a. -e e5ecuted on ,otion within (i'e *)+ .ears (ro, the date o( its entr.2 A(ter the lapse o( such ti,e$ and -e(ore it is -arred -. the statute o( li,itations$ a jud/,ent ,a. -e en(orced -. action2 The re'i'ed jud/,ent ,a. also -e en(orced -. ,otion within (i'e *)+ .ears (ro, the date o( its entr. and therea(ter -. action -e(ore it is -arred -. the statute o( li,itations2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' 02e&ution in &ase of death of party2 3 !n case o( the death o( a part.$ e5ecution ,a. issue or -e en(orced in the (ollowin/ ,anner1 *a+ !n case o( the death o( the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ upon the application o( his e5ecutor or ad,inistrator$ or successor in interest; *-+ !n case o( the death o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ a/ainst his e5ecutor or ad,inistrator or successor in interest$ i( the jud/,ent -e (or the reco'er. o( real or personal propert.$ or the en(orce,ent o( a lien thereon; *c+ !n case o( the death o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ a(ter e5ecution is actuall. le'ied upon an. o( his propert.$ the sa,e ,a. -e sold (or the satis(action o( the jud/,ent o-li/ation$ and the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale shall account to the correspondin/ e5ecutor or ad,inistrator (or an. surplus in his hands2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' $ssuan&e$ form and &ontents of a %rit of e2e&ution2 3 The writ o( e5ecution shall1 *1+ issue in the na,e o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines (ro, the court which /ranted the ,otion; *6+ state the na,e o( the court$ the case nu,-er and title$ the dispositi'e part o( the su-ject jud/,ent or order; and *9+ re?uire the sheri(( or other proper o((icer to who, it is directed to en(orce the writ accordin/ to its ter,s$ in the ,anner hereina(ter pro'ided1

*a+ !( the e5ecution -e a/ainst the propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ to satis(. the jud/,ent$ with interest$ out o( the real or personal propert. o( such jud/,ent o-li/or; *-+ !( it -e a/ainst real or personal propert. in the hands o( personal representati'es$ heirs$ de'isees$ le/atees$ tenants$ or trustees o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ to satis(. the jud/,ent$ with interest$ out o( such propert.; *c+ !( it -e (or the sale o( real or personal propert. to sell such propert. descri-in/ it$ and appl. the proceeds in con(or,it. with the jud/,ent$ the ,aterial parts o( which shall -e recited in the writ o( e5ecution; *d+ !( it -e (or the deli'er. o( the possession o( real or personal propert.$ to deli'er the possession o( the sa,e$ descri-in/ it$ to the part. entitled thereto$ and to satis(. an. costs$ da,a/es$ rents$ or pro(its co'ered -. the jud/,ent out o( the personal propert. o( the person a/ainst who, it was rendered$ and i( su((icient personal propert. cannot -e (ound$ then out o( the real propert.; and *e+ !n all cases$ the writ o( e5ecution shall speci(icall. state the a,ount o( the interest$ costs$ da,a/es$ rents$ or pro(its due as o( the date o( the issuance o( the writ$ aside (ro, the principal o-li/ation under the jud/,ent2 For this purpose$ the ,otion (or e5ecution shall speci(. the a,ounts o( the (ore/oin/ relie(s sou/ht -. the ,o'ant2*@a+ Se%&#!n 9' 02e&ution of +udgments for money$ ho% enfor&ed2 3 *a+ $mmediate payment on demand2 3 The o((icer shall en(orce an e5ecution o( a jud/,ent (or ,one. -. de,andin/ (ro, the jud/,ent o-li/or the i,,ediate pa.,ent o( the (ull a,ount stated in the writ o( e5ecution and all law(ul (ees2 The jud/,ent o-li/or shall pa. in cash$ certi(ied -an4 chec4 pa.a-le to the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ or an. other (or, o( pa.,ent accepta-le to the latter$ the a,ount o( the jud/,ent de-t under proper receipt directl. to the jud/,ent o-li/ee or his authori7ed representati'e i( present at the ti,e o( pa.,ent2 The law(ul (ees shall -e handed under proper receipt to the e5ecutin/ sheri(( who shall turn o'er the said a,ount within the sa,e da. to the cler4 o( court o( the court that issued the writ2 !( the jud/,ent o-li/ee or his authori7ed representati'e is not present to recei'e pa.,ent$ the jud/,ent o-li/or shall deli'er the a(oresaid pa.,ent to the e5ecutin/ sheri((2 The latter shall turn o'er all the a,ounts co,in/ into his possession within the sa,e da. to the cler4 o( court o( the court that issued the writ$ or i( the sa,e is not practica-le$ deposit said a,ounts to a (iduciar. account in the nearest /o'ern,ent depositor. -an4 o( the Re/ional Trial ourt o( the localit.2 The cler4 o( said court shall therea(ter arran/e (or the re,ittance o( the deposit to the account o( the court that issued the writ whose cler4 o( court shall then deli'er said pa.,ent to the jud/,ent o-li/ee in satis(action o( the jud/,ent2 The e5cess$ i( an.$ shall -e deli'ered to the jud/,ent o-li/or while the law(ul (ees shall -e retained -. the cler4 o( court (or disposition as pro'ided -. law2 !n no case shall the e5ecutin/ sheri(( de,and that an. pa.,ent -. chec4 -e ,ade pa.a-le to hi,2 *-+ Satisfa&tion 'y le(y2 3 !( the jud/,ent o-li/or cannot pa. all or part o( the o-li/ation in cash$ certi(ied -an4 chec4 or other ,ode o( pa.,ent accepta-le to the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ the o((icer shall le'. upon the properties o( the jud/,ent o-li/or o( e'er. 4ind and nature whatsoe'er which ,a. -e disposed$ o( (or 'alue and not otherwise e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution /i'in/ the latter the option to i,,ediatel. choose which propert. or part thereo( ,a. -e le'ied upon$ su((icient to satis(. the jud/,ent2 !( the jud/,ent o-li/or does not e5ercise the option$ the o((icer shall (irst le'. on the personal properties$ i( an.$ and then on the real properties i( the personal properties are insu((icient to answer (or the jud/,ent2 The sheri(( shall sell onl. a su((icient portion o( the personal or real propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or which has -een le'ied upon2 <hen there is ,ore propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or than is su((icient to satis(. the jud/,ent and law(ul (ees$ he ,ust sell onl. so ,uch o( the personal or real propert. as is su((icient to satis(. the jud/,ent and law(ul (ees2

Real propert.$ stoc4s$ shares$ de-ts$ credits$ and other personal propert.$ or an. interest in either real or personal propert.$ ,a. -e le'ied upon in li4e ,anner and with li4e e((ect as under a writ o( attach,ent2 *c+ 3arnishment of de'ts and &redits2 3 The o((icer ,a. le'. on de-ts due the jud/,ent o-li/or and other credits$ includin/ -an4 deposits$ (inancial interests$ ro.alties$ co,,issions and other personal propert. not capa-le o( ,anual deli'er. in the possession or control o( third parties2 Le'. shall -e ,ade -. ser'in/ notice upon the person owin/ such de-ts or ha'in/ in his possession or control such credits to which the jud/,ent o-li/or is entitled2 The /arnish,ent shall co'er onl. such a,ount as will satis(. the jud/,ent and all law(ul (ees2 The /arnishee shall ,a4e a written report to the court within (i'e *)+ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( the notice o( /arnish,ent statin/ whether or not the jud/,ent o-li/or has su((icient (unds or credits to satis(. the a,ount o( the jud/,ent2 !( not$ the report shall state how ,uch (unds or credits the /arnishee holds (or the jud/,ent o-li/or2 The /arnished a,ount in cash$ or certi(ied -an4 chec4 issued in the na,e o( the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ shall -e deli'ered directl. to the jud/,ent o-li/ee within ten *1A+ wor4in/ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( notice on said /arnishee re?uirin/ such deli'er.$ e5cept the law(ul (ees which shall -e paid directl. to the court2 !n the e'ent there are two or ,ore /arnishees holdin/ deposits or credits su((icient to satis(. the jud/,ent$ the jud/,ent o-li/or$ i( a'aila-le$ shall ha'e the ri/ht to indicate the /arnishee or /arnishees who shall -e re?uired to deli'er the a,ount due$ otherwise$ the choice shall -e ,ade -. the jud/,ent o-li/ee2 The e5ecutin/ sheri(( shall o-ser'e the sa,e procedure under para/raph *a+ with respect to deli'er. o( pa.,ent to the jud/,ent o-li/ee2 *@a$ 1)a+ Se%&#!n 12' 02e&ution of +udgments for spe&ifi& a&t2 3 *a+ Con(eyan&e$ deli(ery of deeds$ or other spe&ifi& a&ts; (esting title2 3 !( a jud/,ent directs a part. to e5ecute a con'e.ance o( land or personal propert.$ or to deli'er deeds or other docu,ents$ or to per(or,$ an. other speci(ic act in connection therewith$ and the part. (ails to co,pl. within the ti,e speci(ied$ the court ,a. direct the act to -e done at the cost o( the diso-edient part. -. so,e other person appointed -. the court and the act when so done shall ha'e li4e e((ect as i( done -. the part.2 !( real or personal propert. is situated within the Philippines$ the court in lieu o( directin/ a con'e.ance thereo( ,a. -. an order di'est the title o( an. part. and 'est it in others$ which shall ha'e the (orce and e((ect o( a con'e.ance e5ecuted in due (or, o( law2 *1Aa+ *-+ Sale of real or personal property2 3 !( the jud/,ent -e (or the sale o( real or personal propert.$ to sell such propert.$ descri-in/ it$ and appl. the proceeds in con(or,it. with the jud/,ent2 *@CcDa+ *c+ 1eli(ery or restitution of real property2 3 The o((icer shall de,and o( the person a/ainst who, the jud/,ent (or the deli'er. or restitution o( real propert. is rendered and all persons clai,in/ ri/hts under hi, to peacea-l. 'acate the propert. within three *9+ wor4in/ da.s$ and restore possession thereo( to the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ otherwise$ the o((icer shall oust all such persons there(ro, with the assistance$ i( necessar.$ o( appropriate peace o((icers$ and e,plo.in/ such ,eans as ,a. -e reasona-l. necessar. to reta4e possession$ and place the jud/,ent o-li/ee in possession o( such propert.2 An. costs$ da,a/es$ rents or pro(its awarded -. the jud/,ent shall -e satis(ied in the sa,e ,anner as a jud/,ent (or ,one.2 *19a+ *d+ Remo(al of impro(ements on property su'+e&t of e2e&ution2 3 <hen the propert. su-ject o( the e5ecution contains i,pro'e,ents constructed or planted -. the jud/,ent o-li/or or his a/ent$ the o((icer shall not destro.$ de,olish or re,o'e said i,pro'e,ents e5cept upon special order o( the court$ issued upon ,otion o( the jud/,ent o-li/ee a(ter the hearin/ and a(ter the (or,er has (ailed to re,o'e the sa,e within a reasona-le ti,e (i5ed -. the court2 *18a+ *e+ 1eli(ery of personal property2 3 !n jud/,ent (or the deli'er. o( personal propert.$ the o((icer shall ta4e possession o( the sa,e and (orthwith deli'er it to the part. entitled thereto and satis(. an. jud/,ent (or ,one. as therein pro'ided2 *@a+

Se%&#!n 11' 02e&ution of spe&ial +udgments2 3 <hen a jud/,ent re?uires the per(or,ance o( an. act other than those ,entioned in the two precedin/ sections$ a certi(ied cop. o( the jud/,ent shall -e attached to the writ o( e5ecution and shall -e ser'ed -. the o((icer upon the part. a/ainst who, the sa,e is rendered$ or upon an. other person re?uired there-.$ or -. law$ to o-e. the sa,e$ and such part. or person ,a. -e punished (or conte,pt i( he diso-e.s such jud/,ent2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 1(' 0ffe&t of le(y on e2e&ution as to third person2 3 The le'. on e5ecution shall create a lien in (a'or o( the jud/,ent o-li/ee o'er the ri/ht$ title and interest o( the jud/,ent o-li/or in such propert. at the ti,e o( the le'.$ su-ject to liens and encu,-rances then e5istin/2 *1:a+ Se%&#!n 1)' Property e2empt from e2e&ution2 3 E5cept as otherwise e5pressl. pro'ided -. law$ the (ollowin/ propert.$ and no other$ shall -e e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution1 *a+ The jud/,ent o-li/orEs (a,il. ho,e as pro'ided -. law$ or the ho,estead in which he resides$ and land necessaril. used in connection therewith; *-+ Ordinar. tools and i,ple,ents personall. used -. hi, in his trade$ e,plo.,ent$ or li'elihood; *c+ Three horses$ or three cows$ or three cara-aos$ or other -easts o( -urden$ such as the jud/,ent o-li/or ,a. select necessaril. used -. hi, in his ordinar. occupation; *d+ >is necessar. clothin/ and articles (or ordinar. personal use$ e5cludin/ jewelr.; *e+ >ousehold (urniture and utensils necessar. (or house4eepin/$ and used (or that purpose -. the jud/,ent o-li/or and his (a,il.$ such as the jud/,ent o-li/or ,a. select$ o( a 'alue not e5ceedin/ one hundred thousand pesos; *(+ Pro'isions (or indi'idual or (a,il. use su((icient (or (our ,onths; */+ The pro(essional li-raries and e?uip,ent o( jud/es$ law.ers$ ph.sicians$ phar,acists$ dentists$ en/ineers$ sur'e.ors$ cler/.,en$ teachers$ and other pro(essionals$ not e5ceedin/ three hundred thousand pesos in 'alue; *h+ One (ishin/ -oat and accessories not e5ceedin/ the total 'alue o( one hundred thousand pesos owned -. a (isher,an and -. the law(ul use o( which he earns his li'elihood; *i+ So ,uch o( the salaries$ wa/es$ or earnin/s o( the jud/,ent o-li/or (or his personal ser'ices within the (our ,onths precedin/ the le'. as are necessar. (or the support o( his (a,il.; *j+ Lettered /ra'estones; *4+ %onies$ -ene(its$ pri'ile/es$ or annuities accruin/ or in an. ,anner /rowin/ out o( an. li(e insurance; *l+ The ri/ht to recei'e le/al support$ or ,one. or propert. o-tained as such support$ or an. pension or /ratuit. (ro, the Bo'ern,ent; *,+ Properties speciall. e5e,pted -. law2 0ut no article or species o( propert. ,entioned in this section shall -e e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution issued upon a jud/,ent reco'ered (or its price or upon a jud/,ent o( (oreclosure o( a ,ort/a/e thereon2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1*' Return of %rit of e2e&ution2 3 The writ o( e5ecution shall -e returna-le to the court issuin/ it i,,ediatel. a(ter the jud/,ent has -een satis(ied in part or in (ull2 !( the jud/,ent cannot -e satis(ied in (ull within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter his receipt o( the writ$ the o((icer shall report to the court and state the reason there(or2 Such writ shall continue in e((ect durin/ the period within which the jud/,ent ,a. -e en(orced -. ,otion2 The o((icer shall ,a4e a report to the court e'er. thirt. *9A+ da.s on the proceedin/s ta4en thereon until the jud/,ent is satis(ied in (ull$ or its e((ecti'it.

e5pires2 The returns or periodic reports shall set (orth the whole o( the proceedin/s ta4en$ and shall -e (iled with the court and copies thereo( pro,ptl. (urnished the parties2 *11a+ Se%&#!n 1+' Noti&e of sale of property on e2e&ution2 3 0e(ore the sale o( propert. on e5ecution$ notice thereo( ,ust -e /i'en as (ollows1 *a+ !n case o( perisha-le propert.$ -. postin/ written notice o( the ti,e and place o( the sale in three *9+ pu-lic places$ pre(era-l. in conspicuous areas o( the ,unicipal or cit. hall$ post o((ice and pu-lic ,ar4et in the ,unicipalit. or cit. where the sale is to ta4e place$ (or such ti,e as ,a. -e reasona-le$ considerin/ the character and condition o( the propert.; *-+ !n case o( other personal propert.$ -. postin/ a si,ilar notice in the three *9+ pu-lic places a-o'e,entioned (or not less than (i'e *)+ da.s; *c+ !n case o( real propert.$ -. postin/ (or twent. *6A+ da.s in the three *9+ pu-lic places a-o'e,entioned a si,ilar notice particularl. descri-in/ the propert. and statin/ where the propert. is to -e sold$ and i( the assessed 'alue o( the propert. e5ceeds (i(t. thousand *P)A$AAA2AA+ pesos$ -. pu-lishin/ a cop. o( the notice once a wee4 (or two *6+ consecuti'e wee4s in one newspaper selected -. ra((le$ whether in En/lish$ Filipino$ or an. ,ajor re/ional lan/ua/e pu-lished$ edited and circulated or$ in the a-sence thereo($ ha'in/ /eneral circulation in the pro'ince or cit.; *d+ !n all cases$ written notice o( the sale shall -e /i'en to the jud/,ent o-li/or$ at least three *9+ da.s -e(ore the sale$ e5cept as pro'ided in para/raph *a+ hereo( where notice shall -e /i'en the sa,e ,anner as personal ser'ice o( pleadin/s and other papers as pro'ided -. section : o( Rule 192 The notice shall speci(. the place$ date and e5act ti,e o( the sale which should not -e earlier than nine oEcloc4 in the ,ornin/ and not later than two oEcloc4 in the a(ternoon2 The place o( the sale ,a. -e a/reed upon -. the parties2 !n the a-sence o( such a/ree,ent$ the sale o( the propert. or personal propert. not capa-le o( ,anual deli'er. shall -e held in the o((ice o( the cler4 o( court o( the Re/ional Trial ourt or the %unicipal Trial ourt which issued the writ o( or which was desi/nated -. the appellate court2 !n the case o( personal propert. capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ the sale shall -e held in the place where the propert. is located2 *1@a+ Se%&#!n 1,' Pro&eedings %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3 !( the propert. le'ied on is clai,ed -. an. person other than the jud/,ent o-li/or or his a/ent$ and such person ,a4es an a((ida'it o( his title thereto or ri/ht to the possession thereo($ statin/ the /rounds o( such ri/ht or title$ and ser'es the sa,e upon the o((icer ,a4in/ the le'. and cop. thereo($ statin/ the /rounds o( such ri/ht or tittle$ and a ser'es the sa,e upon the o((icer ,a4in/ the le'. and a cop. thereo( upon the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ the o((icer shall not -e -ound to 4eep the propert.$ unless such jud/,ent o-li/ee$ on de,and o( the o((icer$ (iles a -ond appro'ed -. the court to inde,nit. the third-part. clai,ant in a su, not less than the 'alue o( the propert. le'ied on2 !n case o( disa/ree,ent as to such 'alue$ the sa,e shall -e deter,ined -. the court issuin/ the writ o( e5ecution2 &o clai, (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( the propert. ,a. -e en(orced a/ainst the -ond unless the action there(or is (iled within one hundred twent. *16A+ da.s (ro, the date o( the (ilin/ o( the -ond2 The o((icer shall not -e lia-le (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( the propert.$ to an. third-part. clai,ant i( such -ond is (iled2 &othin/ herein contained shall pre'ent such clai,ant or an. third person (ro, 'indicatin/ his clai, to the propert. in a separate action$ or pre'ent the jud/,ent o-li/ee (ro, clai,in/ da,a/es in the sa,e or a separate action a/ainst a third-part. clai,ant who (iled a (ri'olous or plainl. spurious clai,2 <hen the writ o( e5ecution is issued in (a'or o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ or an. o((icer dul. representin/ it$ the (ilin/ o( such -ond shall not -e re?uired$ and in case the sheri(( or le'.in/ o((icer is sued (or da,a/es as a result o( the le'.$ he shall -e represented -. the Solicitor Beneral and i( held lia-le there(or$ the actual da,a/es adjud/ed -. the court shall -e paid -. the &ational Treasurer out o( such (unds as ,a. -e appropriated (or the purpose2 *17a+ Se%&#!n 17' Penalty for selling %ithout noti&e$ or remo(ing or defa&ing noti&e2 3 An o((icer sellin/ without the notice prescri-ed -. section 1) o( this Rule shall -e lia-le to pa. puniti'e da,a/es in the a,ount o( (i'e thousand *P)$AAA2AA+ pesos to an. person injured there-.$ in addition to his actual da,a/es$ -oth to -e reco'ered -. ,otion in the sa,e action; and a person will(ull. re,o'in/ or de(acin/ the notice posted$ i( done -e(ore the sale$ or -e(ore the satis(action o( the jud/,ent i( it -e satis(ied -e(ore the sale$ shall -e lia-le to pa. (i'e thousand *P)$AAA2AA+ pesos to

an. person injured -. reason thereo($ in addition to his actual da,a/es$ to -e reco'ered -. ,otion in the sa,e action2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 11' No sale if +udgment and &osts paid2 3 At an. ti,e -e(ore the sale o( propert. on e5ecution$ the jud/,ent o-li/or ,a. pre'ent the sale -. pa.in/ the a,ount re?uired -. the e5ecution and the costs that ha'e -een incurred therein2 *6Aa+ Se%&#!n 19' 8o% property sold on e2e&ution; %ho may dire&t manner and order of sale2 3 All sales o( propert. under e5ecution ,ust -e ,ade at pu-lic auction$ to the hi/hest -idder$ to start at the e5act ti,e (i5ed in the notice2 A(ter su((icient propert. has -een sold to satis(. the e5ecution$ no ,ore shall -e sold and an. e5cess propert. or proceeds o( the sale shall -e pro,ptl. deli'ered to the jud/,ent o-li/or or his authori7ed representati'e$ unless otherwise directed -. the jud/,ent or order o( the court2 <hen the sale is o( real propert.$ consistin/ o( se'eral 4nown lots$ the. ,ust -e sold separatel.; or$ when a portion o( such real propert. is clai,ed -. a third person$ he ,a. re?uire it to -e sold separatel.2 <hen the sale is o( personal propert. capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ it ,ust -e sold within 'iew o( those attendin/ the sa,e and in such parcels as are li4el. to -rin/ the hi/hest price2 The jud/,ent o-li/or$ i( present at the sale$ ,a. direct the order in which propert.$ real or personal shall -e sold$ when such propert. consists o( se'eral 4nown lots or parcels which can -e sold to ad'anta/e separatel.2 &either the o((icer conductin/ the e5ecution sale$ nor his deputies$ can -eco,e a purchaser$ nor -e interested directl. or indirectl. in an. purchase at such sale2 *61a+ Se%&#!n (2' Refusal of pur&haser to pay2 3 !( a purchaser re(uses to pa. the a,ount -id -. hi, (or propert. struc4 o(( to hi, at a sale under e5ecution$ the o((icer ,a. a/ain sell the propert. to the hi/hest -idder and shall not -e responsi-le (or an. loss occasioned there-.; -ut the court ,a. order the re(usin/ purchaser to pa. into the court the a,ount o( such loss$ with costs$ and ,a. punish hi, (or conte,pt i( he diso-e.s the order2 The a,ount o( such pa.,ent shall -e (or the -ene(it o( the person entitled to the proceeds o( the e5ecution$ unless the e5ecution has -een (ull. satis(ied$ in which e'ent such proceeds shall -e (or the -ene(it o( the jud/,ent o-li/or2 The o((icer ,a. therea(ter reject an. su-se?uent -id o( such purchaser who re(uses to pa.2 *66a+ Se%&#!n (1' *udgment o'ligee as pur&haser2 3 <hen the purchaser is the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ and no third-part. clai, has -een (iled$ he need not pa. the a,ount o( the -id i( it does not e5ceed the a,ount o( his jud/,ent2 !( it does$ he shall pa. onl. the e5cess2 *69a+ Se%&#!n ((' Ad+ournment of sale2 3 0. written consent o( the jud/,ent o-li/or and o-li/ee$ or their dul. authori7ed representati'es$ the o((icer ,a. adjourn the sale to an. date and ti,e a/reed upon -. the,2 <ithout such a/ree,ent$ he ,a. adjourn the sale (ro, da. to da. i( it -eco,es necessar. to do so (or lac4 o( ti,e to co,plete the sale on the da. (i5ed in the notice or the da. to which it was adjourned2 *68a+ Se%&#!n ()' Con(eyan&e to pur&haser of personal property &apa'le of manual deli(ery2 3 <hen the purchaser o( an. personal propert.$ capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ pa.s the purchase price$ the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale ,ust deli'er the propert. to the purchaser and$ i( desired$ e5ecute and deli'er to hi, a certi(icate o( sale2 The sale con'e.s to the purchaser all the ri/hts which the jud/,ent o-li/or had in such propert. as o( the date o( the le'. on e5ecution or preli,inar. attach,ent2 *6)a+ Se%&#!n (*' Con(eyan&e to pur&haser of personal property not &apa'le of manual deli(ery2 3 <hen the purchaser o( an. personal propert.$ not capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ pa.s the purchase price$ the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale ,ust e5ecute and deli'er to the purchaser a certi(icate o( sale2 Such certi(icate con'e.s to the purchaser all the ri/hts which the jud/,ent o-li/or had in such propert. as o( the date o( the le'. on e5ecution or preli,inar. attach,ent2 *6:a+ Se%&#!n (+' Con(eyan&e of real property; &ertifi&ate thereof gi(en to pur&haser and filed %ith registry of deeds2 3 Upon a sale o( real propert.$ the o((icer ,ust /i'e to the purchaser a certi(icate o( sale containin/1 *a+ A particular description o( the real propert. sold; *-+ The price paid (or each distinct lot or parcel; *c+ The whole price paid -. hi,;

*d+ A state,ent that the ri/ht o( rede,ption e5pires one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the certi(icate o( sale2 Such certi(icate ,ust -e re/istered in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place where the propert. is situated2 *67 a+ Se%&#!n (,' Certifi&ate of sale %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3 <hen a propert. sold -. 'irtue o( a writ o( e5ecution has -een clai,ed -. a third person$ the certi(icate o( sale to -e issued -. the sheri(( pursuant to sections 69$ 68 and 6) o( this Rule shall ,a4e e5press ,ention o( the e5istence o( such third-part. clai,2 *6@a+ Se%&#!n (7' ,ho may redeem real property so sold2 3 Real propert. sold as pro'ided in the last precedin/ section$ or an. part thereo( sold separatel.$ ,a. -e redee,ed in the ,anner hereina(ter pro'ided$ -. the (ollowin/ persons1 *a+ The jud/,ent o-li/or; or his successor in interest in the whole or an. part o( the propert.; *-+ A creditor ha'in/ a lien -. 'irtue o( an attach,ent$ jud/,ent or ,ort/a/e on the propert. sold$ or on so,e part thereo($ su-se?uent to the lien under which the propert. was sold2 Such redee,in/ creditor is ter,ed a rede,ptioner2 *69a+ Se%&#!n (1' #ime and manner of, and amounts paya'le on$ su&&essi(e redemptions; noti&e to 'e gi(en and filed2 3 The jud/,ent o-li/or$ or rede,ptioner$ ,a. redee, the propert. (ro, the purchaser$ at an. ti,e within one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the certi(icate o( sale$ -. pa.in/ the purchaser the a,ount o( his purchase$ with the per &entum per ,onth interest thereon in addition$ up to the ti,e o( rede,ption$ to/ether with the a,ount o( an. assess,ents or ta5es which the purchaser ,a. ha'e paid thereon a(ter purchase$ and interest on such last na,ed a,ount at the sa,e rate; and i( the purchaser -e also a creditor ha'in/ a prior lien to that o( the rede,ptioner$ other than the jud/,ent under which such purchase was ,ade$ the a,ount o( such other lien$ with interest2 Propert. so redee,ed ,a. a/ain -e redee,ed within si5t. *:A+ da.s a(ter the last rede,ption upon pa.,ent o( the su, paid on the last rede,ption$ with two per &entum thereon in addition and the a,ount o( an. assess,ents or ta5es which the last rede,ptioner ,a. ha'e paid thereon a(ter rede,ption -. hi,$ with interest on such last na,ed a,ount$ and in addition$ the a,ount o( an. liens held -. said last rede,ptioner prior to his own$ with interest2 The propert. ,a. -e a/ain$ and as o(ten as a rede,ptioner is so disposed$ redee,ed (ro, an. pre'ious rede,ptioner within si5t. *:A+ da.s a(ter the last rede,ption$ on pa.in/ the su, paid on the last pre'ious rede,ption$ with two per &entum thereon in addition$ and the a,ounts o( an. assess,ents or ta5es which the last pre'ious rede,ptioner paid a(ter the rede,ption thereon$ with interest thereon$ and the a,ount o( an. liens held -. the last rede,ptioner prior to his own$ with interest2 <ritten notice o( an. rede,ption ,ust -e /i'en to the o((icer who ,ade the sale and a duplicate (iled with the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place$ and i( an. assess,ents or ta5es are paid -. the rede,ptioner or i( he has or ac?uires an. lien other than that upon which the rede,ption was ,ade$ notice thereo( ,ust in li4e ,anner -e /i'en to the o((icer and (iled with the re/istr. o( deeds; i( such notice -e not (iled$ the propert. ,a. -e redee,ed without pa.in/ such assess,ents$ ta5es$ or liens2 *9Aa+ Se%&#!n (9' 0ffe&t of redemption 'y +udgment o'ligor$ and a &ertifi&ate to 'e deli(ered and re&orded thereupon; to %hom payments on redemption made2 3 !( the jud/,ent o-li/or redee,s he ,ust ,a4e the sa,e pa.,ents as are re?uired to e((ect a rede,ption -. a rede,ptioner$ whereupon$ no (urther rede,ption shall -e allowed and he is restored to his estate2 The person to who, the rede,ption pa.,ent is ,ade ,ust e5ecute and deli'er to hi, a certi(icate o( rede,ption ac4nowled/ed -e(ore a notar. pu-lic or other o((icer authori7ed to ta4e ac4nowled/,ents o( con'e.ances o( real propert.2 Such certi(icate ,ust -e (iled and recorded in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place in which the propert. is situated and the re/istrar o( deeds ,ust note the record thereo( on the ,ar/in o( the record o( the certi(icate o( sale2 The pa.,ents ,entioned in this and the last precedin/ sections ,a. -e ,ade to the purchaser or rede,ptioner$ or (or hi, to the o((icer who ,ade the sale2 *91a+ Se%&#!n )2' Proof re;uired of redemptioner2 3 A rede,ptioner ,ust produce to the o((icer$ or person (ro, who, he see4s to redee,$ and ser'e with his notice to the o((icer a cop. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order under which he clai,s the ri/ht to redee,$ certi(ied -. the cler4 o( the court wherein the jud/,ent or (inal order is entered$ or$ i( he redee,s upon a ,ort/a/e or other lien$ a ,e,orandu, o( the record thereo($ certi(ied -. the re/istrar o( deeds$ or an ori/inal or certi(ied cop. o( an. assi/n,ent necessar. to esta-lish his clai,; and an a((ida'it e5ecuted -. hi, or his a/ent$ showin/ the a,ount then actuall. due on the lien2 *96a+

Se%&#!n )1' Manner of using premises pending redemption; %aste restrained2 3 Until the e5piration o( the ti,e allowed (or rede,ption$ the court ,a.$ as in other proper cases$ restrain the co,,ission o( waste on the propert. -. injunction$ on the application o( the purchaser or the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ with or without notice; -ut it is not waste (or a person in possession o( the propert. at the ti,e o( the sale$ or entitled to possession a(terwards$ durin/ the period allowed (or rede,ption$ to continue to use it in the sa,e ,anner in which it was pre'iousl. used$ or to use it in the ordinar. course o( hus-andr.; or to ,a4e the necessar. repairs to -uildin/s thereon while he occupies the propert.2 *99a+ Se%&#!n )(' Rents$ earnings and in&ome of property pending redemption2 3 The purchaser or a rede,ptioner shall not -e entitled to recei'e the rents$ earnin/s and inco,e o( the propert. sold on e5ecution$ or the 'alue o( the use and occupation thereo( when such propert. is in the possession o( a tenant2 All rents$ earnin/s and inco,e deri'ed (ro, the propert. pendin/ rede,ption shall -elon/ to the jud/,ent o-li/or until the e5piration o( his period o( rede,ption2 *98a+ Se%&#!n ))' 1eed and possession to 'e gi(en at e2piration of redemption period; 'y %hom e2e&uted or gi(en2 3 !( no rede,ption -e ,ade within one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the certi(icate o( sale$ the purchaser is entitled to a con'e.ance and possession o( the propert.; or$ i( so redee,ed whene'er si5t. *:A+ da.s ha'e elapsed and no other rede,ption has -een ,ade$ and notice thereo( /i'en$ and the ti,e (or rede,ption has e5pired$ the last rede,ptioner is entitled to the con'e.ance and possession; -ut in all cases the jud/,ent o-li/or shall ha'e the entire period o( one *1+ .ear (ro, the date o( the re/istration o( the sale to redee, the propert.2 The deed shall -e e5ecuted -. the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale or -. his successor in o((ice$ and in the latter case shall ha'e the sa,e 'alidit. as thou/h the o((icer ,a4in/ the sale had continued in o((ice and e5ecuted it2 Upon the e5piration o( the ri/ht o( rede,ption$ the purchaser or rede,ptioner shall -e su-stituted to and ac?uire all the ri/hts$ title$ interest and clai, o( the jud/,ent o-li/or to the propert. as o( the ti,e o( the le'.2 The possession o( the propert. shall -e /i'en to the purchaser or last rede,ptioner -. the sa,e o((icer unless a third part. ad'ersel. to the jud/,ent o-li/or2 *9)a+ Se%&#!n )*' Re&o(ery of pri&e if sale not effe&ti(e; re(i(al of +udgment2 3 !( the purchaser o( real propert. sold on e5ecution$ or his successor in interest$ (ails to reco'er the possession thereo($ or is e'icted there(ro,$ in conse?uence o( irre/ularities in the proceedin/s concernin/ the sale$ or -ecause the jud/,ent has -een re'ersed or set aside$ or -ecause the propert. sold was e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution$ or -ecause a third person has 'indicated his clai, to the propert.$ he ,a. on ,otion in the sa,e action or in a separate action reco'er (ro, the jud/,ent o-li/ee the price paid$ with interest$ or so ,uch thereo( as has not -een deli'ered to the jud/,ent o-li/or$ or he ,a.$ on ,otion$ ha'e the ori/inal jud/,ent re'i'ed in his na,e (or the whole price with interest$ or so ,uch thereo( as has -een deli'ered to the jud/,ent o-li/or2 The jud/,ent so re'i'ed shall ha'e the sa,e (orce and e((ect as an ori/inal jud/,ent would ha'e as o( the date o( the re'i'al and no ,ore2 *9:a+ Se%&#!n )+' Right to &ontri'ution or reim'ursement2 3 <hen propert. lia-le to an e5ecution a/ainst se'eral persons is sold thereon$ and ,ore than a due proportion o( the jud/,ent is satis(ied out o( the proceeds o( the sale o( the propert. o( one o( the,$ or one o( the, pa.s$ without a sale$ ,ore than his proportion$ he ,a. co,pel a contri-ution (ro, the others; and when a jud/,ent is upon an o-li/ation o( one o( the,$ as securit. (or another$ and the suret. pa.s the a,ount$ or an. part thereo($ either -. sale o( his propert. or -e(ore sale$ he ,a. co,pel repa.,ent (ro, the principal2 *97a+ Se%&#!n ),' 02amination of +udgment o'ligor %hen +udgment unsatisfied2 3 <hen the return o( a writ o( e5ecution issued a/ainst propert. o( a jud/,ent o-li/or$ or an. one o( se'eral o-li/ors in the sa,e jud/,ent$ shows that the jud/,ent re,ains unsatis(ied$ in whole or in part$ the jud/,ent o-li/ee$ at an. ti,e a(ter such return is ,ade$ shall -e entitled to an order (ro, the court which rendered the said jud/,ent$ re?uirin/ such jud/,ent o-li/or to appear and -e e5a,ined concernin/ his propert. and inco,e -e(ore such court or -e(ore a co,,issioner appointed -. it at a speci(ied ti,e and place; and proceedin/s ,a. thereupon -e had (or the application o( the propert. and inco,e o( the jud/,ent o-li/or towards the satis(action o( the jud/,ent2 0ut no jud/,ent o-li/or shall -e so re?uired to appear -e(ore a court or co,,issioner outside the pro'ince or cit. in which such o-li/or resides or is (ound2 *9@a+ Se%&#!n )7' 02amination of o'ligor of +udgment o'ligor2 3 <hen the return o( a writ o( e5ecution a/ainst the propert. o( a jud/,ent o-li/or shows that the jud/,ent re,ain unsatis(ied$ in whole or in part$ and upon proo( to the satis(action o( the court which issued the writ$ that a person$ corporation$ or other juridical entit. has propert. o( such jud/,ent o-li/or or is inde-ted to hi,$ the court ,a.$ -. an order$ re?uire such person$ corporation$ or other juridical entit.$ or an. o((icer$ or ,e,-er thereo($ to appear -e(ore the court or a co,,issioner appointed -. it$ at a ti,e and place within the pro'ince or cit. where such de-tor resides or is (ound$ and -e e5a,ined concernin/ the sa,e2 The

ser'ice o( the order shall -ind all credits due the jud/,ent o-li/or and all ,one. and propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or in the possession or in the control o( such person corporation$ or juridical entit. (ro, the ti,e o( ser'ice; and the court ,a. also re?uire notice o( such proceedin/s to -e /i'en to an. part. to the action in such ,anner as it ,a. dee, proper2 *99a+ Se%&#!n )1' 0nfor&ement of attendan&e and &ondu&t of e2amination2 3 A part. or other person ,a. -e co,pelled$ -. an order or su-poena$ to attend -e(ore the court or co,,issioner to testi(. as pro'ided in the two precedin/ sections$ and upon (ailure to o-e. such order or su-poena or to -e sworn$ or to answer as a witness or to su-scri-e his deposition$ ,a. -e punished (or conte,pt as in other cases2 E5a,inations shall not -e undul. prolon/ed$ -ut the proceedin/s ,a. -e adjourned (ro, ti,e to ti,e$ until the. are co,pleted2 !( the e5a,ination is -e(ore a co,,issioner$ he ,ust ta4e it in writin/ and certi(. it to the court2 All e5a,inations and answers -e(ore a court co,,issioner ,ust -e under oath$ and when a corporation or other juridical entit. answers$ it ,ust -e on the oath o( an authori7ed o((icer or a/ent thereo(2 *8Aa+ Se%&#!n )9' )'ligor may pay e2e&ution against o'ligee2 3 A(ter a writ o( e5ecution a/ainst propert. has -een issued$ a person inde-ted to the jud/,ent o-li/or ,a. pa. to the sheri(( holdin/ the writ o( e5ecution the a,ount o( his de-t or so ,uch thereo( as ,a. -e necessar. to satis(. the jud/,ent$ in the ,anner prescri-ed in section 9 o( this Rule$ and the sheri((Es receipt shall -e a su((icient dischar/e (or the a,ount so paid or directed to -e credited -. the jud/,ent o-li/ee on the e5ecution2 *81a+ Se%&#!n *2' )rder for appli&ation of property and in&ome to satisfa&tion of +udgment2 3 The court ,a. order an. propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ or ,one. due hi,$ not e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution$ in the hands o( either hi,sel( or another person$ or o( a corporation or other juridical entit.$ to -e applied to the satis(action o( the jud/,ent$ su-ject to an. prior ri/hts o'er such propert.2 !($ upon in'esti/ation o( his current inco,e and e5penses$ it appears that the earnin/s o( the jud/,ent o-li/or (or his personal ser'ices are ,ore than necessar. (or the support o( his (a,il.$ the court ,a. order that he pa. the jud/,ent in (i5ed ,onthl. install,ents$ and upon his (ailure to pa. an. such install,ent when due without /ood e5cuse$ ,a. punish hi, (or indirect conte,pt2 *86a+ Se%&#!n *1' Appointment of re&ei(er2 3 The court ,a. appoint a recei'er o( the propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or; and it ,a. also (or-id a trans(er or other disposition o($ or an. inter(erence with$ the propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or not e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution2 *89a+ Se%&#!n *(' Sale of as&ertaina'le interest of +udgment o'ligor in real estate2 3 !( it appears that the jud/,ent o-li/or has an interest in real estate in the place in which proceedin/s are had$ as ,ort/a/or or ,ort/a/ee or other- wise$ and his interest therein can -e ascertained without contro'ers. the recei'er ,a. -e ordered to sell and con'e. such real estate or the interest o( the o-li/or therein; and such sale shall -e conducted in all respects in the sa,e ,anner as is pro'ided (or the sale o( real state upon e5ecution$ and the proceedin/s thereon shall -e appro'ed -. the court -e(ore the e5ecution o( the deed2 *98a+ Se%&#!n *)' Pro&eedings %hen inde'tedness denied or another person &laims the property2 3 !( it appears that a person or corporation$ alle/ed to ha'e propert. o( the jud/,ent o-li/or or to -e inde-ted to hi,$ clai,s an interest in the propert. ad'erse to hi, or denied the de-t$ the court ,a. authori7e$ -. an order ,ade to that e((ect$ the jud/,ent o-li/ee to institute an action a/ainst such person or corporation (or the reco'er. o( such interest or de-t$ (or-id a trans(er or other disposition o( such interest or de-t within one hundred twent. *16A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the order$ and ,a. punish diso-edience o( such order as (or conte,pt2 Such order ,a. -e ,odi(ied or 'acated at an. ti,e -. the court which issued it$ or -. the court in which the action is -rou/ht$ upon such ter,s as ,a. -e just2 *8)a+ Se%&#!n **' 0ntry of satisfa&tion of +udgment 'y &ler/ of &ourt2 3 Satis(action o( a jud/,ent shall -e entered -. the cler4 o( court in the court doc4et$ and in the e5ecution -oo4$ upon the return o( a writ o( e5ecution showin/ the (ull satis(action o( the jud/,ent$ or upon the (ilin/ o( an ad,ission to the satis(action o( the jud/,ent e5ecuted and ac4nowled/ed in the sa,e ,anner as a con'e.ance o( real propert. -. the jud/,ent o-li/ee or -. his counsel unless a re'ocation o( his authorit. is (iled$ or upon the endorse,ent o( such ad,ission -. the jud/,ent o-li/ee or his counsel$ on the (ace o( the record o( the jud/,ent2 *8:a+ Se%&#!n *+' 0ntry of satisfa&tion %ith or %ithout admission2 3 <hene'er a jud/,ent is satis(ied in (act$ or otherwise than upon an e5ecution on de,and o( the jud/,ent o-li/or$ the jud/,ent o-li/ee or his counsel ,ust e5ecute and ac4nowled/e$ or indorse an ad,ission o( the satis(action as pro'ided in the last precedin/ section$ and a(ter notice

and upon ,otion the court ,a. order either the jud/,ent o-li/ee or his counsel to do so$ or ,a. order the entr. o( satis(action to -e ,ade without such ad,ission2 *87a+ Se%&#!n *,' ,hen prin&ipal 'ound 'y +udgment against surety2 3 <hen a jud/,ent is rendered a/ainst a part. who stands as suret. (or another$ the latter is also -ound (ro, the ti,e that he has notice o( the action or proceedin/$ and an opportunit. at the suret.Es re?uest to join in the de(ense2 *8@a+ Se%&#!n *7' 0ffe&t of +udgments or final orders2 3 The e((ect o( a jud/,ent or (inal order rendered -. a court o( the Philippines$ ha'in/ jurisdiction to pronounce the jud/,ent or (inal order$ ,a. -e as (ollows1 *a+ !n case o( a jud/,ent or (inal order a/ainst a speci(ic thin/$ or in respect to the pro-ate o( a will$ or the ad,inistration o( the estate o( a deceased person$ or in respect to the personal$ political$ or le/al condition or status o( a particular person or his relationship to another$ the jud/,ent or (inal order is conclusi'e upon the title to the thin/$ the will or ad,inistration or the condition$ status or relationship o( the person$ howe'er$ the pro-ate o( a will or /rantin/ o( letters o( ad,inistration shall onl. -e prima fa&ie e'idence o( the death o( the testator or intestate; *-+ !n other cases$ the jud/,ent or (inal order is$ with respect to the ,atter directl. adjud/ed or as to an. other ,atter that could ha'e -een ,issed in relation thereto$ conclusi'e -etween the parties and their successors in interest$ -. title su-se?uent to the co,,ence,ent o( the action or special proceedin/$ liti/atin/ (or the sa,e thin/ and under the sa,e title and in the sa,e capacit.; and *c+ !n an. other liti/ation -etween the sa,e parties or their successors in interest$ that onl. is dee,ed to ha'e -een adjud/ed in a (or,er jud/,ent or (inal order which appears upon its (ace to ha'e -een so adjud/ed$ or which was actuall. and necessaril. included therein or necessar. thereto2 *89a+ Se%&#!n *1' 0ffe&t of foreign +udgments or final orders2 3 The e((ect o( a jud/,ent or (inal order o( a tri-unal o( a (orei/n countr.$ ha'in/ jurisdiction to render the jud/,ent or (inal order is as (ollows1 *a+ !n case o( a jud/,ent or (inal order upon a speci(ic thin/$ the jud/,ent or (inal order$ is conclusi'e upon the title to the thin/$ and *-+ !n case o( a jud/,ent or (inal order a/ainst a person$ the jud/,ent or (inal order is presu,pti'e e'idence o( a ri/ht as -etween the parties and their successors in interest -. a su-se?uent title2 !n either case$ the jud/,ent or (inal order ,a. -e repelled -. e'idence o( a want o( jurisdiction$ want o( notice to the part.$ collusion$ (raud$ or clear ,ista4e o( law or (act2 *)Aa+

A77ea $

RULE *2 A77ea Fr!3 M/n#%#7a Tr#a C!/r&$ &! &9e Re4#!na Tr#a C!/r&$ Se%&#!n 1' ,here to appeal2 3 An appeal (ro, a jud/,ent or (inal order o( a %unicipal Trial ourt ,a. -e ta4en to the Re/ional Trial ourt e5ercisin/ jurisdiction o'er the area to which the (or,er pertains2 The title o( the case shall re,ain as it was in the court o( ori/in$ -ut the part. appealin/ the case shall -e (urther re(erred to as the appellant and the ad'erse part. as the appellee2 *a+ Se%&#!n (' ,hen to appeal2 3 An appeal ,a. -e ta4en within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter notice to the appellant o( the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,2 <here a record on appeal is re?uired$ the appellant shall (ile a notice o( appeal and a record on appeal within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order2

The period o( appeal shall -e interrupted -. a ti,el. ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration2 &o ,otion (or e5tension o( ti,e to (ile a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall -e allowed2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' 8o% to appeal2 3 The appeal is ta4en -. (ilin/ a notice o( appeal with the court that rendered the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,2 The notice o( appeal shall indicate the parties to the appeal$ the jud/,ent or (inal order or part thereo( appealed (ro,$ and state the ,aterial dates showin/ the ti,eliness o( the appeal2 A record on appeal shall -e re?uired onl. in special proceedin/s and in other cases o( ,ultiple or separate appeals2 The (or, and contents o( the record on appeal shall -e as pro'ided in section :$ Rule 812 opies o( the notice o( appeal$ and the record on appeal where re?uired$ shall -e ser'ed on the ad'erse part.2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Perfe&tion of appeal; effe&t thereof. 3 The per(ection o( the appeal and the e((ect thereo( shall -e /o'erned -. the pro'isions o( section 9$ Rule 812 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Appellate &ourt do&/et and other la%ful fees2 3 <ithin the period (or ta4in/ an appeal$ the appellant shall pa. to the cler4 o( the court which rendered the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro, the (ull a,ount o( the appellate court doc4et and other law(ul (ees2 Proo( o( pa.,ent thereo( shall -e trans,itted to the appellate court to/ether with the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ as the case ,a. -e2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' 1uty of the &ler/ of &ourt2 3 <ithin (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, the per(ection o( the appeal$ the cler4 o( court or the -ranch cler4 o( court o( the lower court shall trans,it the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ to/ether with the transcripts and e5hi-its$ which he shall certi(. as co,plete$ to the proper Re/ional Trial ourt2 A cop. o( his letter o( trans,ittal o( the records to the appellate court shall -e (urnished the parties2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Pro&edure in the Regional #rial Court2 3 *a+ Upon receipt o( the co,plete record or the record on appeal$ the cler4 o( court o( the Re/ional Trial ourt shall noti(. the parties o( such (act2 *-+ <ithin (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, such notice$ it shall -e the dut. o( the appellant to su-,it a ,e,orandu, which shall -rie(l. discuss the errors i,puted to the lower court$ a cop. o( which shall -e (urnished -. hi, to the ad'erse part.2 <ithin (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the appellantEs ,e,orandu,$ the appellee ,a. (ile his ,e,orandu,2 Failure o( the appellant to (ile a ,e,orandu, shall -e a /round (or dis,issal o( the appeal2 *c+ Upon the (ilin/ o( the ,e,orandu, o( the appellee$ or the e5piration o( the period to do so$ the case shall -e considered su-,itted (or decision2 The Re/ional Trial ourt shall decide the case on the -asis o( the entire record o( the proceedin/s had in the court o( ori/inal and such ,e,oranda as are (iled2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' Appeal from orders dismissing &ase %ithout trial; la&/ of +urisdi&tion2 3 !( an appeal is ta4en (ro, an order o( the lower court dis,issin/ the case without a trial on the ,erits$ the Re/ional Trial ourt ,a. a((ir, or re'erse it$ as the case ,a. -e2 !n case o( a((ir,ance and the /round o( dis,issal is lac4 o( jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter$ the Re/ional Trial ourt$ i( it has jurisdiction thereo'er$ shall tr. the case on the ,erits as i( the case was ori/inall. (iled with it2 !n case o( re'ersal$ the case shall -e re,anded (or (urther proceedin/s2 !( the case was tried on the ,erits -. the lower court without jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter$ the Re/ional Trial ourt on appeal shall not dis,iss the case i( it has ori/inal jurisdiction thereo($ -ut shall decide the case in accordance with the precedin/ section$ without prejudice to the ad,ission o( a,ended pleadin/s and additional e'idence in the interest o( justice2 *n+ Se%&#!n 9' Appli&a'ility of Rule > 2 3 The other pro'isions o( Rule 81 shall appl. to appeals pro'ided (or herein inso(ar as the. are not inconsistent with or ,a. ser'e to supple,ent the pro'isions o( this Rule2 *n+

RULE *1 A77ea Fr!3 T9e Re4#!na Tr#a C!/r&$ Se%&#!n 1' Su'+e&t of appeal2 3 An appeal ,a. -e ta4en (ro, a jud/,ent or (inal order that co,pletel. disposes o( the case$ or o( a particular ,atter therein when declared -. these Rules to -e appeala-le2 &o appeal ,a. -e ta4en (ro,1 *a+ An order den.in/ a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration; *-+ An order den.in/ a petition (or relie( or an. si,ilar ,otion see4in/ relie( (ro, jud/,ent; *c+ An interlocutor. order; *d+ An order disallowin/ or dis,issin/ an appeal; *e+ An order den.in/ a ,otion to set aside a jud/,ent -. consent$ con(ession or co,pro,ise on the /round o( (raud$ ,ista4e or duress$ or an. other /round 'itiatin/ consent; *(+ An order o( e5ecution; */+ A jud/,ent or (inal order (or or a/ainst one or ,ore o( se'eral parties or in separate clai,s$ counterclai,s$ cross-clai,s and third-part. co,plaints$ while the ,ain case is pendin/$ unless the court allows an appeal there(ro,; and *h+ An order dis,issin/ an action without prejudice2 !n all the a-o'e instances where the jud/,ent or (inal order is not appeala-le$ the a//rie'ed part. ,a. (ile an appropriate special ci'il action under Rule :)2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Modes of appeal2 3 *a+ )rdinary appeal2 3 The appeal to the ourt o( Appeals in cases decided -. the Re/ional Trial ourt in the e5ercise o( its ori/inal jurisdiction shall -e ta4en -. (ilin/ a notice o( appeal with the court which rendered the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro, and ser'in/ a cop. thereo( upon the ad'erse part.2 &o record on appeal shall -e re?uired e5cept in special proceedin/s and other cases o( ,ultiple or separate appeals where law on these Rules so re?uire2 !n such cases$ the record on appeal shall -e (iled and ser'ed in li4e ,anner2 *-+ Petition for re(ie%2 3 The appeal to the ourt o( Appeals in cases decided -. the Re/ional Trial ourt in the e5ercise o( its appellate jurisdiction shall -e -. petition (or re'iew in accordance with Rule 862 *c+ Appeal 'y &ertiorari2 3 !n all cases where onl. ?uestions o( law are raised or in'ol'ed$ the appeal shall -e to the Supre,e ourt -. petition (or re'iew on &ertiorari in accordance with the Rule 8)2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Period of ordinary appeal2 3 The appeal shall -e ta4en within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,2 <here a record on appeal is re?uired$ the appellant shall (ile a notice o( appeal and a record on appeal within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order2 The period o( appeal shall -e interrupted -. a ti,el. ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration2 &o ,otion (or e5tension o( ti,e to (ile a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration shall -e allowed2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Appellate &ourt do&/et and other la%ful fees2 3 <ithin the period (or ta4in/ an appeal$ the appellant shall pa. to the cler4 o( the court which rendered the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,$ the (ull a,ount o( the

appellate court doc4et and other law(ul (ees2 Proo( o( pa.,ent o( said (ees shall -e trans,itted to the appellate court to/ether with the ori/inal record or the record on appeal2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Noti&e of appeal2 3 The notice o( appeal shall indicate the parties to the appeal$ speci(. the jud/,ent or (inal order or part thereo( appealed (ro,$ speci(. the court to which the appeal is -ein/ ta4en$ and state the ,aterial dates showin/ the ti,eliness o( the appeal2 *8a+ Se%&#!n ,' Re&ord on appeal; form and &ontents thereof. 3 The (ull na,es o( all the parties to the proceedin/s shall -e stated in the caption o( the record on appeal and it shall include the jud/,ent or (inal order (ro, which the appeal is ta4en and$ in chronolo/ical order$ copies o( onl. such pleadin/s$ petitions$ ,otions and all interlocutor. orders as are related to the appealed jud/,ent or (inal order (or the proper understandin/ o( the issue in'ol'ed$ to/ether with such data as will show that the appeal was per(ected on ti,e2 !( an issue o( (act is to -e raised on appeal$ the record on appeal shall include -. re(erence all the e'idence$ testi,onial and docu,entar.$ ta4en upon the issue in'ol'ed2 The re(erence shall speci(. the docu,entar. e'idence -. the e5hi-it nu,-ers or letters -. which it was identi(ied when ad,itted or o((ered at the hearin/$ and the testi,onial e'idence -. the na,es o( the correspondin/ witnesses2 !( the whole testi,onial and docu,entar. e'idence in the case is to -e included$ a state,ent to that e((ect will -e su((icient without ,entionin/ the na,es o( the witnesses or the nu,-ers or letters o( e5hi-its2 E'er. record on appeal e5ceedin/ twent. *6A+ pa/es ,ust contain a su-ject inde52 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Appro(al of re&ord on appeal2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the record on appeal (or appro'al and i( no o-jection is (iled -. the appellee within (i'e *)+ da.s (ro, receipt o( a cop. thereo($ the trial court ,a. appro'e it as presented or upon its own ,otion or at the instance o( the appellee$ ,a. direct its a,end,ent -. the inclusion o( an. o,itted ,atters which are dee,ed essential to the deter,ination o( the issue o( law or (act in'ol'ed in the appeal2 !( the trial court orders the a,end,ent o( the record$ the appellant$ within the ti,e li,ited in the order$ or such e5tension thereo( as ,a. -e /ranted$ or i( no ti,e is (i5ed -. the order within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, receipt thereo($ shall redra(t the record -. includin/ therein$ in their proper chronolo/ical se?uence$ such additional ,atters as the court ,a. ha'e directed hi, to incorporate$ and shall thereupon su-,it the redra(ted record (or appro'al$ upon notice to the appellee$ in li4e ,anner as the ori/inal dra(t2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' *oint re&ord on appeal2 3 <here -oth parties are appellants$ the. ,a. (ile a joint record on appeal within the ti,e (i5ed -. section 9 o( this Rule$ or that (i5ed -. the court2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' Perfe&tion of appeal; effe&t thereof. 3 A part.Es appeal -. notice o( appeal is dee,ed per(ected as to hi, upon the (ilin/ o( the notice o( appeal in due ti,e2 A part.Es appeal -. record on appeal is dee,ed per(ected as to hi, with respect to the su-ject ,atter thereo( upon the appro'al o( the record on appeal (iled in due ti,e2 !n appeals -. notice o( appeal$ the court loses jurisdiction o'er the case upon the per(ection o( the appeals (iled in due ti,e and the e5piration o( the ti,e to appeal o( the other parties2 !n appeals -. record on appeal$ the court loses jurisdiction onl. o'er the su-ject ,atter thereo( upon the appro'al o( the records on appeal (iled in due ti,e and the e5piration o( the appeal o( the other parties2 !n either case$ prior to the trans,ittal o( the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ the court ,a. issue orders (or the protection and preser'ation o( the ri/hts o( the parties which do not in'ol'e an. ,atter liti/ated -. the appeal$ appro'e co,pro,ises$ per,it appeals o( indi/ent liti/ants$ order e5ecution pendin/ appeal in accordance with 6 o( Rule 99$ and allow withdrawal o( the appeal2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 12' 1uty of &ler/ of &ourt of the lo%er &ourt upon perfe&tion of appeal2 3 <ithin thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter per(ection o( all the appeals in accordance with the precedin/ section$ it shall -e the dut. o( the cler4 o( court o( the lower court1 *a+ To 'eri(. the correctness o( the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ as the case ,a. -e aid to ,a4e certi(ication o( its correctness; *-+ To 'eri(. the co,pleteness o( the records that will -e$ trans,itted to the appellate court;

*c+ !( (ound to -e inco,plete$ to ta4e such ,easures as ,a. -e re?uired to co,plete the records$ a'ailin/ o( the authorit. that he or the court ,a. e5ercise (or this purpose; and *d+ To trans,it the records to the appellate court2 !( the e((orts to co,plete the records (ail$ he shall indicate in his letter o( trans,ittal the e5hi-its or transcripts not included in the records -ein/ trans,itted to the appellate court$ the reasons (or their non-trans,ittal$ and the steps ta4en or that could -e ta4en to ha'e the, a'aila-le2 The cler4 o( court shall (urnish the parties with copies o( his letter o( trans,ittal o( the records to the appellate court2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 11' #rans&ript2 3 Upon the per(ection o( the appeal$ the cler4 shall i,,ediatel. direct the steno/raphers concerned to attach to the record o( the case (i'e *)+ copies o( the transcripts o( the testi,onial e'idence re(erred to in the record on appeal2 The steno/raphers concerned shall transcri-e such testi,onial e'idence and shall prepare and a((i5 to their transcripts an inde5 containin/ the na,es o( the witnesses and the pa/es wherein their testi,onies are (ound$ and a list o( the e5hi-its and the pa/es wherein each o( the, appears to ha'e -een o((ered and ad,itted or rejected -. the trial court2 The transcripts shall -e trans,itted to the cler4 o( the trial court who shall thereupon arran/e the sa,e in the order in which the witnesses testi(ied at the trial$ and shall cause the pa/es to -e nu,-ered consecuti'el.2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1(' #ransmittal2 3 The cler4 o( the trial court shall trans,it to the appellate court the ori/inal record or the appro'ed record on appeal within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, the per(ection o( the appeal$ to/ether with the proo( o( pa.,ent o( the appellate court doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ a certi(ied true cop. o( the ,inutes o( the proceedin/s$ the order o( appro'al$ the certi(icate o( correctness$ the ori/inal docu,entar. e'idence re(erred to therein$ and the ori/inal and three *9+ copies o( the transcripts2 opies o( the transcripts and certi(ied true copies o( the docu,entar. e'idence shall re,ain in the lower court (or the e5a,ination o( the parties2 *11a+ Se%&#!n 1)' 1ismissal of appeal2 3 Prior to the trans,ittal o( the ori/inal record or the record on appeal to the appellate court$ the trial court ,a. motu propio or on ,otion dis,iss the appeal (or ha'in/ -een ta4en out o( ti,e2 *18a+

RULE *( Pe&#&#!n 0!r Re"#e= Fr!3 &9e Re4#!na Tr#a C!/r&$ &! &9e C!/r& !0 A77ea $ Se%&#!n 1' 8o% appeal ta/en; time for filing2 3 A part. desirin/ to appeal (ro, a decision o( the Re/ional Trial ourt rendered in the e5ercise o( its appellate jurisdiction ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition (or re'iew with the ourt o( Appeals$ pa.in/ at the sa,e ti,e to the cler4 o( said court the correspondin/ doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ depositin/ the a,ount o( P)AA2AA (or costs$ and (urnishin/ the Re/ional Trial ourt and the ad'erse part. with a cop. o( the petition2 The petition shall -e (iled and ser'ed within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the decision sou/ht to -e re'iewed or o( the denial o( petitionerEs ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration (iled in due ti,e a(ter jud/,ent2 Upon proper ,otion and the pa.,ent o( the (ull a,ount o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees and the deposit (or costs -e(ore the e5piration o( the re/le,entar. period$ the ourt o( Appeals ,a. /rant an additional period o( (i(teen *1)+ da.s onl. within which to (ile the petition (or re'iew2 &o (urther e5tension shall -e /ranted e5cept (or the ,ost co,pellin/ reason and in no case to e5ceed (i(teen *1)+ da.s2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' 9orm and &ontents2 3 The petition shall -e (iled in se'en *7+ le/i-le copies$ with the ori/inal cop. intended (or the court -ein/ indicated as such -. the petitioner$ and shall *a+ state the (ull na,es o( the parties to the case$ without i,pleadin/ the lower courts or jud/es thereo( either as petitioners or respondents; *-+ indicate the speci(ic ,aterial dates showin/ that it was (iled on ti,e; *c+ set (orth concisel. a state,ent o( the ,atters in'ol'ed$ the issues raised$ the speci(ication o( errors o( (act or law$ or -oth$ alle/edl. co,,itted -. the Re/ional Trial ourt$ and the reasons or ar/u,ents relied upon (or the allowance o( the appeal; *d+ -e acco,panied -. clearl. le/i-le duplicate ori/inals or true copies o( the jud/,ents or (inal orders o( -oth lower courts$ certi(ied correct -. the cler4 o( court o( the Re/ional Trial ourt$ the re?uisite nu,-er o( plain copies thereo( and o( the pleadin/s and other ,aterial portions o( the record as would support the alle/ations o( the petition2

The petitioner shall also su-,it to/ether with the petition a certi(ication under oath that he has not thereto(ore co,,enced an. other action in'ol'in/ the sa,e issues in the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc.; i( there is such other action or proceedin/$ he ,ust state the status o( the sa,e; and i( he should therea(ter learn that a si,ilar action or proceedin/ has -een (iled or is pendin/ -e(ore the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals$ or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc.$ he underta4es to pro,ptl. in(or, the a(oresaid courts and other tri-unal or a/enc. thereo( within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro,2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' 0ffe&t of failure to &omply %ith re;uirements2 3 The (ailure o( the petitioner to co,pl. with an. o( the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents re/ardin/ the pa.,ent o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ the deposit (or costs$ proo( o( ser'ice o( the petition$ and the contents o( and the docu,ents which should acco,pan. the petition shall -e su((icient /round (or the dis,issal thereo(2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' A&tion on the petition2 3 The ourt o( Appeals ,a. re?uire the respondent to (ile a co,,ent on the petition$ not a ,otion to dis,iss$ within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice$ or dis,iss the petition i( it (inds the sa,e to -e patentl. without ,erit$ prosecuted ,ani(estl. (or dela.$ or that the ?uestions raised therein are too insu-stantial to re?uire consideration2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Contents of &omment2 3 The co,,ent o( the respondent shall -e (iled in se'en *7+ le/i-le copies$ acco,panied -. certi(ied true copies o( such ,aterial portions o( the record re(erred to therein to/ether with other supportin/ papers and shall *a+ state whether or not he accepts the state,ent o( ,atters in'ol'ed in the petition; *-+ point out such insu((iciencies or inaccuracies as he -elie'es e5ist in petitionerEs state,ent o( ,atters in'ol'ed -ut without repetition; and *c+ state the reasons wh. the petition should not -e /i'en due course2 A cop. thereo( shall -e ser'ed on the petitioner2 *a+ Se%&#!n ,' 1ue &ourse2 3 !( upon the (ilin/ o( the co,,ent or such other pleadin/s as the court ,a. allow or re?uire$ or a(ter the e5piration o( the period (or the (ilin/ thereo( without such co,,ent or pleadin/ ha'in/ -een su-,itted$ the ourt o( Appeals (inds prima fa&ie that the lower court has co,,itted an error o( (act or law that will warrant a re'ersal or ,odi(ication o( the appealed decision$ it ,a. accordin/l. /i'e due course to the petition2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' 0le(ation of re&ord2 3 <hene'er the ourt o( Appeals dee,s it necessar.$ it ,a. order the cler4 o( court o( the Re/ional Trial ourt to ele'ate the ori/inal record o( the case includin/ the oral and docu,entar. e'idence within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' Perfe&tion of appeal; effe&t thereof. 3 *a+ Upon the ti,el. (ilin/ o( a petition (or re'iew and the pa.,ent o( the correspondin/ doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ the appeal is dee,ed per(ected as to the petitioner2 The Re/ional Trial ourt loses jurisdiction o'er the case upon the per(ection o( the appeals (iled in due ti,e and the e5piration o( the ti,e to appeal o( the other parties2 >owe'er$ -e(ore the ourt o( Appeals /i'es due course to the petition$ the Re/ional Trial ourt ,a. issue orders (or the protection and preser'ation o( the ri/hts o( the parties which do not in'ol'e an. ,atter liti/ated -. the appeal$ appro'e co,pro,ises$ per,it appeals o( indi/ent liti/ants$ order e5ecution pendin/ appeal in accordance with section 6 o( Rule 99$ and allow withdrawal o( the appeal2 *9a$ R81+ *-+ E5cept in ci'il cases decided under the Rule on Su,,ar. Procedure$ the appeal shall sta. the jud/,ent or (inal order unless the ourt o( Appeals$ the law$ or these Rules shall pro'ide otherwise2 *a+ Se%&#!n 9' Su'mission for de&ision2 3 !( the petition is /i'en due course$ the ourt o( Appeals ,a. set the case (or oral ar/u,ent or re?uire the parties to su-,it ,e,oranda within a period o( (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice2 The case shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or decision upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/ or ,e,orandu, re?uired -. these Rules or -. the court itsel(2 *n+

RULE *) A77ea $ Fr!3 &9e C!/r& !0 Ta< A77ea $ an- >/a$#-J/-#%#a A4en%#e$ &! &9e C!/r& !0 A77ea $

Se%&#!n 1' S&ope2 3 This Rule shall appl. to appeals (ro, jud/,ents or (inal orders o( the ourt o( Ta5 Appeals and (ro, awards$ jud/,ents$ (inal orders or resolutions o( or authori7ed -. an. ?uasi-judicial a/enc. in the e5ercise o( its ?uasi-judicial (unctions2 A,on/ these a/encies are the i'il Ser'ice o,,ission$ entral 0oard o( Assess,ent Appeals$ Securities and E5chan/e o,,ission$ O((ice o( the President$ Land Re/istration Authorit.$ Social Securit. o,,ission$ i'il Aeronautics 0oard$ 0ureau o( Patents$ Trade,ar4s and Technolo/. Trans(er$ &ational Electri(ication Ad,inistration$ Ener/. Re/ulator. 0oard$ &ational Teleco,,unications o,,ission$ #epart,ent o( A/rarian Re(or, under Repu-lic Act &o2 ::)7$ Bo'ern,ent Ser'ice !nsurance S.ste,$ E,plo.ees o,pensation o,,ission$ A/ricultural !n'ention 0oard$ !nsurance o,,ission$ Philippine Ato,ic Ener/. o,,ission$ 0oard o( !n'est,ents$ onstruction !ndustr. Ar-itration o,,ission$ and 'oluntar. ar-itrators authori7ed -. law2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Cases not &o(ered2 3 This Rule shall not appl. to jud/,ents or (inal orders issued under the La-or o( the Philippines2 *n+ ode

Se%&#!n )' ,here to appeal2 3 An appeal under this Rule ,a. -e ta4en to the ourt o( Appeals within the period and in the ,anner herein pro'ided$ whether the appeal in'ol'es ?uestions o( (act$ o( law$ or ,i5ed ?uestions o( (act and law2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Period of appeal2 3 The appeal shall -e ta4en within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the award$ jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution$ or (ro, the date o( its last pu-lication$ i( pu-lication is re?uired -. law (or its e((ecti'it.$ or o( the denial o( petitionerEs ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration dul. (iled in accordance with the /o'ernin/ law o( the court or a/enc. a ;uo2 Onl. one *1+ ,otion (or reconsideration shall -e allowed2 Upon proper ,otion and the pa.,ent o( the (ull a,ount o( the doc4et (ee -e(ore the e5piration o( the re/le,entar. period$ the ourt o( Appeals ,a. /rant an additional period o( (i(teen *1)+ da.s onl. within which to (ile the petition (or re'iew2 &o (urther e5tension shall -e /ranted e5cept (or the ,ost co,pellin/ reason and in no case to e5ceed (i(teen *1)+ da.s2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' 8o% appeal ta/en2 3 Appeal shall -e ta4en -. (ilin/ a 'eri(ied petition (or re'iew in se'en *7+ le/i-le copies with the ourt o( Appeals$ with proo( o( ser'ice o( a cop. thereo( on the ad'erse part. and on the court or a/enc. a ;uo2 The ori/inal cop. o( the petition intended (or the ourt o( Appeals shall -e indicated as such -. the petitioner2 Upon the (ilin/ o( the petition$ the petitioner shall pa. to the cler4 o( court o( the ourt o( Appeals the doc4etin/ and other law(ul (ees and deposit the su, o( P)AA2AA (or costs2 E5e,ption (ro, pa.,ent o( doc4etin/ and other law(ul (ees and the deposit (or costs ,a. -e /ranted -. the ourt o( Appeals upon a 'eri(ied ,otion settin/ (orth 'alid /rounds there(or2 !( the ourt o( Appeals denies the ,otion$ the petitioner shall pa. the doc4etin/ and other law(ul (ees and deposit (or costs within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the denial2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' Contents of the petition2 3 The petition (or re'iew shall *a+ state the (ull na,es o( the parties to the case$ without i,pleadin/ the court or a/encies either as petitioners or respondents; *-+ contain a concise state,ent o( the (acts and issues in'ol'ed and the /rounds relied upon (or the re'iew; *c+ -e acco,panied -. a clearl. le/i-le duplicate ori/inal or a certi(ied true cop. o( the award$ jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution appealed (ro,$ to/ether with certi(ied true copies o( such ,aterial portions o( the record re(erred to therein and other supportin/ papers; and *d+ contain a sworn certi(ication a/ainst (oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the last para/raph o( section 6$ Rule 862 The petition shall state the speci(ic ,aterial dates showin/ that it was (iled within the period (i5ed herein2 *6a+ Se%&#!n 7' 0ffe&t of failure to &omply %ith re;uirements2 3 The (ailure o( the petitioner to co,pl. with an. o( the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents re/ardin/ the pa.,ent o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ the deposit (or costs$ proo( o( ser'ice o( the petition$ and the contents o( and the docu,ents which should acco,pan. the petition shall -e su((icient /round (or the dis,issal thereo(2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' A&tion on the petition2 3 The ourt o( Appeals ,a. re?uire the respondent to (ile a co,,ent on the petition not a ,otion to dis,iss$ within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice$ or dis,iss the petition i( it (inds the sa,e to -e patentl. without ,erit$ prosecuted ,ani(estl. (or dela.$ or that the ?uestions raised therein are too unsu-stantial to re?uire consideration2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 9' Contents of &omment2 3 The co,,ent shall -e (iled within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice in se'en *7+ le/i-le copies and acco,panied -. clearl. le/i-le certi(ied true copies o( such ,aterial portions o( the record re(erred to therein to/ether with other supportin/ papers2 The co,,ent shall *a+ point out insu((iciencies or inaccuracies in petitionerEs state,ent o( (acts and issues; and *-+ state the reasons wh. the petition should -e denied or dis,issed2 A cop. thereo( shall -e ser'ed on the petitioner$ and proo( o( such ser'ice shall -e (iled with the ourt o( Appeals2 *9a+

Se%&#!n 12' 1ue &ourse2 3 !( upon the (ilin/ o( the co,,ent or such other pleadin/s or docu,ents as ,a. -e re?uired or allowed -. the ourt o( Appeals or upon the e5piration o( the period (or the (ilin/ thereo($ and on the records the ourt o( Appeals (inds prima fa&ie that the court or a/enc. concerned has co,,itted errors o( (act or law that would warrant re'ersal or ,odi(ication o( the award$ jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution sou/ht to -e re'iewed$ it ,a. /i'e due course to the petition; otherwise$ it shall dis,iss the sa,e2 The (indin/s o( (act o( the court or a/enc. concerned$ when supported -. su-stantial e'idence$ shall -e -indin/ on the ourt o( Appeals2 *n+ Se%&#!n 11' #ransmittal of re&ord2 3 <ithin (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice that the petition has -een /i'en due course$ the ourt o( Appeals ,a. re?uire the court or a/enc. concerned to trans,it the ori/inal or a le/i-le certi(ied true cop. o( the entire record o( the proceedin/ under re'iew2 The record to -e trans,itted ,a. -e a-rid/ed -. a/ree,ent o( all parties to the proceedin/2 The ourt o( Appeals ,a. re?uire or per,it su-se?uent correction o( or addition to the record2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 1(' 0ffe&t of appeal2 3 The appeal shall not sta. the award$ jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution sou/ht to -e re'iewed unless the ourt o( Appeals shall direct otherwise upon such ter,s as it ,a. dee, just2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 1)' Su'mission for de&ision2 3 !( the petition is /i'en due course$ the ourt o( Appeals ,a. set the case (or oral ar/u,ent or re?uire the parties to su-,it ,e,oranda within a period o( (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice2 The case shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or decision upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/ or ,e,orandu, re?uired -. these Rules or -. the court o( Appeals2 *n+

Procedure in the ourt o( Appeals

RULE ** Or-#nar. A77ea e- Ca$e$ Se%&#!n 1' #itle of &ases2 3 !n all cases appealed to the ourt o( Appeals under Rule 81$ the title o( the case shall re,ain as it was in the court o( ori/in$ -ut the part. appealin/ the case shall -e (urther re(erred to as the appellant and the ad'erse part. as the appellee2 *1a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n (' Counsel and guardians2 3 The counsel and /uardians ad litem o( the parties in the court o( ori/in shall -e respecti'el. considered as their counsel and /uardians ad litem in the ourt o( Appeals2 <hen others appear or are appointed$ notice thereo( shall -e ser'ed i,,ediatel. on the ad'erse part. and (iled with the court2 *6a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n )' )rder of transmittal of re&ord2 3 !( the ori/inal record or the record on appeal is not trans,itted to the ourt o( Appeals within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter the per(ection o( the appeal$ either part. ,a. (ile a ,otion with the trial court$ with notice to the other$ (or the trans,ittal o( such record or record on appeal2 *9a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n *' 1o&/eting of &ase2 3 Upon recei'in/ the ori/inal record or the record on appeal and the acco,pan.in/ docu,ents and e5hi-its trans,itted -. the lower court$ as well as the proo( o( pa.,ent o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ the cler4 o( court o( the ourt o( Appeals shall doc4et the case and noti(. the parties thereo(2 *8a$ R8:+ <ithin ten *1A+ da.s (ro, receipt o( said notice$ the appellant$ in appeals -. record on appeal$ shall (ile with the cler4 o( court se'en *7+ clearl. le/i-le copies o( the appro'ed record on appeal$ to/ether with the proo( o( ser'ice o( two *6+ copies thereo( upon the appellee2 An. unauthori7ed alteration$ o,ission or addition in the appro'ed record on appeal shall -e a /round (or dis,issal o( the appeal2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Completion of re&ord2 3 <here the record o( the doc4eted case is inco,plete$ the cler4 o( court o( the ourt o( Appeals shall so in(or, said court and reco,,end to it ,easures necessar. to co,plete the record2 !t shall

-e the dut. o( said court to ta4e appropriate action towards the co,pletion o( the record within the shortest possi-le ti,e2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' 1ispensing %ith &omplete re&ord2 3 <here the co,pletion o( the record could not -e acco,plished within a su((icient period allotted (or said purpose due to insupera-le or e5tre,el. di((icult causes$ the court$ on its own ,otion or on ,otion o( an. o( the parties$ ,a. declare that the record and its acco,pan.in/ transcripts and e5hi-its so (ar a'aila-le are su((icient to decide the issues raised in the appeal$ and shall issue an order e5plainin/ the reasons (or such declaration2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Appellant?s 'rief. 3 !t shall -e the dut. o( the appellant to (ile with the court$ within (ort.-(i'e *8)+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the notice o( the cler4 that all the e'idence$ oral and docu,entar.$ are attached to the record$ se'en *7+ copies o( his le/i-l. t.pewritten$ ,i,eo/raphed or printed -rie($ with proo( o( ser'ice o( two *6+ copies thereo( upon the appellee2 *1Aa$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 1' Appellee?s 'rief. 3 <ithin (ort.-(i'e *8)+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the appellantEs -rie($ the appellee shall (ile with the court se'en *7+ copies o( his le/i-l. t.pewritten$ ,i,eo/raphed or printed -rie($ with proo( o( ser'ice o( two *6+ copies thereo( upon the appellant2 *11a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 9' Appellant?s reply 'rief. 3 <ithin twent. *6A+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the appelleeEs -rie($ the appellant ,a. (ile a repl. -rie( answerin/ points in the appelleeEs -rie( not co'ered in his ,ain -rie(2 *16a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 12' #ime of filing memoranda in spe&ial &ases2 3 !n &ertiorari$ prohi-ition$ ,anda,us$ ;uo %arranto and ha'eas &orpus cases$ the parties shall (ile in lieu o( -rie(s$ their respecti'e ,e,oranda within a none5tendi-le period o( thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the notice issued -. the cler4 that all the e'idence$ oral and docu,entar.$ is alread. attached to the record2 *19a$ R8:+ The (ailure o( the appellant to (ile his ,e,orandu, within the period there(or ,a. -e a /round (or dis,issal o( the appeal2 *n+ Se%&#!n 11' Se(eral appellants or appellees or se(eral &ounsel for ea&h party2 3 <here there are se'eral appellants or appellees$ each counsel representin/ one or ,ore -ut not all o( the, shall -e ser'ed with onl. one cop. o( the -rie(s2 <hen se'eral counsel represent one appellant or appellee$ copies o( the -rie( ,a. -e ser'ed upon an. o( the,2 *18a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 1(' 02tension of time for filing 'riefs2 3 E5tension o( ti,e (or the (ilin/ o( -rie(s will not -e allowed$ e5cept (or /ood and su((icient cause$ and onl. i( the ,otion (or e5tension is (iled -e(ore the e5piration o( the ti,e sou/ht to -e e5tended2 *1)$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 1)' Contents of appellant?s 'rief. 3 The appellantEs -rie( shall contain$ in the order herein indicated$ the (ollowin/1 *a+ A su-ject inde5 o( the ,atter in the -rie( with a di/est o( the ar/u,ents and pa/e re(erences$ and a ta-le o( cases alpha-eticall. arran/ed$ te5t-oo4s and statutes cited with re(erences to the pa/es where the. are cited; *-+ An assi/n,ent o( errors intended to -e ur/ed$ which errors shall -e separatel.$ distinctl. and concisel. stated without repetition and nu,-ered consecuti'el.; *c+ Under the headin/ =State,ent o( the ase$= a clear and concise state,ent o( the nature o( the action$ a su,,ar. o( the proceedin/s$ the appealed rulin/s and orders o( the court$ the nature o( the jud/,ent and an. other ,atters necessar. to an understandin/ o( the nature o( the contro'ers. with pa/e re(erences to the record; *d+ Under the headin/ =State,ent o( Facts$= a clear and concise state,ent in a narrati'e (or, o( the (acts ad,itted -. -oth parties and o( those in contro'ers.$ to/ether with the su-stance o( the proo( relatin/ thereto in su((icient detail to ,a4e it clearl. intelli/i-le$ with pa/e re(erences to the record;

*e+ A clear and concise state,ent o( the issues o( (act or law to -e su-,itted$ to the court (or its jud/,ent; *(+ Under the headin/ =Ar/u,ent$= the appellantEs ar/u,ents on each assi/n,ent o( error with pa/e re(erences to the record2 The authorities relied upon shall -e cited -. the pa/e o( the report at which the case -e/ins and the pa/e o( the report on which the citation is (ound; */+ Under the headin/ =Relie($= a speci(ication o( the order or jud/,ent which the appellant see4s; and *h+ !n cases not -rou/ht up -. record on appeal$ the appellantEs -rie( shall contain$ as an appendi5$ a cop. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,2 *1:a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 1*' Contents of appellee?s 'rief. 3 The appelleeEs -rie( shall contain$ in the order herein indicated the (ollowin/1 *a+ A su-ject inde5 o( the ,atter in the -rie( with a di/est o( the ar/u,ents and pa/e re(erences$ and a ta-le o( cases alpha-eticall. arran/ed$ te5t-oo4s and statutes cited with re(erences to the pa/es where the. are cited; *-+ Under the headin/ =State,ent o( Facts$= the appellee shall state that he accepts the state,ent o( (acts in the appellantEs -rie($ or under the headin/ = ounter-State,ent o( Facts$= he shall point out such insu((iciencies or inaccuracies as he -elie'es e5ist in the appellantEs state,ent o( (acts with re(erences to the pa/es o( the record in support thereo($ -ut without repetition o( ,atters in the appellantEs state,ent o( (acts; and *c+ Under the headin/ =Ar/u,ent$= the appellee shall set (orth his ar/u,ents in the case on each assi/n,ent o( error with pa/e re(erences to the record2 The authorities relied on shall -e cited -. the pa/e o( the report at which the case -e/ins and the pa/e o( the report on which the citation is (ound2 *17a$ R8:+ Se%&#!n 1+' =uestions that may 'e raised on appeal2 3 <hether or not the appellant has (iled a ,otion (or new trial in the court -elow he ,a. include in his assi/n,ent o( errors an. ?uestion o( law or (act that has -een raised in the court -elow and which is within the issues (ra,ed -. the parties2 *1@$ R8:+

RULE *+ A77ea ;. Certiorari &! &9e S/7re3e C!/r& Se%&#!n 1' 9iling of petition %ith Supreme Court2 3 A part. desirin/ to appeal -. &ertiorari (ro, a jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution o( the ourt o( Appeals$ the Sandi/an-a.an$ the Re/ional Trial ourt or other courts whene'er authori7ed -. law$ ,a. (ile with the Supre,e ourt a 'eri(ied petition (or re'iew on &ertiorari2 The petition shall raise onl. ?uestions o( law which ,ust -e distinctl. set (orth2 *1a$ 6a+ Se%&#!n (' #ime for filing; e2tension2 3 The petition shall -e (iled within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution appealed (ro,$ or o( the denial o( the petitionerEs ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration (iled in due ti,e a(ter notice o( the jud/,ent2 On ,otion dul. (iled and ser'ed$ with (ull pa.,ent o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees and the deposit (or costs -e(ore the e5piration o( the re/le,entar. period$ the Supre,e ourt ,a. (or justi(ia-le reasons /rant an e5tension o( thirt. *9A+ da.s onl. within which to (ile the petition2 *1a$ )a+ Se%&#!n )' 1o&/et and other la%ful fees; proof of ser(i&e of petition2 3 Unless he has thereto(ore done so$ the petitioner shall pa. the correspondin/ doc4et and other law(ul (ees to the cler4 o( court o( the Supre,e ourt and deposit the a,ount o( P)AA2AA (or costs at the ti,e o( the (ilin/ o( the petition2 Proo( o( ser'ice o( a cop.$ thereo( on the lower court concerned and on the ad'erse part. shall -e su-,itted to/ether with the petition2 *1a+ Se%&#!n *' Contents of petition2 3 The petition shall -e (iled in ei/hteen *1@+ copies$ with the ori/inal cop. intended (or the court -ein/ indicated as such -. the petitioner and shall *a+ state the (ull na,e o( the appealin/ part. as the petitioner and the ad'erse part. as respondent$ without i,pleadin/ the lower courts or jud/es thereo( either as

petitioners or respondents; *-+ indicate the ,aterial dates showin/ when notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution su-ject thereo( was recei'ed$ when a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration$ i( an.$ was (iled and when notice o( the denial thereo( was recei'ed; *c+ set (orth concisel. a state,ent o( the ,atters in'ol'ed$ and the reasons or ar/u,ents relied on (or the allowance o( the petition; *d+ -e acco,panied -. a clearl. le/i-le duplicate ori/inal$ or a certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution certi(ied -. the cler4 o( court o( the court a ;uo and the re?uisite nu,-er o( plain copies thereo($ and such ,aterial portions o( the record as would support the petition; and *e+ contain a sworn certi(ication a/ainst (oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the last para/raph o( section 6$ Rule 862 *6a+ Se%&#!n +' 1ismissal or denial of petition2 3 The (ailure o( the petitioner to co,pl. with an. o( the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents re/ardin/ the pa.,ent o( the doc4et and other law(ul (ees$ deposit (or costs$ proo( o( ser'ice o( the petition$ and the contents o( and the docu,ents which should acco,pan. the petition shall -e su((icient /round (or the dis,issal thereo(2 The Supre,e ourt ,a. on its own initiati'e den. the petition on the /round that the appeal is without ,erit$ or is prosecuted ,ani(estl. (or dela.$ or that the ?uestions raised therein are too unsu-stantial to re?uire consideration2 *9a+ Se%&#!n ,' Re(ie% dis&retionary2 3 A re'iew is not a ,atter o( ri/ht$ -ut o( sound judicial discretion$ and will -e /ranted onl. when there are special and i,portant reasons thereo(2 The (ollowin/$ while neither controllin/ nor (ull. ,easurin/ the courtEs discretion$ indicate the character o( the reasons which will -e considered1 *a+ <hen the court a ;uo has decided a ?uestion o( su-stance$ not thereto(ore deter,ined -. the Supre,e ourt$ or has decided it in a wa. pro-a-l. not in accord with law or with the applica-le decisions o( the Supre,e ourt; or *-+ <hen the court a ;uo has so (ar departed (ro, the accepted and usual course o( judicial proceedin/s$ or so (ar sanctioned such departure -. a lower court$ as to call (or an e5ercise o( the power o( super'ision2 *8a+ Se%&#!n 7' Pleadings and do&uments that may 'e re;uired; san&tions2 3 For purposes o( deter,inin/ whether the petition should -e dis,issed or denied pursuant to section ) o( this Rule$ or where the petition is /i'en due course under section @ hereo($ the Supre,e ourt ,a. re?uire or allow the (ilin/ o( such pleadin/s$ -rie(s$ ,e,oranda or docu,ents as it ,a. dee, necessar. within such periods and under such conditions as it ,a. consider appropriate$ and i,pose the correspondin/ sanctions in case o( non-(ilin/ or unauthori7ed (ilin/ o( such pleadin/s and docu,ents or non-co,pliance with the conditions there(or2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' 1ue &ourse; ele(ation of re&ords2 3 !( the petition is /i'en due course$ the Supre,e ourt ,a. re?uire the ele'ation o( the co,plete record o( the case or speci(ied parts thereo( within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice2 *6a+ Se%&#!n 9' Rule appli&a'le to 'oth &i(il and &riminal &ases2 3 The ,ode o( appeal prescri-ed in this Rule shall -e applica-le to -oth ci'il and cri,inal cases$ e5cept in cri,inal cases where the penalt. i,posed is death$ re&lusion perpetua or li(e i,prison,ent2 *n+

RULE *, Or#4#na Ca$e$ Se%&#!n 1' #itle of &ases2 3 !n all cases ori/inall. (iled in the ourt o( Appeals$ the part. institutin/ the action shall -e called the petitioner and the opposin/ part. the respondent2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' #o %hat a&tions appli&a'le2 3 This Rule shall appl. to ori/inal actions (or &ertiorari$ prohi-ition$ ,anda,us and ;uo %arranto2 E5cept as otherwise pro'ided$ the actions (or annul,ent o( jud/,ent shall -e /o'erned -. Rule 87$ (or &ertiorari$ prohi-ition and ,anda,us -. Rule :)$ and (or ;uo %arranto -. Rule ::2 *n+

Se%&#!n )' Contents and filing of petition; effe&t of non&omplian&e %ith re;uirements2 3 The petition shall contain the (ull na,es and actual addresses o( all the petitioners and respondents$ a concise state,ent o( the ,atters in'ol'ed$ the (actual -ac4/round o( the case$ and the /rounds relied upon (or the relie( pra.ed (or2 !n actions (iled under Rule :)$ the petition shall (urther indicate the ,aterial dates showin/ when notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution su-ject thereo( was recei'ed$ when a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration$ i( an.$ was (iled and when notice o( the denial thereo( was recei'ed2 !t shall -e (iled in se'en *7+ clearl. le/i-le copies to/ether with proo( o( ser'ice thereo( on the respondent with the ori/inal cop. intended (or the court indicated as such -. the petitioner$ and shall -e acco,panied -. a clearl. le/i-le duplicate ori/inal or certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent$ order$ resolution$ or rulin/ su-ject thereo($ such ,aterial portions o( the record as are re(erred to therein$ and other docu,ents rele'ant or pertinent thereto2 The certi(ication shall -e acco,plished -. the proper cler4 o( court or -. his dul. authori7ed representati'e$ or -. the proper o((icer o( the court$ tri-unal$ a/enc. or o((ice in'ol'ed or -. his dul. authori7ed representati'e2 The other re?uisite nu,-er o( copies o( the petition shall -e acco,panied -. clearl. le/i-le plain copies o( all docu,ents attached to the ori/inal2 The petitioner shall also su-,it to/ether with the petition a sworn certi(ication that he has not thereto(ore co,,enced an. other action in'ol'in/ the sa,e issues in the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc.; i( there is such other action or proceedin/$ he ,ust state the status o( the sa,e; and i( he should therea(ter learn that a si,ilar action or proceedin/ has -een (iled or is pendin/ -e(ore the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals$ or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc.$ he underta4es to pro,ptl. in(or, the a(oresaid courts and other tri-unal or a/enc. thereo( within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro,2 The petitioner shall pa. the correspondin/ doc4et and other law(ul (ees to the cler4 o( court and deposit the a,ount o( P)AA2AA (or costs at the ti,e o( the (ilin/ o( the petition2 The (ailure o( the petitioner to co,pl. an. o( the re?uire,ents shall -e su((icient /round (or the dis,issal o( the petition2 *n; 0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 61 Ful. 199@+ Se%&#!n *' *urisdi&tion o(er person of respondent$ ho% a&;uired2 3 The court shall ac?uire jurisdiction o'er the person o( the respondent -. the ser'ice on hi, o( its order or resolution indicatin/ its initial action on the petition or -. his 'oluntar. su-,ission to such jurisdiction2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' A&tion 'y the &ourt2 3 The court ,a. dis,iss the petition outri/ht with speci(ic reasons (or such dis,issal or re?uire the respondent to (ile a co,,ent on the sa,e within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice2 Onl. pleadin/s re?uired -. the court shall -e allowed2 All other pleadin/s and papers$ ,a. -e (iled onl. with lea'e o( court2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' 1etermination of fa&tual issues2 3 <hene'er necessar. to resol'e (actual issues$ the court itsel( ,a. conduct hearin/s thereon or dele/ate the reception o( the e'idence on such issue to an. o( its ,e,-ers or to an appropriate court$ a/enc. or o((ice2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' 0ffe&t of failure to file &omment2 3 <hen no co,,ent is (iled -. an. o( the respondents$ the case ,a. -e decided on the -asis o( the record$ without prejudice to an. disciplinar. action which the court ,a. ta4e a/ainst the diso-edient part.2 *n+

RULE *7 Ann/ 3en& !0 J/-43en&$ !0 F#na Or-er$ an- Re$! /&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' Co(erage2 3 This Rule shall /o'ern the annul,ent -. the ourt o( Appeals o( jud/,ents or (inal orders and resolutions in ci'il actions o( Re/ional Trial ourts (or which the ordinar. re,edies o( new trial$ appeal$ petition (or relie( or other appropriate re,edies are no lon/er a'aila-le throu/h no (ault o( the petitioner2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' 3rounds for annulment2 3 The annul,ent ,a. -e -ased onl. on the /rounds o( e5trinsic (raud and lac4 o( jurisdiction2

E5trinsic (raud shall not -e a 'alid /round i( it was a'ailed o($ or could ha'e -een a'ailed o($ in a ,otion (or new trial or petition (or relie(2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Period for filing a&tion2 3 !( -ased on e5trinsic (raud$ the action ,ust -e (iled within (our *8+ .ears (ro, its disco'er.; and i( -ased on lac4 o( jurisdiction$ -e(ore it is -arred -. laches or estoppel2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' 9iling and &ontents of petition2 3 The action shall -e co,,enced -. (ilin/ a 'eri(ied petition alle/in/ therein with particularit. the (acts and the law relied upon (or annul,ent$ as well as those supportin/ the petitionerEs /ood and su-stantial cause o( action or de(ense$ as the case ,a. -e2 The petition shall -e (iled in se'en *7+ clearl. le/i-le copies$ to/ether with su((icient copies correspondin/ to the nu,-er o( respondents2 A certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution shall -e attached to the ori/inal cop. o( the petition intended (or the court and indicated as such -. the petitioner2 The petitioner shall also su-,it to/ether with the petition a((ida'its o( witnesses or docu,ents supportin/ the cause o( action or de(ense and a sworn certi(ication that he has not thereto(ore co,,enced an. other action in'ol'in/ the sa,e issues in the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc. i( there is such other action or proceedin/$ he ,ust state the status o( the sa,e$ and i( he should therea(ter learn that a si,ilar action or proceedin/ has -een (iled or is pendin/ -e(ore the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals$ or di((erent di'isions thereo($ or an. other tri-unal or a/enc.$ he underta4es to pro,ptl. in(or, the a(oresaid courts and other tri-unal or a/enc. thereo( within (i'e *)+ da.s there(ro,2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' A&tion 'y the &ourt2 3 Should the court (ind no su-stantial ,erit in the petition$ the sa,e ,a. -e dis,issed outri/ht with speci(ic reasons (or such dis,issal2 Should prima fa&ie ,erit -e (ound in the petition$ the sa,e shall -e /i'en due course and su,,ons shall -e ser'ed on the respondent2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' Pro&edure2 3 The procedure in ordinar. ci'il cases shall -e o-ser'ed2 Should trial -e necessar.$ the reception o( the e'idence ,a. -e re(erred to a ,e,-er o( the court or a jud/e o( a Re/ional Trial ourt2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' 0ffe&t of +udgment2 3 A jud/,ent o( annul,ent shall set aside the ?uestioned jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution and render the sa,e null and 'oid$ without prejudice to the ori/inal action -ein/ re(iled in the proper court2 >owe'er$ where the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution is set aside on the /round o( e5trinsic (raud$ the court ,a. on ,otion order the trial court to tr. the case as i( a ti,el. ,otion (or new trial had -een /ranted therein2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' Suspension pres&ripti(e period2 3 The prescripti'e period (or the re(ilin/ o( the a(oresaid ori/inal action shall -e dee,ed suspended (ro, the (ilin/ o( such ori/inal action until the (inalit. o( the jud/,ent o( annul,ent2 >owe'er$ the prescripti'e period shall not -e suspended where the e5trinsic-(raud is attri-uta-le to the plainti(( in the ori/inal action2 *n+ Se%&#!n 9' Relief a(aila'le2 3 The jud/,ent o( annul,ent ,a. include the award o( da,a/es$ attorne.Es (ees and other relie(2 !( the ?uestioned jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution had alread. -een e5ecuted the court ,a. issue such orders o( restitution or other relie( as justice and e?uit. ,a. warrant under the circu,stances2 *n+ Se%&#!n 12' Annulment of +udgments or final orders of Muni&ipal #rial Courts2 3 An action to annul a jud/,ent or (inal order o( a %unicipal Trial ourt shall -e (iled in the Re/ional Trial ourt ha'in/ jurisdiction o'er the (or,er2 !t shall -e treated as an ordinar. ci'il action and sections 6$ 9$ 8$ 7$ @ and 9 o( this Rule shall -e applica-le thereto2 *n+

RULE *1 Pre #3#nar. C!n0eren%e

Se%&#!n 1' Preliminary &onferen&e2 3 At an. ti,e durin/ the pendenc. o( a case$ the court ,a. call the parties and their counsel to a preli,inar. con(erence2 *a+ To consider the possi-ilit. o( an a,ica-le settle,ent$ e5cept when the case is not allowed -. law to -e co,pro,ised *-+ To de(ine$ si,pli(. and clari(. the issues (or deter,ination; *c+ To (or,ulate stipulations o( (acts and ad,issions o( docu,entar. e5hi-its$ li,it the nu,-er o( witnesses to -e presented in cases (allin/ within the ori/inal jurisdiction o( the court$ or those within its appellate jurisdiction where a ,otion (or new trial is /ranted on the /round o( newl. disco'ered e'idence; and *d+ To ta4e up such other ,atters which ,a. aid the court in the pro,pt disposition o( the case2 *Rule 7$ A !nternal Rules+ *n+ Se%&#!n (' Re&ord of the &onferen&e2 3 The proceedin/s at such con(erence shall -e recorded and$ upon the conclusion thereo($ a resolution shall -e issued e,-od.in/ all the actions ta4en therein$ the stipulations and ad,issions ,ade and the issues de(ined2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Binding effe&t of the results of the &onferen&e2 3 Su-ject to such ,odi(ications which ,a. -e ,ade to pre'ent ,ani(est injustice$ the resolution in the precedin/ section shall control the su-se?uent proceedin/s in the case unless$ within (i'e *)+ da.s (ro, notice thereo($ an. part. shall satis(actoril. show 'alid cause wh. the sa,e should not -e (ollowed2 *n+

RULE *9 Ora Ar4/3en& Se%&#!n 1' ,hen allo%ed2 3 At its own instance or upon ,otion o( a part.$ the court ,a. hear the parties in oral ar/u,ent on the ,erits o( a case$ or on an. ,aterial incident in connection therewith2 *n+ The oral ar/u,ent shall -e li,ited to such ,atters as the court ,a. speci(. in its order or resolution2 *1a$ R8@+ Se%&#!n (' Condu&t of oral argument2 3 Unless authori7ed -. the court$ onl. one counsel ,a. ar/ue (or a part.2 The duration allowed (or each part.$ the se?uence o( the ar/u,entation$ and all other related ,atters shall -e as directed -. the court2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' No hearing or oral argument for motions2 3 %otions shall not -e set (or hearin/ and$ unless the court otherwise directs$ no hearin/ or oral ar/u,ent shall -e allowed in support thereo(2 The ad'erse part. ,a. (ile o-jections to the ,otion within (i'e *)+ da.s (ro, ser'ice$ upon the e5piration o( which such ,otion shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or resolution2 *69$ R89+

RULE +2 D#$3#$$a !0 A77ea Se%&#!n 1' 3rounds for dismissal of appeal2 3 An appeal ,a. -e dis,issed -. the ourt o( Appeals$ on its own ,otion or on that o( the appellee$ on the (ollowin/ /rounds1 *a+ Failure o( the record on appeal to show on its (ace that the appeal was ta4en within the period (i5ed -. these Rules;

*-+ Failure to (ile the notice o( appeal or the record on appeal within the period prescri-ed -. these Rules; *c+ Failure o( the appellant to pa. the doc4et and other law(ul (ees as pro'ided in section )$ Rule 8A and section 8 o( Rule 81; *0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 17 Fe-ruar. 199@+ *d+ Unauthori7ed alterations$ o,issions or additions in the appro'ed record on appeal as pro'ided in section 8 o( Rule 88; *e+ Failure o( the appellant to ser'e and (ile the re?uired nu,-er o( copies o( his -rie( or ,e,orandu, within the ti,e pro'ided -. these Rules; *(+ A-sence o( speci(ic assi/n,ent o( errors in the appellantEs -rie($ or o( pa/e re(erences to the record as re?uired in section 19$ para/raphs *a+$ *c+$ *d+ and *(+ o( Rule 88; */+ Failure o( the appellant to ta4e the necessar. steps (or the correction or co,pletion o( the record within the ti,e li,ited -. the court in its order; *h+ Failure o( the appellant to appear at the preli,inar. con(erence under Rule 8@ or to co,pl. with orders$ circulars$ or directi'es o( the court without justi(ia-le cause; and *i+ The (act that the order or jud/,ent appealed (ro, is not appeala-le2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 1ismissal of improper appeal to the Court of Appeals2 3 An appeal under Rule 81 ta4en (ro, the Re/ional Trial ourt to the ourt o( Appeals raisin/ onl. ?uestions o( law shall -e dis,issed$ issues purel. o( law not -ein/ re'iewa-le -. said court2 Si,ilarl.$ an appeal -. notice o( appeal instead o( -. petition (or re'iew (ro, the appellate jud/,ent o( a Re/ional Trial ourt shall -e dis,issed2 *n+ An appeal erroneousl. ta4en to the ourt o( Appeals shall not -e trans(erred to the appropriate court -ut shall -e dis,issed outri/ht2 *9a+ Se%&#!n )' ,ithdra%al of appeal2 3 An appeal ,a. -e withdrawn as o( ri/ht at an. ti,e -e(ore the (ilin/ o( the appelleeEs -rie(2 Therea(ter$ the withdrawal ,a. -e allowed in the discretion o( the court2 *8a+

RULE +1 J/-43en& Se%&#!n 1' ,hen &ase deemed su'mitted for +udgment2 3 A case shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or jud/,ent1 A2 !n ordinar. appeals2 3 1+ <here no hearin/ on the ,erits o( the ,ain case is held$ upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/$ -rie($ or ,e,orandu, re?uired -. the Rules or -. the court itsel($ or the e5piration o( the period (or its (ilin/2 6+ <here such a hearin/ is held$ upon its ter,ination or upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/ or ,e,orandu, as ,a. -e re?uired or per,itted to -e (iled -. the court$ or the e5piration o( the period (or its (ilin/2 02 !n ori/inal actions and petitions (or re'iew2 3 1+ <here no co,,ent is (iled$ upon the e5piration o( the period to co,,ent2

6+ <here no hearin/ is held$ upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/ re?uired or per,itted to -e (iled -. the court$ or the e5piration o( the period (or its (ilin/2 9+ <here a hearin/ on the ,erits o( the ,ain case is held$ upon its ter,ination or upon the (ilin/ o( the last pleadin/ or ,e,orandu, as ,a. -e re?uired or per,itted to -e (iled -. the court$ or the e5piration o( the period (or its (ilin/2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' By %hom rendered2 3 The jud/,ent shall -e rendered -. the ,e,-ers o( the court who participated in the deli-eration on the ,erits o( the case -e(ore its assi/n,ent to a ,e,-er (or the writin/ o( the decision2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' =uorum and (oting in the &ourt2 3 The participation o( all three Fustices o( a di'ision shall -e necessar. at the deli-eration and the unani,ous 'ote o( the three Fustices shall -e re?uired (or the pronounce,ent o( a jud/,ent or (inal resolution2 !( the three justices do not reach a unani,ous 'ote$ the cler4 shall enter the 'otes o( the dissentin/ Fustices in the record2 Therea(ter$ the hair,an o( the di'ision shall re(er the case$ to/ether with the ,inutes o( the deli-eration$ to the Presidin/ Fustice who shall desi/nate two Fustices chosen -. ra((le (ro, a,on/ all the other ,e,-ers o( the court to sit te,poraril. with the,$ (or,in/ a special di'ision o( (i'e Fustices2 The participation o( all the (i'e ,e,-ers o( the special di'ision shall -e necessar. (or the deli-eration re?uired in section 6 o( this Rule and the concurrence o( a ,ajorit. o( such di'ision shall -e re?uired (or the pronounce,ent o( a jud/,ent or (inal resolution2 *6a+ Se%&#!n *' 1isposition of a &ase2 3 The ourt o( Appeals$ in the e5ercise o( its appellate jurisdiction$ ,a. a((ir,$ re'erse$ or ,odi(. the jud/,ent or (inal order appealed (ro,$ and ,a. direct a new trial or (urther proceedin/s to -e had2 *9a+ Se%&#!n +' 9orm of de&ision2 3 E'er. decision or (inal resolution o( the court in appealed cases shall clearl. and distinctl. state the (indin/s o( (act and the conclusions o( law on which it is -ased$ which ,a. -e contained in the decision or (inal resolution itsel($ or adopted (ro, those set (orth in the decision$ order$ or resolution appealed (ro,2 *Sec2 8A$ 0P 0l/2 169+ *n+ Se%&#!n ,' 8armless error2 3 &o error in either the ad,ission or the e5clusion o( e'idence and no error or de(ect in an. rulin/ or order or in an.thin/ done or o,itted -. the trial court or -. an. o( the parties is /round (or /rantin/ a new trial or (or settin/ aside$ ,odi(.in/$ or otherwise distur-in/ a jud/,ent or order$ unless re(usal to ta4e such action appears to the court inconsistent with su-stantial justice2 The court at e'er. sta/e o( the proceedin/ ,ust disre/ard an. error or de(ect which does not a((ect the su-stantial ri/hts o( the parties2 *)a+ Se%&#!n 7' *udgment %here there are se(eral parties2 3 !n all actions or proceedin/s$ an appealed jud/,ent ,a. -e a((ir,ed as to so,e o( the appellants$ and re'ersed as to others$ and the case shall therea(ter -e proceeded with$ so (ar as necessar.$ as i( separate actions had -een -e/un and prosecuted$ and e5ecution o( the jud/,ent o( a((ir,ance ,a. -e had accordin/l.$ and costs ,a. -e adjud/ed in such cases$ as the court shall dee, proper2 *:+ Se%&#!n 1' =uestions that may 'e de&ided2 3 &o error which does not a((ect the jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter or the 'alidit. o( the jud/,ent appealed (ro, or the proceedin/s therein will -e considered unless stated in the assi/n,ent o( errors$ or closel. related to or dependent on an assi/ned error and properl. ar/ued in the -rie($ sa'e as the court ,a. pass upon plain errors and clerical errors2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 9' Promulgation and noti&e of +udgment2 3 A(ter the jud/,ent or (inal resolution and dissentin/ or separate opinions$ i( an.$ are si/ned -. the Fustices ta4in/ part$ the. shall -e deli'ered (or (ilin/ to the cler4 who shall indicate thereon the date o( pro,ul/ation and cause true copies thereo( to -e ser'ed upon the parties or their counsel2 *n+ Se%&#!n 12' 0ntry of +udgments and final resolutions2 3 !( no appeal or ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration is (iled within the ti,e pro'ided in these Rules$ the jud/,ent or (inal resolution shall (orthwith -e entered -. the cler4 in the -oo4 o( entries o( jud/,ents2 The date when the jud/,ent or (inal resolution -eco,es e5ecutor. shall -e dee,ed as the date o( its entr.2 The record shall contain the dispositi'e part o( the jud/,ent or (inal resolution and shall -e si/ned -. the cler4$ with a certi(icate that such jud/,ent or (inal resolution has -eco,e (inal and e5ecutor.2 *6a$ R9:+ Se%&#!n 11' 02e&ution of +udgment2 3 E5cept where the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution$ or a portion thereo($ is ordered to -e i,,ediatel. e5ecutor.$ the ,otion (or its e5ecution ,a. onl. -e (iled in the proper court a(ter its entr.2

!n ori/inal actions in the ourt o( Appeals$ its writ o( e5ecution shall -e acco,panied -. a certi(ied true cop. o( the entr. o( jud/,ent or (inal resolution and addressed to an. appropriate o((icer (or its en(orce,ent2 !n appealed cases$ where the ,otion (or e5ecution pendin/ appeal is (iled in the ourt o( Appeals at a ti,e that it is in possession o( the ori/inal record or the record on appeal$ the resolution /rantin/ such ,otion shall -e trans,itted to the lower court (ro, which the case ori/inated$ to/ether with a certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent or (inal order to -e e5ecuted$ with a directi'e (or such court o( ori/in to issue the proper writ (or its en(orce,ent2 *n+

RULE +( M!&#!n 0!r Re%!n$#-era&#!n Se%&#!n 1' Period for filing2 3 A part. ,a. (ile a ,otion (or reconsideration o( a jud/,ent or (inal resolution within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, notice thereo($ with proo( o( ser'ice on the ad'erse part.2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Se&ond motion for re&onsideration2 3 &o second ,otion (or reconsideration o( a jud/,ent or (inal resolution -. the sa,e part. shall -e entertained2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Resolution of motion2 3 !n the ourt o( Appeals$ a ,otion (or reconsideration shall -e resol'ed within ninet. *9A+ da.s (ro, the date when the court declares it su-,itted (or resolution2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Stay of e2e&ution2 3 The pendenc. o( a ,otion (or reconsideration (iled on ti,e and -. the proper part. shall sta. the e5ecution o( the jud/,ent or (inal resolution sou/ht to -e reconsidered unless the court$ (or /ood reasons$ shall otherwise direct2 *n+

RULE +) Ne= Tr#a Se%&#!n 1' Period for filing; ground2 3 At an. ti,e a(ter the appeal (ro, the lower court has -een per(ected and -e(ore the ourt o( Appeals loses jurisdiction o'er the case$ a part. ,a. (ile a ,otion (or a new trial on the /round o( newl. disco'ered e'idence which could not ha'e -een disco'ered prior to the trial in the court -elow -. the e5ercise o( due dili/ence and which is o( such a character as would pro-a-l. chan/e the result2 The ,otion shall -e acco,panied -. a((ida'its showin/ the (acts constitutin/ the /rounds there(or and the newl. disco'ered e'idence2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 8earing and order2 3 The ourt o( Appeals shall consider the new e'idence to/ether with that adduced at the trial -elow$ and ,a. /rant or re(use a new trial$ or ,a. ,a4e such order$ with notice to -oth parties$ as to the ta4in/ o( (urther testi,on.$ either orall. in court$ or -. depositions$ or render such other jud/,ent as ou/ht to -e rendered upon such ter,s as it ,a. dee, just2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Resolution of motion2 3 !n the ourt o( Appeals$ a ,otion (or new trial shall -e resol'ed within ninet. *9A+ da.s (ro, the date when the court declares it su-,itted (or resolution2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Pro&edure in ne% trial2 3 Unless the court otherwise directs$ the procedure in the new trial shall -e the sa,e as that /ranted -. a Re/ional Trial ourt2 *9a+

RULE +*

In&erna :/$#ne$$ Se%&#!n 1' 1istri'ution of &ases among di(isions2 3 All the cases o( the ourt o( Appeals shall -e allotted a,on/ the di((erent di'isions thereo( (or hearin/ and decision2 The ourt o( Appeals$ sittin/ en 'an&$ shall ,a4e proper orders or rules to /o'ern the allot,ent o( cases a,on/ the di((erent di'isions$ the constitution o( such di'isions$ the re/ular rotation o( Fustices a,on/ the,$ the (ilin/ o( 'acancies occurrin/ therein$ and other ,atters relatin/ to the -usiness o( the court; and such rules shall continue in (orce until repealed or altered -. the Supre,e ourt2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' =uorum of the &ourt2 3 A ,ajorit. o( the actual ,e,-ers o( the court shall constitute a ;uorum (or its sessions en 'an&2 Three ,e,-ers shall constitute a ;uorum (or the sessions o( a di'ision2 The a((ir,ati'e 'otes o( the ,ajorit. o( the ,e,-ers present shall -e necessar. to pass a resolution o( the court en 'an&2 The a((ir,ati'e 'otes o( three ,e,-ers o( a di'ision shall -e necessar. (or the pronounce,ent o( a jud/,ent or (inal resolution$ which shall -e reached in consultation -e(ore the writin/ o( the opinion -. an. ,e,-er o( the di'ision2 *Sec2 11$ (irst par2 o( 0P 0l/2 169$ as a,ended -. Sec2 : o( EO 99+2 *9a+

RULE ++ P/; #%a&#!n$ !0 J/-43en&$ an- F#na Re$! /&#!n$ Se%&#!n 1' Pu'li&ation2 3 The jud/,ents and (inal resolutions o( the court shall -e pu-lished in the O((icial Ba7ette and in the Reports o((iciall. authori7ed -. the court in the lan/ua/e in which the. ha'e -een ori/inall. written$ to/ether with the s.lla-i there(or prepared -. the reporter in consultation with the writers thereo(2 %e,oranda o( all other jud/,ents and (inal resolutions not so pu-lished shall -e ,ade -. the reporter and pu-lished in the O((icial Ba7ette and the authori7ed reports2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Preparation of opinions for pu'li&ation2 3 The reporter shall prepare and pu-lish with each reported jud/,ent and (inal resolution a concise s.nopsis o( the (acts necessar. (or a clear understandin/ o( the case$ the na,es o( counsel$ the ,aterial and contro'erted points in'ol'ed$ the authorities cited therein$ and a s.lla-us which shall -e con(ined to points o( law2 *Sec2 66a$ R2A2 &o2 69:+ *n+ Se%&#!n )' 3eneral ma/e-up of (olumes2 3 The pu-lished decisions and (inal resolutions o( the Supre,e ourt shall -e called =Philippine Reports$= while those o( the ourt o( Appeals shall -e 4nown as the = ourt o( Appeals Reports2= Each 'olu,e thereo( shall contain a ta-le o( the cases reported and the cases cited in the opinions$ with a co,plete alpha-etical inde5 o( the su-ject ,atters o( the 'olu,e2 !t shall consist o( not less than se'en hundred pa/es printed upon /ood paper$ well -ound and nu,-ered consecuti'el. in the order o( the 'olu,es pu-lished2 *Sec2 69a$ R2A2 &o2 69:+ *n+

Pr!%e-/re In T9e S/7re3e C!/r&

RULE +, A' Or#4#na Ca$e$ Se%&#!n 1' )riginal &ases &ogni:a'le2 3 Onl. petitions (or &ertiorari$ prohi-ition$ mandamus$ ;uo %arranto$ ha'eas &orpus$ disciplinar. proceedin/s a/ainst ,e,-ers o( the judiciar. and attorne.s$ and cases a((ectin/ a,-assadors$ other pu-lic ,inisters and consuls ,a. -e (iled ori/inall. in the Supre,e ourt2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Rules appli&a'le2 3 The procedure in ori/inal cases (or &ertiorari$ prohi-ition$ mandamus$ ;uo %arranto and ha'eas &orpus shall -e in accordance with the applica-le pro'isions o( the onstitution$ laws$ and Rules 8:$ 8@$ 89$ )1$ )6 and this Rule$ su-ject to the (ollowin/ pro'isions1

a+ All re(erences in said Rules to the ourt o( Appeals shall -e understood to also appl. to the Supre,e ourt; -+ The portions o( said Rules dealin/ strictl. with and speci(icall. intended (or appealed cases in the ourt o( Appeals shall not -e applica-le; and c+ Ei/hteen *1@+ clearl. le/i-le copies o( the petition shall -e (iled$ to/ether with proo( o( ser'ice on all ad'erse parties2 The proceedin/s (or disciplinar. action a/ainst ,e,-ers o( the judiciar. shall -e /o'erned -. the laws and Rules prescri-ed there(or$ and those a/ainst attorne.s -. Rules 199-0$ as a,ended2 *n+ :' A77ea e- Ca$e$ Se%&#!n )' Mode of appeal2 3 An appeal to the Supre,e ourt ,a. -e ta4en onl. -. a petition (or re'iew on &ertiorari$ e5cept in cri,inal cases where the penalt. i,posed is death$ re&lusion perpetua or li(e i,prison,ent2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Pro&edure2 3 The appeal shall -e /o'erned -. and disposed o( in accordance with the applica-le pro'isions o( the onstitution$ laws$ Rules 8)$ 8@$ sections 1$ 6$ and ) to 11 o( Rule )1$ )6 and this Rule2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' 3rounds for dismissal of appeal2 3 The appeal ,a. -e dis,issed motu proprio or on ,otion o( the respondent on the (ollowin/ /rounds1 *a+ Failure to ta4e the appeal within the re/le,entar. period; *-+ Lac4 o( ,erit in the petition; *c+ Failure to pa. the re?uisite doc4et (ee and other law(ul (ees or to ,a4e a deposit (or costs; *d+ Failure to co,pl. with the re?uire,ents re/ardin/ proo( o( ser'ice and contents o( and the docu,ents which should acco,pan. the petition; *e+ Failure to co,pl. with an. circular$ directi'e or order o( the Supre,e ourt without justi(ia-le cause; *(+ Error in the choice or ,ode o( appeal; and */+ The (act that the case is not appeala-le to the Supre,e ourt2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' 1isposition of improper appeal2 3 E5cept as pro'ided in section 9$ Rule 166 re/ardin/ appeals in cri,inal cases where the penalt. i,posed is death$ re&lusion perpetua or li(e i,prison,ent$ an appeal ta4en to the Supre,e ourt -. notice o( appeal shall -e dis,issed2 An appeal -. &ertiorari ta4en to the Supre,e ourt (ro, the Re/ional Trial ourt su-,ittin/ issues o( (act ,a. -e re(erred to the ourt o( Appeals (or decision or appropriate action2 The deter,ination o( the Supre,e ourt on whether or not issues o( (act are in'ol'ed shall -e (inal2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Pro&edure if opinion is e;ually di(ided2 3 <here the court en 'an& is e?uall. di'ided in opinion$ or the necessar. ,ajorit. cannot -e had$ the case shall a/ain -e deli-erated on$ and i( a(ter such deli-eration no decision is reached$ the ori/inal action co,,enced in the court shall -e dis,issed$ in appealed cases$ the jud/,ent or order appealed (ro, shall stand a((ir,ed; and on all incidental ,atters$ the petition or ,otion shall -e denied2

Pr!"#$#!na Re3e-#e$

RULE +7 Pre #3#nar. A&&a%93en& Se%&#!n 1' 3rounds upon %hi&h atta&hment may issue2 3 At the co,,ence,ent o( the action or at an. ti,e -e(ore entr. o( jud/,ent$ a plainti(( or an. proper part. ,a. ha'e the propert. o( the ad'erse part. attached as securit. (or the satis(action o( an. jud/,ent that ,a. -e reco'ered in the (ollowin/ cases1 *a+ !n an action (or the reco'er. o( a speci(ied a,ount o( ,one. or da,a/es$ other than ,oral and e5e,plar.$ on a cause o( action arisin/ (ro, law$ contract$ ?uasi-contract$ delict or ?uasi-delict a/ainst a part. who is a-out to depart (ro, the Philippines with intent to de(raud his creditors; *-+ !n an action (or ,one. or propert. e,-e77led or (raudulentl. ,isapplied or con'erted to his own use -. a pu-lic o((icer$ or an o((icer o( a corporation$ or an attorne.$ (actor$ -ro4er$ a/ent$ or cler4$ in the course o( his e,plo.,ent as such$ or -. an. other person in a (iduciar. capacit.$ or (or a will(ul 'iolation o( dut.; *c+ !n an action to reco'er the possession o( propert. unjustl. or (raudulentl. ta4en$ detained or con'erted$ when the propert.$ or an. part thereo($ has -een concealed$ re,o'ed$ or disposed o( to pre'ent its -ein/ (ound or ta4en -. the applicant or an authori7ed person; *d+ !n an action a/ainst a part. who has -een /uilt. o( a (raud in contractin/ the de-t or incurrin/ the o-li/ation upon which the action is -rou/ht$ or in the per(or,ance thereo(; *e+ !n an action a/ainst a part. who has re,o'ed or disposed o( his propert.$ or is a-out to do so$ with intent to de(raud his creditors; or *(+ !n an action a/ainst a part. who does not reside and is not (ound in the Philippines$ or on who, su,,ons ,a. -e ser'ed -. pu-lication2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' $ssuan&e and &ontents of order2 3 An order o( attach,ent ,a. -e issued either e2 parte or upon ,otion with notice and hearin/ -. the court in which the action is pendin/$ or -. the ourt o( Appeals or the Supre,e ourt$ and ,ust re?uire the sheri(( o( the court to attach so ,uch o( the propert. in the Philippines o( the part. a/ainst who, it is issued$ not e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution$ as ,a. -e su((icient to satis(. the applicantEs de,and$ unless such part. ,a4es deposit or /i'es a -ond as hereina(ter pro'ided in an a,ount e?ual to that (i5ed in the order$ which ,a. -e the a,ount su((icient to satis(. the applicantEs de,and or the 'alue o( the propert. to -e attached as stated -. the applicant$ e5clusi'e o( costs2 Se'eral writs ,a. -e issued at the sa,e ti,e to the sheri((s o( the courts o( di((erent judicial re/ions2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Affida(it and 'ond re;uired2 3 An order o( attach,ent shall -e /ranted onl. when it appears -. the a((ida'it o( the applicant$ or o( so,e other person who personall. 4nows the (acts$ that a su((icient cause o( action e5ists$ that the case is one o( those ,entioned in section 1 hereo($ that there is no other su((icient securit. (or the clai, sou/ht to -e en(orced -. the action$ and that the a,ount due to the applicant$ or the 'alue o( the propert. the possession o( which he is entitled to reco'er$ is as ,uch as the su, (or which the order is /ranted a-o'e all le/al counterclai,s2 The a((ida'it$ and the -ond re?uired -. the ne5t succeedin/ section$ ,ust -e dul. (iled with the court -e(ore the order issues2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' Condition of appli&ant?s 'ond2 3 The part. appl.in/ (or the order ,ust therea(ter /i'e a -ond e5ecuted to the ad'erse part. in the a,ount (i5ed -. the court in its order /rantin/ the issuance o( the writ$ conditioned that the latter will pa. all the costs which ,a. -e adjud/ed to the ad'erse part. and all da,a/es which he ,a. sustain -. reason o( the attach,ent$ i( the court shall (inall. adjud/e that the applicant was not entitled thereto2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Manner of atta&hing property2 3 The sheri(( en(orcin/ the writ shall without dela. and with all reasona-le dili/ence attach$ to await jud/,ent and e5ecution in the action$ onl. so ,uch o( the propert. in the Philippines o( the part. a/ainst who, the writ is issued$ not e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution$ as ,a. -e su((icient to satis(. the applicantEs de,and$ unless the (or,er ,a4es a deposit with the court (ro, which the writ is issued$ or /i'es a counter--ond

e5ecuted to the applicant$ in an a,ount e?ual to the -ond (i5ed -. the court in the order o( attach,ent or to the 'alue o( the propert. to -e attached$ e5clusi'e o( costs2 &o le'. on attach,ent pursuant to the writ issued under section 6 hereo( shall -e en(orced unless it is preceded$ or conte,poraneousl. acco,panied$ -. ser'ice o( su,,ons$ to/ether with a cop. o( the co,plaint$ the application (or attach,ent the applicantEs a((ida'it and -ond$ and the order and writ o( attach,ent$ on the de(endant within the Philippines2 The re?uire,ent o( prior or conte,poraneous ser'ice o( su,,ons shall not appl. where the su,,ons could not -e ser'ed personall. or -. su-stituted ser'ice despite dili/ent e((orts$ or the de(endant is a resident o( the Philippines te,poraril. a-sent there(ro,$ or the de(endant is a non-resident o( the Philippines$ or the action is one in rem or ;uasi in rem2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Sheriff?s return2 3 A(ter en(orcin/ the writ$ the sheri(( ,ust li4ewise without dela. ,a4e a return thereon to the court (ro, which the writ issued$ with a (ull state,ent o( his proceedin/s under the writ and a co,plete in'entor. o( the propert. attached$ to/ether with an. counter--ond /i'en -. the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued$ and ser'e copies thereo( on the applicant2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Atta&hment of real and personal property; re&ording thereof. 3 Real and personal propert. shall -e attached -. the sheri(( e5ecutin/ the writ in the (ollowin/ ,anner1 *a+ Real propert.$ or /rowin/ crops thereon$ or an. interest therein$ standin/ upon the record o( the re/istr. o( deeds o( the pro'ince in the na,e o( the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued$ or not appearin/ at all upon such records$ or -elon/in/ to the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued and held -. an. other person$ or standin/ on the records o( the re/istr. o( deeds in the na,e o( an. other person$ -. (ilin/ with the re/istr. o( deeds a cop. o( the order$ to/ether with a description o( the propert. attached$ and a notice that it is attached$ or that such real propert. and an. interest therein held -. or standin/ in the na,e o( such other person are attached$ and -. lea'in/ a cop. o( such order$ description$ and notice with the occupant o( the propert.$ i( an.$ or with such other person or his a/ent i( (ound within the pro'ince2 <here the propert. has -een -rou/ht under the operation o( either the Land Re/istration Act or the Propert. Re/istration #ecree$ the notice shall contain a re(erence to the nu,-er o( the certi(icate o( title$ the 'olu,e and pa/e in the re/istration -oo4 where the certi(icate is re/istered$ and the re/istered owner or owners thereo(2 The re/istrar o( deeds ,ust inde5 attach,ents (iled under this section in the na,es o( the applicant$ the ad'erse part.$ or the person -. who, the propert. is held or in whose na,e it stands in the records2 !( the attach,ent is not clai,ed on the entire area o( the land co'ered -. the certi(icate o( title$ a description su((icientl. accurate (or the identi(ication o( the land or interest to -e a((ected shall -e included in the re/istration o( such attach,ent; *-+ Personal propert. capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ -. ta4in/ and sa(el. 4eepin/ it in his custod.$ a(ter issuin/ the correspondin/ receipt there(or2 *c+ Stoc4s or shares$ or an interest in stoc4s or shares$ o( an. corporation or co,pan.$ -. lea'in/ with the president or ,ana/in/ a/ent thereo($ a cop. o( the writ$ and a notice statin/ that the stoc4 or interest o( the part. a/ainst who, the attach,ent is issued is attached in pursuance o( such writ; *d+ #e-ts and credits$ includin/ -an4 deposits$ (inancial interest$ ro.alties$ co,,issions and other personal propert. not capa-le o( ,anual deli'er.$ -. lea'in/ with the person owin/ such de-ts$ or ha'in/ in his possession or under his control$ such credits or other personal propert.$ or with his a/ent$ a cop. o( the writ$ and notice that the de-ts owin/ -. hi, to the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued$ and the credits and other personal propert. in his possession$ or under his control$ -elon/in/ to said part.$ are attached in pursuance o( such writ; *e+ The interest o( the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued in propert. -elon/in/ to the estate o( the decedent$ whether as heir$ le/atee$ or de'isee$ -. ser'in/ the e5ecutor or ad,inistrator or other personal representati'e o( the decedent with a cop. o( the writ and notice that said interest is attached2 A cop. o( said writ o( attach,ent and o( said notice shall also -e (iled in the o((ice o( the cler4 o( the court in which said estate is -ein/ settled and ser'ed upon the heir$ le/atee or de'isee concerned2 !( the propert. sou/ht to -e attached is in &ustodia legis$ a cop. o( the writ o( attach,ent shall -e (iled with the proper court or ?uasi-judicial a/enc.$ and notice o( the attach,ent ser'ed upon the custodian o( such propert.2 *7a+

Se%&#!n 1' 0ffe&t of atta&hment of de'ts$ &redits and all other similar personal property2 3 All persons ha'in/ in their possession or under their control an. credits or other si,ilar personal propert. -elon/in/ to the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent is issued$ or owin/ an. de-ts to hi,$ at the ti,e o( ser'ice upon the, o( the cop. o( the writ o( attach,ent and notice as pro'ided in the last precedin/ section$ shall -e lia-le to the applicant (or the a,ount o( such credits$ de-ts or other si,ilar personal propert.$ until the attach,ent is dischar/ed$ or an. jud/,ent reco'ered -. hi, is satis(ied$ unless such propert. is deli'ered or trans(erred$ or such de-ts are paid$ to the cler4$ sheri(($ or other proper o((icer o( the court issuin/ the attach,ent2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' 0ffe&t of atta&hment of interests in property 'elonging to the estate of a de&edent2 3 The attach,ent o( the interest o( an heir$ le/atee$ or de'isee in the propert. -elon/in/ to the estate o( a decedent shall not i,pair the powers o( the e5ecutor$ ad,inistrator$ or other personal representati'e o( the decedent o'er such propert. (or the purpose o( ad,inistration2 Such personal representati'e$ howe'er$ shall report the attach,ent to the court when an. petition (or distri-ution is (iled$ and in the order ,ade upon such petition$ distri-ution ,a. -e awarded to such heir$ le/atee or de'isee$ -ut the propert. attached shall -e ordered deli'ered to the sheri(( ,a4in/ the le'.$ su-ject to the clai, o( such heir$ le/atee$ or de'isee$ or an. person clai,in/ under hi,2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 12' 02amination of party %hose property is atta&hed and persons inde'ted to him or &ontrolling his property; deli(ery of property to sheriff. 3 An. person owin/ de-ts to the part. whose propert. is attached or ha'in/ in his possession or under his control an. credit or other personal propert. -elon/in/ to such part.$ ,a. -e re?uired to attend -e(ore the court in which the action is pendin/$ or -e(ore a co,,issioner appointed -. the court$ and -e e5a,ined on oath respectin/ the sa,e2 The part. whose propert. is attached ,a. also -e re?uired to attend (or the purpose o( /i'in/ in(or,ation respectin/ his propert.$ and ,a. -e e5a,ined on oath2 The court ,a.$ a(ter such e5a,ination$ order personal propert. capa-le o( ,anual deli'er. -elon/in/ to hi,$ in the possession o( the person so re?uired to attend -e(ore the court$ to -e deli'ered to the cler4 o( the court or sheri(( on such ter,s as ,a. -e just$ ha'in/ re(erence to an. lien thereon or clai, a/ainst the sa,e$ to await the jud/,ent in the action2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 11' ,hen atta&hed property may 'e sold after le(y on atta&hment and 'efore entry of +udgment2 3 <hene'er it shall -e ,ade to appear to the court in which the action is pendin/$ upon hearin/ with notice to -oth parties$ that the propert. attached is perisha-le$ or that the interests o( all the parties to the action will -e su-ser'ed -. the sale thereo($ the court ,a. order such propert. to -e sold at pu-lic auction in such ,anner as it ,a. direct$ and the proceeds o( such sale to -e deposited in court to a-ide the jud/,ent in the action2 *11a+ Se%&#!n 1(' 1is&harge of atta&hment upon gi(ing &ounter-'ond2 3 A(ter a writ o( attach,ent has -een en(orced$ the part. whose propert. has -een attached$ or the person appearin/ on his -ehal($ ,a. ,o'e (or the dischar/e o( the attach,ent wholl. or in part on the securit. /i'en2 The court shall$ a(ter due notice and hearin/$ order the dischar/e o( the attach,ent i( the ,o'ant ,a4es a cash deposit$ or (iles a counter--ond e5ecuted to the attachin/ part. with the cler4 o( the court where the application is ,ade$ in an a,ount e?ual to that (i5ed -. the court in the order o( attach,ent$ e5clusi'e o( costs2 0ut i( the attach,ent is sou/ht to -e dischar/ed with respect to a particular propert.$ the counter--ond shall -e e?ual to the 'alue o( that propert. as deter,ined -. the court2 !n either case$ the cash deposit or the counter--ond shall secure the pa.,ent o( an. jud/,ent that the attachin/ part. ,a. reco'er in the action2 A notice o( the deposit shall (orthwith -e ser'ed on the attachin/ part.2 Upon the dischar/e o( an attach,ent in accordance with the pro'isions o( this section$ the propert. attached$ or the proceeds o( an. sale thereo($ shall -e deli'ered to the part. ,a4in/ the deposit or /i'in/ the counter--ond$ or to the person appearin/ on his -ehal($ the deposit or counter--ond a(oresaid standin/ in place o( the propert. so released2 Should such counter--ond (or an. reason -e (ound to -e or -eco,e insu((icient$ and the part. (urnishin/ the sa,e (ail to (ile an additional counter--ond$ the attachin/ part. ,a. appl. (or a new order o( attach,ent2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1)' 1is&harge of atta&hment on other grounds2 3 The part. whose propert. has -een ordered attached ,a. (ile a ,otion with the court in which he action is pendin/$ -e(ore or a(ter le'. or e'en a(ter the release o( the attached propert.$ (or an order to set aside or dischar/e the attach,ent on the /round that the sa,e was i,properl. or irre/ularl. issued or en(orced$ or that the -ond is insu((icient2 !( the attach,ent is e5cessi'e$ the dischar/e shall -e li,ited to the e5cess2 !( the ,otion -e ,ade on a((ida'its on the part o( the ,o'ant -ut not otherwise$ the attachin/ part. ,a. oppose the ,otion -. counter-a((ida'its or other e'idence in addition to that on which the attach,ent was ,ade2 A(ter due notice and hearin/$ the court shall order the settin/ aside or the correspondin/ dischar/e o( the attach,ent i( it appears that it was i,properl. or irre/ularl. issued or en(orced$ or that the -ond is insu((icient$ or that the attach,ent is e5cessi'e$ and the de(ect is not cured (orthwith2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 1*' Pro&eedings %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3 !( the propert. attached is clai,ed -. an. person other than the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent had -een issued or his a/ent$ and such person ,a4es an a((ida'it o( his title thereto$ or ri/ht to the possession thereo($ statin/ the /rounds o( such ri/ht or title$ and ser'es

such a((ida'it upon the sheri(( while the latter has possession o( the attached propert.$ and a cop. thereo( upon the attachin/ part.$ the sheri(( shall not -e -ound to 4eep the propert. under attach,ent$ unless the attachin/ part. or his a/ent$ on de,and o( the sheri(($ shall (ile a -ond appro'ed -. the court to inde,ni(. the third-part. clai,ant in a su, not less than the 'alue o( the propert. le'ied upon2 !n case o( disa/ree,ent as to such 'alue$ the sa,e shall -e decided -. the court issuin/ the writ o( attach,ent2 &o clai, (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( the propert. ,a. -e en(orced a/ainst the -ond unless the action there(or is (iled within one hundred twent. *16A+ da.s (ro, the date o( the (ilin/ o( the -ond2 The sheri(( shall not -e lia-le (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( such propert. to an. such third-part. clai,ant$ i( such -ond shall -e (iled2 &othin/ herein contained shall pre'ent such clai,ant or an. third person (ro, 'indicatin/ his clai, to the propert.$ or pre'ent the attachin/ part. (ro, clai,in/ da,a/es a/ainst a third-part. clai,ant who (iled a (ri'olous or plainl. spurious clai,$ in the sa,e or a separate action2 <hen the writ o( attach,ent is issued in (a'or o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ or an. o((icer dul. representin/ it$ the (ilin/ o( such -ond shall not -e re?uired$ and in case the sheri(( is sued (or da,a/es as a result o( the attach,ent$ he shall -e represented -. the Solicitor Beneral$ and i( held lia-le there(or$ the actual da,a/es adjud/ed -. the court shall -e paid -. the &ational Treasurer out o( the (unds to -e appropriated (or the purpose2 *18a+ Se%&#!n 1+' Satisfa&tion of +udgment out of property atta&hed$ return of sheriff. 3 !( jud/,ent -e reco'ered -. the attachin/ part. and e5ecution issue thereon$ the sheri(( ,a. cause the jud/,ent to -e satis(ied out o( the propert. attached$ i( it -e su((icient (or that purpose in the (ollowin/ ,anner1 *a+ 0. pa.in/ to the jud/,ent o-li/ee the proceeds o( all sales o( perisha-le or other propert. sold in pursuance o( the order o( the court$ or so ,uch as shall -e necessar. to satis(. the jud/,ent; *-+ !( an. -alance re,ains due$ -. sellin/ so ,uch o( the propert.$ real or personal$ as ,a. -e necessar. to satis(. the -alance$ i( enou/h (or that purpose re,ain in the sheri((Es hands$ or in those the cler4 o( the court; *c+ 0. collectin/ (ro, all persons ha'in/ in their possession credits -elon/in/ to the jud/,ent o-li/or$ or owin/ de-ts to the latter at the ti,e o( the attach,ent o( such credits or de-ts$ the a,ount o( such credits and de-ts as deter,ined -. the court in the action$ and stated in the jud/,ent$ and pa.in/ the proceeds o( such collection o'er to the jud/,ent o-li/ee2 The sheri(( shall (orthwith ,a4e a return in writin/ to the court o( his proceedin/s under this section and (urnish the parties with copies thereo(2 *1)a+ Se%&#!n 1,' Balan&e due &olle&ted upon an e2e&ution; e2&ess deli(ered to +udgment o'ligor2 3 !( a(ter reali7in/ upon all the propert. attached$ includin/ the proceeds o( an. de-ts or credits collected$ and appl.in/ the proceeds to the satis(action o( the jud/,ent less the e5penses o( proceedin/s upon the jud/,ent an. -alance shall re,ain due$ the sheri(( ,ust proceed to collect such -alance as upon ordinar. e5ecution2 <hene'er the jud/,ent shall ha'e -een paid$ the sheri(($ upon reasona-le de,and$ ,ust return to the jud/,ent o-li/or the attached propert. re,ainin/ in his hands$ and an. proceeds o( the sale o( the propert. attached not applied to the jud/,ent2 *1:a+ Se%&#!n 17' Re&o(ery upon the &ounter-'ond2 3 <hen the jud/,ent has -eco,e e5ecutor.$ the suret. or sureties on an. counter--ond /i'en pursuant to the pro'isions o( this Rule to secure the pa.,ent o( the jud/,ent shall -eco,e char/ed on such counter--ond and -ound to pa. the jud/,ent o-li/ee upon de,and the a,ount due under the jud/,ent$ which a,ount ,a. -e reco'ered (ro, such suret. or sureties a(ter notice and su,,ar. hearin/ in the sa,e action2 *17a+ Se%&#!n 11' 1isposition of money deposited2 3 <here the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent had -een issued has deposited ,one. instead o( /i'in/ counter--ond$ it shall -e applied under the direction o( the court to the satis(action o( an. jud/,ent rendered in (a'or o( the attachin/ part.$ and a(ter satis(.in/ the jud/,ent the -alance shall -e re(unded to the depositor or his assi/nee2 !( the jud/,ent is in (a'or o( the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent was issued$ the whole su, deposited ,ust -e re(unded to hi, or his assi/nee2 *1@a+ Se%&#!n 19' 1isposition of atta&hed property %here +udgment is for party against %hom atta&hment %as issued2 3 !( jud/,ent -e rendered a/ainst the attachin/ part.$ all the proceeds o( sales and ,one. collected or recei'ed -. the

sheri(($ under the order o( attach,ent$ and all propert. attached re,ainin/ in an. such o((icerEs hands$ shall -e deli'ered to the part. a/ainst who, attach,ent was issued$ and the order o( attach,ent dischar/ed2 *19a+ Se%&#!n (2' Claim for damages on a&&ount of improper$ irregular or e2&essi(e atta&hment2 3 An application (or da,a/es on account o( i,proper$ irre/ular or e5cessi'e attach,ent ,ust -e (iled -e(ore the trial or -e(ore appeal is per(ected or -e(ore the jud/,ent -eco,es e5ecutor.$ with due notice to the attachin/ part. and his suret. or sureties settin/ (orth the (acts showin/ his ri/ht to da,a/es and the a,ount thereo(2 Such da,a/es ,a. -e awarded onl. a(ter proper hearin/ and shall -e included in the jud/,ent on the ,ain case2 !( the jud/,ent o( the appellate court -e (a'ora-le to the part. a/ainst who, the attach,ent was issued he ,ust clai, da,a/es sustained durin/ the pendenc. o( the appeal -. (ilin/ an application in the appellate court$ with notice to the part. in whose (a'or the attach,ent was issued or his suret. or sureties$ -e(ore the jud/,ent o( the appellate court -eco,es e5ecutor.2 The appellate court ,a. allow the application to -e heard and decided -. the trial court2 &othin/ herein contained shall pre'ent the part. a/ainst who, the attach,ent was issued (ro, reco'erin/ in the sa,e action the da,a/es awarded to hi, (ro, an. propert. o( the attachin/ part. not e5e,pt (ro, e5ecution should the -ond or deposit /i'en -. the latter -e insu((icient or (ail to (ull. satis(. the award2 *6Aa+

RULE +1 Pre #3#nar. In?/n%&#!n Se%&#!n 1' Preliminary in+un&tion defined; &lasses2 3 A preli,inar. injunction is an order /ranted at an. sta/e o( an action or proceedin/ prior to the jud/,ent or (inal order$ re?uirin/ a part. or a court$ a/enc. or a person to re(rain (ro, a particular act or acts2 !t ,a. also re?uire the per(or,ance o( a particular act or acts$ in which case it shall -e 4nown as a preli,inar. ,andator. injunction2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' ,ho may grant preliminary in+un&tion2 3 A preli,inar. injunction ,a. -e /ranted -. the court where the action or proceedin/ is pendin/2 !( the action or proceedin/ is pendin/ in the ourt o( Appeals or in the Supre,e ourt$ it ,a. -e issued -. said court or an. ,e,-er thereo(2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' 3rounds for issuan&e of preliminary in+un&tion2 3 A preli,inar. injunction ,a. -e /ranted when it is esta-lished1 *a+ That the applicant is entitled to the relie( de,anded$ and the whole or part o( such relie( consists in restrainin/ the co,,ission or continuance o( the act or acts co,plained o($ or in re?uirin/ the per(or,ance o( an act or acts either (or a li,ited period or perpetuall.; *-+ That the co,,ission$ continuance or non-per(or,ance o( the act or acts co,plained o( durin/ the liti/ation would pro-a-l. wor4 injustice to the applicant; or *c+ That a part.$ court$ a/enc. or a person is doin/$ threatenin/$ or is atte,ptin/ to do$ or is procurin/ or su((erin/ to -e done so,e act or acts pro-a-l. in 'iolation o( the ri/hts o( the applicant respectin/ the su-ject o( the action or proceedin/$ and tendin/ to render the jud/,ent ine((ectual2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 4erified appli&ation and 'ond for preliminary in+un&tion or temporary restraining order2 3 A preli,inar. injunction or te,porar. restrainin/ order ,a. -e /ranted onl. when1 *a+ The application in the action or proceedin/ is 'eri(ied$ and shows (acts entitlin/ the applicant to the relie( de,anded; and *-+ Unless e5e,pted -. the court the applicant (iles with the court where the action or proceedin/ is pendin/$ a -ond e5ecuted to the part. or person enjoined$ in an a,ount to -e (i5ed -. the court$ to the e((ect that the applicant will pa. to such part. or person all da,a/es which he ,a. sustain -. reason o( the

injunction or te,porar. restrainin/ order i( the court should (inall. decide that the applicant was not entitled thereto2 Upon appro'al o( the re?uisite -ond$ a writ o( preli,inar. injunction shall -e issued2 *8a+ *c+ <hen an application (or a writ o( preli,inar. injunction or a te,porar. restrainin/ order is included in a co,plaint or an. initiator. pleadin/$ the case$ i( (iled in a ,ultiple-sala court$ shall -e ra((led onl. a(ter notice to and in the presence o( the ad'erse part. or the person to -e enjoined2 !n an. e'ent$ such notice shall -e preceded$ or conte,poraneousl. acco,panied$ -. ser'ice o( su,,ons$ to/ether with a cop. o( the co,plaint or initiator. pleadin/ and the applicantEs a((ida'it and -ond$ upon the ad'erse part. in the Philippines2 >owe'er$ where the su,,ons could not -e ser'ed personall. or -. su-stituted ser'ice despite dili/ent e((orts$ or the ad'erse part. is a resident o( the Philippines te,poraril. a-sent there(ro, or is a nonresident thereo($ the re?uire,ent o( prior or conte,poraneous ser'ice o( su,,ons shall not appl.2 *d+ The application (or a te,porar. restrainin/ order shall therea(ter -e acted upon onl. a(ter all parties are heard in a su,,ar. hearin/ which shall -e conducted within twent.-(our *68+ hours a(ter the sheri((Es return o( ser'ice andGor the records are recei'ed -. the -ranch selected -. ra((le and to which the records shall -e trans,itted i,,ediatel.2 Se%&#!n +' Preliminary in+un&tion not granted %ithout noti&e; e2&eption2 3 &o preli,inar. injunction shall -e /ranted without hearin/ and prior notice to the part. or person sou/ht to -e enjoined2 !( it shall appear (ro, (acts shown -. a((ida'its or -. the 'eri(ied application that /reat or irrepara-le injur. would result to the applicant -e(ore the ,atter can -e heard on notice$ the court to which the application (or preli,inar. injunction was ,ade$ ,a. issue a te,porar. restrainin/ order to -e e((ecti'e onl. (or a period o( twent. *6A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice on the part. or person sou/ht to -e enjoined$ e5cept as herein pro'ided2 <ithin the said twent.-da. period$ the court ,ust order said part. or person to show cause$ at a speci(ied ti,e and place$ wh. the injunction should not -e /ranted$ deter,ine within the sa,e period whether or not the preli,inar. injunction shall -e /ranted$ and accordin/l. issue the correspondin/ order2 *0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 17 Fe-ruar. 199@+ >owe'er$ and su-ject to the pro'isions o( the precedin/ sections$ i( the ,atter is o( e5tre,e ur/enc. and the applicant will su((er /ra'e injustice and irrepara-le injur.$ the e5ecuti'e jud/e o( a ,ultiple-sala court or the presidin/ jud/e o( a sin/le sala court ,a. issue e2 parte a te,porar. restrainin/ order e((ecti'e (or onl. se'ent.-two *76+ hours (ro, issuance -ut he shall i,,ediatel. co,pl. with the pro'isions o( the ne5t precedin/ section as to ser'ice o( su,,ons and the docu,ents to -e ser'ed therewith2 Therea(ter$ within the a(oresaid se'ent.-two *76+ hours$ the jud/e -e(ore who, the case is pendin/ shall conduct a su,,ar. hearin/ to deter,ine whether the te,porar. restrainin/ order shall -e e5tended until the application (or preli,inar. injunction can -e heard2 !n no case shall the total period o( e((ecti'it. o( the te,porar. restrainin/ order e5ceed twent. *6A+ da.s$ includin/ the ori/inal se'ent.two hours pro'ided herein2 !n the e'ent that the application (or preli,inar. injunction is denied or not resol'ed within the said period$ the te,porar. restrainin/ order is dee,ed$ auto,aticall. 'acated2 The e((ecti'it. o( a te,porar. restrainin/ order is not e5tendi-le without need o( an. judicial declaration to that e((ect and no court shall ha'e authorit. to e5tend or renew the sa,e on the sa,e /round (or which it was issued2 >owe'er$ i( issued -. the ourt o( Appeals or a ,e,-er thereo($ the te,porar. restrainin/ order shall -e e((ecti'e (or si5t. *:A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice on the part. or person sou/ht to -e enjoined2 A restrainin/$ order issued -. the Supre,e ourt or a ,e,-er thereo( shall -e e((ecti'e until (urther orders2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' 3rounds for o'+e&tion to$ or for motion of dissolution of, in+un&tion or restraining order2 3 The application (or injunction or restrainin/ order ,a. -e denied$ upon a showin/ o( its insu((icienc.2 The injunction or restrainin/ order ,a. also -e denied$ or$ i( /ranted$ ,a. -e dissol'ed$ on other /rounds upon a((ida'its o( the part. or person enjoined$ which ,a. -e opposed -. the applicant also -. a((ida'its2 !t ,a. (urther -e denied$ or i( /ranted$ ,a. -e dissol'ed$ i( it appears a(ter hearin/ that althou/h the applicant is entitled to the injunction or restrainin/ order$ the issuance or continuance thereo($ as the case ,a. -e$ would cause irrepara-le da,a/e to the part. or person enjoined while the applicant can -e (ull. co,pensated (or such da,a/es as he ,a. su((er$ and the (or,er (iles a -ond in an a,ount (i5ed -. the court conditioned that he will pa. all da,a/es which the applicant ,a. su((er -. the denial or the dissolution o( the injunction or restrainin/ order2 !( it appears that the e5tent o( the preli,inar. injunction or restrainin/ order /ranted is too /reat$ it ,a. -e ,odi(ied2 *:a+

Se%&#!n 7' Ser(i&e of &opies of 'onds; effe&t of disappro(al of same2 3 The part. (ilin/ a -ond in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rule shall (orthwith ser'e a cop. o( such -ond on the other part.$ who ,a. e5cept to the su((icienc. o( the -ond$ or o( the suret. or sureties thereon2 !( the applicantEs -ond is (ound to -e insu((icient in a,ount$ or i( the suret. or sureties thereon (ail to justi(.$ and a -ond su((icient in a,ount with su((icient sureties appro'ed a(ter justi(ication is not (iled (orthwith the injunction shall -e dissol'ed2 !( the -ond o( the ad'erse part. is (ound to -e insu((icient in a,ount$ or the suret. or sureties thereon (ail to justi(. a -ond su((icient in a,ount with su((icient sureties appro'ed a(ter justi(ication is not (iled (orthwith$ the injunction shall -e /ranted or restored$ as the case ,a. -e2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 1' *udgment to in&lude damages against party and sureties2 3 At the trial$ the a,ount o( da,a/es to -e awarded to either part.$ upon the -ond o( the ad'erse part.$ shall -e clai,ed$ ascertained$ and awarded under the sa,e procedure prescri-ed in section 6A o( Rule )72 *9a+ Se%&#!n 9' ,hen final in+un&tion granted2 3 !( a(ter the trial o( the action it appears that the applicant is entitled to ha'e the act or acts co,plained o( per,anentl. enjoined the court shall /rant a (inal injunction perpetuall. restrainin/ the part. or person enjoined (ro, the co,,ission or continuance o( the act or acts o( con(ir,in/ the preli,inar. ,andator. injunction2 *1Aa+

RULE +9 Re%e#"er$9#7 Se%&#!n 1' Appointment of re&ei(er2 3 Upon a 'eri(ied application$ one or ,ore recei'ers o( the propert. su-ject o( the action or proceedin/ ,a. -e appointed -. the court where the action is pendin/ or -. the ourt o( Appeals or -. the Supre,e ourt$ or a ,e,-er thereo($ in the (ollowin/ cases1 *a+ <hen it appears (ro, the 'eri(ied application$ and such other proo( as the court ,a. re?uire$ that the part. appl.in/ (or the appoint,ent o( a recei'er has an interest in the propert. or (und which is the su-ject o( the action or proceedin/$ and that such propert. or (und is in dan/er o( -ein/ lost$ re,o'ed$ or ,ateriall. injured unless a recei'er -e appointed to ad,inister and preser'e it; *-+ <hen it appears in an action -. the ,ort/a/ee (or the (oreclosure o( a ,ort/a/e that the propert. is in dan/er o( -ein/ wasted or dissipated or ,ateriall. injured$ and that its 'alue is pro-a-l. insu((icient to dischar/e the ,ort/a/e de-t$ or that the parties ha'e so stipulated in the contract o( ,ort/a/e; *c+ A(ter jud/,ent$ to preser'e the propert. durin/ the pendenc. o( an appeal$ or to dispose o( it accordin/ to the jud/,ent$ or to aid e5ecution when the e5ecution has -een returned unsatis(ied or the jud/,ent o-li/or re(uses to appl. his propert. in satis(action o( the jud/,ent$ or otherwise to carr. the jud/,ent into e((ect; *d+ <hene'er in other cases it appears that the appoint,ent o( a recei'er is the ,ost con'enient and (easi-le ,eans o( preser'in/$ ad,inisterin/$ or disposin/ o( the propert. in liti/ation2 #urin/ the pendenc. o( an appeal$ the appellate court ,a. allow an application (or the appoint,ent o( a recei'er to -e (iled in and decided -. the court o( ori/in and the recei'er appointed to -e su-ject to the control o( said court2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Bond on appointment of re&ei(er2 3 0e(ore issuin/ the order appointin/ a recei'er the court shall re?uire the applicant to (ile a -ond e5ecuted to the part. a/ainst who, the application is presented$ in an a,ount to -e (i5ed -. the court$ to the e((ect that the applicant will pa. such part. all da,a/es he ,a. sustain -. reason o( the appoint,ent o( such recei'er in case the applicant shall ha'e procured such appoint,ent without su((icient cause; and the court ,a.$ in its discretion$ at an. ti,e a(ter the appoint,ent$ re?uire an additional -ond as (urther securit. (or such da,a/es2 *9a+ Se%&#!n )' 1enial of appli&ation or dis&harge of re&ei(er2 3 The application ,a. -e denied$ or the recei'er dischar/ed$ when the ad'erse part. (iles a -ond e5ecuted to the applicant$ in an a,ount to -e (i5ed -. the court$ to

the e((ect that such part. will pa. the applicant all da,a/es he ,a. su((er -. reason o( the acts$ o,issions$ or other ,atters speci(ied in the application as /round (or such appoint,ent2 The recei'er ,a. also -e dischar/ed i( it is shown that his appoint,ent was o-tained without su((icient cause2 *8a+ Se%&#!n *' )ath and 'ond of re&ei(er2 3 0e(ore enterin/ upon his duties$ the recei'er shall -e sworn to per(or, the, (aith(ull.$ and shall (ile a -ond$ e5ecuted to such person and in such su, as the court ,a. direct$ to the e((ect that he will (aith(ull. dischar/e his duties in the action or proceedin/ and o-e. the orders o( the court2 *)a+ Se%&#!n +' Ser(i&e of &opies of 'onds; effe&t of disappro(al of same2 3 The person (ilin/ a -ond in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rule shall (orthwith ser'e a cop. thereo( on each interested part.$ who ,a. e5cept to its su((icienc. or o( the suret. or sureties thereon2 !( either the applicantEs or the recei'erEs -ond is (ound to -e insu((icient in a,ount$ or i( the suret. or sureties thereon (ail to justi(.$ and a -ond su((icient in a,ount with su((icient sureties appro'ed a(ter justi(ication is not (iled (orthwith$ the application shall -e denied or the recei'er dischar/ed$ as the case ,a. -e2 !( the -ond o( the ad'erse part. is (ound to -e insu((icient in a,ount or the suret. or sureties thereon (ail to justi(.$ and a -ond su((icient in a,ount with su((icient sureties appro'ed a(ter justi(ication is not (iled (orthwith$ the recei'er shall -e appointed or re-appointed$ as the case ,a. -e2 *:a+ Se%&#!n ,' 3eneral po%ers of re&ei(er2 3 Su-ject to the control o( the court in which the action or proceedin/ is pendin/ a recei'er shall ha'e the power to -rin/ and de(end$ in such capacit.$ actions in his own na,e; to ta4e and 4eep possession o( the propert. in contro'ers.; to recei'e rents; to collect de-ts due to hi,sel( as recei'er or to the (und$ propert.$ estate$ person$ or corporation o( which he is the recei'er; to co,pound (or and co,pro,ise the sa,e; to ,a4e trans(ers; to pa. outstandin/ de-ts; to di'ide the ,one. and other propert. that shall re,ain a,on/ the persons le/all. entitled to recei'e the sa,e; and /enerall. to do such acts respectin/ the propert. as the court ,a. authori7e2 >owe'er$ (unds in the hands o( a recei'er ,a. -e in'ested onl. -. order o( the court upon the written consent o( all the parties to the action2 *7a+ &o action ,a. -e (iled -. or a/ainst a recei'er without lea'e o( the court which appointed hi,2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' <ia'ility for refusal or negle&t to deli(er property to re&ei(er2 3 A person who re(uses or ne/lects$ upon reasona-le de,and$ to deli'er to the recei'er all the propert.$ ,one.$ -oo4s$ deeds$ notes$ -ills$ docu,ents and papers within his power or control$ su-ject o( or in'ol'ed in the action or proceedin/$ or in case o( disa/ree,ent$ as deter,ined and ordered -. the court$ ,a. -e punished (or conte,pt and shall -e lia-le to the recei'er (or the ,one. or the 'alue o( the propert. and other thin/s so re(used or ne/lected to -e surrendered$ to/ether with all da,a/es that ,a. ha'e -een sustained -. the part. or parties entitled thereto as a conse?uence o( such re(usal or ne/lect2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' #ermination of re&ei(ership; &ompensation of re&ei(er2 3 <hene'er the court$ motu proprio or on ,otion o( either part.$ shall deter,ine that the necessit. (or a recei'er no lon/er e5ists$ it shall$ a(ter due notice to all interested parties and hearin/$ settle the accounts o( the recei'er$ direct the deli'er. o( the (unds and other propert. in his possession to the person adjud/ed to -e entitled to recei'e the, and order the dischar/e o( the recei'er (ro, (urther dut. as such2 The court shall allow the recei'er such reasona-le co,pensation as the circu,stances o( the case warrant$ to -e ta5ed as costs a/ainst the de(eated part.$ or apportioned$ as justice re?uires2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' *udgment to in&lude re&o(ery against sureties2 3 The a,ount$ i( an.$ to -e awarded to an. part. upon an. -ond (iled in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rule$ shall -e clai,ed$ ascertained$ and /ranted under the sa,e procedure prescri-ed in section 6A o( Rule )72 *9a+

RULE ,2 Re7 e"#n Se%&#!n 1' Appli&ation2 3 A part. pra.in/ (or the reco'er. o( possession o( personal propert. ,a.$ at the co,,ence,ent o( the action or at an. ti,e -e(ore answer$ appl. (or an order (or the deli'er. o( such propert. to hi,$ in the ,anner hereina(ter pro'ided2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Affida(it and 'ond2 3 The applicant ,ust show -. his own a((ida'it or that o( so,e other person who personall. 4nows the (acts1

*a+ That the applicant is the owner o( the propert. clai,ed$ particularl. descri-in/ it$ or is entitled to the possession thereo(; *-+ That the propert. is wron/(ull. detained -. the ad'erse part.$ alle/in/ the cause o( detention thereo( accordin/ to the -est o( his 4nowled/e$ in(or,ation$ and -elie( ; *c+ That the propert. has not -een distrained or ta4en (or a ta5 assess,ent or a (ine pursuant to law$ or sei7ed under a writ o( e5ecution or preli,inar. attach,ent$ or otherwise placed under &ustodia legis$ or i( so sei7ed$ that it is e5e,pt (ro, such sei7ure or custod.; and *d+ The actual ,ar4et 'alue o( the propert.2 The applicant ,ust also /i'e a -ond$ e5ecuted to the ad'erse part. in dou-le the 'alue o( the propert. as stated in the a((ida'it a(ore,entioned$ (or the return o( the propert. to the ad'erse part. i( such return -e adjud/ed$ and (or the pa.,ent to the ad'erse part. o( such su, as he ,a. reco'er (ro, the applicant in the action2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' )rder2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( such a((ida'it and appro'al o( the -ond$ the court shall issue an order and the correspondin/ writ o( reple'in$ descri-in/ the personal propert. alle/ed to -e wron/(ull. detained and re?uirin/ the sheri(( (orthwith to ta4e such propert. into his custod.2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 1uty of the sheriff. 3 Upon recei'in/ such order$ the sheri(( ,ust ser'e a cop. thereo( on the ad'erse part.$ to/ether with a cop. o( the application$ a((ida'it and -ond$ and ,ust (orthwith ta4e the propert.$ i( it -e in the possession o( the ad'erse part.$ or his a/ent$ and retain it in his custod.2 !( the propert. or an. part thereo( -e concealed in a -uildin/ or enclosure$ the sheri(( ,ust de,and its deli'er.$ and i( it -e not deli'ered$ he ,ust cause the -uildin/ or enclosure to -e -ro4en open and ta4e the propert. into his possession2 A(ter the sheri(( has ta4e possession o( the propert. as herein pro'ided$ he ,ust 4eep it in a secure place and shall -e responsi-le (or its deli'er. to the part. entitled thereto upon recei'in/ his (ees and necessar. e5penses (or ta4in/ and 4eepin/ the sa,e2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Return of property2 3 !( the ad'erse part. o-jects to the su((icienc. o( the applicantEs -ond$ or o( the suret. or sureties thereon$ he cannot i,,ediatel. re?uire the return o( the propert.$ -ut i( he does not so o-ject$ he ,a.$ at an. ti,e -e(ore the deli'er. o( the propert. to the applicant$ re?uire the return thereo($ -. (ilin/ with the court where the action is pendin/ a -ond e5ecuted to the applicant$ in dou-le the 'alue o( the propert. as stated in the applicantEs a((ida'it (or the deli'er. thereo( to the applicant$ i( such deli'er. -e adjud/ed$ and (or the pa.,ent o( such su,$ to hi, as ,a. -e reco'ered a/ainst the ad'erse part.$ and -. ser'in/ a cop. o( such -ond on the applicant2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' 1isposition of property 'y sheriff. 3 !( within (i'e *)+ da.s a(ter the ta4in/ o( the propert. -. the sheri(($ the ad'erse part. does not o-ject to the su((icienc. o( the -ond$ or o( the suret. or sureties thereon; or i( the ad'erse part. so o-jects and the court a((ir,s its appro'al o( the applicantEs -ond or appro'es a new -ond$ or i( the ad'erse part. re?uires the return o( the propert. -ut his -ond is o-jected to and (ound insu((icient and he does not (orthwith (ile an appro'ed -ond$ the propert. shall -e deli'ered to the applicant2 !( (or an. reason the propert. is not deli'ered to the applicant$ the sheri(( ,ust return it to the ad'erse part.2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Pro&eedings %here property &laimed 'y third person2 3 !( the propert. ta4en is clai,ed -. an. person other than the part. a/ainst who, the writ o( reple'in had -een issued or his a/ent$ and such person ,a4es an a((ida'it o( his title thereto$ or ri/ht to the possession thereo($ statin/ the /rounds there(or$ and ser'es such a((ida'it upon the sheri(( while the latter has possession o( the propert. and a cop. thereo( upon the applicant$ the sheri(( shall not -e -ound to 4eep the propert. under reple'in or deli'er it to the applicant unless the applicant or his a/ent$ on de,and o( said sheri(($ shall (ile a -ond appro'ed -. the court to inde,ni(. the third-part. clai,ant in a su, not less than the 'alue o( the propert. under reple'in as pro'ided in section 6 hereo(2 !n case o( disa/ree,ent as to such 'alue$ the court shall deter,ine the sa,e2 &o clai, (or da,a/es (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/$ o( the propert. ,a. -e en(orced a/ainst the -ond unless the action there(or is (iled within one hundred twent. *16A+ da.s (ro, the date o( the (ilin/ o( the -ond2 The sheri(( shall not -e lia-le (or da,a/es$ (or the ta4in/ or 4eepin/ o( such propert.$ to an. such third-part. clai,ant i( such -ond shall -e (iled2 &othin/ herein contained shall pre'ent such clai,ant or an. third person (ro, 'indicatin/ his clai, to the propert.$ or pre'ent the applicant (ro, clai,in/ da,a/es a/ainst a third-part. clai,ant who (iled a (ri'olous or plainl. spurious clai,$ in the sa,e or a separate action2

<hen the writ o( reple'in is issued in (a'or o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ or an. o((icer dul. representin/ it$ the (ilin/ o( such -ond shall not -e re?uired$ and in case the sheri(( is sued (or da,a/es as a result o( the reple'in$ he shall -e represented -. the Solicitor Beneral$ and i( held lia-le there(or$ the actual da,a/es adjud/ed -. the court shall -e paid -. the &ational Treasurer out o( the (unds to -e appropriated (or the purpose2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' Return of papers2 3 The sheri(( ,ust (ile the order$ with his proceedin/s indorsed$ thereon$ with the court within ten *1A+ da.s a(ter ta4in/ the propert. ,entioned therein2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' *udgment2 3 A(ter trial o( the issues the court shall deter,ine who has the ri/ht o( possession to and the 'alue o( the propert. and shall render jud/,ent in the alternati'e (or the deli'er. thereo( to the part. entitled to the sa,e$ or (or its 'alue in case deli'er. cannot -e ,ade$ and also (or such da,a/es as either part. ,a. pro'e$ with costs2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 12' *udgment to in&lude re&o(ery against sureties2 3 The a,ount$ i( an.$ to -e awarded to an. part. upon an. -ond (iled in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rule$ shall -e clai,ed$ ascertained$ and /ranted under the sa,e procedure as prescri-ed in section 6A o( Rule )72 *1Aa+

RULE ,1 S/77!r& Pen-en&e L#&e Se%&#!n 1' Appli&ation2 3 At the co,,ence,ent o( the proper action or proceedin/$ or at an. ti,e prior to the jud/,ent or (inal order$ a 'eri(ied application (or support pendente lite ,a. -e (iled -. an. part. statin/ the /rounds (or the clai, and the (inancial conditions o( -oth parties$ and acco,panied -. a((ida'its$ depositions or other authentic docu,ents in support thereo(2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Comment2 3 A cop. o( the application and all supportin/ docu,ents shall -e ser'ed upon the ad'erse part.$ who shall ha'e (i'e *)+ da.s to co,,ent thereon unless a di((erent period is (i5ed -. the court upon his ,otion2 The co,,ent shall -e 'eri(ied and shall -e acco,panied -. a((ida'its$ depositions or other authentic docu,ents in support thereo(2 *6a$ 9a+ Se%&#!n )' 8earing2 3 A(ter the co,,ent is (iled$ or a(ter the e5piration o( the period (or its (ilin/$ the application shall -e set (or hearin/ not ,ore than three *9+ da.s therea(ter2 The (acts in issue shall -e pro'ed in the sa,e ,anner as is pro'ided (or e'idence on ,otions2 *8a+ Se%&#!n *' )rder2 3 The court shall deter,ine pro'isionall. the pertinent (acts$ and shall render such orders as justice and e?uit. ,a. re?uire$ ha'in/ the re/ard to the pro-a-le outco,e o( the case and such other circu,stances as ,a. aid in the proper resolution o( the ?uestion in'ol'ed2 !( the application is /ranted$ the court shall (i5 the a,ount o( ,one. to -e pro'isionall. paid or such other (or,s o( support as should -e pro'ided$ ta4in/ into account the necessities o( the applicant and the resources or ,eans o( the ad'erse part.$ and the ter,s o( pa.,ent or ,ode (or pro'idin/ the support2 !( the application is denied$ the principal case shall -e tried and decided as earl. as possi-le2 *)a+ Se%&#!n +' 0nfor&ement of order2 3 !( the ad'erse part. (ails to co,pl. with an order /rantin/ support pendente lite$ the court shall$ motu proprio or upon ,otion; issue an order o( e5ecution a/ainst hi,$ without prejudice to his lia-ilit. (or conte,pt2 *:a+ <hen the person ordered to /i'e support pendente lite re(uses or (ails to do so$ an. third person who (urnished that support to the applicant ,a.$ a(ter due notice and hearin/ in the sa,e case o-tain a writ o( e5ecution to en(orce his ri/ht o( rei,-urse,ent a/ainst the person ordered to pro'ide such support2 *h+ Se%&#!n ,' Support in &riminal &ases2 3 !n cri,inal actions where the ci'il lia-ilit. includes support (or the o((sprin/ as a conse?uence o( the cri,e and the ci'il aspect thereo( has not -een wai'ed$ reser'ed and instituted prior to its (ilin/$ the accused ,a. -e ordered to pro'ide support pendente lite to the child -orn to the o((ended part. alle/edl. -ecause o( the cri,e2 The application there(or ,a. -e (iled successi'el. -. the o((ended part.$ her parents$

/randparents or /uardian and the State in the correspondin/ cri,inal case durin/ its pendenc.$ in accordance with the procedure esta-lished under this Rule2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Restitution2 3 <hen the jud/,ent or (inal order o( the court (inds that the person who has -een pro'idin/ support pendente lite is not lia-le there(or$ it shall order the recipient thereo( to return to the (or,er the a,ounts alread. paid with le/al interest (ro, the dates o( actual pa.,ent$ without prejudice to the ri/ht o( the recipient to o-tain rei,-urse,ent in a separate action (ro, the person le/all. o-li/ed to /i'e the support2 Should the recipient (ail to rei,-urse said a,ounts$ the person who pro'ided the sa,e ,a. li4ewise see4 rei,-urse,ent thereo( in a separate action (ro, the person le/all. o-li/ed to /i'e such support2 *n+

S7e%#a C#"# A%&#!n$

RULE ,( In&er7 ea-er Se%&#!n 1' ,hen interpleader proper2 3 <hene'er con(lictin/ clai,s upon the sa,e su-ject ,atter are or ,a. -e ,ade a/ainst a person who clai,s no interest whate'er in the su-ject ,atter$ or an interest which in whole or in part is not disputed -. the clai,ants$ he ,a. -rin/ an action a/ainst the con(lictin/ clai,ants to co,pel the, to interplead and liti/ate their se'eral clai,s a,on/ the,sel'es2 *1a$ R:9+ Se%&#!n (' )rder2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint$ the court shall issue an order re?uirin/ the con(lictin/ clai,ants to interplead with one another2 !( the interests o( justice so re?uire$ the court ,a. direct in such order that the su-ject ,atter -e paid or deli'ered to the court2 *6a$ R:9+ Se%&#!n )' Summons2 3 Su,,ons shall -e ser'ed upon the con(lictin/ clai,ants$ to/ether with a cop. o( the co,plaint and order2 *9$ R:9+ Se%&#!n *' Motion to dismiss2 3 <ithin the ti,e (or (ilin/ an answer$ each clai,ant ,a. (ile a ,otion to dis,iss on the /round o( i,propriet. o( the interpleader action or on other appropriate /rounds speci(ied in Rule 1:2 The period to (ile the answer shall -e tolled and i( the ,otion is denied$ the ,o'ant ,a. (ile his answer within the re,ainin/ period$ -ut which shall not -e less than (i'e *)+ da.s in an. e'ent$ rec4oned (ro, notice o( denial2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' Ans%er and other pleadings2 3 Each clai,ant shall (ile his answer settin/ (orth his clai, within (i(teen *1)+ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( the su,,ons upon hi,$ ser'in/ a cop. thereo( upon each o( the other con(lictin/ clai,ants who ,a. (ile their repl. thereto as pro'ided -. these Rules2 !( an. clai,ant (ails to plead within the ti,e herein (i5ed$ the court ,a.$ on ,otion$ declare hi, in de(ault and therea(ter render jud/,ent -arrin/ hi, (ro, an. clai, in respect to the su-ject ,atter2 The parties in an interpleader action ,a. (ile counterclai,s$ cross-clai,s$ third-part. co,plaints and responsi'e pleadin/s thereto$ as pro'ided -. these Rules2 *8a$ R:9+ Se%&#!n ,' 1etermination2 3 A(ter the pleadin/s o( the con(lictin/ clai,ants ha'e -een (iled$ and pre-trial has -een conducted in accordance with the Rules$ the court shall proceed to deter,ine their respecti'e ri/hts and adjudicate their se'eral clai,s2 *)a$ R:9+ Se%&#!n 7' 1o&/et and other la%ful fees$ &osts and litigation e2penses as liens2 3 The doc4et and other law(ul (ees paid -. the part. who (iled a co,plaint under this Rule$ as well as the costs and liti/ation e5penses$ shall constitute a lien or chan/e upon the su-ject ,atter o( the action$ unless the court shall order otherwise2 *:a$ R:9+

RULE ,) De% ara&!r. Re #e0 an- S#3# ar Re3e-#e$ Se%&#!n 1' ,ho may file petition2 3 An. person interested under a deed$ will$ contract or other written instru,ent$ or whose ri/hts are a((ected -. a statute$ e5ecuti'e order or re/ulation$ ordinance$ or an. other /o'ern,ental re/ulation ,a.$ -e(ore -reach or 'iolation thereo( -rin/ an action in the appropriate Re/ional Trial ourt to deter,ine an. ?uestion o( construction or 'alidit. arisin/$ and (or a declaration o( his ri/hts or duties$ thereunder2 *0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 17 Fe-ruar. 199@+ An action (or the re(or,ation o( an instru,ent$ to ?uiet title to real propert. or re,o'e clouds there(ro,$ or to consolidate ownership under Article 1:A7 o( the i'il ode$ ,a. -e -rou/ht under this Rule2 *1a$ R:8+ Se%&#!n (' Parties2 3 All persons who ha'e or clai, an. interest which would -e a((ected -. the declaration shall -e ,ade parties; and no declaration shall$ e5cept as otherwise pro'ided in these Rules$ prejudice the ri/hts o( persons not parties to the action2 *6a$ R:8+ Se%&#!n )' Noti&e on Soli&itor 3eneral2 3 !n an. action which in'ol'es the 'alidit. o( a statute$ e5ecuti'e order or re/ulation$ or an. other /o'ern,ental re/ulation$ the Solicitor Beneral shall -e noti(ied -. the part. assailin/ the sa,e and shall -e entitled to -e heard upon such ?uestion2 *9a$ R:8+ Se%&#!n *' <o&al go(ernment ordinan&es2 3 !n an. action in'ol'in/ the 'alidit. o( a local /o'ern,ent ordinance$ the correspondin/ prosecutor or attorne. o( the local /o'ern,ental unit in'ol'ed shall -e si,ilarl. noti(ied and entitled to -e heard2 !( such ordinance is alle/ed to -e unconstitutional$ the Solicitor Beneral shall also -e noti(ied and entitled to -e heard2 *8a$ R:8+ Se%&#!n +' Court a&tion dis&retionary2 3 E5cept in actions (allin/ under the second para/raph o( section 1 o( this Rule$ the court$ motu proprio or upon ,otion$ ,a. re(use to e5ercise the power to declare ri/hts and to construe instru,ents in an. case where a decision would not ter,inate the uncertaint. or contro'ers. which /a'e rise to the action$ or in an. case where the declaration or construction is not necessar. and proper under the circu,stances2 *)a$ R:8+ Se%&#!n ,' Con(ersion into ordinary a&tion2 3 !( -e(ore the (inal ter,ination o( the case$ a -reach or 'iolation o( an instru,ent or a statute$ e5ecuti'e order or re/ulation$ ordinance$ or an. other /o'ern,ental re/ulation should ta4e place$ the action ,a. thereupon -e con'erted into an ordinar. action$ and the parties shall -e allowed to (ile such pleadin/s as ,a. -e necessar. or proper2 *:a$ R:8+

RULE ,* Re"#e= !0 J/-43en&$ an- F#na Or-er$ !r Re$! /&#!n$ !0 &9e C!33#$$#!n !n E e%&#!n$ an- &9e C!33#$$#!n !n A/-#& Se%&#!n 1' S&ope2 3 This Rule shall /o'ern the re'iew o( jud/,ents and (inal orders or resolutions o( the o,,ission on Elections and the o,,ission on Audit2 *n+ Se%&#!n (' Mode of re(ie%2 3 A jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution o( the o,,ission on Elections and the o,,ission on Audit ,a. -e -rou/ht -. the a//rie'ed part. to the Supre,e ourt on &ertiorari under Rule :)$ e5cept as hereina(ter pro'ided2 *n; 0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 17 Fe-ruar. 199@+ Se%&#!n )' #ime to file petition2 3 The petition shall -e (iled within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution sou/ht to -e re'iewed2 The (ilin/ o( a ,otion (or new trial or reconsideration o( said jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution$ i( allowed under the procedural rules o( the o,,ission concerned$ shall interrupt the period herein (i5ed2 !( the ,otion is denied$ the a//rie'ed part. ,a. (ile the petition within the re,ainin/ period$ -ut which shall not -e less than (i'e *)+ da.s in an. e'ent$ rec4oned (ro, notice o( denial2 *n+

Se%&#!n *' 1o&/et and other la%ful fees2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the petition$ the petitioner shall pa. to the cler4 o( court the doc4et and other law(ul (ees and deposit the a,ount o( P)AA2AA (or costs2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' 9orm and &ontents of petition2 3 The petition shall -e 'eri(ied and (iled in ei/hteen *1@+ le/i-le copies2 The petition shall na,e the a//rie'ed part. as petitioner and shall join as respondents the o,,ission concerned and the person or persons interested in sustainin/ the jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution a ;uo2 The petition shall state the (acts with certaint.$ present clearl. the issues in'ol'ed$ set (orth the /rounds and -rie( ar/u,ents relied upon (or re'iew$ and pra. (or jud/,ent annullin/ or ,odi(.in/ the ?uestioned jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution2 Findin/s o( (act o( the o,,ission supported -. su-stantial e'idence shall -e (inal and non-re'iewa-le2 The petition shall -e acco,panied -. a clearl. le/i-le duplicate ori/inal or certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent$ (inal order or resolution su-ject thereo($ to/ether with certi(ied true copies o( such ,aterial portions o( the record as are re(erred to therein and other docu,ents rele'ant and pertinent thereto2 The re?uisite nu,-er o( copies o( the petition shall contain plain copies o( all docu,ents attached to the ori/inal cop. o( said petition2 The petition shall state the speci(ic ,aterial dates showin/ that it was (iled within the period (i5ed herein$ and shall contain a sworn certi(ication a/ainst (oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the third para/raph o( section 9$ Rule 8:2 The petition shall (urther -e acco,panied -. proo( o( ser'ice o( a cop. thereo( on the o,,ission concerned and on the ad'erse part.$ and o( the ti,el. pa.,ent o( doc4et and other law(ul (ees2 The (ailure o( petitioner to co,pl. with an. o( the (ore/oin/ re?uire,ents shall -e su((icient /round (or the dis,issal o( the petition2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' )rder to &omment2 3 !( the Supre,e ourt (inds the petition su((icient in (or, and su-stance$ it shall order the respondents to (ile their co,,ents on the petition within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, notice thereo(; otherwise$ the ourt ,a. dis,iss the petition outri/ht2 The ourt ,a. also dis,iss the petition i( it was (iled ,ani(estl. (or dela. or the ?uestions raised are too unsu-stantial to warrant (urther proceedin/s2 *n+ Se%&#!n 7' Comments of respondents2 3 The co,,ents o( the respondents shall -e (iled in ei/hteen *1@+ le/i-le copies2 The ori/inal shall -e acco,panied -. certi(ied true copies o( such ,aterial portions o( the record as are re(erred to therein to/ether with other supportin/ papers2 The re?uisite nu,-er o( copies o( the co,,ents shall contain plain copies o( all docu,ents attached to the ori/inal and a cop. thereo( shall -e ser'ed on the petitioner2 &o other pleadin/ ,a. -e (iled -. an. part. unless re?uired or allowed -. the ourt2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' 0ffe&t of filing2 3 The (ilin/ o( a petition (or &ertiorari shall not sta. the e5ecution o( the jud/,ent or (inal order or resolution sou/ht to -e re'iewed$ unless the Supre,e ourt shall direct otherwise upon such ter,s as it ,a. dee, just2 *n+ Se%&#!n 9' Su'mission for de&ision2 3 Unless the ourt sets the case (or oral ar/u,ent$ or re?uires the parties to su-,it ,e,oranda$ the case shall -e dee,ed su-,itted (or decision upon the (ilin/ o( the co,,ents on the petition$ or o( such other pleadin/s or papers as ,a. -e re?uired or allowed$ or the e5piration o( the period to do so2 *n+

RULE ,+ Certiorari, Pr!9#;#&#!n an- Man-a3/$ Se%&#!n 1' Petition for &ertiorari2 3 <hen an. tri-unal$ -oard or o((icer e5ercisin/ judicial or ?uasi-judicial (unctions has acted without or in e5cess its or his jurisdiction$ or with /ra'e a-use o( discretion a,ountin/ to lac4 or e5cess o( jurisdiction$ and there is no appeal$ or an. plain$ speed.$ and ade?uate re,ed. in the ordinar. course o( law$ a person a//rie'ed there-. ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition in the proper court$ alle/in/ the (acts with certaint. and pra.in/ that jud/,ent -e rendered annullin/ or ,odi(.in/ the proceedin/s o( such tri-unal$ -oard or o((icer$ and /rantin/ such incidental relie(s as law and justice ,a. re?uire2

The petition shall -e acco,panied -. a certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent$ order or resolution su-ject thereo($ copies o( all pleadin/s and docu,ents rele'ant and pertinent thereto$ and a sworn certi(ication o( non-(oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the third para/raph o( section 9$ Rule 8:2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Petition for prohi'ition2 3 <hen the proceedin/s o( an. tri-unal$ corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person$ whether e5ercisin/ judicial$ ?uasi-judicial or ,inisterial (unctions$ are without or in e5cess o( its or his jurisdiction$ or with /ra'e a-use o( discretion a,ountin/ to lac4 or e5cess o( jurisdiction$ and there is no appeal or an. other plain$ speed.$ and ade?uate re,ed. in the ordinar. course o( law$ a person a//rie'ed there-. ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition in the proper court$ alle/in/ the (acts with certaint. and pra.in/ that jud/,ent -e rendered co,,andin/ the respondent to desist (ro, (urther proceedin/s in the action or ,atter speci(ied therein$ or otherwise /rantin/ such incidental relie(s as law and justice ,a. re?uire2 The petition shall li4ewise -e acco,panied -. a certi(ied true cop. o( the jud/,ent$ order or resolution su-ject thereo($ copies o( all pleadin/s and docu,ents rele'ant and pertinent thereto$ and a sworn certi(ication o( non-(oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the third para/raph o( section 9$ Rule 8:2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Petition for mandamus2 3 <hen an. tri-unal$ corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person unlaw(ull. ne/lects the per(or,ance o( an act which the law speci(icall. enjoins as a dut. resultin/ (ro, an o((ice$ trust$ or station$ or unlaw(ull. e5cludes another (ro, the use and enjo.,ent o( a ri/ht or o((ice to which such other is entitled$ and there is no other plain$ speed. and ade?uate re,ed. in the ordinar. course o( law$ the person a//rie'ed there-. ,a. (ile a 'eri(ied petition in the proper court$ alle/in/ the (acts with certaint. and pra.in/ that jud/,ent -e rendered co,,andin/ the respondent$ i,,ediatel. or at so,e other ti,e to -e speci(ied -. the court$ to do the act re?uired to -e done to protect the ri/hts o( the petitioner$ and to pa. the da,a/es sustained -. the petitioner -. reason o( the wron/(ul acts o( the respondent2 The petition shall also contain a sworn certi(ication o( non-(oru, shoppin/ as pro'ided in the third para/raph o( section 9$ Rule 8:2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' ,hen and %here petition filed2 3 The petition shall -e (iled not later than si5t. *:A+ da.s (ro, notice o( the jud/,ent$ order or resolution2 !n case a ,otion (or reconsideration or new trial is ti,el. (iled$ whether such ,otion is re?uired or not$ the si5t. *:A+ da. period shall -e counted (ro, notice o( the denial o( said ,otion2 The petition shall -e (iled in the Supre,e ourt or$ i( it relates to the acts or o,issions o( a lower court or o( a corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person$ in the Re/ional Trial ourt e5ercisin/ jurisdiction o'er the territorial area as de(ined -. the Supre,e ourt2 !t ,a. also -e (iled in the ourt o( Appeals whether or not the sa,e is in aid o( its appellate jurisdiction$ or in the Sandi/an-a.an i( it is in aid o( its appellate jurisdiction2 !( it in'ol'es the acts or o,issions o( a ?uasi-judicial a/enc.$ unless otherwise pro'ided -. law or these Rules$ the petition shall -e (iled in and co/ni7a-le onl. -. the ourt o( Appeals2 &o e5tension o( ti,e to (ile the petition shall -e /ranted e5cept (or co,pellin/ reason and in no case e5ceedin/ (i(teen *1)+ da.s2 *8a+ *0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 61 Ful. 199@; A2%2 &o2 AA-6-A9-S + Se%&#!n +' Respondents and &osts in &ertain &ases2 3 <hen the petition (iled relates to the acts or o,issions o( a jud/e$ court$ ?uasi-judicial a/enc.$ tri-unal$ corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person$ the petitioner shall join$ as pri'ate respondent or respondents with such pu-lic respondent or respondents$ the person or persons interested in sustainin/ the proceedin/s in the court; and it shall -e the dut. o( such pri'ate respondents to appear and de(end$ -oth in his or their own -ehal( and in -ehal( o( the pu-lic respondent or respondents a((ected -. the proceedin/s$ and the costs awarded in such proceedin/s in (a'or o( the petitioner shall -e a/ainst the pri'ate respondents onl.$ and not a/ainst the jud/e$ court$ ?uasi-judicial a/enc.$ tri-unal$ corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person i,pleaded as pu-lic respondent or respondents2 Unless otherwise speci(icall. directed -. the court where the petition is pendin/$ the pu-lic respondents shall not appear in or (ile an answer or co,,ent to the petition or an. pleadin/ therein2 !( the case is ele'ated to a hi/her court -. either part.$ the pu-lic respondents shall -e included therein as no,inal parties2 >owe'er$ unless otherwise speci(icall. directed -. the court$ the. shall not appear or participate in the proceedin/s therein2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' )rder to &omment2 3 !( the petition is su((icient in (or, and su-stance to justi(. such process$ the court shall issue an order re?uirin/ the respondent or respondents to co,,ent on the petition within ten *1A+ da.s (ro,

receipt o( a cop. thereo(2 Such order shall -e ser'ed on the respondents in such ,anner as the court ,a. direct to/ether with a cop. o( the petition and an. anne5es thereto2 !n petitions (or &ertiorari -e(ore the Supre,e ourt and the ourt o( Appeals$ the pro'isions o( section 6$ Rule ):$ shall -e o-ser'ed2 0e(ore /i'in/ due course thereto$ the court ,a. re?uire the respondents to (ile their co,,ent to$ and not a ,otion to dis,iss$ the petition2 Therea(ter$ the court ,a. re?uire the (ilin/ o( a repl. and such other responsi'e or other pleadin/s as it ,a. dee, necessar. and proper2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' 02pediting pro&eedings; in+un&ti(e relief. 3 The court in which the petition is (iled ,a. issue orders e5peditin/ the proceedin/s$ and it ,a. also /rant a te,porar. restrainin/ order or a writ o( preli,inar. injunction (or the preser'ation o( the ri/hts o( the parties pendin/ such proceedin/s2 The petition shall not interrupt the course o( the principal case unless a te,porar. restrainin/ order or a writ o( preli,inar. injunction has -een issued a/ainst the pu-lic respondent (ro, (urther proceedin/ in the case2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' Pro&eedings after &omment is filed2 3 A(ter the co,,ent or other pleadin/s re?uired -. the court are (iled$ or the ti,e (or the (ilin/ thereo( has e5pired$ the court ,a. hear the case or re?uire the parties to su-,it ,e,oranda2 !( a(ter such hearin/ or su-,ission o( ,e,oranda or the e5piration o( the period (or the (ilin/ thereo( the court (inds that the alle/ations o( the petition are true$ it shall render jud/,ent (or the relie( pra.ed (or or to which the petitioner is entitled2 The court$ howe'er$ ,a. dis,iss the petition i( it (inds the sa,e to -e patentl. without ,erit$ prosecuted ,ani(estl. (or dela.$ or that the ?uestions raised therein are too unsu-stantial to re?uire consideration2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' Ser(i&e and enfor&ement of order or +udgment2 3 A certi(ied cop. o( the jud/,ent rendered in accordance with the last precedin/ section shall -e ser'ed upon the court$ ?uasi-judicial a/enc.$ tri-unal$ corporation$ -oard$ o((icer or person concerned in such ,anner as the court ,a. direct$ and diso-edience thereto shall -e punished as conte,pt2 An e5ecution ,a. issue (or an. da,a/es or costs awarded in accordance with section 1 o( Rule 992 *9a+

RULE ,, Quo Warranto Se%&#!n 1' A&tion 'y 3o(ernment against indi(iduals2 3 An action (or the usurpation o( a pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise ,a. -e co,,enced -. a 'eri(ied petition -rou/ht in the na,e o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines a/ainst1 *a+ A person who usurps$ intrudes into$ or unlaw(ull. holds or e5ercises a pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise; *-+ A pu-lic o((icer who does or su((ers an act which$ -. the pro'ision o( law$ constitutes a /round (or the (or(eiture o( his o((ice; or *c+ An association which acts as a corporation within the Philippines without -ein/ le/all. incorporated or without law(ul authorit. so to act2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' ,hen Soli&itor 3eneral or pu'li& prose&utor must &ommen&e a&tion2 3 The Solicitor Beneral or a pu-lic prosecutor$ when directed -. the President o( the Philippines$ or when upon co,plaint or otherwise he has /ood reason to -elie'e that an. case speci(ied in the precedin/ section can -e esta-lished -. proo($ ,ust co,,ence such action2 *9a+ Se%&#!n )' ,hen Soli&itor 3eneral or pu'li& prose&utor may &ommen&e a&tion %ith permission of &ourt2 3 The Solicitor Beneral or a pu-lic prosecutor ,a.$ with the per,ission o( the court in which the action is to -e co,,enced$ -rin/ such an action at the re?uest and upon the relation o( another person; -ut in such case the o((icer -rin/in/ it ,a. (irst re?uire an inde,nit. (or the e5penses and costs o( the action in an a,ount appro'ed -. and to -e deposited in the court -. the person at whose re?uest and upon whose relation the sa,e is -rou/ht2 *8a+

Se%&#!n *' ,hen hearing had on appli&ation for permission to &ommen&e a&tion2 3 Upon application (or per,ission to co,,ence such action in accordance with the ne5t precedin/ section$ the court shall direct that notice -e /i'en to the respondent so that he ,a. -e heard in opposition thereto; and i( per,ission is /ranted$ the court shall issue an order to that e((ect$ copies o( which shall -e ser'ed on all interested parties$ and the petition shall then -e (iled within the period ordered -. the court2 *)a+ Se%&#!n +' ,hen an indi(idual may &ommen&e su&h an a&tion2 3 A person clai,in/ to -e entitled to a pu-lic o((ice or position usurped or unlaw(ull. held or e5ercised -. another ,a. -rin/ an action there(or in his own na,e2 *:+ Se%&#!n ,' Parties and &ontents of petition against usurpation2 3 <hen the action is a/ainst a person (or usurpin/ a pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise$ the petition shall set (orth the na,e o( the person who clai, to -e entitled thereto$ i( an.$ with an a'er,ent o( his ri/ht to the sa,e and that the respondent is unlaw(ull. in possession thereo(2 All persons who clai, to -e entitled to the pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise ,a. -e ,ade parties$ and their respecti'e ri/hts to such pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise deter,ined$ in the sa,e action2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 7' 4enue2 3 An action under the precedin/ si5 sections can -e -rou/ht onl. in the Supre,e ourt$ the ourt o( Appeals$ or in the Re/ional Trial ourt e5ercisin/ jurisdiction o'er the territorial area where the respondent or an. o( the respondents resides$ -ut when the Solicitor Beneral co,,ences the action$ it ,a. -e -rou/ht in a Re/ional Trial ourt in the it. o( %anila$ in the ourt o( Appeals$ or in the Supre,e ourt2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 1' Period for pleadings and pro&eedings may 'e redu&ed; a&tion gi(en pre&eden&e2 3 The court ,a. reduce the period pro'ided -. these Rules (or (ilin/ pleadin/s and (or all other proceedin/s in the action in order to secure the ,ost e5peditious deter,ination o( the ,atters in'ol'ed therein consistent with the ri/hts o( the parties2 Such action ,a. -e /i'en precedence o'er an. other ci'il ,atter pendin/ in the court2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 9' *udgment %here usurpation found2 3 <hen the respondent is (ound /uilt. o( usurpin/ into$ intrudin/ into$ or unlaw(ull. holdin/ or e5ercisin/ a pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise$ jud/,ent shall -e rendered that such respondent -e ousted and alto/ether e5cluded there(ro,$ and that the petitioner or relator$ as the case ,a. -e$ reco'er his costs2 Such (urther jud/,ent ,a. -e rendered deter,inin/ the respecti'e ri/hts in and to the pu-lic o((ice$ position or (ranchise o( all the parties to the action as justice re?uires2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 12' Rights of persons ad+udged entitled to pu'li& offi&e; deli(ery of 'oo/s and papers; damages2 3 !( jud/,ent -e rendered in (a'or o( the person a'erred in the co,plaint to -e entitled to the pu-lic o((ice he ,a.$ a(ter ta4in/ the oath o( o((ice and e5ecutin/ an. o((icial -ond re?uired -. law$ ta4e upon hi,sel( the e5ecution o( the o((ice$ and ,a. i,,ediatel. therea(ter de,and o( the respondent all the -oo4s and papers in the respondentEs custod. or control appertainin/ to the o((ice to which the jud/,ent relates2 !( the respondent re(uses or ne/lects to deli'er an. -oo4 or paper pursuant to such de,and$ he ,a. -e punished (or conte,pt as ha'in/ diso-e.ed a law(ul order o( the court2 The person adjud/ed entitled to the o((ice ,a. also -rin/ action a/ainst the respondent to reco'er the da,a/es sustained -. such person -. reason o( the usurpation2 *1)a+ Se%&#!n 11' <imitations2 3 &othin/ contained in this Rule shall -e construed to authori7e an action a/ainst a pu-lic o((icer or e,plo.ee (or his ouster (ro, o((ice unless the sa,e -e co,,enced within one *1+ .ear a(ter the cause o( such ouster$ or the ri/ht o( the petitioner to hold such o((ice or position$ arose$ nor to authori7e an action (or da,a/es in accordance with the pro'isions o( the ne5t precedin/ section unless the sa,e -e co,,enced within one *1+ .ear a(ter the entr. o( the jud/,ent esta-lishin/ the petitionerEs ri/ht to the o((ice in ?uestion2 *1:a+ Se%&#!n 1(' *udgment for &osts2 3 !n an action -rou/ht in accordance with the pro'isions o( this Rule$ the court ,a. render jud/,ent (or costs a/ainst either the petitioner$ the relator$ or the respondent$ or the person or persons clai,in/ to -e a corporation$ or ,a. apportion the costs$ as justice re?uires2 *17a+

RULE ,7 E<7r!7r#a&#!n Se%&#!n 1' #he &omplaint2 3 The ri/ht o( e,inent do,ain shall -e e5ercised -. the (ilin/ o( a 'eri(ied co,plaint which shall state with certaint. the ri/ht and purpose o( e5propriation$ descri-e the real or personal propert. sou/ht to

-e e5propriated$ and join as de(endants all persons ownin/ or clai,in/ to own$ or occup.in/$ an. part thereo( or interest therein$ showin/$ so (ar as practica-le$ the separate interest o( each de(endant2 !( the title to an. propert. sou/ht to -e e5propriated appears to -e in the Repu-lic o( the Philippines$ althou/h occupied -. pri'ate indi'iduals$ or i( the title is otherwise o-scure or dou-t(ul so that the plainti(( cannot with accurac. or certaint. speci(. who are the real owners$ a'er,ent to that e((ect shall -e ,ade in the co,plaint2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' 0ntry of plaintiff upon depositing (alue %ith authori:ed go(ernment depositary2 3 Upon the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint or at an. ti,e therea(ter and a(ter due notice to the de(endant$ the plainti(( shall ha'e the ri/ht to ta4e or enter upon the possession o( the real propert. in'ol'ed i( he deposits with the authori7ed /o'ern,ent depositar. an a,ount e?ui'alent to the assessed 'alue o( the propert. (or purposes o( ta5ation to -e held -. such -an4 su-ject to the orders o( the court2 Such deposit shall -e in ,one.$ unless in lieu thereo( the court authori7es the deposit o( a certi(icate o( deposit o( a /o'ern,ent -an4 o( the Repu-lic o( the Philippines pa.a-le on de,and to the authori7ed /o'ern,ent depositar.2 !( personal propert. is in'ol'ed$ its 'alue shall -e pro'isionall. ascertained and the a,ount to -e deposited shall -e pro,ptl. (i5ed -. the court2 A(ter such deposit is ,ade the court shall order the sheri(( or other proper o((icer to (orthwith place the plainti(( in possession o( the propert. in'ol'ed and pro,ptl. su-,it a report thereo( to the court with ser'ice o( copies to the parties2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' 1efenses and o'+e&tions2 3 !( a de(endant has no o-jection or de(ense to the action or the ta4in/ o( his propert.$ he ,a. (ile and ser'e a notice o( appearance and a ,ani(estation to that e((ect$ speci(icall. desi/natin/ or identi(.in/ the propert. in which he clai,s to -e interested$ within the ti,e stated in the su,,ons2 Therea(ter$ he shall -e entitled to notice o( all proceedin/s a((ectin/ the sa,e2 !( a de(endant has an. o-jection to the (ilin/ o( or the alle/ations in the co,plaint$ or an. o-jection or de(ense to the ta4in/ o( his propert.$ he shall ser'e his answer within the ti,e stated in the su,,ons2 The answer shall speci(icall. desi/nate or identi(. the propert. in which he clai,s to ha'e an interest$ state the nature and e5tent o( the interest clai,ed$ and adduce all his o-jections and de(enses to the ta4in/ o( his propert.2 &o counterclai,$ cross-clai, or third-part. co,plaint shall -e alle/ed or allowed in the answer or an. su-se?uent pleadin/2 A de(endant wai'es all de(enses and o-jections not so alle/ed -ut the court$ in the interest o( justice$ ,a. per,it a,end,ents to the answer to -e ,ade not later than ten *1A+ da.s (ro, the (ilin/ thereo(2 >owe'er$ at the trial o( the issue o( just co,pensation whether or not a de(endant has pre'iousl. appeared or answered$ he ,a. present e'idence as to the a,ount o( the co,pensation to -e paid (or his propert.$ and he ,a. share in the distri-ution o( the award2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' )rder of e2propriation2 3 !( the o-jections to and the de(enses a/ainst the ri/ht o( the plainti(( to e5propriate the propert. are o'erruled$ or when no part. appears to de(end as re?uired -. this Rule$ the court ,a. issue an order o( e5propriation declarin/ that the plainti(( has a law(ul ri/ht to ta4e the propert. sou/ht to -e e5propriated$ (or the pu-lic use or purpose descri-ed in the co,plaint$ upon the pa.,ent o( just co,pensation to -e deter,ined as o( the date o( the ta4in/ o( the propert. or the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint$ whiche'er ca,e (irst2 A (inal order sustainin/ the ri/ht to e5propriate the propert. ,a. -e appealed -. an. part. a//rie'ed there-.2 Such appeal$ howe'er$ shall not pre'ent the court (ro, deter,inin/ the just co,pensation to -e paid2 A(ter the rendition o( such an order$ the plainti(( shall not -e per,itted to dis,iss or discontinue the proceedin/ e5cept on such ter,s as the court dee,s just and e?uita-le2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' As&ertainment of &ompensation2 3 Upon the rendition o( the order o( e5propriation$ the court shall appoint not ,ore than three *9+ co,petent and disinterested persons as co,,issioners to ascertain and report to the court the just co,pensation (or the propert. sou/ht to -e ta4en2 The order o( appoint,ent shall desi/nate the ti,e and place o( the (irst session o( the hearin/ to -e held -. the co,,issioners and speci(. the ti,e within which their report shall -e su-,itted to the court2

opies o( the order shall -e ser'ed on the parties2 O-jections to the appoint,ent o( an. o( the co,,issioners shall -e (iled with the court within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice$ and shall -e resol'ed within thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter all the co,,issioners shall ha'e recei'ed copies o( the o-jections2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Pro&eedings 'y &ommissioners2 3 0e(ore enterin/ upon the per(or,ance o( their duties$ the co,,issioners shall ta4e and su-scri-e an oath that the. will (aith(ull. per(or, their duties as co,,issioners$ which oath shall -e (iled in court with the other proceedin/s in the case2 E'idence ,a. -e introduced -. either part. -e(ore the co,,issioners who are authori7ed to ad,inister oaths on hearin/s -e(ore the,$ and the co,,issioners shall$ unless the parties consent to the contrar.$ a(ter due notice to the parties$ to attend$ 'iew and e5a,ine the propert. sou/ht to -e e5propriated and its surroundin/s$ and ,a. ,easure the sa,e$ a(ter which either part. ,a.$ -. hi,sel( or counsel$ ar/ue the case2 The co,,issioners shall assess the conse?uential da,a/es to the propert. not ta4en and deduct (ro, such conse?uential da,a/es the conse?uential -ene(its to -e deri'ed -. the owner (ro, the pu-lic use or purpose o( the propert. ta4en$ the operation o( its (ranchise -. the corporation or the carr.in/ on o( the -usiness o( the corporation or person ta4in/ the propert.2 0ut in no case shall the conse?uential -ene(its assessed e5ceed the conse?uential da,a/es assessed$ or the owner -e depri'ed o( the actual 'alue o( his propert. so ta4en2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Report 'y &ommissioners and +udgment thereupon2 3 The court ,a. order the co,,issioners to report when an. particular portion o( the real estate shall ha'e -een passed upon -. the,$ and ,a. render jud/,ent upon such partial report$ and direct the co,,issioners to proceed with their wor4 as to su-se?uent portions o( the propert. sou/ht to -e e5propriated$ and ,a. (ro, ti,e to ti,e so deal with such propert.2 The co,,issioners shall ,a4e a (ull and accurate report to the court o( all their proceedin/s$ and such proceedin/s shall not -e e((ectual until the court shall ha'e accepted their report and rendered jud/,ent in accordance with their reco,,endations2 E5cept as otherwise e5pressl. ordered -. the court$ such report shall -e (iled within si5t. *:A+ da.s (ro, the date the co,,issioners were noti(ied o( their appoint,ent$ which ti,e ,a. -e e5tended in the discretion o( the court2 Upon the (ilin/ o( such report$ the cler4 o( the court shall ser'e copies thereo( on all interested parties$ with notice that the. are allowed ten *1A+ da.s within which to (ile o-jections to the (indin/s o( the report$ i( the. so desire2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 1' A&tion upon &ommissionersE report2 3 Upon the e5piration o( the period o( ten *1A+ da.s re(erred to in the precedin/ section$ or e'en -e(ore the e5piration o( such period -ut a(ter all the interested parties ha'e (iled their o-jections to the report or their state,ent o( a/ree,ent therewith$ the court ,a.$ a(ter hearin/$ accept the report and render jud/,ent in accordance therewith$ or$ (or cause shown$ it ,a. reco,,it the sa,e to the co,,issioners (or (urther report o( (acts$ or it ,a. set aside the report and appoint new co,,issioners; or it ,a. accept the report in part and reject it in part and it ,a. ,a4e such order or render such jud/,ent as shall secure to the plainti(( the propert. essential to the e5ercise o( his ri/ht o( e5propriation$ and to the de(endant just co,pensation (or the propert. so ta4en2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' .n&ertain o%nership; &onfli&ting &laims2 3 !( the ownership o( the propert. ta4en is uncertain$ or there are con(lictin/ clai,s to an. part thereo($ the court ,a. order an. su, or su,s awarded as co,pensation (or the propert. to -e paid to the court (or the -ene(it o( the person adjud/ed in the sa,e proceedin/ to -e entitled thereto2 0ut the jud/,ent shall re?uire the pa.,ent o( the su, or su,s awarded to either the de(endant or the court -e(ore the plainti(( can enter upon the propert.$ or retain it (or the pu-lic use or purpose i( entr. has alread. -een ,ade2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 12' Rights of plaintiff after +udgment and payment2 3 Upon pa.,ent -. the plainti(( to the de(endant o( the co,pensation (i5ed -. the jud/,ent$ with le/al interest thereon (ro, the ta4in/ o( the possession o( the propert.$ or a(ter tender to hi, o( the a,ount so (i5ed and pa.,ent o( the costs$ the plainti(( shall ha'e the ri/ht to enter upon the propert. e5propriated and to appropriate it (or the pu-lic use or purpose de(ined in the jud/,ent$ or to retain it should he ha'e ta4en i,,ediate possession thereo( under the pro'isions o( section 6 hereo(2 !( the de(endant and his counsel a-sent the,sel'es (ro, the court$ or decline to recei'e the a,ount tendered$ the sa,e shall -e ordered to -e deposited in court and such deposit shall ha'e the sa,e e((ect as actual pa.,ent thereo( to the de(endant or the person ulti,atel. adjud/ed entitled thereto2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 11' 0ntry not delayed 'y appeal; effe&t of re(ersal2 3 The ri/ht o( the plainti(( to enter upon the propert. o( the de(endant and appropriate the sa,e (or pu-lic use or purpose shall not -e dela.ed -. an appeal (ro, the jud/,ent2 0ut i( the appellate court deter,ines that plainti(( has no ri/ht o( e5propriation$ jud/,ent shall -e rendered orderin/ the Re/ional Trial ourt to (orthwith en(orce the restoration to the de(endant o( the possession o( the propert.$ and to deter,ine the da,a/es which the de(endant sustained and ,a. reco'er -. reason o( the possession ta4en -. the plainti((2 *11a+

Se%&#!n 1(' Costs, 'y %hom paid2 3 The (ees o( the co,,issioners shall -e ta5ed as a part o( the costs o( the proceedin/s2 All costs$ e5cept those o( ri'al clai,ants liti/atin/ their clai,s$ shall -e paid -. the plainti(($ unless an appeal is ta4en -. the owner o( the propert. and the jud/,ent is a((ir,ed$ in which e'ent the costs o( the appeal shall -e paid -. the owner2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1)' Re&ording +udgment$ and its effe&t2 3 The jud/,ent entered in e5propriation proceedin/s shall state de(initel.$ -. an ade?uate description$ the particular propert. or interest therein e5propriated$ and the nature o( the pu-lic use or purpose (or which it is e5propriated2 <hen real estate is e5propriated$ a certi(ied cop. o( such jud/,ent shall -e recorded in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place in which the propert. is situated$ and its e((ect shall -e to 'est in the plainti(( the title to the real estate so descri-ed (or such pu-lic use or purpose2 *19a+ Se%&#!n 1*' Po%er of guardian in su&h pro&eedings2 3 The /uardian or /uardian ad litem o( a ,inor or o( a person judiciall. declared to -e inco,petent ,a.$ with the appro'al o( the court (irst had$ do and per(or, on -ehal( o( his ward an. act$ ,atter$ or thin/ respectin/ the e5propriation (or pu-lic use or purpose o( propert. -elon/in/ to such ,inor or person judiciall. declared to -e inco,petent$ which such ,inor or person judiciall. declared to -e inco,petent could do in such proceedin/s i( he were o( a/e or co,petent2 *18a+

RULE ,1 F!re% !$/re !0 Rea E$&a&e M!r&4a4e Se%&#!n 1' Complaint in a&tion for fore&losure2 3 !n an action (or the (oreclosure o( a ,ort/a/e or other encu,-rance upon real estate$ the co,plaint shall set (orth the date and due e5ecution o( the ,ort/a/e; its assi/n,ents$ i( an.; the na,es and residences o( the ,ort/a/or and the ,ort/a/ee; a description o( the ,ort/a/ed propert.; a state,ent o( the date o( the note or other docu,entar. e'idence o( the o-li/ation secured -. the ,ort/a/e$ the a,ount clai,ed to -e unpaid thereon; and the na,es and residences o( all persons ha'in/ or clai,in/ an interest in the propert. su-ordinate in ri/ht to that o( the holder o( the ,ort/a/e$ all o( who, shall -e ,ade de(endants in the action2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' *udgment on fore&losure for payment or sale2 3 !( upon the trial in such action the court shall (ind the (acts set (orth in the co,plaint to -e true$ it shall ascertain the a,ount due to the plainti(( upon the ,ort/a/e de-t or o-li/ation$ includin/ interest and other char/es as appro'ed -. the court$ and costs$ and shall render jud/,ent (or the su, so (ound due and order that the sa,e -e paid to the court or to the jud/,ent o-li/ee within a period o( not less than ninet. *9A+ da.s nor ,ore than one hundred twent. *16A+ da.s (ro, the entr. o( jud/,ent$ and that in de(ault o( such pa.,ent the propert. shall -e sold at pu-lic auction to satis(. the jud/,ent2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Sale of mortgaged property; effe&t2 3 <hen the de(endant$ a(ter -ein/ directed to do so as pro'ided in the ne5t precedin/ section$ (ails to pa. the a,ount o( the jud/,ent within the period speci(ied therein$ the court$ upon ,otion$ shall order the propert. to -e sold in the ,anner and under the pro'isions o( Rule 99 and other re/ulations /o'ernin/ sales o( real estate under e5ecution2 Such sale shall not a((ect the ri/hts o( persons holdin/ prior encu,-rances upon the propert. or a part thereo($ and when con(ir,ed -. an order o( the court$ also upon ,otion$ it shall operate to di'est the ri/hts in the propert. o( all the parties to the action and to 'est their ri/hts in the purchaser$ su-ject to such ri/hts o( rede,ption as ,a. -e allowed -. law2 Upon the (inalit. o( the order o( con(ir,ation or upon the e5piration o( the period o( rede,ption when allowed -. law$ the purchaser at the auction sale or last rede,ptioner$ i( an.$ shall -e entitled to the possession o( the propert. unless a third part. is actuall. holdin/ the sa,e ad'ersel. to the jud/,ent o-li/or2 The said purchaser or last rede,ptioner ,a. secure a writ o( possession$ upon ,otion$ (ro, the court which ordered the (oreclosure2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 1isposition of pro&eeds of sale2 3 The a,ount reali7ed (ro, the (oreclosure sale o( the ,ort/a/ed propert. shall$ a(ter deductin/ the costs o( the sale$ -e paid to the person (oreclosin/ the ,ort/a/e$ and when there shall -e an. -alance or residue$ a(ter pa.in/ o(( the ,ort/a/e de-t due$ the sa,e shall -e paid to junior encu,-rancers in the order o( their priorit.$ to -e ascertained -. the court$ or i( there -e no such encu,-rancers or there -e a -alance or residue a(ter pa.,ent to the,$ then to the ,ort/a/or or his dul. authori7ed a/ent$ or to the person entitled to it2 *8a+

Se%&#!n +' 8o% sale to pro&eed in &ase the de't is not all due2 3 !( the de-t (or which the ,ort/a/e or encu,-rance was held is not all due as pro'ided in the jud/,ent as soon as a su((icient portion o( the propert. has -een sold to pa. the total a,ount and the costs due$ the sale shall ter,inate; and a(terwards as o(ten as ,ore -eco,es due (or principal or interest and other 'alid char/es$ the court ,a.$ on ,otion$ order ,ore to -e sold2 0ut i( the propert. cannot -e sold in portions without prejudice to the parties$ the whole shall -e ordered to -e sold in the (irst instance$ and the entire de-t and costs shall -e paid$ i( the proceeds o( the sale -e su((icient there(or$ there -ein/ a re-ate o( interest where such re-ate is proper2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' 1efi&ien&y +udgment2 3 !( upon the sale o( an. real propert. as pro'ided in the ne5t precedin/ section there -e a -alance due to the plainti(( a(ter appl.in/ the proceeds o( the sale$ the court$ upon ,otion$ shall render jud/,ent a/ainst the de(endant (or an. such -alance (or which$ -. the record o( the case$ he ,a. -e personall. lia-le to the plainti(($ upon which e5ecution ,a. issue i,,ediatel. i( the -alance is all due at the ti,e o( the rendition o( the jud/,ent; otherwise; the plainti(( shall -e entitled to e5ecution at such ti,e as the -alance re,ainin/ -eco,es due under the ter,s o( the ori/inal contract$ which ti,e shall -e stated in the jud/,ent2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' Registration2 3 A certi(ied cop. o( the (inal order o( the court con(ir,in/ the sale shall -e re/istered in the re/istr. o( deeds2 !( no ri/ht o( rede,ption e5ists$ the certi(icate o( title in the na,e o( the ,ort/a/or shall -e cancelled$ and a new one issued in the na,e o( the purchaser2 <here a ri/ht o( rede,ption e5ists$ the certi(icate o( title in the na,e o( the ,ort/a/or shall not -e cancelled$ -ut the certi(icate o( sale and the order con(ir,in/ the sale shall -e re/istered and a -rie( ,e,orandu, thereo( ,ade -. the re/istrar o( deeds upon the certi(icate o( title2 !n the e'ent the propert. is redee,ed$ the deed o( rede,ption shall -e re/istered with the re/istr. o( deeds$ and a -rie( ,e,orandu, thereo( shall -e ,ade -. the re/istrar o( deeds on said certi(icate o( title2 !( the propert. is not redee,ed$ the (inal deed o( sale e5ecuted -. the sheri(( in (a'or o( the purchaser at the (oreclosure sale shall -e re/istered with the re/istr. o( deeds; whereupon the certi(icate o( title in the na,e o( the ,ort/a/or shall -e cancelled and a new one issued in the na,e o( the purchaser2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1' Appli&a'ility of other pro(isions2 3 The pro'isions o( sections 91$ 96 and 98 o( Rule 99 shall -e applica-le to the judicial (oreclosure o( real estate ,ort/a/es under this Rule inso(ar as the (or,er are not inconsistent with or ,a. ser'e to supple,ent the pro'isions o( the latter2 *@a+

RULE ,9 Par&#&#!n Se%&#!n 1' Complaint in a&tion for partition of real estate2 3 A person ha'in/ the ri/ht to co,pel the partition o( real estate ,a. do so as pro'ided in this Rule$ settin/ (orth in his co,plaint the nature and e5tent o( his title and an ade?uate description o( the real estate o( which partition is de,anded and joinin/ as de(endants all other persons interested in the propert.2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' )rder for partition and partition 'y agreement thereunder2 3 !( a(ter the trial the court (inds that the plainti(( has the ri/ht thereto$ it shall order the partition o( the real estate a,on/ all the parties in interest2 Thereupon the parties ,a.$ i( the. are a-le to a/ree$ ,a4e the partition a,on/ the,sel'es -. proper instru,ents o( con'e.ance$ and the court shall con(ir, the partition so a/reed upon -. all the parties$ and such partition$ to/ether with the order o( the court con(ir,in/ the sa,e$ shall -e recorded in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place in which the propert. is situated2 *6a+ A (inal order decreein/ partition and accountin/ ,a. -e appealed -. an. part. a//rie'ed there-.2 *n+ Se%&#!n )' Commissioners to ma/e partition %hen parties fail to agree2 3 !( the parties are una-le to a/ree upon the partition$ the court shall appoint not ,ore than three *9+ co,petent and disinterested persons as co,,issioners to ,a4e the partition$ co,,andin/ the, to set o(( to the plainti(( and to each part. in interest such part and proportion o( the propert. as the court shall direct2 *9a+

Se%&#!n *' )ath and duties of &ommissioners2 3 0e(ore ,a4in/ such partition; the co,,issioners shall ta4e and su-scri-e an oath that the. will (aith(ull. per(or, their duties as co,,issioners$ which oath shall -e (iled in court with the other proceedin/s in the case2 !n ,a4in/ the partition$ the co,,issioners shall 'iew and e5a,ine the real estate$ a(ter due notice to the parties to attend at such 'iew and e5a,ination$ and shall hear the parties as to their pre(erence in the portion o( the propert. to -e set apart to the, and the co,parati'e 'alue thereo($ and shall set apart the sa,e to the parties in lots or parcels as will -e ,ost ad'anta/eous and e?uita-le$ ha'in/ due re/ard to the i,pro'e,ents$ situation and ?ualit. o( the di((erent parts thereo(2 *8a+ Se%&#!n +' Assignment or sale of real estate 'y &ommissioners2 3 <hen it is ,ade to appear to the co,,issioners that the real state$ or a portion thereo($ cannot -e di'ided without prejudice to the interests o( the parties$ the court ,a. order it assi/ned to one o( the parties willin/ to ta4e the sa,e$ pro'ided he pa.s to the other parties such a,ount as the co,,issioners dee, e?uita-le$ unless one o( the interested parties as4s that the propert. -e sold instead o( -ein/ so assi/ned$ in which case the court shall order the co,,issioners to sell the real estate at pu-lic sale under such conditions and within such ti,e as the court ,a. deter,ine2 *)a+ Se%&#!n ,' Report of &ommissioners; pro&eedings not 'inding until &onfirmed2 3 The co,,issioners shall ,a4e a (ull and accurate report to the court o( all their proceedin/s as to the partition$ or the assi/n,ent o( real estate to one o( the parties$ or the sale o( the sa,e2 Upon the (ilin/ o( such report$ the cler4 o( court shall ser'e copies thereo( on all the interested parties with notice that the. are allowed ten *1A+ da.s within which to (ile o-jections to the (indin/s o( the report$ i( the. so desire2 &o proceedin/ had -e(ore or conducted -. the co,,issioners and rendered jud/,ent thereon2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 7' A&tion of the &ourt upon &ommissioners report2 3 Upon the e5piration o( the period o( ten *1A+ da.s re(erred to in the precedin/ section or e'en -e(ore the e5piration o( such period -ut a(ter the interested parties ha'e (iled their o-jections to the report or their state,ent o( a/ree,ent therewith the court ,a.$ upon hearin/$ accept the report and render jud/,ent in accordance therewith$ or$ (or cause shown reco,,it the sa,e to the co,,issioners (or (urther report o( (acts; or set aside the report and appoint new co,,issioners; or accept the report in part and reject it in part; and ,a. ,a4e such order and render such jud/,ent as shall e((ectuate a (air and just partition o( the real estate$ or o( its 'alue$ i( assi/ned or sold as a-o'e pro'ided$ -etween the se'eral owners thereo(2 *7+ Se%&#!n 1' A&&ounting for rent and profits in a&tion for partition2 3 !n an action (or partition in accordance with this Rule$ a part. shall reco'er (ro, another his just share o( rents and pro(its recei'ed -. such other part. (ro, the real estate in ?uestion$ and the jud/,ent shall include an allowance (or such rents and pro(its2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 9' Po%er of guardian in su&h pro&eedings2 3 The /uardian or /uardian ad litem o( a ,inor or person judiciall. declared to -e inco,petent ,a.$ with the appro'al o( the court (irst had$ do and per(or, on -ehal( o( his ward an. act$ ,atter$ or thin/ respectin/ the partition o( real estate$ which the ,inor or person judiciall. declared to -e inco,petent could do in partition proceedin/s i( he were o( a/e or co,petent2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 12' Costs and e2penses to 'e ta2ed and &olle&ted2 3 The court shall e?uita-l. ta5 and apportion -etween or a,on/ the parties the costs and e5penses which accrue in the action$ includin/ the co,pensation o( the co,,issioners$ ha'in/ re/ard to the interests o( the parties$ and e5ecution ,a. issue there(or as in other cases2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 11' #he +udgment and its effe&t; &opy to 'e re&orded in registry of deeds2 3 !( actual partition o( propert. is ,ade$ the jud/,ent shall state de(initel.$ -. ,etes and -ounds and ade?uate description$ the particular portion o( the real estate assi/ned to each part.$ and the e((ect o( the jud/,ent shall -e to 'est in each part. to the action in se'eralt. the portion o( the real estate assi/ned to hi,2 !( the whole propert. is assi/ned to one o( the parties upon his pa.in/ to the others the su, or su,s ordered -. the court$ the jud/,ent shall state the (act o( such pa.,ent and o( the assi/n,ent o( the real estate to the part. ,a4in/ the pa.,ent$ and the e((ect o( the jud/,ent shall -e to 'est in the part. ,a4in/ the pa.,ent the whole o( the real estate (ree (ro, an. interest on the part o( the other parties to the action2 !( the propert. is sold and the sale con(ir,ed -. the court$ the jud/,ent shall state the na,e o( the purchaser or purchasers and a de(inite description o( the parcels o( real estate sold to each purchaser$ and the e((ect o( the jud/,ent shall -e to 'est the real estate in the purchaser or purchasers ,a4in/ the pa.,ent or pa.,ents$ (ree (ro, the clai,s o( an. o( the parties to the action2 A certi(ied cop. o( the jud/,ent shall in either case -e recorded in the re/istr. o( deeds o( the place in which the real estate is situated$ and the e5penses o( such recordin/ shall -e ta5ed as part o( the costs o( the action2 *11a+

Se%&#!n 1(' Neither paramount rights nor ami&a'le partition affe&ted 'y this Rule2 3 &othin/ in this Rule contained shall -e construed so as to prejudice$ de(eat$ or destro. the ri/ht or title o( an. person clai,in/ the real estate in'ol'ed -. title under an. other person$ or -. title para,ount to the title o( the parties a,on/ who, the partition ,a. ha'e -een ,ade$ nor so as to restrict or pre'ent persons holdin/ real estate jointl. or in co,,on (ro, ,a4in/ an a,ica-le partition thereo( -. a/ree,ent and suita-le instru,ents o( con'e.ance without recourse to an action2 *16a+ Se%&#!n 1)' Partition of personal property2 3 The pro'isions o( this Rule shall appl. to partitions o( estates co,posed o( personal propert.$ or o( -oth real and personal propert.$ in so (ar as the sa,e ,a. -e applica-le2 *19+

RULE 72 F!r%#; e En&r. an- Un a=0/ De&a#ner Se%&#!n 1' ,ho may institute pro&eedings$ and %hen2 3 Su-ject to the pro'isions o( the ne5t succeedin/ section$ a person depri'ed o( the possession o( an. land or -uildin/ -. (orce$ inti,idation$ threat$ strate/.$ or stealth$ or a lessor$ 'endor$ 'endee$ or other person a/ainst who, the possession o( an. land or -uildin/ is unlaw(ull. withheld a(ter the e5piration or ter,ination o( the ri/ht to hold possession$ -. 'irtue o( an. contract$ e5press or i,plied$ or the le/al representati'es or assi/ns o( an. such lessor$ 'endor$ 'endee$ or other person$ ,a.$ at an. ti,e within one *1+ .ear a(ter such unlaw(ul depri'ation or withholdin/ o( possession$ -rin/ an action in the proper %unicipal Trial ourt a/ainst the person or persons unlaw(ull. withholdin/ or depri'in/ o( possession$ or an. person or persons clai,in/ under the,$ (or the restitution o( such possession$ to/ether with da,a/es and costs2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' <essor to pro&eed against lessee only after demand2 3 Unless otherwise stipulated$ such action -. the lesser shall -e co,,enced onl. a(ter de,and to pa. or co,pl. with the conditions o( the lease and to 'acate is ,ade upon the lessee$ or -. ser'in/ written notice o( such de,and upon the person (ound on the pre,ises i( no person -e (ound thereon$ and the lessee (ails to co,pl. therewith a(ter (i(teen *1)+ da.s in the case o( land or (i'e *)+ da.s in the case o( -uildin/s2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' Summary pro&edure2 3 E5cept in cases co'ered -. the a/ricultural tenanc. laws or when the law otherwise e5pressl. pro'ides$ all actions (or (orci-le entr. and unlaw(ul detainer$ irrespecti'e o( the a,ount o( da,a/es or unpaid rentals sou/ht to -e reco'ered$ shall -e /o'erned -. the su,,ar. procedure hereunder pro'ided2 *n+ Se%&#!n *' Pleadings allo%ed2 3 The onl. pleadin/s allowed to -e (iled are the co,plaint$ co,pulsor. counterclai, and cross-clai, pleaded in the answer$ and the answers thereto2 All pleadin/s shall -e 'eri(ied2 *9a$ RSP+ Se%&#!n +' A&tion on &omplaint2 3 The court ,a.$ (ro, an e5a,ination o( the alle/ations in the co,plaint and such e'idence as ,a. -e attached thereto$ dis,iss the case outri/ht on an. o( the /rounds (or the dis,issal o( a ci'il action which are apparent therein2 !( no /round (or dis,issal is (ound$ it shall (orthwith issue su,,ons2 *n+ Se%&#!n ,' Ans%ers2 3 <ithin ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( su,,ons$ the de(endant shall (ile his answer to the co,plaint and ser'e a cop. thereo( on the plainti((2 A((ir,ati'e and ne/ati'e de(enses not pleaded therein shall -e dee,ed wai'ed$ e5cept lac4 o( jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter2 ross-clai,s and co,pulsor. counterclai,s not asserted in the answer shall -e considered -arred2 The answer to counterclai,s or cross-clai,s shall -e ser'ed and (iled within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, ser'ice o( the answer in which the. are pleaded2 *) RSP+ Se%&#!n 7' 0ffe&t of failure to ans%er2 3 Should the de(endant (ail to answer the co,plaint within the period a-o'e pro'ided$ the court$ motu proprio or on ,otion o( the plainti(($ shall render jud/,ent as ,a. -e warranted -. the (acts alle/ed in the co,plaint and li,ited to what is pra.ed (or therein2 The court ,a. in its discretion reduce the a,ount o( da,a/es and attorne.Es (ees clai,ed (or -ein/ e5cessi'e or otherwise unconsciona-le$ without prejudice to the applica-ilit. o( section 9 *c+$ Rule 9 i( there are two or ,ore de(endants2 *:$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 1' Preliminary &onferen&e; appearan&e of parties2 3 &ot later than thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter the last answer is (iled$ a preli,inar. con(erence shall -e held2 The pro'isions o( Rule 1@ on pre-trial shall -e applica-le to the preli,inar. con(erence unless inconsistent with the pro'isions o( this Rule2

The (ailure o( the plainti(( to appear in the preli,inar. con(erence shall -e cause (or the dis,issal o( his co,plaint2 The de(endant who appears in the a-sence o( the plainti(( shall -e entitled to jud/,ent on his counterclai, in accordance with the ne5t precedin/ section2 All cross-clai,s shall -e dis,issed2 *7$ RSP+ !( a sole de(endant shall (ail to appear$ the plainti(( shall li4ewise -e entitled to jud/,ent in accordance with the ne5t precedin/ section2 This procedure shall not appl. where one o( two or ,ore de(endants sued under a co,,on cause o( action de(ense shall appear at the preli,inar. con(erence2 &o postpone,ent o( the preli,inar. con(erence shall -e /ranted e5cept (or hi/hl. ,eritorious /rounds and without prejudice to such sanctions as the court in the e5ercise o( sound discretion ,a. i,pose on the ,o'ant2 *n+ Se%&#!n 9' Re&ord of preliminary &onferen&e2 3 <ithin (i'e *)+ da.s a(ter the ter,ination o( the preli,inar. con(erence$ the court shall issue an order statin/ the ,atters ta4en up therein$ includin/ -ut not li,ited to1 12 <hether the parties ha'e arri'ed at an a,ica-le settle,ent$ and i( so$ the ter,s thereo(; 62 The stipulations or ad,issions entered into -. the parties; 92 <hether$ on the -asis o( the pleadin/s and the stipulations and ad,ission ,ade -. the parties$ jud/,ent ,a. -e rendered without the need o( (urther proceedin/s$ in which e'ent the jud/,ent shall -e rendered within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, issuance o( the order; 82 A clear speci(ication o( ,aterial (acts which re,ain con'erted; and )2 Such other ,atters intended to e5pedite the disposition o( the case2 *@$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 12' Su'mission of affida(its and position papers2 3 <ithin ten *1A+ da.s (ro, receipt o( the order ,entioned in the ne5t precedin/ section$ the parties shall su-,it the a((ida'its o( their witnesses and other e'idence on the (actual issues de(ined in the order$ to/ether with their position papers settin/ (orth the law and the (acts relied upon -. the,2 *9$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 11' Period for rendition of +udgment2 3 <ithin thirt. *9A+ da.s a(ter receipt o( the a((ida'its and position papers$ or the e5piration o( the period (or (ilin/ the sa,e$ the court shall render jud/,ent2 >owe'er$ should the court (ind it necessar. to clari(. certain ,aterial (acts$ durin/ the said period$ issue an order speci(.in/ the ,atters to -e clari(ied$ and re?uire the parties to su-,it a((ida'its or other e'idence on the said ,atters within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, receipt o( said order2 Fud/,ent shall -e rendered within (i(teen *1)+ da.s a(ter the receipt o( the last a((ida'it or the e5piration o( the period (or (ilin/ the sa,e2 The court shall not resort to the (ore/oin/ procedure just to /ain ti,e (or the rendition o( the jud/,ent2 *n+ Se%&#!n 1(' Referral for &on&iliation2 3 ases re?uirin/ re(erral (or conciliation$ where there is no showin/ o( co,pliance with such re?uire,ent$ shall -e dis,issed without prejudice$ and ,a. -e re'i'ed onl. a(ter that re?uire,ent shall ha'e -een co,plied with2 *1@a$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 1)' Prohi'ited pleadings and motions2 3 The (ollowin/ petitions$ ,otions$ or pleadin/s shall not -e allowed1 12 %otion to dis,iss the co,plaint e5cept on the /round o( lac4 o( jurisdiction o'er the su-ject ,atter$ or (ailure to co,pl. with section 16; 62 %otion (or a -ill o( particulars; 92 %otion (or new trial$ or (or reconsideration o( a jud/,ent$ or (or reopenin/ o( trial; 82 Petition (or relie( (ro, jud/,ent;

)2 %otion (or e5tension o( ti,e to (ile pleadin/s$ a((ida'its or an. other paper; :2 %e,oranda; 72 Petition (or &ertiorari$ mandamus$ or prohi-ition a/ainst an. interlocutor. order issued -. the court; @2 %otion to declare the de(endant in de(ault; 92 #ilator. ,otions (or postpone,ent; 1A2 Repl.; 112 Third-part. co,plaints; 162 !nter'entions2 *19a$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 1*' Affida(its2 3 The a((ida'its re?uired to -e su-,itted under this Rule shall state onl. (acts o( direct personal 4nowled/e o( the a((iants which are ad,issi-le in e'idence$ and shall show their co,petence to testi(. to the ,atters stated therein2 A 'iolation o( this re?uire,ent ,a. su-ject the part. or the counsel who su-,its the sa,e to disciplinar. action$ and shall -e cause to e5pun/e the inad,issi-le a((ida'it or portion thereo( (ro, the record2 *6A$ RSP+ Se%&#!n 1+' Preliminary in+un&tion2 3 The court ,a. /rant preli,inar. injunction$ in accordance with the pro'isions o( Rule )@ hereo($ to pre'ent the de(endant (ro, co,,ittin/ (urther acts o( dispossession a/ainst the plainti((2 A possessor depri'ed o( his possession throu/h (orci-le (ro, the (ilin/ o( the co,plaint$ present a ,otion in the action (or (orci-le entr. or unlaw(ul detainer (or the issuance o( a writ o( preli,inar. ,andator. injunction to restore hi, in his possession2 The court shall decide the ,otion within thirt. *9A+ da.s (ro, the (ilin/ thereo(2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 1,' Resol(ing defense of o%nership2 3 <hen the de(endant raises the de(ense o( ownership in his pleadin/s and the ?uestion o( possession cannot -e resol'ed without decidin/ the issue o( ownership$ the issue o( ownership shall -e resol'ed onl. to deter,ine the issue o( possession2 *8a+ Se%&#!n 17' *udgment2 3 !( a(ter trial court (inds that the alle/ations o( the co,plaint are true$ it shall render jud/,ent in (a'or o( the plainti(( (or the restitution o( the pre,ises$ the su, justl. due as arrears o( rent or as reasona-le co,pensation (or the use and occupation o( the pre,ises$ attorne.Es (ees and costs2 !( a counterclai, is esta-lished$ the court shall render jud/,ent (or the su, (ound in arrears (ro, either part. and award costs as justice re?uires2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 11' *udgment &on&lusi(e only on possession; not &on&lusi(e in a&tions in(ol(ing title or o%nership2 3 The jud/,ent rendered in an action (or (orci-le entr. or detainer shall -e conclusi'e with respect to the possession onl. and shall in no wise -ind the title or a((ect the ownership o( the land or -uildin/2 Such jud/,ent shall not -ar an action -etween the sa,e parties respectin/ title to the land or -uildin/2 The jud/,ent or (inal order shall -e appeala-le to the appropriate Re/ional Trial ourt which shall decide the sa,e on the -asis o( the entire record o( the proceedin/s had in the court o( ori/in and such ,e,oranda andGor -rie(s as ,a. -e su-,itted -. the parties or re?uired -. the Re/ional Trial ourt2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 19' $mmediate e2e&ution of +udgment; ho% to stay same2 3 !( jud/,ent is rendered a/ainst the de(endant$ e5ecution shall issue i,,ediatel. upon ,otion unless an appeal has -een per(ected and the de(endant to sta. e5ecution (iles a su((icient supersedeas -ond$ appro'ed -. the %unicipal Trial ourt and e5ecuted in (a'or o( the plainti(( to pa. the rents$ da,a/es$ and costs accruin/ down to the ti,e o( the jud/,ent appealed (ro,$ and unless$ durin/ the pendenc. o( the appeal$ he deposits with the appellate court the a,ount o( rent due (ro, ti,e to ti,e under the contract$ i( an.$ as deter,ined -. the jud/,ent o( the %unicipal Trial ourt2 !n the a-sence o( a contract$ he shall deposit with the Re/ional Trial ourt the reasona-le 'alue o( the use and occupation o( the pre,ises (or the

precedin/ ,onth or period at the rate deter,ined -. the jud/,ent o( the lower court on or -e(ore the tenth da. o( each succeedin/ ,onth or period2 The supersedeas -ond shall -e trans,itted -. the %unicipal Trial ourt$ with the papers$ to the cler4 o( the Re/ional Trial ourt to which the action is appealed2 All a,ounts so paid to the appellate court shall -e deposited with said court or authori7ed /o'ern,ent depositar. -an4$ and shall -e held there until the (inal disposition o( the appeal$ unless the court$ -. a/ree,ent o( the interested parties$ or in the a-sence o( reasona-le /rounds o( opposition to a ,otion to withdraw$ or (or justi(ia-le reasons$ shall decree otherwise2 Should the de(endant (ail to ,a4e the pa.,ents a-o'e prescri-ed (ro, ti,e to ti,e durin/ the pendenc. o( the appeal$ the appellate court$ upon ,otion o( the plainti(($ and upon proo( o( such (ailure$ shall order the e5ecution o( the jud/,ent appealed (ro, with respect to the restoration o( possession$ -ut such e5ecution shall not -e a -ar to the appeal ta4in/ its course until the (inal disposition thereo( on the ,erits2 A(ter the case is decided -. the Re/ional Trial ourt$ an. ,one. paid to the court -. the de(endant (or purposes o( the sta. o( e5ecution shall -e disposed o( in accordance with the pro'isions o( the jud/,ent o( the Re/ional Trial ourt2 !n an. case wherein it appears that the de(endant has -een depri'ed o( the law(ul possession o( land or -uildin/ pendin/ the appeal -. 'irtue o( the e5ecution o( the jud/,ent o( the %unicipal Trial ourt$ da,a/es (or such depri'ation o( possession and restoration o( possession and restoration o( possession ,a. -e allowed the de(endant in the jud/,ent o( the Re/ional Trial ourt disposin/ o( the appeal2 *@a+ Se%&#!n (2' Preliminary mandatory in+un&tion in &ase of appeal2 3 Upon ,otion o( the plainti(($ within ten *1A+ da.s (ro, the per(ection o( the appeal to the Re/ional Trial ourt$ the latter ,a. issue a writ o( preli,inar. ,andator. injunction to restore the plainti(( in possession i( the court is satis(ied that the de(endantEs appeal is (ri'olous or dilator. or that the appeal o( the plainti(( is prima fa&ie ,eritorious2 *9a+ Se%&#!n (1' $mmediate e2e&ution on appeal to Court of Appeals or Supreme Court2 3 The jud/,ent o( the Re/ional Trial ourt a/ainst the de(endant shall -e i,,ediatel. e5ecutor.$ without prejudice to a (urther appeal that ,a. -e ta4en there(ro,2 *1Aa+

RULE 71 C!n&e37& Se%&#!n 1' 1ire&t &ontempt punished summarily2 3 A person /uilt. o( ,is-eha'ior in the presence o( or so near a court as to o-struct or interrupt the proceedin/s -e(ore the sa,e$ includin/ disrespect toward the court$ o((ensi'e personalities toward others$ or re(usal to -e sworn or to answer as a witness$ or to su-scri-e an a((ida'it or deposition when law(ull. re?uired to do so$ ,a. -e su,,aril. adjud/ed in conte,pt -. such court and punished -. a (ine not e5ceedin/ two thousand pesos or i,prison,ent not e5ceedin/ ten *1A+ da.s$ or -oth$ i( it -e a Re/ional Trial ourt or a court o( e?ui'alent or hi/her ran4$ or -. a (ine not e5ceedin/ two hundred pesos or i,prison,ent not e5ceedin/ one *1+ da.$ or -oth$ i( it -e a lower court2 *1a+ Se%&#!n (' Remedy therefrom2 3 The person adjud/ed in direct conte,pt -. an. court ,a. not appeal there(ro,$ -ut ,a. a'ail hi,sel( o( the re,edies o( &ertiorari or prohi-ition2 The e5ecution o( the jud/,ent shall -e suspended pendin/ resolution o( such petition$ pro'ided such person (iles a -ond (i5ed -. the court which rendered the jud/,ent and conditioned that he will a-ide -. and per(or, the jud/,ent should the petition -e decided a/ainst hi,2 *6a+ Se%&#!n )' $ndire&t &ontempt to 'e punished after &harge and hearing2 3 A(ter a char/e in writin/ has -een (iled$ and an opportunit. /i'en to the respondent to co,,ent thereon within such period as ,a. -e (i5ed -. the court and to -e heard -. hi,sel( or counsel$ a person /uilt. o( an. o( the (ollowin/ acts ,a. -e punished (or indirect conte,pt; *a+ %is-eha'ior o( an o((icer o( a court in the per(or,ance o( his o((icial duties or in his o((icial transactions; *-+ #iso-edience o( or resistance to a law(ul writ$ process$ order$ or jud/,ent o( a court$ includin/ the act o( a person who$ a(ter -ein/ dispossessed or ejected (ro, an. real propert. -. the jud/,ent or process o( an. court o( co,petent jurisdiction$ enters or atte,pts or induces another to enter into or upon such real propert.$ (or the purpose o( e5ecutin/ acts o( ownership or possession$ or in an. ,anner distur-s the possession /i'en to the person adjud/ed to -e entitled thereto;

*c+ An. a-use o( or an. unlaw(ul inter(erence with the processes or proceedin/s o( a court not constitutin/ direct conte,pt under section 1 o( this Rule; *d+ An. i,proper conduct tendin/$ directl. or indirectl.$ to i,pede$ o-struct$ or de/rade the ad,inistration o( justice; *e+ Assu,in/ to -e an attorne. or an o((icer o( a court$ and actin/ as such without authorit.; *(+ Failure to o-e. a su-poena dul. ser'ed; */+ The rescue$ or atte,pted rescue$ o( a person or propert. in the custod. o( an o((icer -. 'irtue o( an order or process o( a court held -. hi,2 0ut nothin/ in this section shall -e so construed as to pre'ent the court (ro, issuin/ process to -rin/ the respondent into court$ or (ro, holdin/ hi, in custod. pendin/ such proceedin/s2 *9a+ Se%&#!n *' 8o% pro&eedings &ommen&ed2 3 Proceedin/s (or indirect conte,pt ,a. -e initiated motu propio -. the court a/ainst which the conte,pt was co,,itted -. an order or an. other (or,al char/e re?uirin/ the respondent to show cause wh. he should not -e punished (or conte,pt2 !n all other cases$ char/es (or indirect conte,pt shall -e co,,enced -. a 'eri(ied petition with supportin/ particulars and certi(ied true copies o( docu,ents or papers in'ol'ed therein$ and upon (ull co,pliance with the re?uire,ents (or (ilin/ initiator. pleadin/s (or ci'il actions in the court concerned2 !( the conte,pt char/es arose out o( or are related to a principal action pendin/ in the court$ the petition (or conte,pt shall alle/e that (act -ut said petition shall -e doc4eted$ heard and decided separatel.$ unless the court in its discretion orders the consolidation o( the conte,pt char/e and the principal action (or joint hearin/ and decision2 *n+ Se%&#!n +' ,here &harge to 'e filed2 3 <here the char/e (or indirect conte,pt has -een co,,itted a/ainst a Re/ional Trial ourt or a court o( e?ui'alent or hi/her ran4$ or a/ainst an o((icer appointed -. it$ the char/e ,a. -e (iled with such court2 <here such conte,pt has -een co,,itted a/ainst a lower court$ the char/e ,a. -e (iled with the Re/ional Trial ourt o( the place in which the lower court is sittin/; -ut the proceedin/s ,a. also -e instituted in such lower court su-ject to appeal to the Re/ional Trial ourt o( such place in the sa,e ,anner as pro'ided in section 11 o( this Rule2 *8a; 0ar %atter &o2 @A9$ 61 Ful. 199@+ Se%&#!n ,' 8earing; release on 'ail2 3 !( the hearin/ is not ordered to -e had (orthwith$ the respondent ,a. -e released (ro, custod. upon (ilin/ a -ond$ in an a,ount (i5ed -. the court$ (or his appearance at the hearin/ o( the char/e2 On the da. set there(or$ the court shall proceed to in'esti/ate the char/e and consider such co,,ent$ testi,on. or de(ense as the respondent ,a. ,a4e or o((er2 *)a+ Se%&#!n 7' Punishment for indire&t &ontempt2 3 !( the respondent is adjud/ed /uilt. o( indirect conte,pt co,,itted a/ainst a Re/ional Trial ourt or a court o( e?ui'alent or hi/her ran4$ he ,a. -e punished -. a (ine not e5ceedin/ thirt. thousand pesos or i,prison,ent not e5ceedin/ si5 *:+ ,onths$ or -oth2 !( he is adjud/ed /uilt. o( conte,pt co,,itted a/ainst a lower court$ he ,a. -e punished -. a (ine not e5ceedin/ (i'e thousand pesos or i,prison,ent not e5ceedin/ one *1+ ,onth$ or -oth2 !( the conte,pt consists in the 'iolation o( a writ o( injunction$ te,porar. restrainin/ order or status ;uo order$ he ,a. also -e ordered to ,a4e co,plete restitution to the part. injured -. such 'iolation o( the propert. in'ol'ed or such a,ount as ,a. -e alle/ed and pro'ed2 The writ o( e5ecution$ as in ordinar. ci'il actions$ shall issue (or the en(orce,ent o( a jud/,ent i,posin/ a (ine unless the court otherwise pro'ides2 *:a+ Se%&#!n 1' $mprisonment until order o'eyed2 3 <hen the conte,pt consists in the re(usal or o,ission to do an act which is .et in the power o( the respondent to per(or,$ he ,a. -e i,prisoned -. order o( the court concerned until he per(or,s it2 *7a+ Se%&#!n 9' Pro&eeding %hen party released on 'ail fails to ans%er2 3 <hen a respondent released on -ail (ails to appear on the da. (i5ed (or the hearin/$ the court ,a. issue another order o( arrest or ,a. order the -ond (or his appearance to -e (or(eited and con(iscated$ or -oth; and$ i( the -ond -e proceeded a/ainst$ the ,easure o( da,a/es shall -e the e5tent o( the loss or injur. sustained -. the a//rie'ed part. -. reason o( the ,isconduct (or which the

conte,pt char/e was prosecuted$ with the costs o( the proceedin/s$ and such reco'er. shall -e (or the -ene(it o( the part. injured2 !( there is no a//rie'ed part.$ the -ond shall -e lia-le and disposed o( as in cri,inal cases2 *@a+ Se%&#!n 12' Court may release respondent2 3 The court which issued the order i,prisonin/ a person (or conte,pt ,a. dischar/e hi, (ro, i,prison,ent when it appears that pu-lic interest will not -e prejudiced -. his release2 *9a+ Se%&#!n 11' Re(ie% of +udgment or final order; 'ond for stay2 3 The jud/,ent or (inal order o( a court in a case o( indirect conte,pt ,a. -e appealed to the proper court as in cri,inal cases2 0ut e5ecution o( the jud/,ent or (inal order shall not -e suspended until a -ond is (iled -. the person adjud/ed in conte,pt$ in an a,ount (i5ed -. the court (ro, which the appeal is ta4en$ conditioned that i( the appeal -e decided a/ainst hi, he will a-ide -. and per(or, the jud/,ent or (inal order2 *1Aa+ Se%&#!n 1(' Contempt against ;uasi-+udi&ial entities2 3 Unless otherwise pro'ided -. law$ this Rule shall appl. to conte,pt co,,itted a/ainst persons$ entities$ -odies or a/encies e5ercisin/ ?uasi-judicial (unctions$ or shall ha'e suppletor. e((ect to such rules as the. ,a. ha'e adopted pursuant to authorit. /ranted to the, -. law to punish (or conte,pt2 The Re/ional Trial ourt o( the place wherein the conte,pt has -een co,,itted shall ha'e jurisdiction o'er such char/es as ,a. -e (iled there(or2 *n+

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